Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T09:47:07.523Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Volume I Part 2 - Thematic Histories

from Volume I

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Michal Biran
Affiliation:
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Hodong Kim
Affiliation:
Seoul National University
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bibliography

Tsuneaki, Akasaka. 2005. Jūchi ei shoseiken no kenkyū ジュチ裔諸政權の硏究 (A Study of the Regimes of Jochi’s Descendants). Tokyo.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 1985. “The Princes of the Left Hand: An Introduction to the History of Ulus of Orda in the Thirteenth and Early Fourteenth Centuries.” AEMA 5: 539.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 1986. “Guard and Government in the Reign of the Grand Qan Möngke, 1251–59.” HJAS 46 .2: 495521.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 1996. “Biography of a Cultural Broker: Bolad Ch’eng-Hsiang in China and Iran.” Oxford Studies in Islamic Art 12: 722.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 2001. Culture and Conquest in Mongol Eurasia. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 2010. “Imperial Posts, West, East and North: A Review Article.” AEMA 17: 237–80.Google Scholar
Amitai, Reuven. 2001. “Turko-Mongolian Nomads and the Iqṭā’ System in the Islamic Middle East (ca. 1000–1400 ad).” In Nomads in the Sedentary World, ed. A. M. Khazanov and A. Winks, 152–71. Richmond.Google Scholar
Amitai, Reuven, and Biran, Michal, eds. 2005. Mongols, Turks, and Others: Eurasian Nomads and the Sedentary World. Leiden.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amitai-Preiss, Reuven and Morgan, David O. eds. 2015. Nomads as Agents of Cultural Change: The Mongols and Their Eurasian Predecessors. Honolulu.Google Scholar
Amitai-Preiss, Reuven, and Morgan, David O., eds. 1999. The Mongol Empire and Its Legacy. Leiden.Google Scholar
Atwood, Christopher Pratt. 2006. “Ulus Emirs, Keshig Elders, Signatures, and Marriage Partners: The Evolution of a Classic Mongol Institution.” In Imperial Statecraft: Political Forms and Techniques of Governance in Inner Asia, Sixth–Twentieth Centuries, ed. David Sneath, 141–73. Bellingham, WA.Google Scholar
Bartold, W. 1977. Turkestan down to the Mongol Invasion. 4th ed. London.Google Scholar
Baṭṭūṭa/Gibb. See AbbreviationsGoogle Scholar
Biran, Michal. 1997. Qaidu and the Rise of the Independent Mongol State in Central Asia. Richmond.Google Scholar
Biran, Michal 2005. The Empire of Qara Khitai in Eurasian History: Between China and the Islamic World. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Biran, Michal 2008. “Diplomacy and Chancellery Practices in the Chagataid Khanate: Some Preliminary Remarks.” Oriente Moderno, new series 88.2: 369–93.Google Scholar
Biran, Michal 2013. “The Mongol Empire in World History: The State of the Field.” History Compass 11: 1021–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blake, Robert P., and Frye, Richard N.. 1949. “History of the Nation of the Archers (The Mongols) by Grigor of Akancʿ.” HJAS 12.3–4: 269399.Google Scholar
Boyle, J. A. 1974. “The Seasonal Residences of the Great Ögedei.” In Schrift zur Geschichte und Kultur des alten Orients 5: Sprache, Geschichte und Kultur der altaischen Völker, ed. P. Zieme and G. Hazai, 145–51. Berlin.Google Scholar
Bruno, Nicola de. 2017. Women in Mongol Iran: The Khatuns, 1206–1335. Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Buell, Paul D. 1979. “Sino-Khitan Administration in Mongol Bukhara.” Journal of Asian History 13.2: 121–51.Google Scholar
Cerensodnom, Dalantai, and Taube, Manfred, 1983. Die Mongolica der Berliner Turfansammlung. Berlin.Google Scholar
Gaohua, Chen 陳高華. 1991. Yuandai yanjiu lungao 元代硏究論稿 (Research Papers on the Yuan Period). Beijing.Google Scholar
Chen, Gaohua and Weimin, Shi 史衛民. 2010. Yuandai Dadu Shangdu yanjiu 元代大都上都硏究 (Study of Dadu and Shangdu of the Yuan Period). Beijing.Google Scholar
Cho, Won 趙阮. 2012. “Meng Yuan shidai daluhuachi zhidu yanjiu 蒙元時代達魯花赤制度硏究” (A Study of the Institution of Darughachi during the Mongol Yuan Period). PhD dissertation, Beijing University.Google Scholar
Inji 鄭麟趾, Chŏng, comp. 1990. Koryŏsa 高麗史 (History of Koryŏ), 3 vols. Seoul.Google Scholar
Choqto, 朝克圖. 2003. “Chinggisu Kan no dai jasa no naiyō ni kansuru kōsatsu チンギス・カンの大ジャサの內容に關する考察” (Examination of the Contents of Chinggis Khan’s Great Jasagh). Shiteki 史滴 25: 115–30.Google Scholar
Cleaves, Francis Woodman, 1952. “The Sino-Mongolian Inscription of 1346.” HJAS 15.1–2: 1123.Google Scholar
Cleaves, Francis Woodman 1953. “Daruγa and Gerege.” HJAS 16.1–2: 237–59.Google Scholar
Baohai, Dang, 2001. “The Paizi of the Mongol Empire.” Zentralasiatische Studien des Seminars für Sprach- und Kulturwissenschaft Zentralasiens der Universität Bonn 31: 3162.Google Scholar
Baohai, Dang 党寶海. 2006. Meng Yuan yizhan jiaotong yanjiu 蒙元驛站交通硏究 (A Study on the Jam Transportation of the Mongol Yuan). Beijing.Google Scholar
de Rachewiltz, Igor. 1993. “Some Reflections on Činggis Qan’s ǰasaγ.” East Asian History 6: 91104.Google Scholar
d’Ohsson, A. C. 1824. Histoire des Mongols, depuis Tchinguiz-Khan jusqu’à Timour Bey ou Tamerlan, vol. 1. The Hague and Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Ebisawa, Tetsuo 海老澤哲雄. 1966. “Genchō tanbashaku gun kenkyū josetsu 元朝探馬赤軍硏究序說” (Introductory Study of the Tammachi Army in the Yuan Dynasty). Shiryū 史流 7: 5065.Google Scholar
Endicott-West, E. 1989. Mongolian Rule in China: Local Administration in the Yuan Dynasty. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Fedorov-Davydov, G. A. 1973. Obshchestvennyi stroi Zolotoi Ordy. Moskva.Google Scholar
Franke, Herbert. 1966. “Sino-Western Contacts under the Mongol Empire.” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (Hong Kong Branch) 6: 4972.Google Scholar
Gao, Rongsheng. 高榮盛 2013. “Yuandai shougongzhi zaiyi 元代守宮制再議” (Reconsideration of the Institution of the Palace Guardianship in the Yuan Period). Yuan shi luncong 元史論叢 14: 110.Google Scholar
Golden, Peter B., ed. 2000. The King’s Dictionary: The Rasûlid Hexaglot. Fourteenth Century Vocabularies in Arabic, Persian, Turkic, Greek, Armenian and Mongol. Leiden.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halperin, Charles J. 1987. Russia and the Golden Horde: The Mongol Impact on Medieval Russian History. Bloomington, IN.Google Scholar
Herrmann, Gottfried. 2004. Persische Urkunden der Mongolenzeit: Text und Bildteil. Wiesbaden.Google Scholar
Hodous, Florence. 2012. “The Quriltai as a Legal Institution in the Mongol Empire.” CAJ 56: 87102.Google Scholar
Honda, Minobu 本田實信. 1991. Mongoru jidaishi kenkyū モンゴル時代史硏究 (A Study of the History of the Mongol Era). Tokyo.Google Scholar
Hope, Michael. 2012. “The Transmission of Authority through the Quriltais of the Early Mongol Empire and the Īlkhānate of Iran (1227–1335).” Mongolian Studies 34: 87116.Google Scholar
Ch’i-ch’ing, Hsiao. 1978. The Military Establishment of the Yuan Dynasty. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Ch’i-ch’ing, Hsiao 蕭啓慶. 1983. Yuandai shi xintan 元代史新探 (New Research on the History of the Yuan Period). Taipei.Google Scholar
Hugejileitu, 呼格吉勒圖 and Sarula, 薩如拉, eds. 2004. Basiba zi Menggu yu wenxian huibian 八思巴字蒙古語文獻匯編 (Collection of the Written Mongol Sources in ’Phags-pa Script). Huhhot.Google Scholar
HWC. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
Jackson, Peter. 1978. “The Dissolution of the Mongol Empire.” CAJ 22.3–4: 186244.Google Scholar
Jackson, Peter 1999. “From Ulus to Khanate: The Making of the Mongol States, c. 1220–c. 1290.” In Amitai-Preiss and Morgan 1999, 1238.Google Scholar
Jackson, Peter 2000. “The State of Research: The Mongol Empire, 1986–1999.” Journal of Medieval History 26.2: 189210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sechen, Jagchid 札奇斯欽. 1980. Menggu shi luncong 蒙古史論叢 (Collected Papers on the History of the Mongols), 3 vols. Taipei.Google Scholar
John of Plano, Carpini, and William of Rubruck, , 1955. Mission to Asia, ed. Dawson, C. and tr. a nun of Stanbrook, Abbey. New York.Google Scholar
JT/Boyle. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
JT/Rawshan. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
JT/Thackston. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
Kashgharī, Maḥmūd al-. 1982. Compendium of the Turkic Dialects (Dīwān Lughāt at-Turk), 3 vols., ed. and tr. Robert Dankoff. Duxbury, MA.Google Scholar
Kim, Hodong. 2005. “A Reappraisal of Güyüg Khan.” In Amitai and Biran 2005, 310–38.Google Scholar
Kim, Hodong 2009. “The Unity of the Mongol Empire and Continental Exchanges over Eurasia.” Journal of Central Eurasian Studies 1: 1542.Google Scholar
Kim, Hodong 2014–2015. “Qubilai’s Commanders (Amīrs): A Mongol Perspective.AEMA 21: 147–60.Google Scholar
Kim, Hodong 2015. “Was ‘Da Yuan’ a Chinese Dynasty?”, JSYS: 279–305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, Hodong 2019. “Formation and Changes of Uluses in the Mongol Empire.” JESHO 62.2–3: 269317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lambton, A. K. S. 1988. Continuity and Change in Medieval Persia: Aspects of Administrative, Economic and Social History, 11th–14th Century. London.Google Scholar
Li, Zhi’an 李治安. 2003. Yuandai Zhengzhi zhidu yanjiu 元代政治制度硏究 (A Study of the Yuan Political Institutions). Beijing.Google Scholar
Liao shi 遼史 (The Official History of the Liao), comp. Tuotuo 脫脫. 1974. Beijing. 5 vols.Google Scholar
Liu, Yingsheng 劉迎勝. 2006. Chahetai hanguo shi yanjiu 察合台汗國史硏究 (A Study of the History of the Chaghadaid Khanate). Shanghai.Google Scholar
Liu, Yingsheng 2014. Menggu shi kaolun 蒙古史稿論 (Essays on the History of the Mongols), 2 vols. Lanzhou.Google Scholar
Ma, Xiaolin 馬曉林. 2012. “Yuandai guojia jisi yanjiu 元代國家祭祀硏究” (A Study of the State Sacrificial Rites in the Yuan Period).” PhD dissertation, Nankai University.Google Scholar
Matsuda, Kōichi 松田孝一. 1979. “Genchō ki no bunpō sei: Anzai Ō no jirei o chūshin toshite 元朝期の分封制 : 安西王の事例を中心として” (The Institution of Fief in the Period of the Yuan Dynasty: The Case of Anxi Wang). Shigaku zasshi 史學雜誌 88.8: 37–74.Google Scholar
Matsuda, Kōichi 2012. “Mongoru teikoku jidai no ganji no tanbashaku to sono sōchi ni tsuite モンゴル帝國時代の漢地の探馬赤とその草地について” (On the Tammachi and Their Pastures in Northern China during the Period of the Mongol Empire). Jūsan-jūyon seiki Higashi Ajia shiryō tsūshin 13–14世紀東アジア史料通信 19: 3847.Google Scholar
Matsukawa, Takashi 松川節. 1995. “Dai Gen Urusu no meireibun shoshiki 大元ウルスの命令文書式” (Format of Decrees in the Dai Yuan Ulus). Machikaneyama ronsō (shigaku hen) 待兼山論叢(史學篇) 29: 2552.Google Scholar
May, Timothy. 2004. “The Mechanics of Conquest and Governance: The Rise and Expansion of the Mongol Empire, 1185–1265.” PhD dissertation. University of Wisconsin–Madison.Google Scholar
Melville, Charles P. 1990. “The Itineraries of Sultan Öljeitü, 1304–16.” Iran 28: 5570.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Melville, Charles P. 2006. “The Keshig in Iran: The Survival of the Royal Mongol Household.” In Beyond the Legacy of Genghis Khan, ed. Komaroff, Linda, 135–64. Leiden.Google Scholar
Morgan, David O. 1986a. “The ‘Great “yāsā” of Chingiz Khān’ and Mongol Law in the Īlkhānate.BSOAS 49.1: 163–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morgan, David O. 1986b. The Mongols. London.Google Scholar
Morgan, David O. 2000. “Reflections on Mongol Communications in the Ilkhanate.” In Studies in Honour of Clifford Edmund Bosworth, vol. 2, ed. Carole Hillenbrand. Leiden, 375–85.Google Scholar
Morgan, David O. 2005. “The ‘Great Yasa of Chinggis Khan’ Revisited.” In Amitai and Biran 2005, 291308. Leiden.Google Scholar
Morgan, David O. 2015. “Mongol Historiography since 1985: The Rise of Cultural History.” In Amitai and Biran 2015, 271–82.Google Scholar
Morihira, Masahiko 森平雅彦. 2013. Mongoru hakenka no Kōrai : teikoku chitsujo to ōkoku no taiō モンゴル覇權下の高麗: 帝國秩序と王國の對應 (Koryŏ under Mongol Hegemony: An Imperial System and a Kingdom’s Response). Nagoya.Google Scholar
Mostaert, Antoine, and Cleaves, Francis Woodman. 1952. “Trois documents mongols des Archives secrètes vaticanes.HJAS 15.3–4: 419506.Google Scholar
Nakhchivanī, Muḳhammad ibn Khindūshākh. 1964–1976. Dastūr al-kātib fī taʻyīn al-marātib, 3 vols. Critical text by A. A. Ali-zade. Moscow.Google Scholar
Ōba, Shōichi 大葉昇一. 1987. “Gendai no tanbashaku gun sairon 元代の探馬赤軍再論” (Re-examination of the Tammachi Army in the Yuan Period). Mongoru kenkyū モンゴル硏究 18: 1835.Google Scholar
Ostrowski, Donald. 1998. “The Tamma and the Dual-Administrative Structure of the Mongol Empire.” BSOAS 61.2: 262–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pelliot, Paul. 1973. Recherches sur les chrétiens d’Asie centrale et d’extrême-orient. Paris.Google Scholar
Poppe, Nicholas. 1967. “On Some Military Terms in the ‘Yüan-ch’ao pi-shih’.” Monumenta Serica: Journal of Oriental Studies 26: 506–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Qāshānī, , ʿAbd al-Qāsim ʿAbd Allāh. 1969. Tārīkh-i Ūljāytū, ed. Hambly, Mahin. Tehran.Google Scholar
Qazwīnī. 1919. The Geographical Part of the Nuzhat-al-qulūb, tr. G. Le Strange. Leiden.Google Scholar
Ratchnevsky, Paul. 1974. “Die Yasa (Jasaq) Činggis-khans und ihre Problematik.” In Schrift zur Geschichte und Kultur des alten Orients 5: Sprache, Geschichte und Kultur der altaischen Völker, ed. P. Zieme and G. Hazai, 471–87. Berlin.Google Scholar
Shi, Weimin 史衛民. 1996. Dushi zhong de youmumin 都市中的遊牧民 (Nomads in the Middle of Cities). Changsha.Google Scholar
Shi, Weimin 1998. Yuandai junshi shi 元代軍事史 (Military History of the Yuan Period). Beijing.Google Scholar
Shim, Hosung. 2014. “The Postal Roads of the Great Khans in Central Asia under the Mongol-Yuan Empire.” JSYS 44: 405–70.Google Scholar
Shimo, Hirotoshi. 1977. “The Qaraunas in the Historical Materials of the Ilkhanate.” Memoirs of the Toyo Bunko 35: 131–81.Google Scholar
Shiraishi, Noriyuki 白石典之. 2001. Chingisu Kan no kōkogaku チンギス—カンの考古學 (Archaeology of Chinggis Khan). Tokyo.Google Scholar
Silverstein, Adam J. 2007. Postal Systems in the Pre-modern Islamic World. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sinica Franciscana. 1929. Vol. 1, ed. A. van den Wyngaert. Claras Aquas (Quaracchi-Firenze).Google Scholar
Smith, John M. Jr. 1993–1994. “Demographic Considerations in Mongol Siege Warfare.” Archivum Ottomanicum 13: 329–34.Google Scholar
Su, Tianjue 蘇天爵, comp. 1922. Guochao wenlei 國朝文類 (Assorted Writings of the Present Dynasty). Sibu congkan jibu 四部叢刊集部. Shanghai.Google Scholar
Su, Tianjue comp. 1996. Yuanchao mingchen shilue 元朝名臣史略 (Brief Records of Eminent Officials in the Yuan Dynasty), ed. Yao Jing’an. Beijing.Google Scholar
Sugiyama, Masaaki 杉山正明. 2004. Mongoru teikoku to Daigen Urusu モンゴル帝國と大元ウルス (The Mongol Empire and the Da Yuan Ulus). Kyoto.Google Scholar
Tan, Qixiang 譚其驤, ed. 1982–1987. Zhongguo lishi ditu ji 中國歷史地圖集 (Collection of Historical Maps of China), 8 vols. Shanghai.Google Scholar
Tekin, Talat. 1968. A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic. Bloomington, IN.Google Scholar
TJG. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
Uno, Nobuhiro 宇野伸浩. 2002. “Chinggisu Kan no dai yasa saikō チンギス—カンの大ヤサ再考” (A Re-examination of Chinggis Khan’s Great Yāsā). Chūgoku shigaku 中國史學 12: 147–69.Google Scholar
Usmanov, M. A. 1979. Zhalovannye akty dzhuchieva ulusa XVI–XVI vv. Kazan.Google Scholar
Vásáry, István. 1978. “The Origin of the Institution of Basqaqs.” AOH 32: 201–6.Google Scholar
Vásáry, István 2007. Turks, Tatars and Russians in the 13th–16th Centuries. Aldershot.Google Scholar
Vásáry, István 2016. “The Preconditions to Becoming a Judge (Yarġuči) in Mongol Iran.” JRAS 26.1–2: 157–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vernadsky, George. 1953. The Mongols and Russia. New Haven.Google Scholar
William of Rubruck, . 1990. The Mission of Friar William of Rubruck: His Journey to the Court of the Great Khan Möngke 1253–1255, tr. Peter Jackson. London.Google Scholar
Wulan, 烏蘭, ed. 2012. Yuanchao mishi (jiaokan ben) 元朝秘史(校勘本) (The Secret History of the Mongols (Critical Text)). Beijing.Google Scholar
Xiong, Mengxiang 熊夢祥, comp. 1983. Xijinzhi jiyi 析津志輯佚 (Collection of Lost Parts of the Xijin Gazetteer). Beijing.Google Scholar
Yazdī, Sharaf al-Dīn. 2008. Ẓafar-nāma, 2 vols., ed. Ṣādiq, Mīr Muḥammad. Tehran.Google Scholar
Ye, Ziqi 葉子奇, comp. 1959. Caomu zi 草木子 (Master of Plants). Beijing.Google Scholar
Yasuhiro, Yokkaichi 四日市康博. 2005. “Jaruguchi gō ジャルグチ考” (A Study of Jarghuchi). Shigaku zasshi 114.4: 443–72.Google Scholar
YS. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
Zhanchi 站赤 (The Postal Stations). 1936. In Yongle dadian 永樂大典 (Great Encyclopedia of the Yongle Period), vols. 19416–26. Beiping.Google Scholar
Zhao, Gong 趙珙, comp. 2009. Heida shilüe 黑韃事略 (Brief Events of the Black Tatars), critical text by Wang Guowei 王國維. In Wang Guowei quanji 王國維全集 (Collective Works of Wang Guowei), vol. 11. Hangzhou.Google Scholar

Bibliography

Fidāʾ, Abūʾl. 1983. The Memoirs of a Syrian Prince, tr. P. M. Holt. Wiesbaden.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 1991. “Changing Forms of Legitimation in Mongol Iran.” In Rulers from the Steppe: State Formation on the Eurasian Periphery, ed. Gary Seaman and Daniel Marks, 223–41. Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 1996. “Spiritual Geography and Political Legitimacy in the Eastern Steppe.” In Ideology and the Formation of the Early State, ed. Henri J. M. Claessen and Jarich G. Oosten, 116–35. Leiden.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 1997. Commodity and Exchange in the Mongol Empire: A Cultural History of Islamic Textiles. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 2006. The Royal Hunt in Eurasian History. Philadelphia.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 2009. “A Note on Mongol Imperial Ideology.” In The Early Mongols: Studies in Honor of Igor de Rachewiltz on the Occasion of his 80th Birthday, ed. Volker Rybatzki et al., 19. Bloomington, IN.Google Scholar
Artsruni, Thomas. 1985. History of the House of Artsrunikʿ, tr. Robert W. Thomson. Detroit.Google Scholar
Atwood, Christopher. 2004. “Validation by Holiness or Sovereignty: Religious Toleration as Political Theology in the Mongol World Empire of the Thirteenth Century.” International History Review 26.2: 237–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyle, John A., trans. 1963. “The Longer Introduction to the Zīj-i Ilkhānī of Naṣīr al-Dīn Ṭūsī.” Journal of Semitic Studies 8: 244–54.Google Scholar
Brose, Michael C. 2006. “Realism and Idealism in the Yuanshi Chapters on Foreign Relations.” Asia Major, 3rd series 19: 327–47.Google Scholar
Budge, E. A. Wallis, trans. 1928. The Monks of Kublai Khan. London.Google Scholar
Cai, Meibiao 蔡美彪, ed. 1955. Yuandai baihua bei jilu 元代白話碑集錄 (Collection of the Baihua Epitaphs in the Yuan Period). Beijing.Google Scholar
Chavannes, Edouard. 1908. “Inscriptions et pièces de chancellerie chinoises de époque mongole (2nd series).T’oung-pao 9: 297448.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cleaves, Francis W. 1953. “The Mongolian Documents in the Musée de Téhéran.” HJAS 16: 1107.Google Scholar
Dardess, John. 1978. “Ming T’ai-tsu on the Yüan: An Autocrat’s Assessment of the Mongol Dynasty.” Bulletin of Sung & Yüan Studies 14: 611.Google Scholar
Igor, de Rachewiltz, trans. 1962. “The Hsi-yu lu by Yeh-lü Ch’u-ts’ai.” Monumenta Serica 21: 1128.Google Scholar
Igor, de Rachewiltz 1973. “Some Remarks on the Ideological Foundations of Chingis Khan’s Empire.” Papers on Far Eastern History 7: 2136.Google Scholar
Igor, de Rachewiltz 1983. “Qan, Qa’an and the Seal of Güyük.” In Documenta Barbarorum: Festschrift für Walter Heissig zum 70. Geburstag, ed. Sagaster, K. and Weiers, M., 272–81. Wiesbaden.Google Scholar
Franke, Herbert. 1978. From Tribal Chieftain to Universal Emperor and God: The Legitimation of the Yüan Dynasty. Munich.Google Scholar
Gnoli, Gherardo. 1990. “On Old Persian Farnah-.” Acta Iranica, 3rd series 3: 8392.Google Scholar
Golden, Peter B. 1982. “Imperial Ideology and the Sources of Political Unity amongst the Pre-Činggisid Nomads of Western Eurasia.” AEMA 2: 3776.Google Scholar
Grigor of Akancʿ. 1949. “The History of the Nation of Archers,” tr. Robert P. Blake and Richard Frye. HJAS 12: 269399.Google Scholar
Gurevich, Aaron. 1992. Historical Anthropology of the Middle Ages. Chicago.Google Scholar
Harawī, , Sayf, b. Muḥammad, b. Yaʿqūb, . 1944. Ta’rīkh nāma-yi Harāt, ed. Muḥammad, Ṣīddīqī. Calcutta.Google Scholar
HWC. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
al-Balkhī, Ibn. 1921. The Fārsnāma, ed. Guy, Le Strange and Nicholson, R. A.. London.Google Scholar
JT/ʿAlīzādah. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
JT/Boyle. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
JT/Karīmī. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
Jūzjānī, Minhāj al-Dīn. 1864. Ṭabaqāt-i nāṣirī, ed. Nassau Lees, W.. Calcutta.Google Scholar
Jūzjānī, Minhāj al-Dīn 1970. Ṭabaqāt-i nāṣirī, tr. H. G. Raverty, vol. 2. New Delhi.Google Scholar
Khazanov, Anatoly M. 2004. “Nomads of the Eurasian Steppe in Historical Perspective.” In The Early State, Its Alternatives and Analogues, ed. Leonid E. Grinin, 476500. Volgograd.Google Scholar
Manz, Beatrice. 1988. “Tamerlane and the Symbols of Sovereignty.” Iranian Studies 21.1–2: 105–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meisami, Julie Scott, trans. 1991. The Sea of Precious Virtue. Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Meyvaert, Paul. 1980. “An Unknown Letter of Hulagu, the Il-Khan of Persia, to King Louis ix of France.” Viator 11: 245–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pelliot, Paul. 1923. “La théorie des quatre Fils du Ciel.” T’oung-pao 22: 97125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daya, Peng 彭大雅 and Ting, Xu 徐霆. 1975. Heida shilue 黑韃事略 (Brief Informations on the Black Tatars). In Menggu shiliao sizhong 蒙古史料四種, ed. Guowei, Wang. Taipei.Google Scholar
Poppe, Nicholas. 1957. The Mongolian Monuments in hPʿags-pa Script. Wiesbaden.Google Scholar
Qāshānī, Abū al-Qāsim. 1969. Ta’rīkh-i Ūljāytū, ed. Mahin Hambly. Tehran.Google Scholar
Salzman, Phillip Carl. 1978. “Ideology and Change in Middle Eastern Tribal Society.” Man 13: 618–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schuh, Dieter, trans. 1977. Erlasse und Sendschreiben mongolischer Herrscher für tibetische Geistliche. St. Augustin.Google Scholar
Shabānkāraʾī, , Muḥammad, b. ʿAlī, . 1984. Majmaʿ al-ansāb, ed. Muḥaddith, M. H.. Tehran.Google Scholar
Skelton, R. A., et al., eds. 1995. The Vinland Map and the Tartar Relation. New Haven.Google Scholar
Skjærvø, Prods O. 1983. “Farnah-: Mot mède en vieux-perse?Bulletin de la Société de linquistique de Paris 78: 241–59.Google Scholar
Skrynnikova, T. D. 1992–1993. “Sülde: The Basic Idea of the Chinggis Khan Cult.” AOH 46: 5159.Google Scholar
Skrynnikova, T. D. 1997. Kharizma i vlast v epokhu Chingis-khana. Moscow.Google Scholar
Slesarchuk, G. I., ed. 1996. Russko-mongol′skie otnosheniia, 1654–1685: Sbornik dokumentov. Moscow.Google Scholar
Sreznevskii, Izmail I. 1989. Slovar′ drevnerusskogo iazyka. Moscow.Google Scholar
Su, Tianjue 蘇天爵, ed. 1967. Yuan wenlei 元文類 (Classified Writings of the Yuan Dynasty). Taipei.Google Scholar
Tardy, Lajos. 1978. “The Caucasian Peoples and Their Neighbors in 1404.” AOH 32: 83111.Google Scholar
TJG. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
Rubruck, William of. 1990. The Mission of Friar William of Rubruck, tr. Peter Jackson, ed. Morgan, David. London.Google Scholar
Zieme, Peter. 1992a. “Manichäische Kolophone und Könige.” In Studia Manichaica, ed. Weissner, Gernot and Klimkeit, Hans-Joachim, 319–27. Wiesbaden.Google Scholar
Zieme, Peter 1992b. Religion und Gesellschaft im uigurischen Königreich von Qočo. Opladen.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bibliography

Allsen, Thomas T. 1986. “Guard and Government in the Reign of the Grand Qan Möngke, 1251–1259.” HJAS 46: 495521.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 1987. Mongol Imperialism: The Policies of the Grand Qan Möngke in China, Russia, and the Islamic Lands, 1251–1259. Berkeley.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 2001. Culture and Conquest in Mongol Eurasia. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 2002. “The Circulation of Military Technology in the Mongolian Empire.” In Warfare in Inner Asian History (500–1800), ed. Nicola Di Cosmo, 265–93. Leiden.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 2006. The Royal Hunt in Eurasian History. Philadelphia.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amitai, Reuven. 1999. “Northern Syria between the Mongols and Mamlūks: Political Boundary, Military Frontier and Ethnic Affinity.” In Frontiers in Question: Eurasian Borderlands c. 700–1700, ed. Standen, Naomi and Power, Daniel, 128–52. London.Google Scholar
Amitai, Reuven 2001. “Turco-Mongolian Nomads and the iqṭā͑ System in the Islamic Middle East (1000–1400 ad).” In Nomads in the Sedentary World, ed. Andre Wink and Anatoly M. Khazanov, 152–71. London.Google Scholar
Amitai, Reuven 2002. “Whither the Ilkhanid army? Ghazan’s First Campaign into Syria (1299–1300).” In Warfare in Inner Asian History (500–1800), ed. Nicola Di Cosmo, 221–64. Leiden.Google Scholar
Amitai, Reuven 2016. “Continuity and Change in the Mongol Army of the Ilkhanate.” In The Mongols’ Middle East: Continuity and Transformation in Ilkhanid Iran, ed. Bruno de Nicola and Charles Melville, 3852. Leiden.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amitai-Preiss, Reuven. 1995. Mongols and Mamlūks: The Mamlūk–Īlkhānid War, 1260–1281. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Atwood, Christopher P. 2006. “Ulus Emirs, Keshig Elders, Signatures, and Marriage Partners: The Evolution of a Classic Mongol Institution.” In Imperial Statecraft: Political Forms and Techniques of Governance in Inner Asia, Sixth–Twentieth Centuries, ed. David Sneath, 207–42. Bellingham, WA.Google Scholar
Aubin, Jean. 1969. “L’ethnogenèse des Qaraunas.Turcica 1: 6595.Google Scholar
Bade, David. 2013. Of Palm Wine, Women and War: The Mongolian Naval Expedition to Java in the 13th Century. Singapore.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hebraeus, Bar. 1932. The Chronography of Gregory Abu’l-Faraj 1225–1286, the Son of Aaron, the Hebrew Physician Commonly Known as Bar Hebraeus, tr. E. A. W. Budge. London.Google Scholar
Biran, Michal. 1997. Qaidu and the Rise of the Independent Mongol State in Central Asia. Richmond.Google Scholar
Biran, Michal 2002. “The Battle of Herat (1270): A Case of Inter-Mongol Warfare.” In Warfare in Inner Asian History (500–1800), ed. Nicola Di Cosmo, 175220. Leiden.Google Scholar
Borbone, Pier Giorgio. 2009. “Hulegu’s Rock-Climbers: A Short-Lived Turkic Word in 13th–14th Century Syriac Historical Writing.” In Studies in Turkic Philology: Festschrift in Honour of the 80th Birthday of Professor Geng Shimin, ed. Zhang Dingjing and Abdurishid Yakup, 290–98. Beijing.Google Scholar
Boyle, John A. 1963. “The Mongol Commanders in Afghanistan and India According to the Ṭabaqāt-i Nāṣirī of Jūzjānī.” CAJ 9: 235–47.Google Scholar
Bregel, Yuri. 2009. “Uzbeks, Qazaqs and Turkmens.” In CHIA, 221–36.Google Scholar
Buell, Paul D. 1977. ‘Tribe, Qan, and Ulus in Early Mongol China: Some Prolegomena to Yüan History.’ PhD dissertation, University of Washington.Google Scholar
Buell, Paul D. 1980. “Kalmyk Tanggaci People: Thoughts on the Mechanics and Impact of Mongol Expansion.” Mongolian Studies 6: 4159.Google Scholar
Buell, Paul D. 1992. “Early Mongol Expansion in Western Siberia and Turkestan (1207–1219): A Reconstruction.” CAJ 36: 132.Google Scholar
Büntgen, Ulf, and Cosmo, Nicola Di. 2016. “Climatic and Environmental Aspects of the Mongol Withdrawal from Hungary in 1242 ce.” Scientific Reports 6: 25606, DOI: 10.1038/srep25606.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chase, Kenneth. 2003. Firearms: A Global History to 1700. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
CHIA. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
Ciocīltan, Virgil. 2012. The Mongols and the Black Sea Trade in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries. Leiden.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conlan, Thomas D. 2001 . In Little Need of Divine Intervention: Takezaki Suenaga’s Scroll of the Mongol Invasions of Japan. Ithaca, NY.Google Scholar
Davis, Richard L. 2009. “The Reign of Tu-Tsung and His Successors to 1279.” In The Cambridge History of China, vol. 5, ed. Twitchett, Denis and Smith, Paul Jakov, 913–62. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Dawson, Christopher, ed. 1980. The Mongol Mission: Narratives and Letters of the Franciscan Missionaries in Mongolia and China in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries. London and New York.Google Scholar
Delgado, James P. 2008. Khubilai Khan’s Lost Fleet: In Search of a Legendary Armada. Berkeley.Google Scholar
de Rachewiltz, Igor, ed. 1972. Index to the Secret History of the Mongols. Bloomington, IN.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeVries, Kelly, and Smith, Robert Douglas. 2012. Medieval Military Technology. 2nd ed. Toronto.Google Scholar
Doerfer, Gerhard. 1963. Türkische und Mongolische Elemente in Neupersischen, vol. 1. Wiesbaden.Google Scholar
Duncan, John, and Haboush, Jahyun Kim. 2009. “Memorials to the Throne.” In Epistolary Korea: Letters in the Communicative Space of the Choson, 1392–1910, ed. Jahyun Kim Haboush, 4256. New York.Google Scholar
Golden, Peter B. 1992. An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples: Ethnogenesis and State-Formation in Medieval and Early Modern Eurasia and the Middle East. Wiesbaden.Google Scholar
Golden, Peter B. 2009. “Migrations, Ethnogenesis.” In CHIA, 109–19.Google Scholar
Haw, Stephen G. 2006. Marco Polo’s China: A Venetian in the Realm of Khubilai Khan. London.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haw, Stephen G. 2013a. “Cathayan Arrows and Meteors: The Origins of Chinese Rocketry.” Journal of Chinese Military History 2: 2842.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haw, Stephen G. 2013b. “The Mongol Empire: The First ‘Gunpowder Empire’?JRAS 23: 441–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haydar, Mirza. 2013. Tarikh-i-Rashidi: A History of the Khans of Moghulistan (Books 1 and 2), tr. Wheeler M. Thackston. London.Google Scholar
He, Qiutao. 1985. “Sheng Wu Qin Zheng lu (Bogda Bagatur Bey-e-ber Tayilagsan Temdeglel).” In Bogda Bey-e-ber Tayilagsan Temdgelel, ed. Asaraltu, 3–95. Qayilar.Google Scholar
Hope, Michael. 2016. Power, Politics, and Tradition in the Mongol Empire and the Īlkhānate of Iran. Oxford.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hsiao, Ch’i-Ch’ing. 1978. The Military Establishment of the Yüan Dynasty. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
HWC. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
Jackson, Peter. 1978. “The Dissolution of the Mongol Empire.” CAJ 22: 186244.Google Scholar
Jackson, Peter 2005. The Mongols and the West: 1221–1410. Harlow.Google Scholar
Jackson, Peter 2006. The Mongols and the West. London.Google Scholar
Jagchid, Sechin, and Bawden, Charles R.. 1965. “Some Notes on the Horse-Policy of the Yüan Dynasty.” CAJ 10.3: 246–68.Google Scholar
Carpini, John of Plano. 1929. “Ystoria Mongalorum.” In Itinera et Relationes Minorum Saeculi XIII et XIV, ed. Anastasius van, P. Wyngaert, den, 27130. Florence.Google Scholar
JT/Karīmī. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
JT/Thackston. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
Jūzjānī, Minhāj-i-Siraj. 1963. Ṭabaqāt-i-Nāṣirī. 2nd ed, ed. ʿAbd al-Ḥayy, Ḥabībī. Kabul.Google Scholar
Jūzjānī, Minhāj-i-Siraj 2010. Ṭabaqāt-i-Nāṣirī, tr. H. G. Raverty. Kolkata.Google Scholar
Khan, Iqtidar Alam. 2004. Gunpowder and Firearms: Warfare in Medieval India. Oxford.Google Scholar
Khudiakov, Iu. C. 1991. Vooruzhenie Tsentral′no-Aziatskikh kochevnikov v epokhu rannego i razvitogo srednyevekov′ya. Novosibirsk.Google Scholar
Kim, Hodong. 2004. “A Reappraisal of Güyüg Khan.” In Mongols, Turks, and Others: Eurasian Nomads and the Sedentary World, ed. Amitai, Reuven and Biran, Michal, 309–38. Leiden.Google Scholar
Li, Chih-ch’ang. 1963. The Travels of an Alchemist: The Journey of the Taoist, Ch’ang-Ch’un, from China to the Hindukush at the Summons of Chingiz Khan, Recorded by His Disciple, Li Chih-Ch’ang, tr. Arthur Waley. London.Google Scholar
Lorge, Peter A. 2008. The Asian Military Revolution from Gunpowder to the Bomb. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manz, Beatrice Forbes. 1991. The Rise and Rule of Tamerlane. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Martinez, A. P. 1986. “Some Notes on the Il-Xanid Army.” AEMA 6: 129242.Google Scholar
May, Timothy. 2006. “The Training of an Inner Asian Nomad Army in the Pre-modern Period.” Journal of Military History 70.3: 617–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
May, Timothy 2007. The Mongol Art of War: Chinggis Khan and the Mongol Military System. Barnsley.Google Scholar
May, Timothy 2012. The Mongol Conquests in World History. London.Google Scholar
May, Timothy 2015. “The Mongol Art of War and the Tsunami Strategy.” Zolotoordynskoe obozrenie tsivilizatsiia: Nauchnyi eshchegodnik 8: 3137.Google Scholar
May, Timothy 2016. “Mongol Conquest Strategy in the Middle East.” In Mongols’ Middle East: Continuity and Transformation in Ilkhanid Iran, ed. Bruno de Nicola and Charles Melville, 1337. Leiden.Google Scholar
May, Timothy 2018. The Mongol Empire. Edinburgh.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Millward, James. 2009. “Eastern Central Asia (Xinjiang): 1300–1800.” In CHIA, 260–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morgan, David. 1982. “The Mongols in Syria, 1260–1300.” In Crusade and Settlement, ed. Edbury, Peter, 231–35. Cardiff.Google Scholar
Mussis, Gabriele de. 1994. “Historia de Morbo.” In The Black Death, ed. Horrox, Rosemary, 1425. Manchester.Google Scholar
Nasawī, Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad. 1953. Sīrah al-Sulṭan Jalāl al-Dīn Mankubirtī. Cairo.Google Scholar
Needham, Joseph. 1981. Science in Traditional China: A Comparative Perspective. Hong Kong.Google Scholar
Needham, , Joseph, Ho Ping-Yü, Lu Gwei-Djen, , and Ling, Wang. 1986. Science and Civilisation in China, vol. 5, Chemistry and Chemical Technology, part 7, Military Technology: The Gunpowder Epic. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Nicolle, David. 1995. Medieval Warfare Source Book, vol. 1, Warfare in Western Christendom. London.Google Scholar
Ostrowski, Donald. 1998a. Muscovy and the Mongols: Cross-cultural Influences on the Steppe Frontier, 1304–1589. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Ostrowski, Donald 1998b. “The Tamma and the Dual-Administrative Structure of the Mongol Empire.BSOAS 61: 262–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paris, Matthew. 1968. English History, 3 vols., tr. J. A. Giles. New York.Google Scholar
Pederson, Neil, Hessl, Amy E., Nachin Baatarbileg, Kevin J. Anchukaitis, and Cosmo, Nicola Di. 2014. “Pluvials, Droughts, the Mongol Empire, and Modern Mongolia.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 111.12: 4375–79.Google ScholarPubMed
Perfecky, George, tr. and ed. 1973. The Hypatian Codex II: The Galician–Volynian Chronicle. Munich.Google Scholar
Perlee, Kh. 1957. “K istorii drevnikh gorodov i poselenii v Mongolii.” Sovetskaia arkheologiia 10: 4352.Google Scholar
Perlee, Kh. 1985–1986. “On Some Place Names in the Secret History,” tr. L. W. Moses. Mongolian Studies 9: 83102.Google Scholar
Petrushevsky, I. P. 1968. “The Socio-economic Condition of Iran under the Īl-Khāns.” In CHI5, 483537.Google Scholar
Polo, Marco. 1993. The Travels of Marco Polo, tr. Henry Yule, ed. Cordier, Henri. New York.Google Scholar
Polo, Marco 2016. The Description of the World, tr. Sharon Kinoshita. Indianapolis.Google Scholar
Raphael, Kate. 2009. “Mongol Siege Warfare on the Banks of the Euphrates and the Question of Gunpowder (1260–1312).” JRAS, 3rd series 19.3, 355–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raphael, Kate 2011. Muslim Fortresses in the Levant: Between Crusaders and Mongols. London.Google Scholar
Rossabi, Morris. 2009. Khubilai Khan: His Life and Times. 2nd ed. Berkeley.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sasaki, Randall J. 2015. The Origins of the Lost Fleet of the Mongol Empire. College Station, TX.Google Scholar
Schamiloglu, Uli. 1984. “The Qaraçi Beys of the Later Golden Horde: Notes on the Organization of the Mongol World Empire.” AEMA 4: 283–97.Google Scholar
SH. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
Shimo, Hirotoshi. 1977. “The Qarāūnās in the Historical Materials of the Īlkhanate.” Memoirs of the Toyo Bunko 33: 131–81.Google Scholar
Shīrāzī, Quṭb al-Dīn Maḥmūd ibn Mas’ūd. 2010. Akhbār-i Mughūlān dar Anbānah Mullah Quṭb. Qom.Google Scholar
Sinor, Denis. 1971. “On Mongol Strategy.” Proceedings of the Fourth East Asian Altaistic Conference, ed. Ch’en Chieh-hsien, 238–49. Taipei.Google Scholar
Steingass, Francis. 1996. A Comprehensive Persian–English Dictionary. New Delhi.Google Scholar
TJG. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
Vásáry, István. 2005. Cumans and Tatars: Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185–1365. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vogel, Hans Ulrich. 2013. Marco Polo Was in China: New Evidence from Currencies, Salts and Revenues. Leiden.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waterson, James. 2013. Defending Heaven: China’s Mongol Wars 1209–1370. London.Google Scholar
Rubruck, William. 1990. The Mission of Friar William of Rubruck: His Journey to the Court of the Great Khan Möngke 1253–1255, tr. Peter Jackson, ed. Peter Jackson with David Morgan. London.Google Scholar
Wing, Patrick. 2016. The Jalayirids: Dynastic State Formation in the Mongol Middle East. Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Wright, Tim. 2007. “An Economic Cycle in Imperial China? Revisiting Robert Hartwell on Iron and Coal.” JESHO 50.4: 383423.Google Scholar
Gong, Zhao. 1975. Men-da bei-lu: Polnoe opisanie Mongolo-Tatar, tr. N. Munkuev. Moscow.Google Scholar

Bibliography

Abe, Takeo 安部健夫. 1972. Gendai shi no kenkyū 元代史の硏究 (A Study of the Yuan Period). Tokyo.Google Scholar
Abu-Lughod, Janet L. 1989. Before European Hegemony: The World System a.d. 1250–1350. Oxford.Google Scholar
Allen, Martin. 2001. “The Volume of the English Currency, 1158–1470.” Economic History Review 54.4: 595611.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 1987. Mongol Imperialism: The Policies of the Grand Qan Mongke in China, Russia, and the Islamic Lands, 1251–1259. Berkeley.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 1989. “Mongolian Princes and Their Merchant Partners, 1200–1260.” Asia Major, 3rd series 2.2: 83126.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 1997. Commodity and Exchange in the Mongol Empire: A Cultural History of Islamic Textiles. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 2001a. Culture and Conquest of Mongol Eurasia. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 2001b. “Sharing out the Empire: Apportioned Lands under the Mongols.” In Nomads in the Sedentary World, ed. Anatoly M. Kazanov and André Wink, 172–90. Richmond.Google Scholar
Amitai, Reuven. 2008. “Diplomacy and the Slave Trade in the Eastern Mediterranean: A Re-examination of the Mamlūk–Byzantine–Genoese Triangle in the Late Thirteenth Century in Light of the Existing Early Correspondence.” Oriente Moderno 88: 349–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Asimov, Mukhamed S., and Bosworth, C. Edmund, eds. 1998. History of Civilizations of Central Asia, vol. 4, part 1, The Age of Achievements: 750 AD to the End of the Fifteenth Century. Paris.Google Scholar
Bacharach, Jere L. 1983. “Monetary Movements in Medieval Egypt, 1171–1517.” In Richards 1983, 159–81.Google Scholar
Balard, Mitchel. 1973. Gênes et l’outre-mer, vol. 1, Les Actes de Caffa: Du notaire Lamberto di Sambuceto, 1289–1290. Paris.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baṭṭuṭa/Gibb. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
Blake, Robert P. 1937. “The Circulation of Silver in the Moslem East Down to the Mongol Epoch.HJAS 2.3–4: 291328.Google Scholar
Boldureanu, Ana. 2007. “Some Remarks on the Metrology of the Golden Horde Silver Ingots in the Light of a Hoard Found at the Orheiul Vechi.” www.arheomet.ro/ro/evenimente/simpozion2007/rezumate/boldureanu.html (accessed April 21, 2015).Google Scholar
Chakravarti, Ranabir. 1991. “Horse Trade and Piracy at Tana (Thana, Mahrashtra India).” JESHO 34.2: 159–82.Google Scholar
Chen, Yaocheng, Yanyi, Guo, and Hong, Chen. 1994. “Sources of Cobalt Pigment used on Yuan Blue and White Porcelain Wares, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.” Oriental Art 40.1: 1419.Google Scholar
CHIA. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
Chŏng, Inji. 1972. Koryŏsa 高麗史 (History of Koryŏ), vol. 2. Seoul, 2nd ed.Google Scholar
Davidovich, Elena A., and Dani, A. H.. 1998. “Coinage and the Monetary System.” In Asimov and Bosworth, 1998, 391–419.Google Scholar
Deyell, John. 1983. “The China Connection: Problems of Silver Supply in Medieval Bengal.” In Richards 1983, 207–27.Google Scholar
Di Cosmo, Nicola. 2005. “Mongols and Merchants on the Black Sea Frontier in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries: Convergences and Conflicts.” In Mongols, Turks, and Others: Eurasian Nomads and the Sedentary World, ed. Amitai, Reuven and Biran, Michal, 391424. Leiden.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Digby, Simon. 1971. War-Horse and Elephant in the Delhi Sultanate: A Study of Military Supplies. Oxford.Google Scholar
Dijkman, Jessica. 2011. Shaping Medieval Markets: The Organisation of Commodity Markets in Holland, c. 1200–c. 1450. Leiden.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doerfer, Gerhard. 1963. Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen, vol. 1. Wiesbaden.Google Scholar
Ebisawa, Tetsuo 海老澤哲雄. 1983. “Bondservants in the Yüan.” Acta Asiatica 45: 2748.Google Scholar
Fang, Hui 方回. 1971. Gujinkao 古今攷 (Considerations on Past and Present). Taipei.Google Scholar
Linggui, Fang 方齡貴 2001. Tongzhi tiaoge xiaozhu 通制條格校注 (Annotation of Legislative Articles from the Comprehensive Regulations). Beijing.Google Scholar
Fennell, John. 1983. The Crisis of Medieval Russia, 1200–1304. London and New York.Google Scholar
Finlay, Robert. 2010. The Pilgrim Art: Cultures of Porcelain in World History. Berkeley and Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Flecker, Michael. 2002. The Archaeological Excavation of the 10th Century Intan Shipwreck. Oxford.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fragner, Bert G. 1997. “Iran under Ilkhanid Rule in a World History Perspective.” In L’Iran face à la domination mongole, ed. Denise Aigle, 121–31. Tehran.Google Scholar
Friedel, Ernst. 1896. Hervorragende Kunst- und Alterthums-Gegenstände des Märkischen Provinzial-Museums in Berlin, vol. 1, Die Hacksilberfunde. Berlin.Google Scholar
Funada, Yoshiyuki 舩田善之. 2001. “Gendai shiryō toshite no kyūhon Rōkitsudai : Shō to bukka no kisai wo chūshin to shite 元代史料としての舊本『老乞大』—鈔と物價の記載を中心として—” (Old Version Laoqida as a Material for the Yuan Period: Centered at the Descriptions of Paper Money and Prices). Tōyō gakuhō 東洋學報 83: 101–30.Google Scholar
Gao, Congming 高聰明. 2016. “‘Zizhou jiaohui’ kao ‘淄州交会’考” (Study of ‘Zizhou Notes’). Zhongguo qianbi 中國錢幣 2016.1: 912.Google Scholar
Grierson, Philip. 1979. “The Coin List of Pegolotti.” In Later Medieval Numismatics (11th–16th Centuries), collected by Philip Grierson, xi, 485–92. London.Google Scholar
Grierson, Philip 1982. Byzantine Coin. Berkeley.Google Scholar
Halperin, Charles J. 1983. “Russia in the Mongol Horde in Comparative Perspective.” HJAS 43: 239–61.Google Scholar
Halperin, Charles J. 1985. Russia and the Golden Horde. Bloomington, IN.Google Scholar
Hilton, Rodney. 1983. A Medieval Society: The West Midlands at the End of the Thirteenth Century. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Hirao, Yoshimitsu 平尾良光. 2008a. “Kamakura Daibutsu no sozai wa chūgokusen 鎌倉大佛の素材は中國錢” (The Source of the Kamakura Great Buddha Are Chinese Copper Coins). Isotope News 656: 2227.Google Scholar
Hirao, Yoshimitsu 2008b. “Zairyō ga kataru chūsei: namari dōitaihi sokutei kara mita kyōzutsu 材料が語る中世—鉛同位体比から見た經筒” (The Medieval Period Told by Materials: Sutra Cases Seen from the Lead Isotope). In Kyōzutsu ga kataru chūsei no sekai 經筒か語る中世の世界 (The Medieval World told by Sutra Cases), ed. Fujio, Oda 小田富士雄, Yoshimitsu, Hirao 平尾良光, and Kenji, Iinuma 飯沼賢司, 2134. Kyoto.Google Scholar
Ichimaru, Tomoko 市丸智子. 2008. “Gendai ni okeru gin, shō, dōsen no sōgo kankei ni tsuite: shiyō tan’i no bunseki wo chūshin ni 元代における銀‧鈔‧銅錢の相互關係について—使用單位の分析を中心に” (Mutual Relationship among Silver, Paper Money and Copper Coin: Centered on the Analysis of the Units Used in the Yuan Period).” Kyūshū daigaku tōyōshi ronshū 九州大學東洋史論集 36: 88122.Google Scholar
Jackson, Peter. 2009. “Delhi: The Problem of a Vast Military Encampment.” In Studies on the Mongol Empire and Early Muslim India, collected by Peter Jackson, xii, 1833. London.Google Scholar
Jahn, Karl. 1970. “Paper Currency in Iran: A Contribution to the Cultural and Economic History of Iran in the Mongol Period.” Journal of Asian History 4: 101–35.Google Scholar
Keynes, , John, M. 1971. A Treatise on Money: The Applied Theory of Money. London.Google Scholar
Kolbas, Judith. 2006. The Mongols in Iran: Chingiz Khan to Uljaytu, 1220–1309. London and New York.Google Scholar
Kong, Qi 孔齊. 1987. Zhizhengzhiji 至正直記 (Straight Records of the Reign of Zhizheng). Shanghai.Google Scholar
Köprülü, Mehmet Fuat. 1992. The Origins of the Ottoman Empire, tr. and ed. Gary Leiser. Albany, NY.Google Scholar
Kuroda, Akinobu. 2008a. “Locating Chinese Monetary History in Global and Theoretical Contexts: From Multiple and Complementary Viewpoints.” In Jidiao yu bianzou: 7 zhi 20 shiji de Zhongguo 基調與變奏 : 七至二十世紀的中國 (Keynote and Variations: China from the 7th Century to the 20th Century), vol. 2, ed. Huang Kuanzhong, 3350. Taipei.Google Scholar
Kuroda, Akinobu 2008b. “What Is the Complementarity among Monies? An Introductory Note.” Financial History Review 15.1: 715.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuroda, Akinobu 2009. “The Eurasian Silver Century, 1276–1359: Commensurability and Multiplicity.” Journal of Global History 4.2: 245–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuwabara, Jitsuzō 桑原隲蔵. 1989. Hojukō no jiseki 蒲壽庚の事績 (Projects and Accomplishments by Pu Shougeng). Tokyo.Google Scholar
Li, Zhi’an 李治安. 2007. Yuandai fenfeng zhidu yanjiu 元代分封制度硏究 (Study of the Fief System under the Yuan). Beijing.Google Scholar
Lopez, Robert S., and Irving W. Raymond. 1955. Medieval Trade in the Mediterranean World: Illustrative Documents. New York.Google Scholar
Mabuchi, Kazuo 馬淵和雄. 1998. Kamakura daibutsu no chūsei 鎌倉大佛の中世 (Medieval Era of the Kamakura Great Buddha). Tokyo.Google Scholar
Maeda, Naonori 前田直典. 1973. Genchō shi no kenkyū 元朝史の硏究 (Study of the Yuan Dynasty). Tokyo.Google Scholar
Makhdumi, Rafiuddin. 1988. “Mongol Monetary System.” In Perspectives on Mongolia, ed. Sharma, R. C., 4954. Delhi.Google Scholar
Margariti, Roxani E. 2007. Aden and the Indian Ocean Trade. Chapel Hill.Google Scholar
Martin, Janet. 1978. “The Land of Darkness and the Golden Horde: The Fur Trade under the Mongols xiiixivth Centuries.” Cahiers du monde russe et soviétique 19.4: 401–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martinez, Arsenio P. 1984. “Regional Mint Outputs and the Dynamics of Bullion Flows through the Il-Xanate.” Journal of Turkish Studies 8: 121–73.Google Scholar
Martinez, Arsenio. P. 1995–1997. “The Wealth of Ormus and of Ind.” AEMA 9: 123252.Google Scholar
Martinez, Arsenio. P. 2009. “Institutional Development, Revenues and Trade.” In CHIA, 89108.Google Scholar
Martinez, Arsenio. P. 2011. “The Il-Khanid Coinage: An Essay in Monetary and General History Based Largely on Comparative Numismatic Metrology.” AEMA 17: 59164.Google Scholar
Matsuda, Kōichi 松田孝一. 1983. “Yubukuru tō no Genchō tōkō ユブクル等の元朝投降” (Surrenders by Yobuqur and Others to the Yuan Dynasty). Ritsumeikan shigaku 立命館史學 4: 2862.Google Scholar
Matsui, Dai 松井太. 2004. “Mongoru jidai no doryōkō: higashi torukisutan shutsudo bunken kara no sai-kentō モンゴル時代の度量衡 : 東トルキスタン出土文獻からの再檢討” (Metrology under the Mongol Period: Revision Based on Unearthed Documents from East Turkestan). Tōhōgaku 東方學 107: 153–66.Google Scholar
Matsui, Dai 2005. “Taxation Systems as Seen in the Uigur and Mongol Documents from Turfan: An Overview.” Transactions of the International Conference of Eastern Studies 50: 6782.Google Scholar
Michell, Robert, and Forbes, Nevill. 1914. The Chronicle of Novgorod, 1016–1471. London.Google Scholar
Mikami, Tsugio 三上次男. 1969. Tōji no michi 陶磁の道 (Ceramic Roads). Tokyo.Google Scholar
Miskimin, Harry A. 1963. Money, Prices, and Foreign Exchange in Fourteenth-Century France. New Haven.Google Scholar
Miskimin, Harry. A. 1983. “Money and Money Movements in France and England at the End of the Middle Ages.” In Richards 1983, 7996.Google Scholar
Mitchiner, Michael. 1979. Oriental Coins and Their Values. London.Google Scholar
Miyazawa, Tomoyuki 宮澤知之. 2012. “Genchō no zaisei to shō 元朝の財政と鈔” (Public Finance and Paper Money of the Yuan). Bukkyō daigaku rekishigaku ronshū 佛敎大學歷史學論集 2: 4364.Google Scholar
Mori, Tatsuya 森達也. 2012. “Perusyawan hokugan hakken no chūgoku tōji ペルシア灣北岸發見の中國陶磁” (Chinese Potteries Found in the Northern Coast of the Persian Gulf). Aichiken tōji shiryōkan kenkyū kiyō 愛知縣陶磁資料館紀要 17: 118.Google Scholar
Moriyasu, Takao 森安孝夫. 2004. “Sirukurōdo tōbu ni okeru tsūka シルクロード東部における通貨” (Currencies in the Eastern Part of the Silk Road). In Chūō Ajia shutsudo bunbutsu ronsō 中央アジア出土文物論叢 (Papers on the Pre-Islamic Documents and Other Materials Unearthed from Central Asia), ed. Takao, Moriyasu, 140. Kyoto.Google Scholar
Moshenskyi, Sergii. 2008. History of Weksel: Bill of Exchange and Promissory Note. Xlibris.Google Scholar
Munro, John. 1983. “Bullion Flows and Monetary Contraction in Late Medieval England and the Low Countries.” In Richards 1983, 97158.Google Scholar
Muraoka, Hitoshi 村岡倫. 2002. “Mongoru jidai no uyoku urusu to Sansei chihō モンゴル時代の右翼ウルスと山西地方” (The Right Wing Ulus and Shanxi District under the Mongols). In Hikoku tō shiryō no sōgō bunseki ni yoru mongoru jidai=genchō no seiji keizai sisutemu no kisoteki kenkyū 碑刻等史料の總合的分析によるモンゴル帝國‧元朝の政治‧經濟システムの基礎的硏究 (Basic Research of the Political and Economic System under the Mongols through the Comprehensive Analysis of Stelae and Other Materials), ed. Kōichi, Matsuda, 151–70. Tokyo.Google Scholar
Murray, James M. 2005. Bruges, Cradle of Capitalism, 1280–1390. Cambridge.Google Scholar
National Maritime Museum of Korea. 2006. The Shinan Wreck. Mokpo.Google Scholar
Ogilvie, Sheilagh C. 2011. Institutions and European Trade: Merchant Guilds, 1000–1800. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Otagi, Matsuo 愛宕松男. 1973Ortoghsen to sono haikei: 13 seiki mongoru — genchō ni okeru gin no dōkō 斡脫錢とその背景—十三世紀モンゴル=元朝における銀の動向(上)‧(下)” (The Ortoq Qian (Loan for Ortoq) and Its Background: Silver Movements under the 13th-Century Yuan Dynasty (Parts 1 and 2)). Tōyōshi kenkyū 東洋史硏究 32.1: 127, 32.2: 163201.Google Scholar
Peng, Xinwei 彭信威. 1965. Zhongguo huobi shi 中國貨幣史 (Monetary History of China). 2nd ed., Shanghai.Google Scholar
Petrushevsky, I. P. 1968. “The Socio-economic Condition of Iran under the Īl-khāns.” In CHIA, 483537.Google Scholar
Reid, Anthony. 1993. Southeast Asia in the Age of Commerce 1450–1680, vol. 2. New Haven.Google Scholar
Richards, John F., ed. 1983. Precious Metals in the Later Medieval and Early Modern World. Durham.Google Scholar
Sargent, Thomas J., and Franc̜ois, R. Velde, . 2002. The Big Problem of Small Change. Princeton.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sasaki, Gin’ya 佐々木銀弥. 1972. Chūsei shōhin ryūtsū shi no kenkyū 中世商品流通史の硏究 (Study of Commodity Circulation History in the Medieval Era). Tokyo.Google Scholar
Segal, Ethan I. 2011. Coins, Trade and the State: Economic Growth in Early Medieval Japan, Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
al-Shamrookh, Nayef Abdullah. 1996. The Commerce and Trade of the Rasulids in the Yemen, 630–858/1231–1454. Kuwait.Google Scholar
Song, Yingxing 宋應星. 1978. Tiangong Kaiwu 天工開物 (Heavenly Creations). Hong Kong.Google Scholar
Spufford, Peter. 1988. Money and Its Use in Medieval Europe. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stahl, Alan. 1985. The Venetian Tornesello: A Medieval Colonial Coinage. New York.Google Scholar
Sugiyama, Masaaki 杉山正明. 1993. “Babusa daiō no reishi hai yori 八不沙大王の令旨碑より” (From the Inscription of Mongol Prince Babusa’s Edict). Tōyōshi kenkyū 52.3: 435–84.Google Scholar
Tao, Zongyi 陶宗儀. 1959. Nancun chuogeng lu 南村輟耕錄 (Notebooks of the Dull Agricultural Season). Beijing.Google Scholar
Toyoda, Takeshi 豊田武. 1952. Nihon chūsei shōgyō shi no kenkyū 日本中世商業史の 硏究 (Study of Commercial History in Medieval Japan). Tokyo.Google Scholar
Tsuboi, Ryōhei 坪井良平. 1970. Nihon no Bonshō 日本の梵鐘 (Bells of Japan). Tokyo.Google Scholar
Tsuboi, Ryōhei 1974. Chōsen shō 朝鮮鐘 (Korean Bells). Tokyo.Google Scholar
Tsuboi, Ryōhei 1984. Rekishi kōkogaku no kenkyū 歷史考古學の硏究 (Study of Historical Archaeology). Tokyo.Google Scholar
Vernadsky, George. 1953. The Mongols and Russia. New Haven.Google Scholar
Vogel, Hans U. 2013. Marco Polo Was in China: New Evidence from Currencies, Salts and Revenues. Leiden.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richard, Von Glahn. 1996. Fountain of Fortune: Money and Monetary Policy in China, 1000–1700. Berkeley.Google Scholar
Richard, Von Glahn 2010. “Monies of Account and Monetary Transition in China, Twelfth to Fourteenth Centuries.” JESHO 53.3: 463–50.Google Scholar
Wang, Hailin 汪海林 and Changwen, Zhong 鍾昌文. 2007. “Dui Shufu xian faxian Chahetai hanguo jiaocang yinbi de yanjiu 對疏附縣發現察合台汗國窖藏銀幣的硏究” (Study of the Chaghadaid Khanate’s Silver Coins from Shufu Hoards). Neimenggu Jinrong Yanjiu Qianbi Zengkan 內蒙古金融硏究錢幣增刊 1: 1623.Google Scholar
Wang, Lingling 王菱菱. 2005. Songdai kuangye yanjiu 宋代礦業硏究 (Study of Mining Industries in Song China). Baoding.Google Scholar
Watson, Andrew M. 1967. “Back to Gold – and Silver.” Economic History Review, 2nd series 20.2: 134.Google Scholar
Whaley, Mark A. 2001. “An Account of 13th-Century Qubchir of the Mongol ‘Great Courts’.” AOH 54.1: 184.Google Scholar
Yokkaichi, Yasuhiro. 2009. “Horses in the East–West Trade between China and Iran under Mongol Rule.” In Pferde in Asien: Geschichte, Handel und Kultur, ed. Bert G. Fragner, Ralph Kauz, Roderich Ptak, and Angela Schottenhammer, 8797. Vienna.Google Scholar
YS. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
Yule, Henry. 1914. Cathay and the Way Thither, vol. 3. London.Google Scholar
Zhou, Weirong 周衛榮. 2004. Zhongguo gudai qianbi hejin chengfen yanjiu 中國古代錢幣合金成分硏究 (Study of the Metallic Contents of Chinese Ancient Coins). Beijing.Google Scholar
Zubko, Andriy. 1999. “The Mystery of the Kyiv Hryvnia Emergence.” Ukrainska Numizmatyka i Bonistyka 99.2: 4252.Google Scholar

Bibliography

Abate, Mark T. 2013. “The Reorientation of Roger Bacon: Muslims, Mongols, and the Man Who Knew Everything.” In East Meets West in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Times: Transcultural Experiences in the Premodern World, ed. Albrecht Classen, 523–73. Berlin and Boston.Google Scholar
Aigle, Denise. 2014. The Mongol Empire between Myth and Reality: Studies in Anthropological History. Leiden.Google Scholar
Akasoy, Anna. 2013. “The Buddha and the Straight Path. Rashīd al-Dīn’s Life of the Buddha: Islamic Perspectives.” In Rashīd al-Dīn as an Agent and Mediator of Cultural Exchanges in Ilkhanid Iran, ed. Anna Akasoy, Ronit Yoeli-Tlalim, and Charles Burnett, 173–96. London.Google Scholar
Alberts, Thomas Karl. 2015. Shamanism, Discourse, Modernity. Williston.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 1987. Mongol Imperialism: The Policies of the Grand Qan Möngke in China, Russia, and the Islamic Lands, 1251–1259. Berkeley.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 1997. Commodity and Exchange in the Mongol Empire: A Cultural History of Islamic Textiles. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 2001. Culture and Conquest in Mongol Eurasia. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 2002. Technician Transfer in the Mongolian Empire. Bloomington, IN.Google Scholar
Almond, Phillip C. 1988. The British Discovery of Buddhism. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amitai, Reuven. 1996. “Ghazan, Islam and Mongol Tradition: A View from the Mamlūk Sultanate.” BSOAS 59: 110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amitai, Reuven 1999. “Sufis and Shamans: Some Remarks on the Islamization of the Mongols in the Ilkhanate.” JESHO 42, 1: 2746.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amitai, Reuven 2001. “The Conversion of Tegüder Ilkhan to Islam.” Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 25: 1543.Google Scholar
App, Urs. 2010. The Birth of Orientalism. Philadelphia.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Armstrong, Karen. 2014. Fields of Blood: Religion and the History of Violence. New York.Google Scholar
Atwood, Christopher P. 1996. “Buddhism and Popular Ritual in Mongolian Religion: A Reexamination of the Fire Cult.” History of Religion 36.2: 112–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Atwood, Christopher P. 2004. “Validation by Holiness or Sovereignty: Religious Toleration as Political Theology in the Mongol World Empire of the Thirteenth Century.” International History Review 23.2: 237–56.Google Scholar
Barnes, Linda L. 2005. Needles, Herbs, Gods, and Ghosts: China, Healing, and the West to 1848. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baṭṭūṭa/Gibb. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
Bausani, A. 1968. “Religion under the Mongols.” In CHI5, 538–49.Google Scholar
Bira, Sh. 2003. “Mongolian Tenggerism and Modern Globalism: A Retrospective Outlook on Globalisation.” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 14: 312.Google Scholar
Biran, Michal. 2005. The Empire of the Qara Khitai in Eurasian History: Between China and the Islamic World. New York.Google Scholar
Buyandelger, Manduhai. 2013. Tragic Spirits: Shamanism, Memory, and Gender in Contemporary Mongolia. Chicago.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Calhoun, Craig, Juergensmeyer, Mark, and Joseph, van Antwerpen. 2011. Rethinking the Secular. New York.Google Scholar
Yüan, Ch’ên. 1966. Western and Central Asians in China under the Mongols: Their Transformation into Chinese, tr. Ch’ien Hsing-hai and L. Carrington Goodrich. Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Chidester, David. 2014. Empire of Religion: Imperialism and Comparative Religion. Chicago.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cho, Wonhee. 2014. “The Mongol Rule of Taoists and Buddhists in Southern China: A Comparative Review.” Unpublished paper presented at Mobility, Empire, and Cross-cultural Contacts in Mongolia Eurasia, Hebrew University, June 30, 2014.Google Scholar
Cleaves, F. W. 1955. “On the Historicity of the Balǰuna Covenant.” HJAS 18: 357421.Google Scholar
Cleaves, F. W. 1992. “The Rescript of Qubilai Prohibiting the Slaughtering of Animals by Slitting the Throat.” Journal of Turkish Studies 16: 6789.Google Scholar
Dardess, John W. 1973. Conquerors and Confucians: Aspects of Political Change in Late Yüan China. New York.Google Scholar
Dardess, John W. 1983. Confucianism and Autocracy: Professional Elites in the Founding of the Ming Dynasty. Berkeley.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Rachewiltz, Igor. 1962. “The Hsi-yu lu by Yeh-Lü Ch’u-Ts’ai.” Monumenta Serica 21: 1128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Rachewiltz, Igor 1971. Papal Envoys to the Great Khans. London.Google Scholar
de Rachewiltz, Igor 1972. Index to the Secret History of the Mongols. Bloomington, IN.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeWeese, Devin. 1978. “The Influence of the Mongols on the Religious Consciousness of Thirteenth Century Europe.” Mongolian Studies 5: 4178.Google Scholar
DeWeese, Devin 1994. Islamization and Native Religion in the Golden Horde: Baba Tükles and Conversion to Islam in Historical and Epic Tradition. University Park.Google Scholar
DeWeese, Devin 2004. “Problems of Islamization in the Volga–Ural Region: Traditions about Berke Khan.” In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Islamic Civilisation in the Volga–Ural Region, Kazan, 8–11 June 2001, ed. Ali Çaksu and Radik Mukhammetshin, 313. Istanbul.Google Scholar
DeWeese, Devin 2014. “‘Alā’ ad-dawla as-Simnānī’s Religious Encounters at the Mongol Court Near Tabriz.” In Politics, Patronage and the Transmission of Knowledge in 13th–15th Century Tabriz, ed. Pfeiffer, Judith, 3576. Leiden.Google Scholar
Dubuisson, Daniel. 2003. The Western Construction of Religion: Myths, Knowledge, and Ideology, tr. W. Sayers. Baltimore.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunnell, Ruth W. 1992. “The Hsia Origins of the Yüan Institution of Imperial Preceptor.” Asia Major 5: 85111.Google Scholar
Dunnell, Ruth W. 1996. The Great State of White and High: Buddhism and State Formation in Eleventh-Century Xia. Honolulu.Google Scholar
Elverskog, Johan. 2003. The Jewel Translucent Sūtra: Altan Khan and the Mongols in the Sixteenth Century. Leiden.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elverskog, Johan 2006. Our Great Qing: The Mongols, Buddhism, and the State in Late Imperial China. Honolulu.Google Scholar
Elverskog, Johan 2007. “The Mongolian Big Dipper Sūtra,” Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 29.1: 87124.Google Scholar
Elverskog, Johan 2010. Buddhism and Islam on the Silk Road. Philadelphia.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elverskog, Johan 2013. “Fuzzy Pluralism: The Case of Buddhism and Islam.” Common Knowledge 19.3: 506–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Endicott-West, Elizabeth. 2000. “Notes on Shamans, Fortune-Tellers, and Yin–Yang Practitioners and Civil Administration in Yüan China.” In The Mongol Empire & Its Legacy, ed. Reuven Amitai-Preiss and David O. Morgan, 224–39. Leiden.Google Scholar
Fiey, Jean Maurice. 1975. Chrétiens syriaques sous les mongols. Louvain.Google Scholar
Franke, Herbert. 1967. “Eine Mittelalterliche chinesische Satire auf die Mohammedaner.” In Der Orient in der Forschung: Festschrift für Otto Spies zum 5 April 1966, ed. Wilhelm Hoenerbach, 202–8. Wiesbaden.Google Scholar
Franke, Herbert 1981. “Tibetans in Yüan China.” In China under Mongol Rule, ed. John D. Langlois Jr., 326–28. Princeton.Google Scholar
Franke, Herbert 1994. “A Note on the Multilinguality in China under the Mongols: The Compilers of the Revised Buddhist Canon, 1285–87.” In Opuscala Altaica: Essays Presented in Honor of Henry Schwarz, ed. Edward H. Kaplan and Donald W. Whisenhunt, 286–98. Bellingham, WA.Google Scholar
Franke, Herbert 1996. Chinesischer und Tibetischer Buddhismus im China der Yüanzeit. Munich.Google Scholar
Gentry, James. 2010. “Representations of Efficacy: The Ritual Expulsion of Mongol Armies in the Consolidation and Expansion of Tsang (Gtsang) Dynasty.” In Tibetan Ritual, ed. José Ignacio Cabezón, 131–64. New York.Google Scholar
George-Tvrtković, Rita. 2012. A Christian Pilgrim in Medieval Iraq: Riccoldo da Montecroce’s Encounter with Islam. Turnhout.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gorski, Philip, Kim, David Kyuman, Torpey, John, and Joseph, van Antwerpen. 2012. The Post-secular in Question: Religion in Contemporary Society. New York.Google Scholar
Green, Nile. 2012. Sufism: A Global History. West Sussex.Google Scholar
Grupper, Samuel M. 2004. “The Buddhist Sanctuary-Vihara of Labnasagut and the Il-Qan Hülegü: An Overview of Il-Qanid Buddhism and Related Matters.” AEMA 13: 578.Google Scholar
Halperin, Charles J. 1985. Russia and the Golden Horde: The Mongol Impact on Medieval Russian History. Bloomington, IN.Google Scholar
Hassan, Perween. 1993. “The Footprint of the Prophet.” Muqarnas 10: 335–43.Google Scholar
Humphrey, Caroline, and Onon, Urgunge. 1996. Shamans and Elders: Experience, Knowledge, and Power among the Daur Mongols. Oxford.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HWC. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
Inaba, Shoju. 1975. “An Introductory Study on the Degeneration of Lamas: A Genealogical and Chronological Note on the Imperial Preceptors in the Yüan Dynasty.” In A Study of Klesa: A Study of Impurity and the Purification in the Oriental Religions, ed. G. H. Sasaki, 1957. Tokyo.Google Scholar
Isahaya, Yoichi. 2009. “History and Provenance of the Chinese Calendar in the Zīj-i Īlkhānī.” Tarikh-e Elm: Iranian Journal for the History of Science 8: 1944.Google Scholar
Isahaya, Yoichi 2013. “The Tārīkh-i Qitā in the Zīj-i Īlkhānī: The Chinese Calendar in Persian.” SCIAMVS: Sources and Commentaries in Exact Sciences 14: 149258.Google Scholar
Jackson, Peter. 2005a. “The Mongols and the Faith of the Conquered.” In Mongols, Turks and Others: Eurasian Nomads and the Sedentary World, ed. Amitai-Preiss, Reuven and Biran, Michal, 245–90. Leiden.Google Scholar
Jackson, Peter 2005b. The Mongols and the West 1211–1410. Harlow.Google Scholar
Jahn, Karl. 1965. Rashid al-Din’s History of India. The Hague.Google Scholar
Jan, Yün-hua. 1982. “Chinese Buddhism in Ta-tu: Situation, The New and New Problems.” In Yüan Thought: Chinese Thought and Religion under the Mongols, ed. Hok-lam Chan and Wm. Theodore de Bary, 375418. New York.Google Scholar
Jensen, Lionel M. 1998. Manufacturing Confucianism: Chinese Traditions and Universal Civilizations. Durham.Google Scholar
Josephson, Jason Ananda. 2012. The Invention of Religion in Japan. Chicago.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
JT/Boyle. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
Kapstein, Matthew T. 2011. “The Dialectic of Eternal Heaven: A Tibetan Defense of Mongol Imperial Religion.” In Mahāmudrā and the Kagyü Tradition, ed. Kapstein, Matthew T. and Jackson, Roger, 259316. Andiast.Google Scholar
Kara, György. 2009. Dictionary of Sonom Gara’s Erdeni-yin Sang: A Middle Mongol Version of the Tibetan Sa skya Legs bshad. Leiden.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, Richard. 1999. Orientalism and Religion: Post-colonial Theory, India, and the “the Mystic East.” New York.Google Scholar
Lane, George. 2003. Early Mongol Rule in Thirteenth-Century Iran: A Persian Renaissance. London.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lerner, Robert E. 1983. The Powers of Prophecy: The Cedar of Lebanon Vision from the Mongol Onslaught to the Dawn of the Enlightenment. Berkeley.Google Scholar
Linrothe, Robert. 2009. “The Commissioner’s Commission: Late-Thirteenth-Century Tibetan and Chinese Buddhist Art in Hangzhou.” In Buddhism between Tibet and China, ed. Kapstein, Matthew T., 7396. Somerville.Google Scholar
Little, Donald P. 1975. “Did Ibn Taymiyya Have a Screw Loose?Studia Islamica 41: 93111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, Ts’un-yan, and Berling, Judith. 1982. “The ‘Three-Teachings’ in the Mongol Yüan Period.” In Yüan Thought: Chinese Thought and Religion under the Mongols, ed. Hok-lam Chan and Wm. Theodore de Bary, 479512. New York.Google Scholar
Lopez, Donald S., Jr. 1995. Curators of the Buddha: The Study of Buddhism under Colonialism. Chicago.Google Scholar
McMahan, David L. 2008. The Making of Buddhist Modernism. New York.Google Scholar
Masuzawa, Tomoko. 2005. The Invention of World Religions. Chicago.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
May, Timothy. 2012. The Mongol Conquests in World History. London.Google Scholar
Menon, Muhammad U. 1976. Ibn Taimīya’s Struggle against Popular Religion. The Hague.Google Scholar
Michot, Jean R. 1991. “Musique et danse selon Ibn Taymiyya: Le Livre du Samaʿ et de la Danse (Kitab alʾSama ʿwaʾl-Raqs)” compilé par le shaykh Muḥammad al-Manbijī. Paris.Google Scholar
Michot, Yahya. 1994. “Textes spirituels d’Ibn Taymiyya: xi. Mongols et Mamlûks: L’état du monde musulman vers 709/1310.” Le musulman 24: 2631.Google Scholar
Michot, Yahya 1995a. “Textes spirituels d’Ibn Taymiyya: xii. Mongols et Mamlûks: L’état du monde musulman vers 709/1310 (suite).” Le musulman 25: 2530.Google Scholar
Michot, Yahya 1995b. “Textes spirituels d’Ibn Taymiyya: xiii. Mongols et Mamlûks: L’état du monde musulman vers 709/1310 (fin).” Le musulman 26: 2530.Google Scholar
Moin, A. Azfar. 2012. The Millennial Sovereign: Sacred Kingship & Sainthood in Islam. New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mostaert, Antoine, and Cleaves, Francis W.. 1952. “Trois documents mongols des Archives secrètes vaticanes.” HJAS 15: 419506.Google Scholar
Mullaney, T. S., Leibold, J. P., Gros, S., and Vanden Bussche, E. A.. 2012. Critical Han Studies: The History, Representation, and Identity of China’s Majority. Berkeley.Google Scholar
Muller, A. Charles. 2015. Korea’s Great Buddhist–Confucian Debate: The Treatises of Chŏng Tojŏn (Sambong) and Hamhŏ Tǔkt’ong (Kihwa). Honolulu.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nongbri, Brent. 2013. Before Religion: A History of a Modern Concept. New Haven.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olbricht, Peter, and Pinks, Elisabeth. 1980. Meng-Ta pei-lu und Hei-Ta shih lüeh: Chinesische Gesandtenberichte über die frühen Mongolen 1221 und 1237. Wiesbaden.Google Scholar
Olesen, Niels Henrik. 1991. Culte des saints et pélerinage chez Ibn Taymiyya. Paris.Google Scholar
Pedersen, Morten Axel. 2011. Not Quite Shamans: Spirit Worlds and Political Lives in Northern Mongolia. Ithaca.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perlmann, Moshe. 1971. Ibn Kammūna’s Examination of the Three Faiths: A Thirteenth-Century Essay in the Comparative Study of Religion. Berkeley.Google Scholar
Pfeiffer, Judith. 1999. “Conversion Versions: Sultan Öljeytü’s Conversion to Shi‘ism (709/1309) in Muslim Narrative Sources.” Mongolian Studies 22: 3567.Google Scholar
Pfeiffer, Judith 2006. “Reflections on a ‘Double Rapprochement’: Conversion to Islam among the Mongol Elite of the Early Ilkhanate.” In Beyond the Legacy of Chinggis Khan, ed. Komaroff, Linda, 369–89. Leiden.Google Scholar
Pfeiffer, Judith 2014. “Confessional Ambiguity vs. Confessional Polarization: Politics and the Negotiation of Religious Boundaries in the Ilkhanate.” In Politics, Patronage and the Transmission of Knowledge in 13th–15th Century Tabriz, ed. Judith Pfeiffer, 129–68. Leiden.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carpini, Plano, John of. 1966. Mission to Asia: Narratives and Letters of the Franciscan Missionaries in Mongolia and China in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries, ed. Christopher Dawson. New York.Google Scholar
Polo, Marco. 1976. The Description of the World, tr. A. C. Moule and Paul Pelliot, 2 vols. New York.Google Scholar
Poppe, Nicholas. 1957. The Mongolian Monuments in hP’ags-pa Script. Wiesbaden.Google Scholar
Prazniak, Roxann. 2014. “Ilkhanid Buddhism: Traces of a Passage in Eurasian History.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 56.3: 650–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raff, Thomas. 1973. Remarks on an Anti-Mongol Fatwa by Ibn Taimiya. Leiden.Google Scholar
Rashīd al-Dīn, , Faḍlallāh. 1980. Die Indiengeschichte des Rasid ad-Din, tr. Karl Jahn. Vienna.Google Scholar
Richard, Jean. 1967. “La conversion de Berke et les debuts de l’islamisation de la horde d’or.” Revue des Études Islamiques 35: 173–84.Google Scholar
Ristuccia, Nathan J. 2013. “Eastern Religions and the West: The Making of an Image.” History of Religions 53.2: 170204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, David. 2009. Empire’s Twilight: Northeast Asia under the Mongols. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Rossabi, Morris. 1988. Khubilai Khan: His Life and Times. Berkeley.Google Scholar
Rossabi, Morris 1992. Voyager from Xanadu: Rabban Sauma and the First Journey from China to the West. New York.Google Scholar
Roux, J. P. 1984. La religion des turcs et des mongols. Paris.Google Scholar
Schopen, Gregory. 1982. “Hīnayāna Texts in a 14th Century Persian Chronicle.” CAJ 26: 228–35.Google Scholar
SH. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
Smith, Jonathan Z. 1998. “Religion, Religions, Religious.” In Critical Terms for Religious Studies, ed. Taylor, Mark, 269–84. Chicago.Google Scholar
Sperling, Elliott. 1987. “Lama to the King of Hsia.” Journal of the Tibet Society 7: 3150.Google Scholar
Sperling, Elliott 1990. “Hülegü and Tibet.” AOH 44: 145–57.Google Scholar
Strassberg, Richard E. 1994. Inscribed Landscapes: Travel Writing from Imperial China. Berkeley.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strenski, Ivan. 2015. Understanding Theories of Religion: An Introduction. Oxford.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sun, Anna. 2013. Confucianism as a World Religion: Contested Histories and Contemporary Realities. Princeton.Google Scholar
Sun, K’o-k’uan. 1981. “Yü Chi and Southern Taoism during the Yüan Period.” In China under Mongol Rule, ed. Langlois, John D., 212–53. Princeton.Google Scholar
Thiel, Joseph. 1961. “Der Streit der Buddhisten und Taoisten zur Mongolenzeit.” Monumenta Serica 20: 181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomson, Robert W. 1989. “The Historical Compilation of Vardan Arewelc’i.” Dumbarton Oaks Papers 43: 125226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tomášková, Silvia. 2013. Wayward Shamans: The Prehistory of an Idea. Berkeley.Google Scholar
Tuttle, Gray. 2005. Tibetan Buddhists in the Making of Modern China. New York.Google Scholar
van der Kuijp, Leonard W. J. 2004. The Kālacakra and the Patronage of Buddhism by the Mongol Imperial Family. Bloomington, IN.Google Scholar
Vasantkumar, Chris. 2012. “What Is This ‘Chinese’ in Overseas Chinese? Sojourn Work and the Place of China’s Minority Nationalities in Extraterritorial Chineseness.” Journal of Asian Studies 71.2: 423–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vogelin, Eric. 1940–1941. “Mongol Orders of Submission to European Powers, 1245–1255.Byzantion 15: 378411.Google Scholar
Waley, Arthur. 1931. The Travels of an Alchemist. London.Google Scholar
Walters, Jonathan S. 1998. Finding Buddhists in Global History. Washington, DC.Google Scholar
William of Rubruck, . 1990. The Mission of Friar William: His Journey to the Court of the Great Khan Möngke 1253–1255, tr. Peter Jackson. London.Google Scholar
Woodside, Alexander. 2006. Lost Modernities: China, Vietnam, Korea and the Hazards of World History. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, Chün-fang. 1982. “Chun-feng Ming-pen and Ch’an Buddhism in the Yüan.” In Yüan Thought: Chinese Thought and Religion under the Mongols, ed. Hok-lam Chan and Wm. Theodore de Bary, 419–78. New York.Google Scholar
, Chün-fang 2001. Kuan-yin: The Chinese Transformation of Avalokitesvara. New York.Google Scholar

Bibliography

Allsen, Thomas T. 1996. “Biography of a Cultural Broker.” In The Court of the Il-Khans, 1290–1340, ed. Raby, Julian and Fitzherbert, Teresa, 719. Oxford.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 2001. Culture and Conquest in Mongol Eurasia. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 2009. “Mongols as Vectors for Cultural Transmission.” In The Cambridge History of Inner Asia: The Chingissid Age, ed. Cosmo, Nicola Di, Frank, Allen J., and Golden, Peter B., 135–54. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Amitai-Preiss, Reuven. 2014. “Hülegü and His Wise Men.” In Politics, Patronage, and the Transmission of Knowledge in 13th–15th Century Tabriz, ed. Pfeiffer, Judith, 1534. Leiden and Boston.Google Scholar
Anderson, Eugene, and Buell, Paul. 2000. A Soup for the Qan. London.Google Scholar
Armijo-Hussein, Jacqueline. 1997. “Sayyid ‘Ajall Shams al-Din: A Muslim from Central Asia, Serving the Mongols in China and Bringing Civilization.” Harvard University PhD dissertation.Google Scholar
Balodis, Franz A. 1926. “Alt-Sarai und Neu-Sarai, die Hauptstädte der Goldenen Horde.Latvijas universitātes raksti 13: 382.Google Scholar
Baṭṭūṭa/Gibb. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
Bloom, Jonathan. 2001. Paper before Print: The History and Impact of Paper in the Islamic World. New Haven.Google Scholar
Bemmann, Jan, Erdenebat, Ulambayar, and Pohl, Ernst. 2010. Mongolian–German Karakorum Expedition, vol. 1. Wiesbaden.Google Scholar
Berlekamp, Persis. 2010. “The Limits of Artistic Exchange in Fourteenth-Century Tabriz: The Paradox of Rashid al-Din’s Book on Chinese Medicine.” Muqarnas 27: 209–50.Google Scholar
Bosworth, C. E. 2014. “K̲h̲wārazm.” In EI2, online ed.Google Scholar
Brentjes, Sonja. 1991. “On Some Theorems to Elementary Number Theory by Kamal al-Din al-Farisi.” Pakistan Archaeology 26.2: 96107.Google Scholar
Brentjes, Sonja 1998. “On the Persian Transmission of Euclid’s Elements.” In La science dans le monde iranien: À l’époque Islamique, ed. Vesel, Živa, Beikbaghan, H., and Bertrand Thierry de Crussol, 7394. Tehran.Google Scholar
Buell, Paul. 2007. “How Did Persian and Other Western Medical Knowledge Move East, and Chinese West? A Look at the Role of Rashīd al-Dīn and Others.” Asian Medicine 3: 279–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
al-Bukhārī, Mīrak. 1974. Sharḥ Ḥikmat al-ʿayn, ed. Jaʿfar Zāhidī. Mashhad.Google Scholar
Chan, Hok-lam. 1967. “Liu Ping-chung 劉秉忠 (1216–74): a Buddhist–Taoist Statesman at the Court of Khubilai Khan.” T’oung Pao 53.1–3: 98146.Google Scholar
Chemla, Karine. 1994. “Similarities between Chinese and Arabic Mathematical Writings: (I) Root Extraction.” Arabic Sciences and Philosophy 4: 207–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, Bangzhan 陳邦瞻, comp. 1979. Yuan shi jishi benmo 元史紀事本末 (Record of the History of the Yuan from Beginning to End). Beijing.Google Scholar
Chen, Gaohua 陳高華. 2010. Yuan Dadu Shangdu yanjiu 元大都上都硏究 (Research on Dadu and Shangdu in Yuan Times). Beijing.Google Scholar
Ch’en, Yuan. 1966. Western and Central Asians in China under the Mongols, tr. Ch’ien Hsing-hai and L. C. Goodrich. Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Chŏng, Inji 鄭麟趾. 1909. Koryŏsa 高麗史 (History of Koryŏ). Tokyo.Google Scholar
Comes, Mercè. 2004. “The Possible Scientific Exchange between the Courts of Hulaghu of Maragha and Alphonse 10th of Castille.” In Sciences, techniques et instruments dans le monde iranien, ed. Pourjavady, Nasrallah and Vesel, Živa, 2950. Tehran.Google Scholar
Comes, Mercè 2007. “Muḥyī al‐Milla wa‐ʾl‐Dīn Yaḥyā Abū ʿAbdallāh ibn Muḥammad ibn Abī al‐Shukr al‐Maghribī al‐Andalusī.” In The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers, ed. Hockey, Thomas et al., 548–49. New York.Google Scholar
Dallal, Ahmad, ed., trans., and comm. 1995. An Islamic Response to Greek Astronomy. Leiden, Boston, and Cologne.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gregg, De Young. 2001. “The Ashkāl al-ta’sīs of al-Samarqandī: A Translation and Study.Zeitschrift für Geschichte der arabisch-islamischen Wissenschaften 14: 57117.Google Scholar
Gregg, De Young 2006. “Quṭb al-Dīn al-Shīrāzī and His Persian Translation of Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī’s Taḥrīt uṣūl Uqlīdus.” Farhang 20: 1775.Google Scholar
Dreyer, J. L. E. 1906. A History of Astronomy from Thales to Kepler. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Fazlıoğlu, İhsan. 2003. “Osmanlı felsefe-biliminin arkaplanı: Semerkand matematik-astronomi okulu.” Dîvân İlmî Arastırmalar, 14: 1–66. English translation: “The Samarqand Mathematical–Astronomical School: A Basis for Ottoman Philosophy and Science.” Journal for the History of Arabic Science 14: 368.Google Scholar
Fazlıoğlu, İhsan 2007a. “Kamāl al‐Dīn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿUthmān ibn Ibrāhīm ibn Muṣṭafā al‐Māridīnī al‐Turkmānī al‐Ḥanafī.” In The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers, ed. Hockey, Thomas et al., 609. New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fazlıoğlu, İhsan 2007b. “Shams al‐Dīn Muḥammad ibn Ashraf al‐Ḥusaynī al‐Samarqandī.” In The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers, ed. Hockey, Thomas et al., 1008. New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foust, Clifford. 1992. Rhubarb: The Wondrous Drug. Princeton.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Franke, Herbert. 1970. “Additional Notes on Non-Chinese Terms in the Yuan Imperial Dietary Compendium Yin-shan Cheng-yao.” Zentralasiatische Studien 4: 716.Google Scholar
Haddad, Fuad, and Kennedy, E. S. 1971. “Geographical Tables of Medieval Islam.” al-Abḥāth 24: 87100.Google Scholar
Hasse, Dag Nikolaus. 2000. “Mosul and Frederick ii Hohenstaufen: Notes on Atīraddīn al-Abharī and Sirāğaddīn al-Urmawī.” In Occident et Proche-Orient: Contacts scientifiques au temps des croisades, ed. Draelants, Isabelle, Tihon, Anne, and Baudouin, van den Abeele, 145–63. Turnhout.Google Scholar
Ho, Peng-yoke. 1969. “The Astronomical Bureau in Ming China.” Journal of Asian History 3.2: 137–57.Google Scholar
Hymes, Robert. 1987. “Not Quite Gentlemen? Doctors in Sung and Yuan.” Chinese Science 8: 976.Google Scholar
ʿArabshāh, Ibn, ibn Muḥammad, Aḥmad, ed. ʿAlī Muḥammad ʿUmar. 1979. ʿAjā’ib al-maqdūr fī nawā’ib Tīmūr. Cairo.Google Scholar
Isahaya, Yoichi. 2020. “Fu Mengzhi: ‘The Sage of Cathay’ in Mongol Iran and Astral Sciences along the Silk Roads.” In Along the Silk Roads in Mongol Eurasia: Generals, Merchants, and Intellectuals, ed. Michal Biran, Jonathan Brack, and Francesca Fiaschetti, 238–54. Berkeley.Google Scholar
Jackson, Peter. 2005. The Mongols and the West: 1221–1410. Harlow.Google Scholar
Kauz, Ralph. 2013. “Some Notes on the Geographical and Cartographical Impacts from Persia to China.” In Eurasian Influences on Yuan China, ed. Rossabi, Morris, 159–67. Singapore.Google Scholar
Ke, Shaomin 柯劭忞. 1962–1969. Xin Yuan shi 新元史 (New Yuan History). In Ershi wushi 二十五史 (Twenty-Five Dynastic Histories). Taipei.Google Scholar
Kennedy, E. S. 1964. “The Chinese–Uighur Calendar as Described in the Islamic Sources.” Isis 55: 435–43.Google Scholar
King, David, and Julio, Samsó with Goldstein, Bernard R 2001. “Astronomical Handbooks and Tables from the Islamic World (750–1900): An Interim Report.” Suhayl 2: 9105.Google Scholar
Klein-Franke, Felix. 1998. “Rashīd al-Dīn and the Tansūqnāma.Muséon 111: 427–45.Google Scholar
Lambton, Ann. 1999. “The Āthār wa-Aḥyā’ of Rashīd al-Dīn.” In The Mongol Empire and Its Legacy, ed. Amitai-Preiss, Reuven and Morgan, David, 126–54. Leiden.Google Scholar
Langermann, Y. Tzvi. 2011. “Science in the Jewish Communities of the Byzantine Cultural Orbit: New Perspectives.” In Science in the Medieval Jewish Communities, ed. Freudenthal, Gad, 438–53. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Lévy, Tony. 1992. “Gersonide, commentateur d’Euclide.” In Studies on Gersonides, a Fourteenth-Century Jewish Philosopher–Scientist, ed. Freudenthal, Gad, 83147. Leiden.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lo, Vivienne, and Wang, Yidan. 2013. “A comparative study of Rashīd al-Dīn’s Tanksūqnāma and Its Chinese sources.” In Rashīd Al-Dīn: Agent and Mediator of Cultural Exchanges in Ilkhanid Iran, ed. Ronit Yoeli-Tlalim, Charles Burnett, Anna Akasoy, and Warburg Institute, 127–72. London and Turin.Google Scholar
Mimura, Taro. 2013. “Quṭb al-Dīn Shīrāzī’s Medical Work, al-Tuḥfa al-Saʿdiyya (Commentary on vol. 1 of Ibn Sīnā’s al-Qānūn fī al-Ṭibb) and Its Sources.” Tarikh-e Elm 10.2: 113.Google Scholar
Minorsky, V., and Minovi, M.. 1940. “Naṣīr al-Dīn Ṭūsī on Finance.” BSOAS 20: 755–89.Google Scholar
Morgan, D. O. 2014. “Ras̲h̲īd al-Dīn Ṭabīb.” In EI2, online ed.Google Scholar
Morrison, Robert G. 2007. Islam and Science: The Intellectual Career of Niẓām al-Dīn al-Nīsābūrī. London and New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morrison, Robert G. 2014. “A Scholarly Intermediary between the Ottoman Empire and Renaissance Europe.” Isis 105: 3257.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mozaffari, S. Mohammad. 2013. “Wābkanawī’s Prediction and Calculations of the Annular Solar Eclipse of 30 January 1283.” Historia Mathematica 40: 235–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mozaffari, S. Mohammad 2014. “Muḥyī al-Dīn al-Maghribī’s Lunar Measurements at the Maragha Observatory.” Archive for History of the Exact Sciences 68: 67120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mozaffari, S. Mohammad, and Zotti, Georg. 2012. “Ghazan Khan’s Astronomical Innovations at Marāgha Observatory.” JAOS 132: 395425.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Needham, Joseph. 1961. Science and Civilisation in China, vol. 1. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Neubauer, E. 2012. “Ṣafī al-Dīn al-Urmawī”, EI2 online ed.Google Scholar
North, John. 2008. Cosmos: An Illustrated History of Astronomy and Cosmology. Chicago and London.Google Scholar
Olschki, Leonardo. 1946. Guillaume Boucher: A French Artist at the Court of the Khans. Baltimore.Google Scholar
Park, Hyunhee. 2012. Mapping the Chinese and Islamic Worlds: Cross-cultural Exchange in Pre-modern Asia. Cambridge and New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Park, Hyunhee 2013. “Cross-cultural Exchange and Geographic Knowledge of the World in Yuan China.” In Eurasian Influences on Yuan China, ed. Morris Rossabi, 125–58. Singapore.Google Scholar
Pfeiffer, Judith. 2006. “Reflections on a ‘Double Rapprochement’: Conversion to Islam among the Mongol Elite during the Early Ilkhanate.” In Beyond the Legacy of Genghis Khan, ed. Komaroff, Linda, 369–89. Leiden.Google Scholar
Ragep, F. Jamil (with Hans Daiber). 1993. Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī’s Memoir on Astronomy (al-Tadhkira fī ʿilm al-hayʾa), edition, translation, commentary and introduction, 2 vols. New York.Google Scholar
Ragep, F. Jamil 2000. “Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī.” In EI 2, 10: 750–52.Google Scholar
Ragep, F. Jamil 2005. “ʿAlī Qushjī and Regiomontanus: Eccentric Transformations and Copernican Revolutions.Journal for the History of Astronomy 36.4: 359–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ragep, F. Jamil 2014. “New Light on Shams: The Islamic Side of ΣᾺΜΨ ΠΟΥΧΆΡΗΣ.” In Politics, Patronage, and the Transmission of Knowledge in 13th–15th Century Tabriz, ed. Pfeiffer, Judith, 231–47. Leiden and Boston.Google Scholar
Ragep, Sally. 2007. “Sharaf al‐Dīn Maḥmūd ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿUmar al-Jaghmīnī al‐Khwārizmī.” In The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers, ed. Hockey, Thomas et al., 584–85. New York.Google Scholar
Rashed, Roshdi. 2008. “Kamāl Al-Dīn Abu’l Ḥasan Muḥammad Ibn al-Ḥasan Al-Fārisī.” In Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography, vol. 7, 212–19. Detroit.Google Scholar
Rashīd al-Dīn, Faḍlallāh. 1971. Die Chinageschichte des Rašid ad-Din: Übersetzung, Kommentar, Facsimiletafeln 3, tr. Karl Jahn. Vienna.Google Scholar
Rossabi, Morris. 1981. “The Muslims in the Early Yuan Dynasty.” In China under Mongol Rule, ed. John Langlois, 257–95. Princeton.Google Scholar
Rossabi, Morris 1988. Khubilai Khan: His Life and Times. Berkeley.Google Scholar
Sabra, A. I. 2007. “The Commentary That Saved the Text.” Early Science and Medicine 12: 117–33.Google Scholar
Saliba, George. 1983. “An Observational Notebook of a Thirteenth‐Century Astronomer.” Isis 74: 388401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saliba, George 1984. “Arabic Astronomy and Copernicus.” Zeitschrift für Geschichte der arabisch-islamisch Wissenschaften 1: 7387.Google Scholar
Saliba, George 1994. A History of Arabic Astronomy: Planetary Theories during the Golden Age of Islam. New York.Google Scholar
Saliba, George 2007. Islamic Science and the Making of the European Renaissance. Cambridge, MA.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sayılı, Aydin. 1960. The Observatory in Islam. Ankara.Google Scholar
Sayılı, Aydin 1981. The Observatory in Islam. New York.Google Scholar
Schamiloglu, Uli. 1993. “Preliminary Remarks on the Role of Disease in the History of the Golden Horde.” Central Asian Survey 12.4: 447–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schottenhammer, Angela. 2013. “Huihui Medicine and Medicinal Drugs.” In Eurasian Influences on Yuan China, ed. Rossabi, Morris, 75102. Singapore.Google Scholar
Sen, Tansen. 2006. “The Yuan Khanate and India: Cross-cultural Diplomacy in the 13th and 14th Centuries.” Asia Major, ser. 3 19.1–2: 299326.Google Scholar
SH. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
Shi, Yunli. 2003. “The Korean Adaptation of the Chinese–Islamic Astronomical Tables.” Archive for the History of the Exact Sciences, 57: 2560.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shinno, Reiko. 2007. “Medical Schools and the Temples of the Three Progenitors in Yuan China: A Case of Cross-cultural Interactions.” HJAS 67.1: 89133.Google Scholar
Shinno, Reiko 2016. The Politics of Chinese Medicine under Mongol Rule. London.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sivin, Nathan. 2009. Granting the Seasons: The Chinese Astronomical Reform of 1280. New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, John Masson. 2000. “Dietary Decadence and Dynastic Decline in the Mongol Empire.” Journal of Asian History 34.1: 3552.Google Scholar
Spuler, Bertold. 1943. Die goldene horde: Die Mongolen in Russland: 1223–1502. Leipzig.Google Scholar
Steinhardt, Nancy. 1983. “The Plan of Khubilai Khan’s Imperial City.” Artibus Asiae 44.2–3: 137–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steinhardt, Nancy 1988. “Imperial Architecture along the Mongolian Road to Dadu.” Ars Orientalis 18: 5993.Google Scholar
Steinhardt, Nancy 2013. “Eurasian Impacts on the Yuan Observatory in Haocheng.” In Eurasian Influences on Yuan China, ed. Rossabi, Morris, 103–24. Singapore.Google Scholar
Tihon, Ann. 2008. “Chioniades, George (or Gregory).” In Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography, vol. 20, 120–22. Detroit.Google Scholar
Benno, van Dalen. 1999. “Tables of Planetary Latitude in the Huihui Li (ii).” In Current Perspectives in the History of Science in East Asia, ed. Yung Sik Kim and Francesca Bray, 316–29. Seoul.Google Scholar
Benno, van Dalen 2000. “A Non-Ptolemaic Islamic Star Table in Chinese.” In Sic Itur ad Astra, ed. Folkerts, Menso and Lorch, Richard, 147–76. Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Benno, van Dalen 2002. “Islamic and Chinese Astronomy under the Mongols: A Little-Known Case of Transmission.” In From China to Paris: 2000 Years Transmission of Mathematical Ideas, ed. Yvonne Dold-Samplonius, Joseph W. Dauben, Menso Folkerts, and Benno, van Dalen, 327–56. Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Benno, van Dalen 2004. “The Activities of Iranian Astronomers in Mongol China.” In Sciences, techniques, et instruments dans le monde Iranien; X–XIX siècle, ed. Pourjavady, Nasrallah and Vesel, Živa, 1728. Tehran.Google Scholar
Benno, van Dalen 2007. “Zhamaluding: Jamāl al‐Dīn Muḥammad ibn Ṭāhir ibn Muḥammad al‐Zaydī al‐Bukhārī.” In Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers, ed. Hockey, Thomas et al., 1262–63. New York.Google Scholar
Benno, van Dalen, Kennedy, E. S., and Saiyid, Mustafa K. 1997. “The Chinese–Uighur Calendar in Ṭūsī’s Zīj-i Īlkhānī.” Zeitschrift fūr arabisch-islamischen Wissenschaften 11: 111–52.Google Scholar
Josef, van Ess. 1981. Der Wesir und seine Gelehrten. Wiesbaden.Google Scholar
Joseph, von Hammer-Purgstall. 1840. Der Goldenen Horde in Kiptschak, das ist: Der Mongolen in Russland. Pesth.Google Scholar
Waley, Arthur. 1931. The Travels of an Alchemist. London.Google Scholar
Yabuuti, K. 1987. “The Influence of Islamic Astronomy in China.” In From Deferent to Equant, ed. King, David and Saliba, George, 547–59. New York.Google Scholar
Yang, Qiao. 2017. “From the West to the East, from the Sky to the Earth: A Biography of Jamāl al-Dīn.” Asiatische Studien/Études asiatiques 71.4: 1231–45.Google Scholar
Yano, Michio, ed. and trans. 1997. Kūšyar ibn Labbān: Introduction to Astrology. Tokyo.Google Scholar

Bibliography

Allan, W. J. 1985. The History of So-Called Egyptian Faience in Islamic Persia. London.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 1997. Commodity and Exchange in the Mongol Empire: A Cultural History of Islamic Textiles. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 2002. Technician Transfers in the Mongolian Empire. Bloomington, IN.Google Scholar
Belting, Hans. 2011. Florence and Baghdad: Renaissance Art and Arab Science, tr. Deborah Lucas Schneider. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Bemmann, Jean. 2010. Mongolian–German Karakorum-Expedition, vol. 1, Excavations in the Craftsmen-Quarter at the Main Road. Wiesbaden.Google Scholar
Bemmann, Jean, et al., eds. 2009. Current Archaeological Research in Mongolia. Bonn.Google Scholar
Benedict the Pole, . 2008. “The Narrative of Brother Benedict the Pole.” In The Mongol Mission, ed. Dawson, Christopher, 79–84. New York.Google Scholar
Biran, Michal. 1997. Qaidu and the Rise of the Independent Mongol State in Central Asia. Richmond.Google Scholar
Blair, Sheila S. 1986. “The Mongol Capital of Sultaniyya, the Imperial.” Iran 24: 139–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blair, Sheila S. 1995. A Compendium of Chronicles: Rashid al-Din’s Illustrated History of the World. New York.Google Scholar
Blair, Sheila S. 2014. Text and Image in Medieval Persian Art. Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Bloom, Johnathan. 2000. “The Introduction of Paper to the Islamic Lands and the Development of the Illustrated Manuscript.” Muqarnas 17: 1723.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bloom, Johnathan 2006. “Paper: The Transformative Medium in Ilkhanid Art.” In Beyond the Legacy of Genghis Khan, ed. Linda Komaroff, 289302. Leiden.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyle, John A. 1968. “Dynastic and Political History of the Ilkhans.” In CHI5, 303–421.Google Scholar
Boyle, John A. 1977. “Literary Cross-fertilization between East and West.” Bulletin (British Society for Middle Eastern Studies) 4.1: 3236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cahill, James. 1994. The Painter’s Practice: How Artists Lived and Worked in Traditional China. New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cantelli, Giuseppe. 1996. Storia dell’oreficeria e dell’arte tessile in Toscana: Dal medioevo all’eta moderna. Florence.Google Scholar
Charleux, Isabelle. 2010. “From Ongon to Icon: Legitimization, Glorification and Divinization of Power in Some Examples of Mongol Portraits.” In Representing Power in Ancient Inner Asia: Legitimacy, Transmission and the Sacred, ed. Roberte Hamayon, Isabelle Charleux, Gregory Delaplace, and Scott Pearce, 209–61. Bellingham, WA.Google Scholar
Cooperson, Michael. 2001. “Images without Illustrations: The Visual Imagination in Classical Arabic Biography.” In Islamic Art and Literature, ed. Oleg Grabar and Cynthia Robinson, 719. Princeton.Google Scholar
Cowen, Jill Sanchia. 1989. Kalila wa Dimna: An Animal Allegory of the Mongol Court. The Istanbul Album. Oxford.Google Scholar
Durand-Guedy, David, ed. 2013. Turko-Mongol Rulers, Cities and City Life. Leiden.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elverskog, Johan. 2010. Buddhism and Islam on the Silk Road. Philadelphia.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finlay, Robert. 2010. The Pilgrim Art: Cultures of Porcelain in World History. Berkeley.Google Scholar
Franke, Herbert. 1950. “Two Yuan Treatises on the Technique of Portrait Painting.” Oriental Art 3.1: 2732.Google Scholar
Geijer, Agnes. 1963. “Some Thoughts on the Problems of Early Oriental CarpetsArs Orientalis 5: 7987.Google Scholar
Grabar, Oleg, and Natif, Mika. 2003. “The Story of Portraits of the Prophet Muhammad.” Studia Islamica 96: 19–38 and Figures 4–9.Google Scholar
Grupper, Samuel M. 2004. “The Buddhist Sanctuary-Vihara of Labnasagut and the Il-Qan Hulegu: An Overview of Il-Qanid Buddhism and Related Matters.” AEMA 13: 577.Google Scholar
Hillenbrand, Robert. 2006. “Erudition Exalted: The Double Frontispiece to the Epistles of the Sincere Brethren.” In Beyond the Legacy of Genghis Khan, ed. Linda Komaroff, 183212. Leiden.Google Scholar
Hillenbrand, Robert 2011. “Propaganda in the Mongol ‘World History’.” British Academy Review 17: 2938.Google Scholar
Hoeniger, Cathleen S. 1991. “Cloth of Gold and Silver: Simone Martini’s Techniques for Representing Luxury Textiles.” Gesta 30.2: 154–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoffman, Eva R. 1993. “The Author Portrait in Thirteenth-Century Arabic Manuscripts: A New Islamic Context for a Late-Antique Tradition.” Muqarnas 10: 620.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baṭṭūṭa, Ibn 1957. Travels in Asia and Africa, 1325–1354, tr. H. A. R. Gibb. London.Google Scholar
Jacoby, David. 2010. “Oriental Silks Go West: A Declining Trade in the Later Middle Ages.” In Islamic Artifacts in the Mediterranean World: Trade, Gift Exchange and Artistic Transfer, ed. Catarina Schmidt Arcangeli and Gerhard Wolfin, 7188. Venice.Google Scholar
Jacoby, David 2014. “Cypriot Gold Thread in Late Medieval Silk Weaving and Embroidery.” In Deeds Done beyond the Sea: Essays on William of Tyre, Cypress and the Military Orders presented to Peter Edbury, ed. Susan B. Edgington and Helen J. Nicholson. Farnham.Google Scholar
Jacoby, David 2016. “Oriental Silks at the Time of the Mongols: Patterns of Trade and Distribution in the West.” In Oriental Silks in Medieval Europe, ed. Juliane von Fircks, Regula Schorta, and Michael Alram, 92123. Riggisberg.Google Scholar
Jing, Anning. 1994. “The Portraits of Khubilai Khan and Chabi by Anige (1245–1306), a Nepali Artist at the Yuan Court.” Artibus Asiae 54.1–2: 4086.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jing, Anning 2004. “Financial and Material Aspects of Tibetan Art under the Yuan Dynasty.” Artibus Asiae 64.2: 213–41.Google Scholar
John of Plano Carpini, . 1996. The Story of the Mongols Whom We Call the Tartars, tr. Erik Hildinger. Boston.Google Scholar
Juliano, Annette L. 2006. “Chinese Pictorial Space at the Cultural Crossroads.” In Eran ud Aneran: Studies Presented to Boris Ill′ie Marsak on the Occasion of His 70th Birthday, ed. Compareti, Matteo, Raffetta, Paolo, and Scarcia, Gianroberto, 301–5. Venice.Google Scholar
Jungeon, Oh, Leo. 2005. “Islamicised Pseudo-Buddhist Iconography in Ilkhanid Royal Manuscripts.” Persica 20: 91154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kadoi, Yuka. 2009. Islamic Chinoiserie: The Art of Mongol Iran. Edinburgh.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Komaroff, Linda, ed. 2006. Beyond the Legacy of Genghis Khan. Leiden.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kramarovsky, Mark G. 1992. “The New Style of Filigree in the Mongol Era: A Problem of Provenance.” In Foundations of Empire: Archaeology and Art of the Eurasian Steppes, ed. Gary Seaman, 191200. Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Lach, Donald F. 1970. Asia in the Making of Europe, vol. 2, A Century of Wonder, book 1, The Visual Arts. Chicago.Google Scholar
Lee, Sherman E. 1968. “The Art of the Yüan Dynasty.” In Chinese Art under the Mongol Yüan Dynasty (1279–1368), ed. Lee, Sherman E. and Wai-kam, Ho, 172. Cleveland.Google Scholar
McCausland, Shane. 2003. “‘Like the Gossamer Thread of a Spring Silkworm’: Gu Kaizhi in the Yuan Renaissance.” In Gu Kaizhi and the Admonitions Scroll, ed. Shane McClausland, 168–82. London.Google Scholar
McCausland, Shane 2011. Zhao Mengfu: Calligraphy and Painting for Khubilai’s China. Hong Kong.Google Scholar
McCausland, Shane 2014. The Mongol Century: Visual Cultures of Yuan China, 1271–1368. Honolulu.Google Scholar
Marshak, Boris. 1992. “The Style of Filigree in the Mongol Era: Pan-Eurasian Affinities.” In Foundations of Empire: Archaeology and Art of the Eurasian Steppes, ed. Gary Seaman, 184–90. Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Masuya, Tomoko. 2013. “Seasonal Capitals with Permanent Buildings in the Mongol Empire.” In Turko-Mongol Rulers, Cities and City Life, ed. David Durand-Guédy, 223–56. Leiden.Google Scholar
Meoni, Maria Luisa, Luzi, Mario, and Muzzi, Francesco. 2005. Utopia and Reality in Ambrogio Lorenzetti ’s Good Government. Florence.Google Scholar
Monnas, Lisa. 1993. “Dress and Textiles in the St. Louis Altarpiece: New Light on Simone Martini’s Working Practice.” Apollo 137: 166–74.Google Scholar
Nasr, Seyyed Hossein. 1969. “‘The World of Imagination’ and the Concept of Space in Persian Miniatures.” Islamic Quarterly 13: 129–34.Google Scholar
Perkinson, Stephen. 2008. “Likeness, Loyalty, and the Life of the Court Artist: Portraiture in the Calendar Scenes of the Très Riches Heures.” Quaerendo 38.23: 142–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prazniak, Roxann. 2010. “Siena on the Silk Roads: Ambrogio Lorenzetti and the Mongol Global Century, 1250–1350.” Journal of World History 21.2: 177217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prazniak, Roxann 2014. “Ilkhanid Buddhism: Traces of a Passage in Eurasian History.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 56.3: 650–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rice, D. S. 1959. “The Oldest Illustrated Arabic Manuscript.” BSOAS 22.2: 207–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, Cynthia. 2001. “The Lover, His Lady, Her Lady, and a Thirteenth-Century Celestina: A Recipe for Love Sickness from al-Andalus.” In Islamic Art and Literature, ed. Oleg Grabar and Cynthia Robinson, 79115. Princeton.Google Scholar
Seckel, Dietrich. 1993. “The Rise of Portraiture in Chinese Art.” Artibus Asiae 53.1–2: 726.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smine, Rima E. 1993. “The Miniatures of a Christian Arabic Barlaam and Joasaph: Balamand 147.” Parole de l’Orient 43: 171229.Google Scholar
Soucek, Priscilla P. 1972. “Nizami on Painters and Painting.” In Islamic Art in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, ed. Ettinghausen, Richard, 921. New York.Google Scholar
Soudavar, Abolala. 1996. “The Saga of Abu-Saʿid Bahador Khan: The Abu-Saʿidname.” In The Court of the Il-Khans, 1290–1340, ed. Raby, J. and Fitzherbert, T., 95218. Oxford.Google Scholar
State Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg. 2001. “The Treasure of the Golden Horde.” Atwww.hermitagemuseum.org/wps/portal/hermitage/what-s-on/temp_exh/1999_2013/hm4_1_p/?lng= (accessed June 15, 2021).Google Scholar
Steinhardt, Nancy Shatzman. 1988. “Imperial Architecture along the Mongolian Road to Dadu.” Ars Orientalis 18: 5993.Google Scholar
Sun, Zhixin Jason. 2010. “Dadu: Great Capital of the Yuan Dynasty.” In The World of Khubilai Khan: Chinese Art in the Yuan Dynasty, ed. James C. Y. Watt, 4163. New York.Google Scholar
Tanaka, Hidemichi. 1984. “Giotto and the Influences of the Mongols and Chinese on His Art.” Art History 6: 115.Google Scholar
Tanaka, Hidemichi 1989. “Oriental Script in the Paintings of Giotto’s Period.” Gazette des beaux-arts 6.113: 214–26.Google Scholar
Vainker, S. J. 1991. Chinese Pottery and Porcelain. London.Google Scholar
Vesely, Rudolf. 2008. “When Is It Possible to Call Something Beautiful? Some Observations about Aesthetics in Islamic Literature and Art.Mamlūk Studies Review 12.2: 223–29.Google Scholar
Wardwell, Anne E. 1988–1989. “Panni Tartarici: Eastern Islamic Silks Woven with Gold and Silver (13th and 14th Centuries).” Islamic Art: An Annual Dedicated to the Art and Culture of the Muslim World 3: 95173.Google Scholar
Watson, Oliver. 1985. Persian Lustre Ware. London and Boston.Google Scholar
Watson, Oliver. 2006. “Pottery under the Mongols.” In Beyond the Legacy of Genghis Khan, ed. Linda Komaroff, 325–45. Leiden.Google Scholar
Watt, James C. Y. 2010. “The Decorative Arts.” In The World of Khubilai Khan: Chinese Art in the Yuan Dynasty, ed. James C. Y. Watt, 269–99. New York.Google Scholar
Watt, James C. Y., and Anne Wardwell, . 1997. When Silk Was Gold: Central Asian and Chinese Textiles. New York.Google Scholar
Wieck, Roger S. 1991. “The Savoy Hours and Its Impact on Jean, Duc de Berry.” Yale University Library Gazette 66: 159–80.Google Scholar
Wieck, Roger S. 1997. Painted Prayers: The Book of Hours in Medieval and Renaissance Art. New York.Google Scholar
William of Rubruck. 1990. The Mission of Friar William of Rubruck, tr. Peter Jackson, ed. David Morgan. London.Google Scholar
Yamabe, Nobuyoshi. 2002. “Practice of Visualization and the Visualization Sutra.” Pacific World 4: 123–52.Google Scholar

Bibliography

Agatova, A. R., Nazarov, A. N, Nepopo, R. K., and Rodnight, H.. 2012. “Holocene Glacier Fluctuations and Climate Changes in the Southeastern Part of the Russian Altai (South Siberia) Based on a Radiocarbon Chronology.” Quaternary Science Reviews 43: 7493.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 1983. “Prelude to the Western Campaigns: Mongol Military Operations in the Volga–Ural region, 1217–1237.” AEMA 3: 524.Google Scholar
Bai, Ying, and Kung, James Kai-sing. 2011. “Climate Shocks and Sino-Nomadic Conflict.” Review of Economics and Statistics 93.3: 970–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Biran, Michal. 2005. The Empire of the Qara Khitai in Eurasian History: Between China and the Islamic World. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Boroffka, N. G. O., et al. 2005. “Human Settlements on the Northern Shores of Lake Aral and Water Level Changes.” Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 10.1: 7185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buell, Paul D. 1979. “The Role of the Sino-Mongolian Frontier Zone in the Rise of Cinggis-Qan.” Proceedings of the First North American Conference on Mongolian Studies, Western Washington University, 6376. Bellingham, WA.Google Scholar
Buell, Paul D., and Fiaschetti, Francesca. 2018. Historical Dictionary of the Mongol World Empire. Blue Ridge Summit.Google Scholar
Büntgen, Ulf, and Cosmo, Nicola Di. 2016. “Climatic and Environmental Aspects of the Mongol Withdrawal from Hungary in 1242 ce.” Scientific Reports 6: 25606.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Büntgen, Ulf, Myglan, Vladimir S., Ljungqvist, Fredrik Charpentier, McCormick, Michael, Cosmo, Nicola Di, Sigl, Michael, Jungclaus, Johann, et al. 2016. “Cooling and Societal Change during the Late Antique Little Ice Age from 536 to around 660 ad.” Nature Geoscience 9.3: 231–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, Fahu, Huang, Xiaozhong, Jiawu Zhang, J. A. Holmes, and Chen, Jianhui. 2006. “Humid Little Ice Age in Arid Central Asia Documented by Bosten Lake, Xinjiang, China.” Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences 49.12: 1280–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, Fahu, Zicheng, Yu, Yang, Meilin, Ito, Emi, Sumin Wang, David B. Madsen, Xiaozhong Huang, et al. 2008. “Holocene Moisture Evolution in Arid Central Asia and Its out-of-Phase Relationship with Asian Monsoon History.” Quaternary Science Reviews 27.3–4: 351–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, Fa-Hu, Chen, Jian-Hui, Holmes, Jonathan, Boomer, Ian, Patrick Austin, John B. Gates, Ning-Lian Wang, Stephen J. Brooks, and Jia-Wu Zhang. 2010. “Moisture Changes over the Last Millennium in Arid Central Asia: A Review, Synthesis and Comparison with Monsoon Region.” Quaternary Science Reviews 29.7–8: 1055–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, J. H., Chen, F. H., Zhang, E. L., Brooks, S. J., Zhou, A. F., and Zhang, J. W.. 2009. “A 1000-Year Chironomid-Based Salinity Reconstruction from Varved Sediments of Sugan Lake, Qaidam Basin, Arid Northwest China, and Its Palaeoclimatic Significance.” Chinese Science Bulletin 54: 3749–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, Jianhui, Chen, Fahu, Feng, Song, Huang, Wei, Liu, Jianbao, and Zhou, Aifeng. 2015. “Hydroclimatic Changes in China and Surroundings during the Medieval Climate Anomaly and Little Ice Age: Spatial Patterns and Possible Mechanisms.” Quaternary Science Reviews 107: 98111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, Qiang. 2014. “Climate Shocks, Dynastic Cycles and Nomadic Conquests: Evidence from Historical China.” Oxford Economic Papers 67.2: 185204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chernykh, Dmitry V., Galakhov, Vladimir P., and Zolotov, Dmitry V.. 2013. “Synchronous Fluctuations of Glaciers in the Alps and Altai in the Second Half of the Holocene.” The Holocene 23.7: 1074–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chu, Guoqiang, Qing Sun, Xiaohua Wang, Meimei Liu, Yuan Lin, Manman Xie, Wenyu Shang, and Liu, Jiaqi. 2011. “Seasonal Temperature Variability during the past 1600 Years Recorded in Historical Documents and Varved Lake Sediment Profiles from Northeastern China.” The Holocene 22.7: 785–92.Google Scholar
Cleaves, Francis Woodman. 1955. “The Historicity of the Baljuna Covenant.” HJAS 18.3–4: 357421.Google Scholar
Dangal, Shree R. S., Tian, Hanqin, Chaoqun, Lu, Ren, Wei, Pan, Shufen, Yang, Jia, Cosmo, Nicola Di, and Hessl, Amy. 2017. “Integrating Herbivore Population Dynamics into a Global Land Biosphere Model: Plugging Animals into the Earth System.” Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 9.8: 2920–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
D’Arrigo, Rosanne, et al. 2001. “1738 Years of Mongolian Temperature Variability Inferred from a Tree‐Ring Width Chronology of Siberian Pine.” Geophysical Research Letters 28.3: 543–46.Google Scholar
Davi, N. K., G. C. Jacoby, A. E. Curtis, and N. Baatarbileg. 2006. “Extension of Drought Records for Central Asia Using Tree Rings: West-Central Mongolia.” Journal of Climate 19.2: 288–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davi, Nicole K., Rosanne D’Arrigo, G. C. Jacoby, Edward R. Cook, Kevin J. Anchukaitis, Baatarbileg Nachin, Rao, Mukund Palat, and Leland, C.. 2015. “A Long-Term Context (931–2005 ce) for Rapid Warming over Central Asia.” Quaternary Science Reviews 121: 8997.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Demkin, V. A., Yakimov, A. S., Alekseev, A. O., Kashirskaya, N. N., and El′tsov, M. V.. 2006. “Paleosol and Paleoenvironmental Conditions in the Lower Volga Steppes during the Golden Horde Period (13th–14th Centuries ad).” Eurasian Soil Science 39.2: 115–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cosmo, Di, Nicola. 2014–2015. “Why Qara Qorum? Climate and Geography in the Early Mongol Empire.” AEMA 21: 6778.Google Scholar
Esper, Jan, Schweingruber, Fritz H., and Winiger, Matthias. 2002. “1300 Years of Climatic History for Western Central Asia Inferred from Tree-Rings.The Holocene 12.3: 267–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feng, Z-D., Wu, H. N., Zhang, C. J., Ran, M., and Sun, A. Z.. 2013. “Bioclimatic Change of the Past 2500 Years within the Balkhash Basin, Eastern Kazakhstan, Central Asia.” Quaternary International 311: 6370.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fohlmeister, Jens, Plessen, Birgit, Dudashvili, Alexey Sergeevich, Tjallingii, Rik, Wolff, Christian, Gafurov, Abror, and Cheng, Hai. 2017. “Winter Precipitation Changes during the Medieval Climate Anomaly and the Little Ice Age in Arid Central Asia.” Quaternary Science Reviews 178: 2436.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fukumoto, Yu, Kaoru Kashima, A. Orkhonselenge, and U. Ganzorig. 2012. “Holocene Environmental Changes in Northern Mongolia Inferred from Diatom and Pollen Records of Peat Sediment.” Quaternary International 254: 8391.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ge, Quansheng, and Wenxiang, Wu. 2011. “Climate during the Medieval Climate Anomaly in China.” PAGES News 19: 2426.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halperin, Charles J. 1987. Russia and the Golden Horde: The Mongol impact on Medieval Russian History. Bloomington, IN.Google Scholar
He, Yuxin, Zhao, Cheng, Wang, Zheng, Wang, Huanye, Song, Mu, Liu, Weiguo, and Liu, Zhonghui. 2013. “Late Holocene Coupled Moisture and Temperature Changes on the Northern Tibetan Plateau.” Quaternary Science Reviews 80: 4757.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Helama, Samuli, Huhtamaa, Heli, Verkasalo, Erkki, and Alar, Läänelaid. 2017. “Something Old, Something New, Something Borrowed: New Insights to Human–Environment Interaction in Medieval Novgorod Inferred from Tree Rings.” Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 13: 341–50.Google Scholar
Huang, Xiaozhong, Peng, Wei, Natalia Rudaya, Eric C. Grimm, Xuemei Chen, Cao, Xianyong, Zhang, Jun, et al. 2018. “Holocene Vegetation and Climate Dynamics in the Altai Mountains and Surrounding Areas.” Geophysical Research Letters 45.13: 6628–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huhtamaa, Heli. 2015. “Climatic Anomalies, Food Systems, and Subsistence Crises in Medieval Novgorod and Ladoga.” Scandinavian Journal of History 40.4: 562–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hymes, Robert. 2016. “Epilogue: A Hypothesis on the East Asian Beginnings of the Yersinia pestis Polytomy.” Medieval Globe 1.1: 285308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Illius, A. W., and O’ Connor, T. G.. 2000. “Resource Heterogeneity and Ungulate Population Dynamics.” Oikos 89.2: 283–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jenkins, Gareth. 1974. “A Note on Climatic Cycles and the Rise of Chinggis Khan.” CAJ 18.4: 217–26.Google Scholar
Jin, Heling, Zhizhu, Su, Sun, Liangying, Sun, Zhong, Zhang, Hong, and Jin, Liya. 2004. “Holocene Climatic Change in Hunshandake Desert.” Chinese Science Bulletin 49.16: 1730–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vasaru, Koskela, Mervi. 2012. “Bjarmaland and Interaction in the North of Europe from the Viking Age until the Early Middle Ages.” Journal of Northern Studies 6.2: 3758.Google Scholar
Kremenetski, K. V., Boettger, T., MacDonald, G. M., Vaschalova, T., Sulerzhitsky, L., and Hiller, A.. 2004. “Medieval Climate Warming and Aridity as Indicated by Multiproxy Evidence from the Kola Peninsula, Russia.” Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 209.1–4: 113–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krivonogov, S. K., Burr, G. S., Kuzmin, Y. V., Gusskov, S. A., Kurmanbaev, R. K., Kenshinbay, T. I., and Voyakin, D. A.. 2014. “The Fluctuating Aral Sea: A Multidisciplinary-Based History of the Last Two Thousand Years.” Gondwana Research 26.1: 284300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lan, Jianghu, Hai, Xu, Sheng, Enguo, Keke, Yu, Huixian, Wu, Zhou, Kangen, Yan, Dongna, Yuanda, Ye, and Wang, Tianli. 2018. “Climate Changes Reconstructed from a Glacial Lake in High Central Asia over the Past Two Millennia.” Quaternary International 487: 4353.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leland, Caroline, Pederson, Neil, Hessl, Amy, Nachin, Baatarbileg, Davi, Nicole, Rosanne D’Arrigo, and Jacoby, Gordon. 2013. “A Hydroclimatic Regionalization of Central Mongolia as Inferred from Tree Rings.” Dendrochronologia 31.3: 205–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, Jie, Mackay, Anson W., Zhang, Yan, and Jingjing, Li. 2013. “A 1000-Year Record of Vegetation Change and Wildfire from Maar Lake Erlongwan in Northeast China.” Quaternary International 290: 313–21.Google Scholar
Liu, Weiguo, Liu, Zhonghui, Zhisheng, An, Wang, Xulong, and Chang, Hong. 2011. “Wet Climate during the ‘Little Ice Age’ in the Arid Tarim Basin, Northwestern China.” The Holocene 21.3: 409–16.Google Scholar
Liu, Xiaohong, Shao, Xuemei, Zhao, Liangju, Qin, Dahe, Chen, Tuo, and Ren, Jiawen. 2007. “Dendroclimatic Temperature Record Derived from Tree-Ring Width and Stable Carbon Isotope Chronologies in the Middle Qilian Mountains, China.” Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 39.4: 651–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ma, Jinzhu, and Michael Edmunds, W.. 2006. “Groundwater and Lake Evolution in the Badain Jaran Desert Ecosystem, Inner Mongolia.” Hydrogeology Journal 14.7: 1231–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ma, Long, Jinglu, Wu, Hong, Yu, Haiao, Zeng, and Abuduwaili, Jilili. 2011. “The Medieval Warm Period and the Little Ice Age from a Sediment Record of Lake Ebinur, Northwest China.” Boreas 40.3: 518–24.Google Scholar
Mackay, Anson W., Ryves, D. B., Battarbee, R. W., Flower, R. J., Jewson, D., Rioual, P., and Sturm, M.. 2005. “1000 Years of Climate Variability in Central Asia: Assessing the Evidence Using Lake Baikal (Russia) Diatom Assemblages and the Application of a Diatom-Inferred Model of Snow Cover on the Lake.” Global and Planetary Change 46.1–4: 281–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Molnár, Ádám. 1994. Weather-Magic in Inner Asia. Bloomington, IN.Google Scholar
Myglan, Vladimir S., Ch. Oidupaa, O., and Vaganov, E. A.. 2012. “A 2367-Year Tree-Ring Chronology for the Altai–Sayan Region (Mongun-Taiga Mountain Massif).” Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia 40.3: 7683.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Novenko, Elena Y., Tsyganov, Andrey N., Rudenko, Olga V., Volkova, Elena V., Zuyganova, Inna S., Babeshko, Kirill V., Olchev, Alexander V., Losbenev, Nikolai I., Payne, Richard J., and Mazei, Yuri A.. 2016. “Mid-and Late-Holocene Vegetation History, Climate and Human Impact in the Forest–Steppe Ecotone of European Russia: New Data and a Regional Synthesis.” Biodiversity and Conservation 25.12: 2453–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oberhänsli, Hedi, Boroffka, Nikolaus, Sorrel, Philippe, and Krivonogov, Sergey. 2007. “Climate Variability during the Past 2,000 Years and Past Economic and Irrigation Activities in the Aral Sea Basin.” Irrigation and Drainage Systems 21.3–4: 167–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pederson, Neil, Hessl, Amy E., Nachin Baatarbileg, Kevin J. Anchukaitis, and Cosmo, Nicola Di. 2014. “Pluvials, Droughts, the Mongol Empire, and Modern Mongolia.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111.12: 4375–79.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pederson, Neil, Jacoby, Gordon C., D’Arrigo, Rosanne D., Cook, Edward R., Buckley, Brendan M., Dugarjav, Chultemiin, and Mijiddorj, R.. 2001. “Hydrometeorological Reconstructions for Northeastern Mongolia Derived from Tree Rings: 1651–1995.” Journal of Climate 14.5: 872–81.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pederson, , Neil, C. Leland, Baatarbileg Nachin, Hessl, A. E., Bell, A. R., Dario Martin-Benito, T. Saladyga, B. Suran, Brown, P. M., and Davi, Nicole K.. 2013. “Three Centuries of Shifting Hydroclimatic Regimes across the Mongolian Breadbasket.” Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 178: 1020.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pei, Qing, Lee, Harry F., Zhang, David D., and Fei, Jie. 2019. “Climate Change, State Capacity and Nomad–Agriculturalist Conflicts in Chinese History.” Quaternary International 508: 3642.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pei, Qing, and Zhang, David. 2014. “Long-Term Relationship between Climate Change and Nomadic Migration in Historical China.” Ecology and Society 19.2: 68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Putnam, Aaron E., Putnam, David E., Laia Andreu-Hayles, Edward R. Cook, Jonathan G. Palmer, Elizabeth H. Clark, Chunzeng Wang et al. 2016. “Little Ice Age Wetting of Interior Asian Deserts and the Rise of the Mongol Empire.” Quaternary Science Reviews 131: 3350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Qiang, Mingrui, Fahu, Chen, Jiawu, Zhang, Shangyu, Gao, and Aifeng, Zhou. 2005. “Climatic Changes Documented by Stable Isotopes of Sedimentary Carbonate in Lake Sugan, Northeastern Tibetan Plateau of China, since 2 kaBP.” Chinese Science Bulletin 50.17: 1930–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ren, Guoyu. 1998. “Pollen Evidence for Increased Summer Rainfall in the Medieval Warm Period at Maili, Northeast China.” Geophysical Research Letters 25.11: 1931–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rösch, Manfred, Fischer, Elske, and Tanja, Märkle. 2005. “Human Diet and Land Use in the Time of the Khans: Archaeobotanical Research in the Capital of the Mongolian Empire, Qara Qorum, Mongolia.” Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 14.4: 485–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rudaya, Natalia, Tarasov, Pavel, Dorofeyuk, Nadezhda, Solovieva, Nadia, Kalugin, Ivan, Andreev, Andrei, Andrei Daryin et al. 2009. “Holocene Environments and Climate in the Mongolian Altai Reconstructed from the Hoton-Nur Pollen and Diatom Records: A Step towards Better Understanding Climate Dynamics in Central Asia.” Quaternary Science Reviews 28.5–6: 540–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schamiloglu, Uli. 2016. “Climate Change in Central Eurasia and the Golden Horde.” Zolotoordynskoe obozrenie 1: 624.Google Scholar
SH. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
Shinneman, Avery L. C., Umbanhowar, Charles E., Edlund, Mark B., and Soninkhishig, N.. 2010. “Late-Holocene Moisture Balance Inferred from Diatom and Lake Sediment Records in Western Mongolia.” The Holocene 20.1: 123–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solomina, Olga, and Alverson, Keith. 2004. “High Latitude Eurasian Paleoenvironments: Introduction and Synthesis.” Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 209.1–4: 118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solomina, Olga, Davi, Nicole, D’Arrigo, Rosanne, and Jacoby, Gordon. 2005. “Tree‐Ring Reconstruction of Crimean Drought and Lake Chronology Correction.” Geophysical Research Letters 32.19: 14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sorrel, Philippe, Popescu, S.-M., Head, M. J., Suc, Jean-Pierre, Klotz, Stephan, and Oberhänsli, H.. 2006. “Hydrographic Development of the Aral Sea during the last 2000 Years Based on a Quantitative Analysis of Dinoflagellate Cysts.” Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 234.2–4: 304–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vetter, Susanne. 2005. “Rangelands at Equilibrium and Non-equilibrium: Recent Developments in the Debate.” Journal of Arid Environments 62.2: 321–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woodruff, J. D., et al. 2015. “Depositional Evidence for the Kamikaze Typhoons and Links to Changes in Typhoon Climatology.” Geology 43.1: 9194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, Wenxiang, Quansheng, Ge, Jingyun, Zheng, Yang, Zhou, Ying, Hu. 2009. “Qihou bianhua yinsu zai Menggu xi zheng zhong de keneng zuoyong yanjiu 氣候變化因素在蒙古西征中的可能作用硏究” (Possible Role of Climate Change in the Mongol Westward Conquest). Quaternary Sciences 29.4: 724–29.Google Scholar
Yang, Bao, Wang, Jinsong, Bräuning, Achim, Dong, Zhibao, and Esper, Jan. 2009. “Late Holocene Climatic and Environmental Changes in Arid Central Asia.” Quaternary International 194.1–2: 6878.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, Yunpeng, Zhang, Dongliang, Lan, Bo, Abdusalih, Nurbay, and Feng, Zhaodong. 2019. “Peat δ13CCelluose-Signified Moisture Variations over the Past ∼ 2200 Years in the Southern Altai Mountains, Northwestern China.” Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 174: 5967.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, Dian, Jim, Chiyung, Lin, Chusheng, Yuanqing, He, and Lee, Fung. 2005. “Climate Change, Social Unrest and Dynastic Transition in Ancient China.” Chinese Science Bulletin 50.2: 137–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, Yan, Yang, Ping, Tong, Chuan, Liu, Xingtu, Zhang, Zhenqing, Wang, Guoping, and Meyers, Philip A.. 2018. “Palynological Record of Holocene Vegetation and Climate Changes in a High-Resolution Peat Profile from the Xinjiang Altai Mountains, Northwestern China.” Quaternary Science Reviews 201: 111–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, Yun, Kong, Zhao Chen, Yan, Shun, Yang, Zhen Jing, and Jian, Ni. 2009. “‘Medieval Warm Period’ on the Northern Slope of Central Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, NW China.Geophysical Research Letters 36.11, L11702.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bibliography

Allsen, Thomas T. 1983. “The Yüan Dynasty and the Uighurs of Turfan.” In China among Equals: The Middle Kingdom and Its Neighbors, 10th–14th Centuries, ed. Morris Rossabi, 243–80. Berkeley and Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Andrews, Peter Alford. 1999. Felt Tents and Pavilions: The Nomadic Tradition and Its Interaction with Princely Tentage, 2 vols. London.Google Scholar
Atwood, Christopher. 2004. Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York.Google Scholar
Babur, Zahir al-Din Muhammad. 1996. The Baburnama: Memoirs of Babur, Prince and Emperor, tr. W. M. Thackston. Washington, DC and New York.Google Scholar
Baṭṭūṭa/Gibb. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
Birge, Bettine. 1995. “Levirate Marriage and the Revival of Widow Chastity in Yüan China.” Asia Major 8.2: 107–46.Google Scholar
Birge, Bettine 2002. Women, Property, and Confucian Reaction in Sung and Yüan China (960–1368). Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birge, Bettine 2003. “Women and Confucianism from Song to Ming: The Institutionalization of Patrilineality.” In The Song–Yuan–Ming Transition in Chinese History, ed. Richard von Glahn and Paul Smith, 212–40. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Birge, Bettine 2017. Marriage and the Law in the Age of Khubilai Khan: Cases from the Yuan Dianzhang. Cambridge, MA.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broadbridge, Anne F. 2008. Kingship and Ideology in the Islamic and Mongol Worlds. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Broadbridge, Anne F. 2016. “Marriage, Family and Politics: The Ilkhanid–Oirat Connection.” In JRAS 26: 114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broadbridge, Anne F. 2018. Women and the Making of the Mongol Empire. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cai, Meibiao 蔡美彪. 1955. Yuandai baihua bei jilu 元代白話碑集錄 (Collection of Paihua Inscriptions in the Yuan Period). Beijing.Google Scholar
Cai, Meibiao 2012. “Tuolie gena hadun shishi kaobian 脫列哥那哈敦史事考辨” (Analysis of the historical events of Töregene Khatun). In Liao Jin Yuan shi kaosuo 遼金元史考索 (Investigation of the History of Liao, Jin and Yuan), by Cai Meibiao. Beijing.Google Scholar
Cleaves, Francis W. 1956. “The Biography of Bayan of the Bārin in the Yuan shih.” HJAS 19: 185303.Google Scholar
Cleaves, Francis W. 1960. “The Sino-Mongolian Inscription of 1240.” HJAS 23: 6275.Google Scholar
Dawson, Christopher. 1955. The Mongol Mission: Narratives and Letters of the Franciscan Missionaries in Mongolia and China in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries. New York.Google Scholar
Bruno, De Nicola. 2014. “The Queen of the Chagatayids: Orghīn Khātun and the Rule of Central Asia.” JRAS 25.1–2: 107–20.Google Scholar
Bruno, De Nicola 2017. Women in Mongol Iran: The Khatuns, 1206–1335. Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Ding, Xueyun 丁學芸. 1984. “Jianguo gongzhu tongyin yu Wanggu bu yicun 監國公主銅印與汪古部遺存” (The Seal of the Princess Regent and the Ancient Remains of the Önggüt Tribe). Neimenggu wenwu kaogu 內蒙古文物考古3: 103–8.Google Scholar
Ebrey, Patricia Buckley. 1993. The Inner Quarters: Marriage and the Lives of Chinese Women in the Sung Period. Berkeley.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farquhar, David M. 1985. “Female Officials in Yüan China.” Journal of Turkish Studies 9: 2125.Google Scholar
Farquhar, David M. 1990. The Government of China under Mongolian Rule: A Reference Guide. Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Holmgren, Jennifer. 1985. “The Economic Foundations of Virtue: Widow-Remarriage in Early and Modern China.” Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs 13: 127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holmgren, Jennifer 1986. “Observations on Marriage and Inheritance Practices in Early Mongol and Yüan Society, with Particular Reference to the Levirate.” Journal of Asian History 20.2: 127–92.Google Scholar
JT/Boyle. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
JT/Rawshan. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
JT/Thackston. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
Kessler, Adam T. 1993. Empires beyond the Great Wall: The Heritage of Genghis Khan. Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Ko, Dorothy. 2005. Cinderella’s Sisters: A Revisionist History of Footbinding. Berkeley.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, Yingsheng 劉迎勝. 2015. “‘Yuan shi, Taizongji’ Naimazhen huanghou jianguo bufen jianzheng 《元史·太宗紀》奶馬眞皇后監國部分箋證” (Examination of the Section on the Empress Dowager Naimajin in the Annals of Taicong of Yuan shi). Xibu Menggu luntan 西部蒙古論壇, 2: 313.Google Scholar
Miyawaki-Okada, Junko. 2001. “Women’s Property in the History of Nomadic Societies.” In Altaic Affinities, ed. Honey, David B. and David, C. Wright, 8289. Bloomington, IN.Google Scholar
Moule, A.C., and Pelliot, Paul. (1938) 1976. Marco Polo: The Description of the World. New York.Google Scholar
Mu’izz al-Ansāb. British Library OR 467.Google Scholar
Robinson, David M. 2009. Empire’s Twilight: Northeast Asia under the Mongols. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Rockhill, William, trans. 1967. The Journey of William of Rubruck to the Eastern Parts of the World, 1253–55, as Narrated by Himself. Nendeln, Liechtenstein.Google Scholar
Rossabi, Morris. 1979. “Khubilai Khan and the Women in His Family.” Studia Sino-Mongolica: Festschrift für Herbert Franke. Wiesbaden, 153–80.Google Scholar
Rossabi, Morris 1988. Khubilai Khan: His Life and Times. Berkeley.Google Scholar
Serruys, Henry. 1987. “Remains of Mongol Customs in China during the Early Ming Period.” Reprinted in The Mongols and Ming China: Customs and History, 137–90. London.Google Scholar
Tongzhi tiaoge. 2001. Tongzhi tiaoge jiaozhu 通制條格校注 (Tongzhi tiaoge, Punctuated and Annotated), ed. Linggui, Fang 方齡貴. Beijing.Google Scholar
Uno, Nobuhiro. 2009. “Exchange-Marriage in the Royal Families of Nomadic States.” In The Early Mongols: Language, Culture and History. Studies in Honor of Igor de Rachewiltz on the Occasion of his 80th Birthday, ed. Volker Rybatzki, Alessandra Pozzi, Peter W. Geier, and John R. Krueger, 175–82. Bloomington, IN.Google Scholar
Waley, Arthur, tr. 1931. The Travels of an Alchemist: The Journey of the Taoist Ch’ang-ch’un from China to the Hindukush at the Summons of Chingiz Khan, Recorded by his Disciple, Li Chih-Ch’ang. London.Google Scholar
Rubruck, William of. 1990. The Mission of Friar William of Rubruck: His Journey to the Court of the Great Khan Möngke, 1253–55, tr. Peter A. Jackson. London.Google Scholar
Wu, Pei-Yi. 2002. “Yang Miaozhen: A Woman Warrior in Thirteenth-Century China.” Nan Nü: Men, Women and Gender in Early and Imperial China 4.2: 137–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xi, Lei 喜蕾. 2003. Yuandai Gaoli gongnü zhidu yanjiu 元代高麗貢女制度硏究 (The System of Korean Tribute Women during Yuan Times). Beijing.Google Scholar
YS. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
Yuan dianzhang 元典章. 1976. Dayuan shengzheng guochao dianzhang 大元聖政國朝典章 (Statutes and Precedents of the Sacred Administration of the Great Yuan Dynastic State) (photo reprint of Yuan ed.). Taipei.Google Scholar
Zenkovsky, Serge A., and Jean Zenkovsky, Betty, trs. 1984. The Nikonian Chronicle. Princeton.Google Scholar
Zhao, George Qingzhi. 2008. Marriage as Political Strategy and Cultural Expression: Mongolian Royal Marriages from World Empire to Yuan Dynasty. New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, George Q., and Guisso, Richard W. L. 2005. “Female Anxiety and Female Power: Political Intervention by Mongol Empresses during the 13th and 14th Centuries in China.” In History and Society in Central and Inner Asia, ed. Michael Gervers, Uradyn E. Bulag, and Gillian Long, Toronto Studies in Central and Inner Asia 7: 1723.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×