Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T10:49:37.010Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Volume I Part 1 - Political History

from Volume I

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Edited by
Michal Biran  and
Hodong Kim
Michal Biran
Affiliation:
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Hodong Kim
Affiliation:
Seoul National University
Get access

Summary

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge History of the Mongol Empire , pp. 17 - 396
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bibliography

Akasoy, Anna, Burnett, Charles and Yoeli-Tlalim, Ronit, eds. 2013. Rashīd al-Dīn: Agent and Mediator of Cultural Exchanges in Ilkhanid Iran. London and Turin.Google Scholar
Alexeev, Valery P. 1991. “Some Aspects of the Study of Productive Forces in the Empire of Chenghiz Khan.” In Rulers from the Steppe: State Formation on the Eurasian Periphery, ed. Seaman, Gary and Marks, Daniel, 186–98. Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 1983a. “Prelude to the Western Campaigns: Mongol Military Operations in the Volga–Ural Region, 1217–1237.” AEMA 3: 5–24.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 1983b. “The Yüan Dynasty and the Uighurs of Turfan.” In Rossabi 1983, 243–80.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 1986. “Guard and Government in the Reign of the Grand Qan Möngke, 1251–59.” HJAS 46.2: 495–521.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 1987. Mongol Imperialism: The Policies of the Grand Qan Möngke in China, Russia, and the Islamic Lands. Berkeley, CA.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 1985–1987. “The Princes of the Left Hand: An Introduction to the History of the Ulus of Orda in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries.” AEMA 5: 5–40.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 1987–1991. “Mongols and North Caucasia.” AEMA 7: 5–40.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 1989. “Mongolian Princes and Their Merchant Partners, 1200–1260.” Asia Major, 3rd series 2.2: 83–126.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 1993. “Mahmūd Yalavač (?–1254) … ” In ISK, 122–29.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 1994. “The Rise of the Mongolian Empire.” In CHC6, 321–413.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 1996. “Spiritual Geography and Political Legitimacy in the Eastern Steppe.” In Ideology and the Formation of Early States, ed. Claessen, Henri J. M. and Oosten, Jarich G., 116–25. Leiden.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 1997a. Commodity and Exchange in the Mongol Empire. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 1997b. “Ever Closer Encounters: The Appropriation of Cultures and the Apportionment of Peoples in the Mongol Empire.” Journal of Early Modern History 1: 2–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 1999. Review of Muscovy and the Mongols: Cross-Cultural Influences on the Steppe Frontier, 1304–1589 by Donald Ostrowski. JRAS, third series 9.2: 301–3.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 2001a. Culture and Conquest in Mongol Eurasia. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 2001b. “Robing in the Mongolian Empire.” In Robes and Honor: The Medieval World of Investiture, ed. Gordon, Stewart, 305–13. New York.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 2001c. “Sharing out the Empire: Apportioned Lands under the Mongols.” In Khazanov and Wink 2001, 172–90.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 2011. “Imperial Posts, West, East and North: A Review Article.” AEMA 17.1: 237–76.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 2015. “Population Movements in Mongol Eurasia.” In Amitai and Biran 2015, 119–51.Google Scholar
Amitai, Reuven and Biran, Michal, eds. 2005. Mongols, Turks, and Others. Leiden and Boston.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amitai, Reuven and Biran, Michal eds. 2015. Nomads as Agents of Cultural Change: The Mongols and Their Eurasian Predecessors. Honolulu.Google Scholar
Amitai-Preiss, Reuven and Morgan, David O., eds. 1999. The Mongol Empire and Its Legacy. Leiden.Google Scholar
Tegen, Ao 敖特根. 2004. “Xi Xia Shazhou shoujiang Xili Gambu 西夏沙洲守將西里鈐部” (Xili Gambu, Garrison Commander at Shazhou in Xi Xia). Dunhuang xue jikan 敦煌學輯刊 1: 128–46.Google Scholar
Armijo-Hussein, J. M. 1997. “Sayyid ʿAjall Shams al-Din: A Muslim from Central Asia, Serving the Mongols in China, and Bringing ‘Civilization’ to Yunnan.” PhD thesis, Harvard University.Google Scholar
Atwood, Christopher. 2004a. Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York.Google Scholar
Atwood, Christopher 2004b. “Validation by Holiness or Sovereignty: Religious Toleration as Political Theology in the Mongol World Empire of the Thirteenth Century.” International History Review 26.2: 237–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Atwood, Christopher 2007a. “The Date of the Secret History of the Mongols Reconsidered.” JSYS 37: 1–48.Google Scholar
Atwood, Christopher 2007b. “Informants and Sources for the Secret History of the Mongols.” Mongolian Studies 29: 27–39.Google Scholar
Atwood, Christopher 2008. “How the Mongols Got a Word for Tribe – And What It Means.” Menggu shi yanjiu 蒙古史硏究 (Mongolian History) 10: 63–89.Google Scholar
Atwood, Christopher 2010. “The Notion of Tribe in Medieval China: Ouyang Xiu and the Shatuo Dynastic Myth.” In Miscellanea Asiatica: Mélange en l’honneur de Françoise Aubin, ed. Aigle, Denise, Charleux, Isabelle, Gossert, Vincent, and Hamayon, Roberte, 593–621. Sankt Augustin.Google Scholar
Atwood, Christopher 2012. “Six Pre-Chinggisid Genealogies in the Mongol Empire.” AEMA 19: 5–58.Google Scholar
Atwood, Christopher 2014. “The First Mongol Contacts with the Tibetans.” In Trails of the Tibetan Tradition: Papers for Elliot Sperling, ed. Vitali, Robert, 21–46. Dharamshala.Google Scholar
Atwood, Christopher 2014–2015. “Chikü Küregen and the Origin of the Xiningzhou Qonggirads.” AEMA 21: 7–26.Google Scholar
Atwood, Christopher 2015. “Imperial Itinerance and Mobile Pastoralism: State and Mobility in Medieval Inner Asia.” Inner Asia 17: 293–349.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aubin, Françoise. 1987. “The Rebirth of Chinese Rule in Times of Trouble: North China in the Early Thirteenth Century.” In Foundations and Limits of State Power in China, ed. Schram, Stuart, 113–46. Hong Kong.Google Scholar
Bai, Bin 白濱 and Shi, Jinbo 史金波. 1979. “Da Yuan Suzhoulu yeke daluhuachi shixi zhi bei 大元蘇州路也可達魯花赤世襲之碑 (The Suzhou Hereditary Darughachi Stele of the Great Yuan).” Minzu yanjiu 民族硏究 (Nationality Studies) 1: 68–80.Google Scholar
Barfield, Thomas J. 1989. The Perilous Frontier: Nomadic Empires and China, 221 bc to ad 1757. Oxford.Google Scholar
Hebraeus, Bar. 1932. The Chronography of Gregory Abûʿl Faraj, 1225–1286, the Son of Aaron, the Hebrew Physician, Commonly Known as Bar Hebraeus, tr. E. A. W. Budge, vol. 1. London. Available at http://rbedrosian.com/BH/bh62.htm.Google Scholar
Bartold, W. 1977. Turkestan Down to the Mongol Invasion, tr. Tatiana Minorsky, ed. Edmond Bosworth, C.. 4th ed. London.Google Scholar
Biran, Michal. 1997. Qaidu and the Rise of the Independent Mongol State in Central Asia. Surrey.Google Scholar
Biran, Michal 2005a. The Empire of the Qara Khitai in Eurasian History. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Biran, Michal 2005b. “True to Their Ways: Why the Qara Khitai Did Not Convert to Islam.” In Amitai and Biran 2005, 175–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Biran, Michal 2007. Chinggis Khan. Oxford.Google Scholar
Biran, Michal 2009. “Central Asia from the Conquest of Chinggis Khan to the Rise of Tamerlane: The Ögodeied and Chaghadaid Realms.” In CHIA, 46–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Biran, Michal 2013. “Rulers and City Life in Mongol Central Asia (1220–1370).” In Turko-Mongol Rulers, Cities and City Life, ed. Durand-Guédy, David, 257–79. Leiden and Boston.Google Scholar
Biran, Michal 2021. “The Mongols’ Imperial Space: From Universalism to Glocalization.” In Universality and Its Limits: Spatial Dimensions of Eurasian Empires, ed. Pines, Yuri, Biran, Michal, and Rüpke, Jörg, 220–56. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Bold, Bat-Ochir. 2001. Mongolian Nomadic Society. New York.Google Scholar
Boyle, J. A. 1961. “The Death of the Last ʿAbbasid Caliph: A Contemporary Muslim Account.” Journal of Semitic Studies 6.2: 145–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyle, J. A. 1970. “The Burial Place of the Great Khan Ögödei.” AOH 32: 45–50.Google Scholar
Boyle, J. A. 1972. “The Seasonal Residences of the Great Khan Ögödei.” CAJ 16: 125–31.Google Scholar
Broadbridge, Anne. 2018. Women and the Making of the Mongol Empire. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brose, Michael C. 2007. Subjects and Masters: Uyghurs in the Mongol Empire. Bellingham, WA.Google Scholar
Buell, Paul. 1979a. “The Role of the Sino-Mongolian Frontier Zone in the Rise of Cinggis-Qan.” In Studies on Mongolia, proceedings of the First North American Conference on Mongolian Studies, ed. Schwarz, Henry G., 63–76. Bellingham, WA.Google Scholar
Buell, Paul 1979b. “Sino-Khitan Administration in Mongol Bukhara.” Journal of Asian History 13.2: 121–51.Google Scholar
Buell, Paul 1992. “Early Mongol Expansion in Western Siberia and Turkestan (1207–1219): A Reconstruction.” CAJ 36.1–2: 1–32.Google Scholar
Buell, Paul 1993. “Sübötei Ba’atur,” “Činqai,” “Yeh-lü A-hai, Yeh-lü T’u-hua.” In ISK, 13–26, 95–111, 112–21.Google Scholar
Buell, Paul 1994. “Chinqai (ca. 1169–1252): Architect of Mongolian Empire.” In Opuscula Altaica: Essays Presented in Honor of Henry Schwarz, ed. Edward H. Kaplan and Donald Whisenhunt, 168–86. Bellingham, WA.Google Scholar
Buell, Paul 2007. “A Cautionary Tale: Činggis-qan as the Third Man.” Mongolian Studies 24: 57–68.Google Scholar
Buell, Paul and Kolbas, Judith. 2016. “The Ethos of State and Society in the Early Mongol Empire: Chinggis Khan to Güyük.” JRAS, 3rd series, 26.1–2: 43–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cai, Meibiao 蔡美彪. 1955. Yuandai bai hua bei ji lu 元代白話碑集錄 (A Collection of Yuan Dynasty Vernacular Stele Inscriptions). Beijing.Google Scholar
Chan, Hok-lam. 1993. “Wang E (1190–1273).” In ISK, 300–15.Google Scholar
CHC6. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
Cheng, Chih-Shu Eva. 1996. “Studies in the Career of Chinggis Qan.” PhD dissertation, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London.Google Scholar
Cherepnin, L. V. 1970. “Mongolo-Tatary na Rusi (xiii v.).” In Tataro-Mongoly v Azii i Evrope, ed. Tikhvinskii, S. L., 179–203. Moscow.Google Scholar
CHI5. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
CHIA. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
Christian, David. 1998. A History of Russia, Central Asia and Mongolia, vol. 1, Inner Asia from Prehistory to the Mongol Empire. Oxford.Google Scholar
Cleaves, Francis Woodman. 1955. “The Historicity of the Baljuna Covenant.” HJAS 18.3–4: 357–421.Google Scholar
Dai, Xizhang 戴錫章. 1924. Xi Xia ji 西夏記 (Records of the Xi Xia), ed. wenshi congshu, Zhonghua. Taipei.Google Scholar
Dashdondog, Bayarsaikhan. 2011. The Mongols and the Armenians. Leiden.Google Scholar
Davis, Richard L. 2009. “The Reign of Li-tsung.” In The Cambridge History of China, vol. 5, part 1, The Sung Dynasty and Its Precursors, 907–1279, ed. Twitchett, Denis and Smith, Paul Jakov, 839–912. New York and Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dawson, Christopher. 1980. Mission to Asia. Toronto and Buffalo.Google Scholar
Igor, De Rachewiltz. 1962. “The Hsi-yu Lu 西遊錄 by Yeh-lü Ch’u-ts’ai 耶律楚才.” Monumenta Serica 21: 1–128.Google Scholar
Igor, De Rachewiltz 1966. “Personnel and Personalities in North China in the Early Mongol Period.” JESHO 9: 88–144.Google Scholar
Igor, De Rachewiltz 1983. “Qan, Qa’an and the Seal of Güyüg.” In K. Sagaster and M. Weiers (eds), Documenta Barbarorum: Festschrift für Walther Heissig zum 70. Geburtstag, 272–81. Wiesbaden.Google Scholar
Igor, De Rachewiltz 1989. “The Title Chinggis Qan/Qaγan Re-examined.” In Gedanke und Wirkung: Festschrift zum 90. Geburtstag von Nikolaus Poppe, ed., Walther Heissig and Karl Sagaster, 281–98. Wiesbaden.Google Scholar
Igor, De Rachewiltz 1993. “Some Reflections on Činggis Qan’s Ĵasaq.” East Asian History 6: 91–104.Google Scholar
Igor, De Rachewiltz 1996. “The Name of the Mongols in Asia and Europe: A Reappraisal.” Études mongoles et sibériennes 27: 199–210.Google Scholar
Igor, De Rachewiltz 1999. “Was Töregene Qatun Ögödei’s ‘Sixth Empress’?” East Asian History 17–18: 71–76.Google Scholar
Igor, De Rachewiltz 2006. “A Note on Yelü Zhu 耶律鑄 and his Family.” In Meng–Yuan shi ji minzu lunwenji 蒙元史暨民族史論集 (Festschrift on the History of the Mongol–Yuan Period and Ethnohistory, in Commemoration of the Centenary of the Birth of Prof. Wen Dujian), edited by Shiyuan, Hao 郝時遠, 269–81. Beijing.Google Scholar
Igor, De Rachewiltz 2013. The Secret History of the Mongols, vol. 3, Supplement. Leiden and Boston.Google Scholar
Di Cosmo, Nicola. 1999. “State Formation and Periodization in Inner Asian History.” Journal of World History 10.1: 1–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Di Cosmo, Nicola 2002. Ancient China and Its Enemies: The Rise of Nomadic Power in East Asian History. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dmytryshyn, Basil, ed. 1967. Medieval Russia: A Sourcebook, 900–1700. New York.Google Scholar
Dunnell, Ruth. 1989. “Naming the Tangut Capital: Xingqing, Zhongxing and Related Matters.” Bulletin of Sung & Yuan Studies 21: 52–66.Google Scholar
Dunnell, Ruth 1991. “The Fall of Xia: Sino-Steppe Relations in the Late 12th–Early 13th Centuries.” In Rulers from the Steppe: State Formation on the Eurasian Periphery, ed. Gary Seaman and Daniel Marks, 158–85. Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Dunnell, Ruth 1992a. “The Hsia Origins of the Yüan Institution of Imperial Preceptor.” Asia Major, 3rd series 5.1: 85–111.Google Scholar
Dunnell, Ruth 1992b. “Locating the Tangut Military Establishment.” Monumenta Serica 40: 219–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunnell, Ruth 1994. “The Hsi Hsia.” In CHC6, 154–214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunnell, Ruth 1996. The Great State of White and High: Buddhism and State Formation in Eleventh-Century Xia. Honolulu.Google Scholar
Dunnell, Ruth 2010. Chinggis Khan, World Conqueror. Upper Saddle River, NJ.Google Scholar
Dunnell, Ruth 2015. “The Anxi Principality: [Un]Making a Muslim Mongol Prince in Northwest China during the Yuan Dynasty.” CAJ 57: 185–200.Google Scholar
Endicott-West, Elizabeth. 1989a. “Merchant Associations in Yüan China: The Ortoγ.” Asia Major, 3rd series 2.2: 127–54.Google Scholar
Endicott-West, Elizabeth 1989b. Mongolian Rule in China: Local Administration in the Yuan Dynasty. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Endicott-West, Elizabeth 1999. “Notes on Shamans, Fortune-Tellers and Yin-Yang Practitioners and Civil Administration in Yüan China.” In Amitai-Preiss and Morgan 1999, 224–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erdenebat, Ulambayar and Pohl, Ernst. 2009. “The Crossroads in Khara Khorum.” In Fitzhugh, Rossabi, and Honeychurch 2009, 137–45.Google Scholar
Farquhar, David. M. 1990. The Government of China under Mongol Rule: A Reference Guide. Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Fennell, John. 1983. The Crisis of Medieval Russia, 1200–1304. London and New York.Google Scholar
Fitzhugh, William W., Rossabi, Morris, and Honeychurch, William, eds. 2009. Genghis Khan and the Mongol Empire. Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Fletcher, Joseph. 1986. “The Mongols: Ecological and Social Perspectives.” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 46.1: 11–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Franke, Herbert. 1975. “Chinese Texts on the Jurchen (I): a Translation of the Jurchen in the San ch’ao pei-meng hui-pien.” Zentralasiatische Studien 9: 119–86.Google Scholar
Franke, Herbert 1994. “The Chin Dynasty.” In CHC6, 215–320.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Franke, Herbert and Chan, Hok-lam. 1997. Studies on the Jurchens and the Chin Dynasty. Aldershot and Brookfield, VT.Google Scholar
Gillman, Ian and Klimkeit, Hans-Joachim. 1999. Christians in Asia before 1500. Richmond.Google Scholar
Golden, Peter B. 1983. “The Turkic Peoples and Caucasia.” In Transcaucasia, Nationalism, and Social Change: Essays in the History of Armenia, Azerbaijian, and Georgia, ed. Suny, R. G., 45–67. Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
Golden, Peter B. 1985 [1987]. “Cumanica II: The Ölberli (Ölperli): The Fortunes and Misfortunes of an Inner Asian Nomadic Clan.” AEMA 5: 5–29.Google Scholar
Golden, Peter B. 1992. An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples. Wiesbaden.Google Scholar
Golden, Peter B. 2003. Nomads and Their Neighbours in the Russian Steppe. Aldershot.Google Scholar
Golden, Peter B. 2006. “The Türk Imperial Tradition in the Pre-Chinggisid Era.” In Sneath 2006, 23–62.Google Scholar
Golden, Peter B. 2009. “Inner Asia c. 1200.” In CHIA, 9–25.Google Scholar
Halbertsma, Tjalling H. F. 2008. Early Christian Remains of Inner Mongolia. Leiden and Boston.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hambis, Louis and Pelliot, Paul, tr. 1945. Le chapitre cvii du Yuan che: Les généalogies impériales mongoles dans l’histoire chinoise officielle de la dynastie mongole. Leiden.Google Scholar
Han, Rulin 韓儒林 and Dezhi, Chen 陳得芝. 2008. Yuanchao shi 元朝史 (Yuan Dynasty History), rev. ed., 2 vols. Beijing.Google Scholar
Henthorn, W. E. Korea: The Mongol Invasion. Leiden, 1963.Google Scholar
Herman, John E. 2002. “The Mongol Conquest of Dali: The Failed Second Front.” In Warfare in Inner Asian History (500–1800), ed. Di Cosmo, Nicola, 295–336. Leiden.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hope, Michael. 2012. “The Transmission of Authority through the Quriltais of the Early Mongol Empire and the Īlkhānate of Iran (1227–1335).” Mongolian Studies 34: 87–115.Google Scholar
Hope, Michael 2016. Power, Politics, and Tradition in the Mongol Empire and the Îlkhanâte of Iran. Oxford.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hsiao, Ch’i-ch’ing (also see Xiao Qiqing). 1978. The Military Establishment of the Yuan Dynasty. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Hsiao, Ch’i-ch’ing 1993. “Chang Rou (1190–1268).” In ISK, 46–59.Google Scholar
Hüttel, Hans-Georg. 2009. “The Search for Khara Khorum and the Palace of the Great Khan.” In Fitzhugh, Rossabi, and Honeychurch 2009, 146–49.Google Scholar
Hu, Wu 胡務. 1990. “Meng–Yuan huanghou yu Yuanchao zhengzhi 蒙元皇后與政治” (Mongol–Yuan Empresses and Yuan Dynasty Politics). Qiusuo 求索 3: 121–25.Google Scholar
Hu, Xiaopeng 胡小鵬. 1992. “Lue lun Yuandai Hexi de Kuoduan xi zhuwang 略論元代河西的闊端系諸王 (Discussion of the Lineage of Prince Köten in Hexi during the Yuan Dynasty).” Xibei minzu xueyuan xuebao 西北民族學院學報 1: 54–60, 20.Google Scholar
Hu, Xiaopeng 1999. Yuandai xibei lishi yu minzu yan jiu 元代西北歷史與民族硏究 (Historical and Nationality Studies of the Peoples of the Northwest during the Yuan Dynasty). Lanzhou.Google Scholar
Hu, Xiaopeng 2004. Xibei minzu wenxian yu lishi yanjiu 西北民族文獻與歷史硏究 (Research on the History and Sources of the Northwest Nationalities). Lanzhou.Google Scholar
Irinchin (Yilinzhen 亦鄰眞). 1989. “Qiniangu he Gulianleigu 起輦谷和古連勒古” (Qiniangu and Gulianleigu). Neimenggu shehui kexue 內蒙古社會科學, 1989.3: 88–91.Google Scholar
ISK. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
Jackson, Peter. 1976. “The Dissolution of the Mongol Empire.” CAJ 22.3–4: 186–244.Google Scholar
Jackson, Peter 1990. “Jalāl al-Dīn, the Mongols, and the Khwarazmian Conquest of the Panjāb and Sind.” Iran 28: 45–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, Peter 1999. “From Ulus to Khanate: The Making of the Mongol States.” In Amitai-Preiss and Morgan 1999, 12–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, Peter 2005a. “The Mongols and the Faith of the Conquered.” In Amitai and Biran 2005, 245–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, Peter 2005b. The Mongols and the West. Harlow.Google Scholar
Jackson, Peter 2006. “World-Conquest and Local Accommodation: Threat and Blandishment in Mongol Diplomacy.” In History and Historiography of Post-Mongol Central Asia and the Middle East, ed. Judith Pfeiffer and Sholeh A. Quinn, 3–22. Wiesbaden.Google Scholar
Jackson, Peter 2009. “The Mongol Age in Eastern Inner Asia.” In CHIA, 26–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jagchid, Sechin. 1980. “Chinese Buddhism and Taoism during the Mongolian Rule of China.” Mongolian Studies 6: 61–98.Google Scholar
Janhunen, Juha. 1996. Manchuria: An Ethnic History. Helsinki.Google Scholar
Jin shi 金史, ed. Tuotuo, 脫脫. 1975. Beijing.Google Scholar
JS. See Jin shi.Google Scholar
JT/Boyle. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
JT/Thackston. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
Jūzjānī, Minhāj al-Dīn al-. 1881. Tabaqāt-i Nāsirī, tr. H. G. Raverty. Calcutta.Google Scholar
Ke, Shaomin 柯紹忞 (1850–1933). 1989. Xin Yuan shi 新元史 (A New Yuan History). In Yuan shi erzhong 元史二種 (Two Varieties of Yuan History). Shanghai.Google Scholar
Khazanov, Anatoly M., and Wink, André. 2001. Nomads in the Sedentary World. Richmond.Google Scholar
Kim, Hodong. 2005. “A Reappraisal of Güyüg Khan.” In Amitai and Biran 2005, 309–38.Google Scholar
Kim, Hodong 2009. “The Unity of the Mongol Empire and Continental Exchanges over Eurasia.” Journal of Central Eurasian Studies 1: 15–42.Google Scholar
Kim, Hodong 2013. “A Re-examination of the ‘Register of Thousands’ (hazāra) in the Jāmiʿ al-tawārīkh.” In Akasoy, Burnett and Yoeli-Tlalim 2013, 89–114.Google Scholar
Kolbas, Judith. 2006. The Mongols in Iran: Chingiz Khan to Uljaytu 1220–1309. London and New York.Google Scholar
Kuchera, S. 1970. “Mongoly i Tibet pri Chingiskhane i ego preemnikakh.” In Tikhvinskii 1970, 255–70.Google Scholar
Lane, George. 2003. Early Mongol Rule in Thirteenth-Century Iran: A Persian Renaissance. London and New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lattimore, Owen. 1940. Inner Asian Frontiers of China. New York.Google Scholar
Ledyard, Gari. 1964. “The Mongol Campaigns in Korea and the Dating of the the Secret History of the Mongols.” CAJ 9: 1–22.Google Scholar
Li, Fanwen 李范文. 2005. Xi Xia tongshi 西夏通史 (A Comprehensive History of Xi Xia). Yinchuan.Google Scholar
Li, Zefen 李則芬. 1970. Chengjisihan xinzhuan 成吉思汗新傳 (A New Biography of Chinggis Khan). Taipei.Google Scholar
Li, Zhichang 李志常. Xiyou ji 西遊記 (Record of a Journey to the West). In Wang 1962, 225–429.Google Scholar
Liang, Songtao 梁松濤 and Fuxue, Yang 楊富學. 2008. “‘Sheng wei ping yi ge’ zhong suo jian Xi Xia yu Kelie heqin shi xiaokao ‘聖威平夷歌’中所見西夏與克烈和親事小考” (A Note on the Marriage Alliance between Xi Xia and the Kereits as Seen in the ‘Ode to the Awesome Majesty Pacifying the Barbarians’). Nei Menggu she hui ke xue 內蒙古社會科學 29.6: 46–48.Google Scholar
Manz, Beatrice. 1989. The Rise and Rule of Tamerlane. Cambridge.Google Scholar
May, Timothy. 2007. The Mongol Art of War. Yardley, PA.Google Scholar
Meyvaert, P. 1980. “An Unknown Letter of Hulagu, Il-Khan of Persia, to King Louis ix of France.” Viator 11: 245–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Melville, Charles. 2009. “Anatolia under the Mongols.” In The Cambridge History of Turkey, vol. 1, Byzantium to Turkey, 1071–1453, ed. Fleet, Kate, 51–101. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Meng, Nan 孟楠. 1998. “Lun Kelie ren yu Xi Xia de guanxi 論克烈人與西夏的關係” (On the Relationship between the Kereyits and Xi Xia). Nei Menggu shehui kexue 內蒙古社會科學 3: 37–42.Google Scholar
Meng, Nan 2003. “Luelun Yuandai de Chahan ji qi jiazu 略論元代察罕及其家族” (A Brief Discussion of Tsaghan and His Clan under the Yuan Dynasty). Neijmenggu daxue xuebao 內蒙古大學學報 35.3: 45–51.Google Scholar
Morgan, David. 1986. The Mongols. Oxford.Google Scholar
Morgan, David 2005. “The ‘Great Yasa of Chinggis Khan’ Revisited.” In Amitai and Biran 2005, 291–308.Google Scholar
Munkh-Erdene, Lhamsuren. 2011. “Where Did the Mongol Empire Come From? Medieval Mongol Ideas of People, State and Empire.” Inner Asia 13.2: 211–37.Google Scholar
Nakano, Miyoko. 1971. A Phonological Study in the ‘Phags-pa Script and the Meng-ku Tzu-yün. Canberra.Google Scholar
Okada, Hidehiro. 1962. “Mōko shiryō ni mieru shoiki no Mō-Zō kankei 蒙古史料に見える初期の蒙藏關係” (Early Mongol–Tibetan Relations as Seen in Mongol Historical Sources). Tōhōgaku 東方學 (Studies of the Orient) 23: 95–108.Google Scholar
Olbricht, Peter, and Pinks, Elisabeth. 1980. Meng-Ta Pei-Lu und Hei-Ta Shih-Lüeh. Wiesbaden.Google Scholar
Pelliot, Paul, and Hambis, Louis. 1951. Histoire des Campagnes de Gengis Khan. Leiden.Google Scholar
Peng, Daya 彭大雅 and Ting, Xu 徐霆. 1962. Hei-Da shilüe 黑韃事略 (Biographical Sketches of the Black Tatars). In Wang 1962.Google Scholar
Petech, Luciano. 1983. “Tibetan Relations with Sung China and with the Mongols.” In Rossabi 1983, 173–203.Google Scholar
Petech, Luciano 1988. “Yüan Organization of the Tibetan Border Areas.” In Tibetan Studies, proceedings of the 4th Seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies, Munich 1985, ed. Uebach, Helga and Panglung, Jampa L., 369–80. Munich.Google Scholar
Petech, Luciano 1990. Central Tibet and the Mongols: The Yüan Sa-Skya Period of Tibetan History. Rome.Google Scholar
Petech, Luciano 1993. “‘P’ags-pa (1235–1280).” In ISK, 646–54.Google Scholar
Pikulin, M. G. 1970. “Chingiskhan v Afganistane.” In Tikhvinskii 1970, 134–41.Google Scholar
Pohl, Ernst. 2009. “Interpretation without Excavation: Topographic Mapping on the Territory of the First Mongolian Capital Karakorum.” In Current Archaeological Research in Mongolia, ed. Bemmann, Jan, Parzinger, Hermann, Pohl, Ernst, and Tseveendorzh, Damdinsüren. Bonn. 505–33.Google Scholar
Jamāl, Qarshī. 2005. Al-Mulkhakāt bi-s-surākh, tr. Sh. Kh. Vokhidov and B. B. Aminov, vol. 1 of Istoriia Kazakhstana v Persidskikh istochnikakh. Almaty.Google Scholar
Rashīd al-Dīn, Faḍlallāh Abu’l-Khayr. 1952. Sbornik letopisei, vol. 1, book 2, tr. L. A. Khetagurov. Moscow and Leningrad.Google Scholar
Ratchnevsky, Paul. 1991. Chinggis Khan, His Life and Legacy, tr. and ed. Haining, Thomas Nivison. Oxford.Google Scholar
Ratchnevsky, Paul 1993. “Šigi Qutuqu (ca. 1180–ca. 1260).” In ISK, 75–94.Google Scholar
Rossabi, Morris. 1979. “Khubilai Khan and the Women in His Family.” In Studia Sino-Mongolica: Festschrift für Herbert Franke, ed. Bauer, Wolfgang, 153–80. Wiesbaden.Google Scholar
Rossabi, Morris ed. 1983. China among Equals. Berkeley, CA.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rossabi, Morris 1988. Khubilai Khan, His Life and Times. Berkeley, CA.Google Scholar
Schneider, Julia. 2011. “The Jin Revisited: New Assessment of Jurchen Emperors.” JSYS 41: 343–404.Google Scholar
Schuh, Dieter. 1977. Erlasses und Sendschreiben mongolischer Herrscher für tibetische Geistliche. St. Augustin.Google Scholar
Schurman, H. F. 1956a. The Economic Structure of the Yüan Dynasty. Translation of Chapters 93 and 94 of the Yüan Shih. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Schurman, H. F. 1956b. “Mongolian Tributary Practices of the Thirteenth Century.” HJAS 19.3–4: 304–89.Google Scholar
Schwarz, Henry G. 1998. “Otrar Revisited.” In Essays on Mongol Studies (Mongol sudlalyn oguulluud), ed. Batbaiar, Ts, Ishdorzh, Ts, and Puntsag, E., 182–93. Ulaanbaatar.Google Scholar
SH. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
Shengwu qinzhenglu 聖武親征錄 (The Campaigns of the Holy Martial Emperor). In Wang 1962.Google Scholar
Shiraishi, Noriyuki. 2004. “Seasonal Migrations of the Mongol Emperors and the Peri-urban Area of Kharakhorum.” International Journal of Asian Studies 1.1: 105–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shiraishi, Noriyuki 2009. “Searching for Genghis: Excavations of the Ruins at Avraga.” In Fitzhugh, Rossabi, and Honeychurch 2009, 132–36.Google Scholar
Silverstein, Adam J. 2007. Postal Systems in the Pre-modern Islamic World. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skaff, Jonathan Karam. 2012. Sui–Tang China and Its Turko-Mongol Neighbors. Oxford and New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, John Masson Jr. 1984. “ʿAyn Jālūt: Mamlūk Success or Mongol Failure?” HJAS 44.2: 307–45.Google Scholar
Smith, John Masson Jr 1997. “Mongol Society and Military in the Middle East: Antecedents and Adaptations.” In War and Society in the Eastern Mediterranean, 7th–15th Centuries, ed. Lev, Yaacov, 249–66. Leiden and New York.Google Scholar
Smith, John Masson Jr 1999. “Mongol Nomadism and Middle Eastern Geography: Qīshlāqs and Tümens.” In The Mongol Empire and Its Legacy, ed. Reuven Amitai-Preiss and David O. Morgan, 39–56. Leiden.Google Scholar
Smith, John Masson Jr 2006. “Hülegü Moves West: High Living and Heartbreak on the Road to Baghdad.” In Beyond the Legacy of Chinggis Khan, ed. Komaroff, Linda, 111–34. Leiden.Google Scholar
Sneath, David, ed. 2006. Imperial Statecraft: Political Forms and Techniques of Governance in Inner Asia Sixth–Twentieth Centuries. Bellingham, WA.Google Scholar
Sneath, David 2007. The Headless State: Aristocratic Orders, Kinship Society, and Misrepresentations of Nomadic Inner Asia. New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Song shi 宋史, ed. Tuotuo 脫脫. 1977. Beijing.Google Scholar
SS. See Song shi.Google Scholar
Standen, Naomi. 2007. Unbounded Loyalty: Frontier Crossing in Liao China. Honolulu.Google Scholar
Standen, Naomi Forthcoming. “Followers and Followership in Northeastern Eurasia, ca. Seventh to Tenth Centuries.” In Threaded Histories: Rome, China, Iran, and the Eurasian Steppe in Late Antiquity (c. 250–750 ce), ed. Nicola Di Cosmo and Michael Maas.Google Scholar
Su, Tianjue 蘇天爵. 1335. Yuanchao mingcheng shilüe 元朝名臣事略 (Biographical Sketches of Famous Officials of the Yuan Dynasty). (Reprinted 1996.)Google Scholar
Masaaki, Sugiyama 杉山正明. 1996. Yaritsu Sozai to sono jidai 耶律楚材とその時代 (Yelü Chucai and His Times). Tokyo.Google Scholar
Masaaki, Sugiyama 2004. Mongoru teikoku to Dai Gen Urusu モンゴル帝國と大元ウルス (The Mongol Empire and the Great Yuan Ulus). Kyoto.Google Scholar
Sweeney, James Ross. 1994. “‘Spurred on by the Fear of Death’: Refugees and Displaced Populations during the Mongol Invasion of Hungary.” In Nomadic Diplomacy, Destruction and Religion from the Pacific to the Adriatic, ed. Gervers, Michael and Schlepp, Wayne, 34–62. Toronto.Google Scholar
Szerb, Janos. 1980. “Glosses on the Oeuvre of Bla-ma ‘Phags-pa: ii. Some Notes on the Events of the Years 1251–1254.” AOH 34.1–3: 263–85.Google Scholar
Tang, Li. 2011. East Syriac Christianity in Mongol–Yuan China. Wiesbaden.Google Scholar
Taylor, Keith Weller. 2013. A History of the Vietnamese. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tikhvinskii, S. L. 1970. Tataro-Mongoly v Azii i Evrope. Moscow.Google Scholar
Togan, Isenbike. 1998. Flexibility and Limitation in Steppe Formations. Leiden.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tomoyasu, Iiyama. 2010. “Maintaining Gods in Medieval China: Temple Worship and Local Governance in North China under the Jin and Yuan.” JSYS 40: 71–102.Google Scholar
Ji, Tu 屠寄. 1989. Mengwu’er shiji 蒙兀兒史記 (Records of Mongol History). In Yuan shi erzhong 元史二種 (Two Varieties of Yuan History). Shanghai.Google Scholar
Twitchett, Denis, and Tietze, Klaus-Peter. 1994. “The Liao.” In CHC6, 43–153, 665–74.Google Scholar
Vásáry, István. 2009. “The Jochid Realm: The Western Steppe and Eastern Europe.” In CHIA, 67–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vernadsky, George. 1953. The Mongols and Russia. New Haven.Google Scholar
Waley, Arthur. 1931. The Travels of an Alchemist. London.Google Scholar
Wang, Guowei 王國維. 1962. Menggu shiliao si zhong 蒙古史料四種 (Four Sources for Mongol History). Taipei.Google Scholar
Weatherford, Jack. 2004. Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World. New York.Google Scholar
Rubruck, William. 1990. The Mission of Friar William of Rubruck: His Journey to the Court of the Great Khan Möngke 1253–1255, tr. Peter Jackson and ed. Jackson, Peter with David, Morgan. London.Google Scholar
Wink, André. 2001. “Conclusion.” In Khazanov and Wink 2001, 285–95.Google Scholar
Xiao, Qiqing 蕭啓慶. 1985. “Yuanchao jianhao qian Menggu de Hanwen guohao – jian lun Meng-Yuan guohao de yanbian 元朝建號前蒙古的漢文國號—兼論蒙元國號的演變” (The Chinese Name of the Mongols before the Establishment of the Yuan – and the Change in the Mongol–Yuan State Name). Hanxue yanjiu 漢學硏究 3.1: 23–40.Google Scholar
Xiao, Qiqing 1994. Meng–Yuan shi xin yan 蒙元史新硏 (New Studies on Mongol–Yuan History). Taipei.Google Scholar
Yanai, Watari 箭內亘. 1963. Yuandai jinglüe dongbei kao 元代經略東北考 (Research on the Conquest of the Northeast under the Yuan), tr. Chen Jie 陳捷 and Chen Qingquan 陳淸泉. Taipei.Google Scholar
Yang, Ruowei 楊若微. 1991. Qidan wangchao zhengzhi junshi zhidu yanjiu 契丹王朝政治軍事制度硏究 (Research on the Political and Military Institutions of the Khitan Dynasty). Beijing.Google Scholar
Yang, Shao-yun. 2019. The Way of the Barbarians: Redrawing Ethnic Boundaries in Tang and Song China. Seattle.Google Scholar
Yao, Congwu 姚從吾. 1971. Yao Congwu xiansheng quanji (si) – Liao Jin Yuan shi jiangyi – bing, Yuanchao shi 姚從吾先生全集(四)—遼金元講義—丙, 元朝史 (Professor Yao Congwu’s Collected Works, vol. 4, Lectures on the Liao, Jin and Yuan – part 3, Yuan Dynasty History). Taipei.Google Scholar
Yao, Sui 姚燧. 1975. Mu’anji 牧庵集 (Collected Works from the Shepherd’s Hermitage), ed. Sikuquanzhu zhenben bieji.Google Scholar
YS. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
Yu, Ji 虞集. 1968. Daoyuan xue gulu 道園學古錄 (Recordings of Antiquity from the Daoyuan Study), ed. jiben congshu, Guoxue. Taipei.Google Scholar
Yuan, Jue 袁桷. Qingrong jushi ji 淸容居士集 (Collected Works of the Qingrong Hermit), ed. Sibu beiyao.Google Scholar
Zenkovsky, Serge A., and Zenkovsky, Jean, Betty, tr. 1984. The Nikonian Chronicle. Princeton.Google Scholar
Zhao, George Qingzhi. 2008. Marriage as Political Strategy and Cultural Expression: Mongolian Royal Marriages from World Empire to Yuan Dynasty. New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bibliography

Allsen, Thomas T. 1987. Mongol Imperialism: The Policies of the Grand Qan Möngke in China, Russia, and the Islamic Lands. Berkeley.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 1996. “Biography of a Cultural Broker: Bolad Ch’eng-Hsiang in China and Iran.” In The Court of the Il-Khans 1290–1340, ed. Raby, Julian and Fitzherbert, Teresa, 7–22. Oxford.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 2001. Culture and Conquest in Mongol Eurasia. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 2007. “Ögedei and Alcohol.” Mongolian Studies 29: 3–12.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 2015. “Population Movements in Mongol Eurasia.” In Nomads as Agents of Cultural Change: The Mongols and Their Eurasian Predecessors, ed. Amitai, Reuven and Biran, Michal, 119–51. Honolulu.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 2019. The Steppe and the Sea: Pearls in the Mongol Empire. Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Amitai-Preiss, Reuven. 1995. Mongols and Mamlūks: The Mamlūk–Ilkhānid War, 1260–1281. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Atwood, Christopher P. 2010. “Explaining Rituals and Writing History: Tactics against the Intermediate Class.” In Representing Power in Ancient Inner Asia: Legitimacy, Transmission and the Sacred, ed. Charleux, Isabelle, Delaplace, Gregory, Hamayon, Roberte, and Pearce, Scott, 95–129. Bellingham, WA.Google Scholar
Atwood, Christopher P. 2016. “Buddhists as Natives: Changing Positions in the Religious Ecology of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty.” In The Middle Kingdom and the Dharma Wheel: Aspects of the Relationship between the Buddhist Samgha and the State in Chinese History, ed. Jülch, Thomas, 278–321. Leiden.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Atwood, Christopher P. 2020. “Three Yuan Administrative Units in Marco Polo: Kinǰin Talas, Silingǰiu, and Kungčang.” JSYS 49: 417–42.Google Scholar
Bade, David. 2002. Khubilai Khan and the Beautiful Princess of Tumapel: The Mongols between History and Literature in Java. Ulaanbaatar.Google Scholar
Baṭṭūṭa/Gibb. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
Biran, Michal. 1997. Qaidu and the Rise of the Independent Mongol State in Central Asia. London.Google Scholar
Birge, Bettine. 2017a. “‘How the Mongols Mattered: A Perspective from Law.’” In How Mongolia Matters: War, Law, and Society, ed. Rossabi, Morris, 87–104. Leiden.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birge, Bettine 2017b. Marriage and Law in the Age of Khubilai Khan: Cases from the Yuan dianzhang. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bozhulu, Chong 孛朮魯翀. 2001. “Dayuan tongzhi xu 大元通制序” (Preface to the Comprehensive Regulations of the Great Yuan). In Tongzhi tiaoge jiaozhu 通制條格校注 (Statutes from the Comprehensive Regulations, Punctuated and Annotated), ed. Linggui, Fang 方齡貴, 1–9. Beijing.Google Scholar
Brook, Timothy. 2010. The Troubled Empire: China in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brook, Timothy 2017. “Nine Sloughs: Profiling the Climate History of the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, 1260–1644.” Journal of Chinese History 1: 27–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buckley, Brendan M., et al. 2010. “Climate as a Contributing Factor in the Demise of Angkor, Cambodia.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107.15: 6748–52.Google ScholarPubMed
Campbell, Bruce M. S. 2016. The Great Transition: Climate, Disease and Society in the Late-Medieval World. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chaffee, John W. 2018. The Muslim Merchants of Premodern China: The History of a Maritime Asian Trade Diaspora, 750–1400. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chan, Hok-lam. 2008. Legends of the Building of Old Beijing. Hong Kong.Google Scholar
Chen, Bangzhan 陳邦瞻. 1979. Yuan shi jishi benmo 元史紀事本末 (Yuan History Narratives Arranged Topically), ed. Shumin, Wang 王樹民. Beijing.Google Scholar
Chen, Gaohua. 2015. The Capital of the Yuan Dynasty. Honolulu.Google Scholar
Chen, Gaohua 陳高華 and Weimin, Shi 史衛民. 2010. Yuandai Dadu Shangdu yanjiu 元代大都上都研究 (Studies on the Yuan-Era Dadu and Shangdu). Beijing.Google Scholar
Ch’en, Paul Heng-chao. 1979. Chinese Legal Tradition under the Mongols. Princeton.Google Scholar
Conlan, Thomas D. 2001. In Little Need of Divine Intervention: Takezaki Suenaga’s Scrolls of the Mongol Invasions of Japan. Ithaca.Google Scholar
Daobu, 道布 [Dobu], Zhaonasitu照那斯圖 [Jūnast], and Liu Zhaohe, 劉兆鶴. 1998. “Huihe shi Menggu wen Zhibi-Tiemu’r dawang lingzhi shidu 回鶻式蒙古文只必帖木儿大王令旨釋讀” (Translation and Commentary on the Uighur–Mongolian Script Inscription of the Edict of Prince Jibig-Temür).” Minzu yuwen 民族語文 2: 9–17.Google Scholar
Dardess, John W. 1973. Confucians and Conquerors: Aspects of Political Change in Late Yüan China. New York.Google Scholar
Davis, Mike. 2001. Late Victorian Holocausts: El Niño Famines and the Making of the Third World. London.Google Scholar
Davis, Richard L. 1996. Wind against the Mountain: The Crisis of Politics and Culture in Thirteenth-Century China. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Debreczeny, Karl. 2014. “Imperial Interest Made Manifest: sGa A Gnyan Dam Pa’s Mahākāla Protector Chapel of the Tre Shod Maṇḍala Plain.” In Trails of the Tibetan Tradition: Papers for Elliot Sperling, ed. Vitali, Roberto, 129–62. Dharamshala.Google Scholar
Debreczeny, Karl ed. 2019. Faith and Empire: Art and Politics in Tibetan Buddhism. New York.Google Scholar
Delgado, James P. 2010. Khubilai Khan’s Lost Fleet: In Search of a Legendary Armada. Berkeley.Google Scholar
Ding, Chao 丁超. 2016. Beijing chengshi shi: Yuandai jingji dili 北京城市史: 元代京畿地理 (History of Beijing: The Geography of the Yuan Dynasty’s Capital Region), ed. Yin Junke 尹鈞科. Beijing.Google Scholar
Dreyer, Edward L. 1982. Early Ming China: A Political History 1355–1435. Stanford.Google Scholar
Dunnell, Ruth W. 2014. “The Anxi Principality: [Un]Making a Muslim Mongol Prince in Northwest China during the Yuan Dynasty.” CAJ 57: 185–200.Google Scholar
Edgerton-Tarpley, Kathryn. 2008. Tears from Iron: Cultural Responses to Famine in Nineteenth-Century China. Berkeley.Google Scholar
Endicott-West, Elizabeth. 1989. Mongolian Rule in China: Local Administration in the Yuan Dynasty. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Erdemtü, , tr. 1994. Jang Dé Hüi-yin 《Dabaγan Aru-bar ǰiγulčilaγsan temdeglel》. Čünn-a, ed. Hohhot.Google Scholar
Franke, Herbert. 1949. Geld und Wirtschaft unter der Mongolen-Herrschaft: Beiträge zur Wirtschaftsgeschichte der Yüan-Zeit. Leipzig.Google Scholar
Franke, Herbert 1981. “Tibetans in Yüan China.” In China under Mongol Rule, ed. Langlois, John D., 296–328. Princeton.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grabowsky, Volker. 2004. The Northern Tai Polity of Lan Na (Babai-Dadian) between the Late 13th to Mid-16th Centuries: Internal Dynamics and Relations with Her Neighbors. Singapore.Google Scholar
Hambis, Louis, with Pelliot, Paul. 1945. Le chapitre CVII du Yuan che. Leiden.Google Scholar
Hao, Jing 郝經. 1997. “Ban shi yi 班師議” (Proposal to Redeploy the Troops). In Quan Yuan wen 全元文 (Complete Yuan Prose), ed. Xiusheng, Li 李修生 4: 121.81–85. Nanjing.Google Scholar
Haw, Stephen G. 2013. “The Deaths of Two Khaghans: A Comparison of Events in 1242 and 1260.” BSOAS 76.3: 361–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henthorn, W. E. Korea: The Mongol Invasion. Leiden, 1963.Google Scholar
Herman, John E. 2002. “Mongol Conquest of Dali: The Failed Second Front.” In Warfare in Inner Asian History (500–1800), ed. Cosmo, Nicola Di, 295–334. Leiden.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Honda, M. 1958. “On the Genealogy of the Early Northern Yuan.” Ural-Altaische Jahrbücher 30: 232–48.Google Scholar
Hsiao, Ch’i-ch’ing. 1978. Military Establishment of the Yüan Dynasty. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Jay, Jennifer W. 1991. A Change in Dynasties. Bellingham, WA.Google Scholar
JT/Boyle. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
JT/Thackston. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
Katō, Kazuhide. 1991. “Kebek and Yasawr: The Establishment of the Chaghatai-Khanate.” Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko 49: 97–118.Google Scholar
Kim, Hodong. 1999. “The Early History of the Moghul Nomads: The Legacy of the Chaghatai Khanate.” In The Mongol Empire and Its Legacy, ed. Amitai-Preiss, Reuven and Morgan, David O., 290–318. Leiden.Google Scholar
Kim, Hodong 2015. “Was ‘Da Yuan’ a Chinese Dynasty?” JSYS 45: 279–305.Google Scholar
Langlois, John D., Jr., 1978. “Yu Chi and His Mongol Sovereign: The Scholar as Apologist.” Journal of Asian Studies 38.1: 99–116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, Lillian M. 2007. Fighting Famine in North China: State, Market, and Environmental Decline, 1690s–1990s. Stanford.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lin, Meicun 林梅村. 2007. Songmo zhi jian: kaogu xin faxian suo jian Zhong–wai wenhua jiaoliu 松漠之間: 考古新發現所見中外文化交流 (Among the Pine Barrens: Cultural Exchange between China and the West as Seen in New Archaeological Discoveries). Beijing.Google Scholar
Liu, Yingsheng. 2005. “War and Peace between the Yuan Dynasty and the Chaghadaid Khanate (1312–1323).” In Mongols, Turks, and Other: Eurasian Nomads and the Sedentary World, ed. Amitai, Reuven and Biran, Michal, 339–58. Leiden.Google Scholar
Liu, Yingsheng 劉迎勝. 2011. Chahetai hanguo shi yanjiu 察合台汗國史硏究 (Studies on the History of the Chaghadaid Khanate). Shanghai.Google Scholar
Liu, Yingsheng 2012. “A Study of Küsän Tarim in the Yuan Dynasty.” In Chinese Scholars on Inner Asia, ed. and tr. Xin, Luo and Covey, Roger. Bloomington, IN.Google Scholar
McNeill, William H. 1976. Plagues and Peoples. New York.Google Scholar
Maeda, Naonori 前田直典. 1993. “Yuan zhibi de jiazhi biandong 元代紙幣的價値變動” (Changes in the Value of Yuan-Era Paper Currency), tr. Suo Jieran 索介然. In Riben xuezhe yanjiu Zhongguo shi lunzhu xuanyi 日本學者硏究中國史論著選譯 (Selected Studies by Japanese Scholars on Chinese History), vol. 5, Wudai Song Yuan 五代宋元, ed. Junwen, Liu 劉俊文, 569–607. Beijing.Google Scholar
Matsuda, Kōichi 松田孝一. 1979. “Genchō ki no bumpōsei – Anseiō no jirei wo chūshin toshite” 元朝期の分封制–安西王の事例を中心として (The Enfeoffment System in the Yüan Dynasty: A Case Study of the Princes of Anxi).” Shigaku zasshi 史學雜誌 88.8: 1249–86.Google Scholar
Matsuda, Kōichi 1992. “Chagatai ka senko no Sensai nambu chūton gundan (jō) チャガタイ家千戶の陝西南部駐屯軍團 (上)” (The Army Stationed in Southern Shaanxi belonging to the Chaghatai Family’s Chililarchy. Part 1). Kokusai kenkyū ronsō: Ōsaka Kokusai Daigaku kiyō 國際硏究論叢—大阪國際大學紀要 (International Studies: Bulletin of the Osaka International University) 5.2: 67–86.Google Scholar
Matsuda, Kōichi 1993. “Chagatai ka senko no Sensai nambu chūton gundan (ka) チャガタイ家千戶の陝西南部駐屯軍團 (下)” (The Army Stationed in Southern Shaanxi Belonging to the Chaghatai Family’s Chililarchy. Part 2). Kokusai kenkyū ronsō: Ōsaka Kokusai Daigaku kiyō 5.3–4: 35–50.Google Scholar
Matsuda, Kōichi 2003. “Chagatai ka senko no Sensai nambu chūton gundan (hoi): Hin’ō (Hin’ō) Chubei ka bunchi Hinshū kankei meimon ni tsuite チャガタイ家千戶の陝西南部駐屯軍團 (補遺)—豳王(邠王)チュベイ家分地邠州關係銘文について” (The Army Stationed in Southern Shaanxi Belonging to the Chaghatai Family’s Chiliarchy. Supplement: On the Inscription about the Pinzhou Connections of the Chaghatai Prince of Pin). Kokusai kenkyū ronsō: Ōsaka Kokusai Daigaku kiyō 16.2: 11–19.Google Scholar
Miya, Noriko 宮紀子. 2007. Mongoru teikoku ga unda sekaizu モンゴル帝國が生んだ世界圖 (The World Maps Given Birth by the Mongol Empire). Tokyo.Google Scholar
Miya, Noriko 2016. “‘Gen tenshō’ ga kataru Furegu-Ulusu no jūdai jihen 『元典章』が語るフレグ‧ウルスの重大事變” (An Important Event in the Hülegü Ulus told by Yuandianzhang) Tōhō gakuhō 東方學報 91: 450–309.Google Scholar
Mostaert, Antoine, and Woodman Cleaves, Francis. 1962. Les lettres de 1289 et 1305 des Ilkhan Arγun et Ölĵeitü à Philippe le Bel. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Peng, Xinwei. 1994. A Monetary History of China, tr. Edward H. Kaplan. Bellingham, WA.Google Scholar
Polo, Marco. 2015. The Travels, tr. Nigel Cliff. Harmondsworth.Google Scholar
Polo, Marco 2016. The Description of the World, tr. Sharon Kinoshita. Indianapolis.Google Scholar
Qiu, Yihao 邱軼皓. 2018. “Jian zhu Bosi shiliao de yichang Yuandau gongting zhengbian: yi ‘Wasafu shi’ ‘Wanzhedu shi’ wei zhongxin de kaocha 見諸波斯史料的一場元代宮廷政變—以《瓦薩甫史》‧《完者都史》爲中心的考察” (A Coup d’État in the Yuan Court Mentioned by Two Persian Historians: Research Based on Vaṣṣāf’s History and the History of Öljeitü). Yilang xue zai Zhongguo lunwenji 伊朗學在中國論文集 (Iranian Studies in China) 5: 219–36.Google Scholar
Quan, Heng 權衡. N.d. “Geng/shen waishi 庚申外史” (The Unauthorized History of the Geg/Shen Emperor). In Zhongguo zhexue shu dianzihua jihua (Weiji) Jiantizi ban 中國哲學書電子化計劃 (維基)簡體字版 (Digitization Project for Chinese Philosophy Books (Wiki) Simplified-Character Version). At https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&chapter=258949&remap=gb (accessed July 16, 2021).Google Scholar
Ratchnevsky, Paul. 1985. Un code des Yuan, vol. 1. Paris.Google Scholar
Robinson, David M. 2009. Empire’s Twilight: Northeast Asia under the Mongols. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Secen, Saγang. 1990. Erdeni-yin tobci (“Precious Summary”): A Mongolian Chronicle of 1662, ed. Gō, M., de Rachewiltz, I., Krueger, J. R., and Ulaan, B.. Canberra.Google Scholar
Sárközi, Alice. 1992. Political Prophecies in Mongolia in the 17th–20th Centuries. Wiesbaden.Google Scholar
Schurman, Herbert Franz. 1967. Economic Structure of the Yüan Dynasty. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Shurany, Vered. 2017. “Prince Manggala: The Forgotten Prince of Anxi.” Asiatische Studien 71: 1169–88.Google Scholar
Sinha, Ashish, et al. 2011. “A Global Context for Megadroughts in Monsoon Asia during the Past Millennium.” Quaternary Science Reviews 30: 47–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
So, Billy K. L. 2000. Prosperity, Region, and Institutions in Maritime China: The South Fukien Pattern, 946–1368. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Steinhardt, Nancy Shatzman. 1990. Chinese Imperial City Planning. Honolulu.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Su, Tianjue 蘇天爵. 1958. Yuan wenlei 元文類 (Anthology of Yuan Prose). Beijing.Google Scholar
Su, Tianjue 1996. Yuanchao mingchen shilue 元朝名臣事略 (Sketches of Eminent Vassals of the Yuan Dynasty), ed. Yao Jing’an 姚景安. Beijing.Google Scholar
Su, Zhenshen 蘇振申. 1984. Yuan zhengshu Jingshi dadian zhi yanjiu 元政書經世大典之研究 (Studies on the Yuan Administrative Work Great Compendium for Administrating the World). Taiwan.Google Scholar
Taylor, Romeyn, tr. 1975. Basic Annals of Ming T’ai-tsu. San Francisco.Google Scholar
Ter Haar, Barend. 1999. The White Lotus Teachings in Chinese Religious History. Honolulu.Google Scholar
Ter Haar, Barend 2015. “The Sutra of the Five Lords: Manuscript and Oral Tradition.” Studies in Chinese Religions 1.2: 172–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tongzhi tiaoge jiaozhu 通制條格校注 (Statutes from the Comprehensive Regulations, Punctuated and Annotated). 2001. Ed. Linggui, Fang 方齡貴. Beijing.Google Scholar
Tuotuo [Toqto’a] 脫脫. 1977. Song shi 宋史 (The Official History of the Song), ed. Jialuo, Yang 楊家駱. Beijing.Google Scholar
Vogel, Hans Ulrich. 2013. Marco Polo Was in China: New Evidence from Currencies, Salts and Revenues. Leiden.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richard, von Glahn. 1996. Fountain of Fortune: Money and Monetary Policy in China, 1000–1700. Berkeley.Google Scholar
Wang, Jinping. 2018. In the Wake of the Mongols: The Making of a New Social Order in North China, 1200–1600. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Watanabe, Ken’ya 渡邊健哉. 2017. Gen Daito keiseishi no kenkyu: Shuto pekin no genkei 元大都形成史の硏究: 首都北京の原型 (Studies on the Formative Process of Yuan Dadu: The Original Shape of the Capital Beijing). Sendai.Google Scholar
Wei, Su 危素. 2004. “Gu ronglu daifu Jiangzhe deng chu xingzhongshusheng pingzhang zhengshi Yuelu-Tiemu’r gong xingzhuang 故榮祿大夫江浙等處行中書省平章政事月魯帖木兒公行狀” (Account of Conduct of the Late Grand Master for Glorious Happiness and Manager of Governmental Affairs for the Mobile Secretariat of Jiangzhe and Vicinity, His Honor Yol Temür). Quan Yuan wen 48: 1477: 409–14.Google Scholar
Wen, Haiqing 溫海清. 2012. Huajing Zhongzhou: Jin–Yuan zhi ji Huabei xingzheng jianzhi kao 畫境中州: 金元之際華北行政建置考 (Dividing Up the Central Province: The Establishment of Administration in North China during the Jin–Yuan Transition). Shanghai.Google Scholar
Wong, R. Bin. 1994. “Dimensions of State Expansion and Contraction in Imperial China.” JESHO 37 .1: 54–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, Cheng 吳澄. 1999. “Yuan ronglu daifu pingzhang zhengshi Zhaoguo Dong Zhongxuan Gong shendao bei 元榮祿大夫平章政事趙國董忠宣公神道碑” (Spirit-Path Inscription for the Yuan’s Grand Master for Glorious Happiness and Manager of Governmental Affairs, the Outstandingly Loyal Duke Dong of the Zhao Duchy). Quan Yuan wen, 15: 511.383–88. Nanjing.Google Scholar
Wu, Songdi 吳松弟. 2000. Zhongguo renkou shi 中國人口史 (History of Chinese Population), vol. 3, Liao Song Jin Yuan shiqi 遼宋金元時期 (The Period of Liao, Song, Jin, and Yuan). Shanghai.Google Scholar
Xie, Jin 解縉 and Yao, Guangxiao 姚廣孝, eds. 1960. Yongle dadian 永樂大典 (Great Encyclopedia of the Yongle Period). Beijing.Google Scholar
Yan, Fu 閻復. 1999a. “Fuma Gaotang Zhongxian Wang beiming 駙馬高唐忠獻王碑銘” (Memorial Inscription of the Loyal and Devoted Prince of Gaotang, the Imperial Son-in-Law).” Quan Yuan wen 9: 295.261–65. Nanjing.Google Scholar
Yan, Fu 1999b. “Shumi Jurong Wuyi Wang bei 樞密句容武毅王碑” (Inscription for the Staunch Martial Prince of Jurong in the Bureau of Military Affairs).” Quan Yuan wen 9: 295.265–68. Nanjing.Google Scholar
Ye, Ziqi 葉子奇. 1959. Caomuzi 草木子 (Master of Plants). Beijing.Google Scholar
YS. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
Yongrong, 永瑢, ed. 1933. Siku quanshu zongmu tiyao 四庫全書總目提要. Shanghai.Google Scholar
Yu, Ji 虞集. 2004. “Jurong Junwang shiji bei 句容君王世績碑” (Inscription on the Hereditary Merit of the Commandery Princes of Jurong).” Quan Yuan wen, 27: 871.229–37. Nanjing.Google Scholar
Yuan Dianzhang 元典章. 2011. Ed. Gaohua, Chen 陳高華, Fan, Zhang 張帆, Xiao, Liu 劉曉, and Baohai, Dang 党寶海. Beijing.Google Scholar
Zhang, Fan 張帆. 2014. “Yichang bei hushi de zhengzhi fengbo: Yuan Shizu Zhiyuan ernian zaizhi jiti bamian shijian tancheng 一場被忽視的政治風波: 元世祖至元二年宰執集體罷免事件探微” (A Neglected Political Disturbance: A Preliminary Essay on Yuan Shizu’s Collective Dismissal of His Top Officials).” Paper presented at the Yuan-Era Pluralistic Culture and Social Life academic conference, July 2014.Google Scholar
Zhang, Pingzhong, et al. 2008. “A Test of Climate, Sun, and Culture Relationships from an 1810-Year Chinese Cave Record.” Science, n.s. 322.5903: 940–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, George Qingzhi. 2008. Marriage as Political Strategy and Cultural Expression: Mongolian Royal Marriages from World Empire to Yuan Dynasty. New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bibliography

Aharī, . 1954. Ta’rikh-i Shaikh Uwais, ed. van Loon, J. B.. ’s-Gravenhage.Google Scholar
Aigle, Denise, ed. 1997. L’Iran face à la domination mongole. Tehran.Google Scholar
Aigle, Denise 2005. Le Fārs sous la domination mongole: Politique et fiscalité (xiiie–xive s.). Paris.Google Scholar
Aigle, Denise 2014. The Mongol Empire between Myth and Reality: Studies in Anthropological History. Leiden.Google Scholar
Akasoy, Anna, Burnett, Charles, and Yoeli-Tlalim, Ronit, eds. 2013. Rashīd al-Dīn: Agent and Mediator of Cultural Exchanges in Ilkhanid Iran. London.Google Scholar
Allouche, Adel. 1990. “Tegüder’s Ultimatum to Qalawun.” IJMES 22: 437–46.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 1987. Mongol Imperialism: The Policies of the Grand Qan Möngke in China, Russia, and the Islamic Lands, 1251–1259. Berkeley and Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 1997. Commodity and Exchange in the Mongol Empire: A Cultural History of Islamic Textiles. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 2001. Culture and Conquest in Mongol Eurasia. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. 2009. “Mongols as Vectors for Cultural Transmission.” In CHIA.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amitai, Reuven. 1991. “Evidence for the Early Use of the Title Īlkhān among the Mongols.” JRAS 1: 353–61.Google Scholar
Amitai, Reuven 1999. “Sufis and Shamans: Some Remarks on the Islamization of the Mongols in the Ilkhanate.” JESHO 42.1: 27–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amitai, Reuven 2001. “Turko-Mongolian Nomads and the Iqṭāʿ System in the Islamic Middle East (ca. 1000–1400).” In Nomads and the Sedentary World, ed. Khazanov, A. M. and Wink, A., 152–71. London.Google Scholar
Amitai, Reuven 2006. Mongols and Mamlūks: The Mamlūk–Ilkhanid War, 1260–1281. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Amitai, Reuven 2007. The Mongols in the Islamic Lands: Studies in the History of the Ilkhanate. Aldershot.Google Scholar
Amitai, Reuven 2013a. Holy War and Rapprochement: Studies in the Relations between the Mamlūk Sultanate and the Mongol Ilkhanate (1260–1335). Turnhout.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amitai, Reuven 2013b. “Rashīd al-Dīn as a Historian of the Mamlūks.” In Akasoy, Burnett, and Yoeli-Tlalim 2013, 71–88.Google Scholar
Amitai, Reuven, and Biran, Michal, eds. 2005. Mongols, Turks and Others: Eurasian Nomads and the Sedentary World. Leiden.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amitai, Reuven and Biran, Michal eds. 2015. Nomads as Agents of Cultural Change: The Mongols and Their Eurasian Predecessors. Honolulu.Google Scholar
Amitai-Preiss, Reuven. 1995. Mongols and Mamlūks: The Mamlūk–Īlkhānid War, 1260–1281. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amitai-Preiss, Reuven, and Morgan, David O., eds. 1999. The Mongol Empire and Its Legacy. Leiden.Google Scholar
Aubin, Jean. 1995. Émirs mongols et vizirs persans dans les remous de l’acculturation. Paris.Google Scholar
Azad, Arezou. 2011. “Three Rock-Cut Cave Sites in Iran and Their Ilkhanid Buddhist Aspects Reconsidered.” In Islam and Tibet: Interactions along the Musk Routes, ed. Akasoy, Anna, Burnett, Charles, and Yoeli-Tlalim, Ronit. Farnham.Google Scholar
Ball, Warwick. 1976. “Two Aspects of Iranian Buddhism.” Bulletin of the Asia Institute of Pahlavi University 1.4: 103–63.Google Scholar
Berlekamp, Persis. 2010. “The Limits of Artistic Exchange in Fourteenth-Century Tabriz: The Paradox of Rashid al-Din’s Book on Chinese Medicine, Part i.” Muqarnas 27: 209–50.Google Scholar
Binbaş, İlker Evrim. 2010. “Oḡuz Khan Narratives.” Encyclopaedia Iranica.Google Scholar
Binbaş, İlker Evrim 2016. Intellectual Networks in Timurid Iran: Sharaf al-Dīn ʿAlī Yazdī and the Islamicate Republic of Letters. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Biran, Michal. 1997. Qaidu and Rise of the Independent Mongol State in Central Asia. Richmond.Google Scholar
Blair, Sheila. 1993. “The Development of the Illustrated Book in Iran.” Muqarnas 10: 266–74.Google Scholar
Blair, Sheila 1995. A Compendium of Chronicles: Rashid al-Din’s Illustrated History of the World. London.Google Scholar
Blair, Sheila 2013. Text and Image in Medieval Persian Art. Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Boyle, J. A. 1977. The Mongol World Empire 1206–1370. London.Google Scholar
CHI5. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
Brack, Jonathan. 2011. “A Mongol Princess Making Hajj: The Biography of El Qutlugh Daughter of Abagha Ilkhan (r. 1265–82).” JRAS 21.3: 331–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brack, Jonathan 2016. “Mediating Sacred Kingship: Conversion and Sovereignty in Mongol Iran.” PhD dissertation, University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Brack, Jonathan 2018. “Theologies of Auspicious Kingship: The Islamization of Chinggisid Sacral Kingship in the Islamic World.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 60.4: 1143–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broadbridge, Anne F. 2008. Kingship and Ideology in the Islamic and Mongol Worlds. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Broadbridge, Anne F. 2018. Women and the Making of the Mongol Empire. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ciocîltan, Virgil. 2012. The Mongols and the Black Sea Trade in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries, tr. Samuel Willcocks. Leiden.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daftary, Farhad. 2007. The Ismā’īlīs: Their History and Doctrines. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bruno, De Nicola. 2017. Women in Mongol Iran: The Khātūns, 1206–1335. Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Bruno, De Nicola, and Melville, Charles, eds. 2016. The Mongols’ Middle East: Continuity and Transformation in Ilkhanid Iran. Leiden.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeWeese, Devin. 2006. “Cultural Transmission and Exchange in the Mongol Empire: Notes from the Biographical Dictionary of Ibn al-Fuwaṭī.” In Komaroff 2006, 11–29.Google Scholar
DeWeese, Devin 2009. “Islamization in the Mongol Empire.” In CHIA.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elias, Jamal J. 1995. The Throne-Carrier of God: The Life and Thought of ʿAlāʾ al-Dawla as-Simnānī. Albany.Google Scholar
Fazlinejad, Ahmed, and Ahmadi, Farajollah. 2018. “The Black Death in Iran, According to Iranian Historical Accounts from the Fourteenth through Fifteenth Centuries.” Journal of Persianate Studies 11.1: 56–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fletcher, Joseph F. 1986. “The Mongols: Ecological and Social Perspectives.” HJAS 46: 11–50.Google Scholar
Fragner, Bert G. 1997. “Iran under Ilkhanid Rule in a World History Perspective.” In Aigle, 1997, 121–31.Google Scholar
Fragner, Bert G. 2006. “Ilkhanid Rule and Its Contributions to Iranian Political Culture.” In Komaroff 2006, 68–80.Google Scholar
Grabar, Oleg, and Blair, Sheila. 1980. Epic Images and Contemporary History: The Illustrations of the Great Mongol Shahnama. Chicago.Google Scholar
Halperin, Charles. 2000. “The Kipchak Connection: The Ilkhans, the Mamlūks and Ayn Jalut.” BSOAS 63.2: 229–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ḥamdallāh, Mustawfī. 1919. The Geographical Part of the Nuzhat-al-Qulub, tr. Guy Le Strange. Leiden and London.Google Scholar
Hammer-Purgstall, Josef. 1842–1843. Geschichte der Ilchane. Darmstadt.Google Scholar
Hillenbrand, Robert. 2016. “The Edinburgh Biruni Manuscript: A Mirror of Its Time?” JRAS 26: 171–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hillenbrand, Robert, Peacock, A. C. S., and Abdullaeva, Firuza, eds. 2013. Ferdowsi, the Mongols and the History of Iran. London.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hope, Michael. 2016. Power, Politics, and Tradition in the Mongol Empire and the Īlkhānate of Iran. New York and Oxford.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hope, Michael 2017. “Some Remarks about the Use of the Term ‘Ilkhan’ in the Historical Sources and Modern Historiography.” CAJ 60: 273–99.Google Scholar
HWC. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
al-Athīr, Ibn. 2008. The Chronicle of Ibn al-Athir for the Crusading Period, part 3, The Years 589–629/1193–1231: The Ayyubids after Saladin and the Mongol Menace, tr. D. S. Richards. Aldershot.Google Scholar
Ibn al-Fuwaṭī, ʿAbd al-Razzāq ibn Aḥmad. 1995. Majmaʿ al-Adab fi Muʿjab al-Alqab. Tehran.Google Scholar
Jackson, Peter. 1975. “The Mongols and the Delhi Sultanate in the Reign of Muḥammad Tughluq (1325–1351).” CAJ 19: 118–57.Google Scholar
Jackson, Peter 1978. “The Dissolution of the Mongol Empire.” CAJ 22: 186–244.Google Scholar
Jackson, Peter 1980. “The Crisis in the Holy Land in 1260.” English Historical Review 95: 481–513.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, Peter 2003. “Hülegü Khan and the Christians: The Making of a Myth.” In The Experience of Crusading 2: Defining the Crusader Kingdom, ed. Edbury, P. and Phillips, J., 196–213. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Jackson, Peter 2009a. “The Mongol Age in Eastern Inner Asia.” In CHIA.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, Peter 2009b. Studies on the Mongol Empire and Early Muslim India. Farnham.Google Scholar
Jackson, Peter 2017. The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven and London.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, Peter 2018. The Mongols and the West, 1221–1410. 2nd ed. New York and London.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jahn, Karl. 1970. “Paper Currency in Iran.” Journal of Asian History 4.2: 101–35.Google Scholar
JT/Rawshan. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
JT/Thackston. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
Kamola, Stefan. 2013. “Rashīd al-Dīn and the Making of History in Mongol Iran.” PhD dissertation, University of Washington.Google Scholar
Kamola, Stefan 2015. “History and Legend in the Jāmiʿ al-Tawārikh: Abraham, Alexander, and Oghuz Khan.” JRAS 25: 555–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kamola, Stefan 2019. Making Mongol History: Rashid al-Din and the Jamiʿ al-Tawarikh. Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Karamustafa, Ahmet T. 1994. God’s Unruly Friends: Dervish Groups in the Islamic Later Middle Period, 1200–1550. Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Kauz, Ralph. 2006. “The Maritime Trade of Kish during the Mongol Period.” In Komaroff 2006, 51–67.Google Scholar
Kim, Hodong. 2005. “A Reappraisal of Güyüg Khan.” In Amitai and Biran 2005, 309–38.Google Scholar
Kolbas, Judith. 2006. The Mongols in Iran: Chingiz Khan to Uljaytu 1220–1309. London and New York.Google Scholar
Komaroff, Linda, ed. 2006. Beyond the Legacy of Genghis Khan. Leiden.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Komaroff, Linda and Carboni, Stefano, eds. 2002. The Legacy of Genghis Khan: Courtly Art and Culture in Western Asia, 1256–1353. New York.Google Scholar
Krawulsky, Dorothea. 2011. The Mongol Īlkhāns and Their Vizier Rashīd al-Dīn. Frankfurt am Main.Google Scholar
Lambton, Ann K. S. 1988. Continuity and Change in Medieval Persia: Aspects of Administrative, Economic and Social History, 11th–14th Century. London.Google Scholar
Landa, Isahayu. 2018. “New Light on Early Mongol Islamisation: The Case of Arghun Aqa’s Family.” JRAS 28: 77–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lane, George. 2003. Early Mongol Rule in Thirteenth-Century Iran: A Persian Renaissance. London and New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manz, Beatrice Forbes. 2010. “The Rule of the Infidels: The Mongols and the Islamic World.” In The New Cambridge History of Islam, vol. 3, The Eastern Islamic World Eleventh to Eighteenth Centuries, ed. Morgan, David O. and Reid, Anthony, 128–68. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Masuya, Tomoko. 2002. “Ilkhanid Courtly Life.” In Komaroff and Carboni 2002, 74–103.Google Scholar
Masuya, Tomoko 2019. “Images of Iranian Kingship on Secular Ilkhanid Tiles.” In Iran after the Mongols, ed. Babaie, Sussan, 95–114. London.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
May, Timothy. 2012a. “The Conquest and Rule of Transcaucasia: The Era of Chormaqan.” In Caucasus during the Mongol Period – Der Kaukasus in der Mongolenzeit, ed. Tubach, Jürgen, Vashalomidze, Sophia G., and Zimmer, Manfred, 129–51. Wiesbaden.Google Scholar
May, Timothy 2012b. The Mongol Conquests in World History. London.Google Scholar
May, Timothy ed. 2016. The Mongols and Post-Mongol Asia: Studies in Honour of David O. Morgan. JRAS 26.1–2.Google Scholar
May, Timothy 2018. The Mongol Empire. Edinburgh.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Melikian-Chirvani, Assadulla Souren. 1997. “Conscience du passé et résistance culturelle dans l’Iran mongol.” In Aigle 1997, 135–77.Google Scholar
Melville, Charles. 1990. “Pādshāh-i Islām: The Conversion of Sultan Mahmūd Ghāzān Khan.” Pembroke Papers 1: 159–77.Google Scholar
Melville, Charles 1992. “The Year of the Elephant: Mamlūk–Mongol Rivalry in the Hejaz in the Reign of Abu Saʿid (1317–1335).” Studia Iranica 21.2: 197–214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Melville, Charles 1996. “Wolf or Shepherd? Amir Chupan’s Attitude to Government.” In The Court of the Il-Khans, 1290–1340, ed. Raby, Julian and Fitzherbert, Theresa, 79–93. Oxford.Google Scholar
Melville, Charles 1997. “Abu Saʿid and the Revolt of the Amirs in 1319.” In Aigle 1997, 89–120.Google Scholar
Melville, Charles 1999a. The Fall of Amir Chupan and the Decline of the Ilkhanate, 1327–37: A Decade of Discord in Late Mongol Iran. Bloomington, IN.Google Scholar
Melville, Charles 1999b. “The Īlkhān Öljeitü’s Conquest of Gīlān (1307): Rumour and Reality.” In Amitai-Preiss and Morgan 1999, 73–125.Google Scholar
Melville, Charles 2006. “The Keshig in Iran: The Survival of the Royal Mongol Household.” In Komaroff 2006, 135–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Melville, Charles 2016. “The End of the Ilkhanate and After: Observations on the Collapse of the Mongol World Empire.” In De Nicola and Melville 2016, 309–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meyvaert, Paul. 1980. “An Unknown Letter of Hulagu, Il-Khan of Persia, to King Louis ix of France.” Viator 11: 245–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Minorsky, Vladimir. 1954. “A Mongol Decree of 720/1320 to the Family of Shaykh Zāhid.” BSOAS 16: 515–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morgan, David. 2007. The Mongols. 2nd ed. Malden, MA and Oxford.Google Scholar
Morgan, David 2009. “The Decline and Fall of the Mongol Empire.” JRAS 19: 427–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morgan, David 2012. “Persian as a Lingua Franca in the Mongol Empire.” In Spooner, and Hanaway, 2012, 160–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morgan, David 2016. Medieval Persia 1040–1797. 2nd ed. London and New York.Google Scholar
Morgan, David 2017. “Iran’s Mongol Experience.” In Rossabi 2017, 57–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morgan, David O., and Reid, Anthony, eds. 2010. The New Cambridge History of Islam, vol. 3, The Eastern Islamic World, Eleventh to Eighteenth Centuries. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Mostaert, Antoine, and Cleaves, Francis Woodman. 1962. Les lettres de 1289 et 1305 des Ilkhan Arγun et Öljeitü à Philippe le Bel. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Osamu, Ōtsuka. 2018. “Qāshānī, the First World Historian: Research on His Uninvestigated Persian General History, Zubdat al-Tawārīkh.” Studia Iranica 47: 119–49.Google Scholar
Pfeiffer, Judith. 2006. “Reflections on a ‘Double Rapprochement’: Conversion to Islam among the Mongol Elite during the Early Ilkhanate.” In Komaroff 2006, 369–89.Google Scholar
Pfeiffer, Judith 2013. “The Canonization of Cultural Memory: Ghāzān Khan, Rashīd al-Dīn, and the Construction of the Mongol Past.” In Akasoy, Burnett, and Yoeli-Tlalim 2013, 57–70.Google Scholar
Pfeiffer, Judith ed. 2014. Power, Patronage, and the Transmission of Knowledge in 13th–15th Century Tabriz. Leiden.Google Scholar
Qāshānī, Abū al-Qāsim. 1969. Ta’rīkh-i Ūljāytū, ed. Hambly, Mahin. Tehran.Google Scholar
Sauma, Rabban. 2013. The Monks of Kublai Khan Emperor of China, tr. E. A. Wallis Budge. New ed., with introduction by Morgan, David. London.Google Scholar
Raby, Julian, and Fitzherbert, Teresa. 1996. The Court of the Il-Khans 1290–1340. Oxford.Google Scholar
Rossabi, Morris. 1992. Voyager from Xanadu: Rabban Sauma and the First Journey from China to the West. Tokyo and New York.Google Scholar
Rossabi, Morris ed. 2017. How Mongolia Matters: War, Law, and Society. Leiden.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schamiloglu, Uli. 2017. “The Impact of the Black Death on the Golden Horde: Politics, Economy, Society, Civilization.” Golden Horde Review 5.2: 325–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schein, Sylvia. 1979. “Gesta Dei per Mongolos 1300: The Genesis of a Non-event.” English Historical Review 94: 805–19.Google Scholar
Seyed-Gohrab, A. A., and McGlinn, S., eds. 2007. The Treasury of Tabriz: The Great Il-Khanid Compendium. Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Silverstein, Adam. J. 2006. “Hülegü Moves West: High Living and Heartbreak on the Road to Baghdad.” In Komaroff 2006, 111–34.Google Scholar
Silverstein, Adam. J. 2007. Postal Systems in the Pre-modern Islamic World. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, John Masson Jr. 2006. “Hülegü Moves West: High Living and Heartbreak on the Road to Baghdad.” In Komaroff 2006, 111–34.Google Scholar
Spooner, Brian, and Hanaway, William L., eds. 2012. Literacy in the Persianate World: Writing and the Social Order. Philadelphia.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spuler, Bertold. 1985. Die Mongolen in Iran. Politik, Verwaltung und Kultur der Ilchanzeit 1220–1350. 4th ed. Leiden.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomsen, Robert W. 1989. “The Historical Compilation of Vardan Arewelcʿi.” Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Thorau, Peter. 1985. “The Battle of ʿAyn Jalut: A Re-examination.” In Crusade and Settlement, ed. Edbury, P. W., 236–41. Cardiff.Google Scholar
Waṣṣāf, Sharaf al-Dīn ʿAbdallāh ibn Fażl Allāh. 1853. Kitāb-i Mustaṭāb-i Waṣṣāf al-Ḥaẓrat dar Bandar-i Mughūl. Bombay.Google Scholar
Waṣṣāf, Sharaf al-Dīn ʿAbdallāh ibn Fażl Allāh 2009. Tazjiyat al-Amṣār va Tazjiyat al-Aʿṣār (Taʾrīkh-i Waṣṣāf), ed. Afshār, Īrāj et al. Tehran.Google Scholar
Rubruck, William. 1990. The Mission of Friar William of Rubruck: His Journey to the Court of the Great Khan Möngke 1253–1255, ed. and tr. Jackson, Peter with Morgan, David. London.Google Scholar
Wing, Patrick. 2016. The Jalayirids: Dynastic State Formation in the Mongol Middle East. Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Wright, Elaine. 2012. The Look of the Book: Manuscript Production in Shiraz, 1303–1452. Seattle.Google Scholar
Yasuhiro, Yokkaichi. 2009. “Horses in the East–West Trade between China and Iran.” In Pferde in Asien: Geschichte, Handel und Kultur, ed. Fragner, Bert et al., 87–97. Vienna.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bibliography

Bahādūr Khān, Abū’l-Ghāzī. 1871–1874/1970. Histoire des mongols et des tatares par Aboul-Ghâzi Béhâdour Khân, tr. and ed. Desmaisons, P. I.. St. Petersburg (Amsterdam reprint).Google Scholar
Aǧat, Nurettin. 1976. Altınordu (Cuçi oǧulları) Paraları Kataloǧu 1250–1502: Ek olarak şecere ve tarih düzeltmeleri. Istanbul.Google Scholar
al-Ahrī, Abū Bakr al-Quṭbī. 1954. Taʾrīkh-i Shaykh Uways. History of Shaikh Uwais: An Important Source for the History of Adharbaijān in the Fourteenth Century, tr. and ed. van Loon, J. B.. ’s-Gravenhage.Google Scholar
Akta Aleksandra króla polskiego, wielkiego księcia litewskiego itd. (1501–1506). Monumenta medii aevi historica res gestas Poloniae illustrantia, vol. 19. 1927. Ed. Papée, F.. Cracow.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas. 1983. “Prelude to the Western Campaigns: Mongol Military Operations in the Volga–Ural Region, 1217–1237.” AEMA 3: 5–24.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas 1985–1987. “The Princes of the Left Hand: An Introduction to the History of the Ulus of Orda in the Thirteenth and the Early Fourteenth Centuries.” AEMA 5: 5–40.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas 1987. Mongol Imperialism: The Politics of the Grand Qan Mongke in China, Russia, and the Islamic Lands, 1251–1259. Berkeley.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas 2006. “Technologies of Government in the Mongolian Empire: A Geographical Overview.” In Imperial Statecraft: Political Forms and Techniques of Governance in Inner Asia, Sixth–Twentieth Centuries, ed. David Sneath, 117–40. Bellingham, WA.Google Scholar
Amitai, Reuven. 2005. “Resolution of the Mamlūk–Mongol War.” In Amitai and Biran 2005, 359–90.Google Scholar
Amitai, Reuven 2008. “Diplomacy and the Slave Trade in the Eastern Mediterranean: A Re-examination of the Mamlūk–Byzantine–Genoese Triangle in the Late Thirteenth Century in Light of the Existing Early Correspondence.” Oriente moderno 88.2: 349–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amitai, Reuven, and Biran, Michal, eds. 2005. Mongols, Turks and Others: Eurasian Nomads and the Sedentary World. Leiden and Boston.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amitai-Preiss, Reuven. 1995. Mongols and Mamlūks: The Mamlūk–Ilkhanid War, 1260–1281. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Archivio di Stato di Venezia (ASVe), Grazie, XII, f.100 r–18/VI 1351.Google Scholar
Astafiev, Andrei, and Petrov, Pavel. 2017. “Poluostrov Mangyshlak v morskom torgovom soobshchenii e’pokhi Zolotoi Ordy (arkheologo-numizmaticheskoe issledovanie).” Arkheologiia evraziiskikh stepei 6: 101–15.Google Scholar
Atwood, Christopher. 2004. “Validation by Holiness or Sovereignty: Religious Toleration as Political Theology in the Mongol World Empire of the Thirteenth Century.” International History Review 26.2: 237–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Atwood, Christopher 2006. “Ulus Emirs, Keshig Elders, Signatures, and Marriages Partners: The Evolution of a Classic Mongol Institution.” In Imperial Statecraft: Political Forms and Techniques of Governance in Inner Asia, Sixth–Twentieth Centuries, ed. David Sneath, 141–73. Bellingham, WA.Google Scholar
Atwood, Christopher 2017. “Jochi and the Early Western Campaigns.” In How Mongolia Matters: War, Law, and Society, ed. Rossabi, Morris, 35–56. Leiden and Boston.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ayalon, David. 1971. “The Great Yāsa of Chingiz Khān: A Re-examination (Part B).” Studia Islamica 34: 151–80.Google Scholar
Barbaro, Giosafat. 1971. Barbaro i Kontarini o Rossii: K istorii italo-russkikh sviazei v XV v, ed. and tr. Skrzhinskaia, Elena Ch.. Leningrad.Google Scholar
Bartol’d, Vasilij V. [W. Bartold] 1928. Turkestan Down to the Mongol Invasion. 2nd ed., translated from the original Russian and revised by the author, with the assistance of H. A. R. Gibb. London.Google Scholar
al-Dawādār, Baybars. 1998. Zubdat al-fikra, fī tārīkh al-hijra, ed. Richards, Donald S.. Beyrouth and Berlin.Google Scholar
Behrens-Abouseif, Doris. 2014. Practising Diplomacy in the Mamlūk Sultanate: Gifts and Material Culture in the Medieval Islamic World. London and New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Belyaev, V. A., and S. V. Sidorovich 2013. “Newly Discovered Types of Mid-13th Century Chingizid Silver Coins.” Journal of the Oriental Numismatic Society 219: 08–14.Google Scholar
Biran, Michal. 1997. Qaidu and the Rise of the Independent Mongol State in Central Asia. Richmond.Google Scholar
Boyle, John A. 1968. “Dynastic and Political History of the Il-Khans.” In CHI5, 303–417.Google Scholar
Bregel, Yuri. “Uzbeks, Qazaqs and Turkmens.” In CHIA, 221–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broadbridge, Anne. 2008. Kingship and Ideology in the Islamic and Mongol Worlds. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Brosset, Marie-Félicité. 1849–1858. Histoire de la Géorgie depuis l’antiquité jusqu’au XIXe siècle, vol. 1. St. Petersburg.Google Scholar
Buell, Paul. 1992. “Early Mongol Expansion in Western Siberia and Turkestan (1207–1219): A Reconstruction.” CAJ 36.1–2: 1–32.Google Scholar
Cai, Meibiao. 2009. “Preliminary Studies on Batu’s Apanage in Pingyang” (in Chinese), Zhongguoshi yanjiu 1: 115–22.Google Scholar
CHC6. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
CHI5. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
Ciocîltan, Virgil. 2012. The Mongols and the Black Sea Trade in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries. Leiden and Boston.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collins, Leslie. 1991. “On the Alleged ‘Destruction’ of the Great Horde in 1502.” In Byzantinische Forschungen 16: Manzikert to Lepanto. The Byzantine World and the Turks, 1071–1571, ed. Bryer, A. and Ursinus, M., 361–99. Amsterdam.Google Scholar
DeWeese, Devin. 1994. Islamization and Native Religion in the Golden Horde: Baba Tükles and Conversion to Islam in Historical and Epic Tradition, University Park, PA.Google Scholar
DeWeese, Devin 2000, “Toḳtamish.” In EI 2, 10: 560–63.Google Scholar
Di Cosmo, Nicola. 2005. “Mongols and Merchants on the Black Sea Frontier in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries: Convergences and Conflicts.” In Amitai and Biran 2005, 391–424.Google Scholar
Di Cosmo, Nicola 2010. “Black Sea Emporia and the Mongol Empire: A Reassessment of the Pax Mongolica.” JESHO 53: 83–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Egorov, Vadim L. 1985. Istoricheskaia geografiia Zolotoi Ordy v XIII–XIV vv. Moscow.Google Scholar
Endicott-West, Elizabeth. 2006. “The Yuan Government and Society.” In CHC6, 587–615.Google Scholar
Favereau, Marie. 2008. “Comment le sultan mamlouk s’adressait au khan de la Horde d’or. Formulaire des lettres et règles d’usage d’après trois manuels de chancellerie (1262–v.1430).” Annales islamologiques 41: 59–95.Google Scholar
Favereau, Marie 2011. “Pervoe pis′mo khana Berke sultanu Beibarsu po mamliukskim istochnikam (661/ 1263 g.).” Zolotoordynskaia Civilizaciia 4: 101–13.Google Scholar
Favereau, Marie 2017. “The Golden Horde and the Mamlūks.” In The Golden Horde in World History, ed. Favereau, M., Hautala, R., Khakimov, R., Mirgaleev, I. M., and Trepavlov, V. V., 329–46. Kazan.Google Scholar
Favereau, Marie 2018a. La Horde d’or et le sultanat mamelouk: Naissance d’une alliance. Cairo.Google Scholar
Favereau, Marie 2018b. “Tarkhan: A Nomad Institution in an Islamic Context.” REMMM 143: 181–205.Google Scholar
Favereau, Marie 2019a. “The Golden Horde and the Mamlūks: The Birth of a Diplomatic Set-up (1261–67).” In Mamlūk Cairo: A Crossroad for Embassies, ed. Bauden, F. and Dekkiche, M., 302–26. Leiden and Boston.Google Scholar
Favereau, Marie 2019b. “The Mamlūk Sultanate and the Golden Horde: Tension and Interaction during the Mongol Peace.” In The Mamlūk Sultanate from the Perspective of Regional and World History: Economic, Social and Cultural Development in an Era of Increasing International Interaction and Competition, ed. Amitai, R. and Conermann, S., 347–67. Bonn.Google Scholar
Favereau, Marie, and Geevers, Liesbeth. 2018. “The Golden Horde, the Spanish Habsburg Monarchy, and the Construction of Ruling Dynasties.” In Prince, Pen and Sword: Eurasian Perspectives, ed. Maaike, van Berkel and Duindam, Jeroen, 452–512. Leiden and Boston.Google Scholar
Favereau, Marie, and Raymond, Jacques. 2014. La Horde d’or: Les héritiers de Gengis Khan. Lascelle.Google Scholar
Fedorov-Davydov, German. 1960. “Klady dzhuchidskikh monet,” Numizmatika i epigrafika, 1: 94–192.Google Scholar
Fedorov-Davydov, German 1973. Obshchestvennii stroi Zolotoi Ordy. Moscow.Google Scholar
Frank, Allen G. “The Western Steppe: Volga Ural Region, Siberia and the Crimea.” In CHIA, 237–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Golubovich, Girolamo. 1913. Biblioteca bio-bibliografica della Terra Santa e dell’Oriente francescano, vol. 2. Florence.Google Scholar
Golubovich, Girolamo 1919. Biblioteca bio-bibliografica della Terra Santa e dell’Oriente francescano, vol. 3, Florence.Google Scholar
Gorskii, Anton A. 2005. Moskva i Orda. Moscow.Google Scholar
Gramoty Velikovo Novgoroda i Pskova. 1949. Ed. Valk, Sigizmund N.. Moscow and Leningrad.Google Scholar
Green, Monica, ed. 2015. Pandemic Disease in the Medieval World: Rethinking the Black Death. Amsterdam and Kalamazoo, MI.Google Scholar
Grigor′ev, Arkadiy P. 2004. Sbornik khanskikh iarlikov russkim mitropolitam: Istochnikovedcheskii analiz zolotoordynskikh dokumentov. St. Petersburg.Google Scholar
Grigor′ev, Arkadiy P., and Frolova, Ol′ga B. 2002. “Geograficheskoe opisanie Zolotoi Ordy v Entsiklopedii al-Kalkashandi.” Tiurkologicheskii sbornik, 2001, 261–302.Google Scholar
Grigor′ev, Arkadiy P., and Grigor′ev, Vadim P.. 2002. Kollektsiia zolotoordinskikh dokumentov XIV veka iz Venetsii: Istochnikovedcheskoe issledovanie. St. Petersburg.Google Scholar
Abrū, Ḥāfiẓ, Shihāb, al-Dīn, ʿAbd, Allāh, b. Luṭf, Allāh, . 2011. Dhayl-i jāmiʿ al-tawārīkh-i Rashīdī. Dopolnenie k sobraniiu istorii Rashida, tr. and ed. Talyshkhanov, E. R.. Kazan.Google Scholar
Halperin, Charles. 1982a. “Soviet Historiography on Russia and the Mongols.” Russian Review: An American Quarterly Devoted to Russia Past and Present 41/3: 306–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halperin, Charles 1982b. “Tsarev Ulus: Russia in the Golden Horde.” Cahiers du monde russe et soviétique 23/2: 257–63.Google Scholar
Halperin, Charles 1984a. “The Six-Hundredth Anniversary of the Battle of Kulikovo Field, 1380–1980, in Soviet Historiography.” Canadian–American Slavic Studies 18/3: 298–310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halperin, Charles 1984b. “The Tatar Yoke and Tatar Oppression.” Russia Mediaevalis 5/1: 20–39.Google Scholar
Halperin, Charles 1987. Russia and the Golden Horde: The Mongol Impact on Medieval Russian History. Bloomington, IN.Google Scholar
Halperin, Charles 2004. “Omissions of National Memory: Russian Historiography on the Golden Horde as Politics of Inclusion and Exclusion.” Ab Imperio 3: 131–44.Google Scholar
Hautala, Roman. 2018. “Comparing the Islamisation of the Jochid and Hülegüid Uluses: Muslim and Christian Perspectives.” REMMM 143: 65–79.Google Scholar
Hope, Michael. 2016. Power, Politics, and Tradition in the Mongol Empire and the Īlkhānate of Iran. Oxford.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hsiao, Ch’i-Ch’ing. 1994. “Mid-Yuan Politics.” In CHC6, 490–560.Google Scholar
Huletski, Dzmitry, and Farr, James. 2016. Coins of the Golden Horde: Period of the Great Mongols (1224–1266), vol. 1. Charleston.Google Scholar
HWC. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
Ibn Abī al-Faḍāʾil, . 1916. “al-Nahj al-sadīd wa-l-durr al-farīd fīmā baʿd Tārīkh Ibn al-ʿAmīd.” In Histoire des sultans Mamlouks, ed. and tr. Blochet, Edgard, vol. 1. Paris.Google Scholar
Ibn al-Dawādārī, . 1960. Kanz al-durar wa-jāmiʿ al-ghurar, vol. 9, al-Durr al-fāḫir fī sīrat al-Malik al-Nāṣir, ed. Roemer, Hans R.. Cairo and Wiesbaden.Google Scholar
Idegei: Tatarskii narodnii epos. 1990. Tr. Semen Lipkin. Kazan.Google Scholar
Iurgevich, V. 1863. “Rasskaz Rimsko-Katolicheskovo missionera Dominikantsza Iuliana … i pis′mo papi Venedikta xii k khanu Uzbeku, evo zhene Taidoliu i syn′u Dzhanibeku, v 1340 godu.” Zapiski Odesskovo obshchestva istorii i drevnostei 5: 998–1006.Google Scholar
Jacquet, Eugène. 1830. “Le livre de l’Estat du grand Caan, extrait d’un manuscrit de la Bibliothèque du Roi.” Journal asiatique 6: 57–72.Google Scholar
Jackson, Peter. 1978. “The Dissolution of the Mongol Empire.” CAJ 32: 186–243.Google Scholar
Jackson, Peter 2005. The Mongols and the West, 1221–1410. Harlow.Google Scholar
Jackson, Peter 2006. “World Conquest and Local Accommodation: Threat and Blandishment in Mongol Diplomacy.” In History and Historiography of Post-Mongol Central Asia and the Middle East: Studies in Honour of John E. Woods, ed. Pfeiffer, Judith and Quinn, Sholeh, 3–22. Wiesbaden.Google Scholar
Jackson, Peter 2018. The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven.Google Scholar
John of Plano Carpini, . 1955. In The Mission to Asia: Narratives and Letters of the Franciscan Missionaries in Mongolia and China in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries, ed. Dawson, Christopher, 3–72. London.Google Scholar
JT/Thackston. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
Jūzjānī. 1881–1897/1970. Tabaḳāt-i-Nāṣirī: A General History of the Muhammadan Dynasties of Asia, Including Hindūstān, from a.h. 194 [810 a.d.], to a.h. 658 [1260 a.d.], and the Irruption of the Infidel Mug̲ẖals into Islam, tr. H. G. Raverty, 2 vols. Calcutta. (New Delhi reprint.)Google Scholar
Kançal-Ferrari, Nicole. 2018. “Contextualising the Decorum of Golden Horde-Period Mosques in Crimea: Artistic Interactions as Reflected in Patronage and Material Culture.” REMMM 143: 191–213.Google Scholar
Karpov, Sergei P. 1996. “Génois et byzantins face à la crise de Tana de 1343 d’après les documents d’archives inédits.” Byzantinische Forschungen 22: 33–51.Google Scholar
Karpov, Sergei P. 1997. “Black Sea and the Crisis of the Mid xiv th Century: An Underestimated Turning Point.” Thesaurismata 27: 65–77.Google Scholar
Karpov, Sergei P. 2001. “Venezia e Genova: Rivalità e collaborazione a Trebisonda e Tana, secoli xiii–xv.” In Genova, Venezia, il Levante nei secoli XII–XIV, ed. Ortalli, G. and Puncuh, D., 257–72. Venice.Google Scholar
Kawaguchi, Takushi, and Hiroyuki, Nagamine. 2016. “Rethinking the Political System of the Jöchid.” AOH 69.2: 165–81.Google Scholar
Kedar, Benjamin. 1976. “Segurano-Sakrān Salvaygo: Un mercante Genovese al servizio die Sultani Mamalucchi, c. 1303–1322.” In Fatti e idée di storia economica nei secoli XII–XX: Studi dedicati a Franco Borlandi, Bologna.Google Scholar
Keenan, Edward L. 1969. “The Jarlyk of Axmed-Xan to Ivan iii: A New Reading.” International Journal of Slavic Linguistics and Poetics 12: 31–47.Google Scholar
Khodarkovsky, Michael. 1999. “Taming the ‘Wild Steppe’: Muscovy’s Southern Frontier, 1480–1600.” Russian History 26.3: 241–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khwāndamīr (Khwānd-Amīr), Ghiyāth al-Dīn Muḥammad. 1994. Ḥabīb al-siyar (Ḥabību’s- siyar), vol. 3, The Reign of the Mongol and the Turk, part 1, Genghis Khan–Amir Temur, tr. and ed. Thackston, W. M.. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Kim, Hodong. 2005. “A Reappraisal of Güyüg Khan.” In Amitai and Biran 2005, 309–38.Google Scholar
Kim, Hodong 2009. “The Unity of the Mongol Empire and Continental Exchange over Eurasia.” Journal of Central Eurasian Studies 1: 15–42.Google Scholar
Gandzaketsi, Kirakos. 1976. Istoriya Armenii, tr. Lena A. Khanlaryan. Moscow.Google Scholar
Kołodziejczyk, Dariusz. 2011. The Crimean Khanate and Poland–Lithuania: International Diplomacy on the European Periphery (15th–18th Century), a Study of Peace Treaties Followed by Annotated Documents. Leiden and Boston.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kramarovsky, Mark. 2003. “Velikaia Orda Zlataia: Ulus Dzhuchi kak tsivilizatsiia.” Rodina 11: 66–74.Google Scholar
Kul′pin-Gubaidullin, Eduard S. 2008. “Spor o tsivilizatsii.” Zolotoordynskaia tsivilizatsiia 1: 7–13.Google Scholar
Kychanov, Evgeniy I. 2001. “Svedeniia iz ‘Istorii dinastii Yuan′’ (‘Yuan′ shi’) o Zolotoi Orde.” In Istochnikovedenie istorii Ulusa Dzhuchi (Zolotoi Ordy): Ot Kalki do Astrakhani. 1223–1556, 30–42. Kazan.Google Scholar
Landa, Ishayahu. 2018. “From Mongolia to Khwārazm: The Qonggirad Migrations in the Jochid Ulus (13th.–15th. c.).” REMMM 143: 215–31.Google Scholar
Lipkin, Semen, tr. 1990. Idegei: Tatarskii narodnyi epos. Kazan.Google Scholar
Liu, Yingsheng. 2005. “War and Peace between the Yuan Dynasty and the Chaghadaid Khanate (1312–1323).” In Amitai and Biran 2005, 339–58.Google Scholar
Manz, Beatrice F. 1989. The Rise and Rule of Tamerlane. Cambridge and New York.Google Scholar
Mas Latrie, Louis (de). 1868. “Privilèges commerciaux accordés à la république de Venise par les princes de Crimée et les empereurs mongols du Kiptchak.” Bibliothèque de l’école des Chartes XXIX, 6e série 4: 580–95.Google Scholar
Matsui, Dai. 2005. “Taxation Systems as Seen in the Uigur and Mongol Documents from Turfan: An Overview.” Transactions of the International Conference of Eastern Studies 50: 67–82.Google Scholar
Matsui, Dai. 2010. “Uigur Peasants and Buddhist Monasteries during the Mongol Period: Re-examination of the Uigur Document U 5330 (USp 77).” In The Way of Buddha, vol. 1, Cultures of the Silk Road and Modern Science, ed. Irisawa, Takashi, 55–66. Osaka.Google Scholar
Mirgaleev, Ilnur. 2011. “Bitvy Toktamish-khana s Aksak Timurom.” In Voennoe delo Zolotoi Ordy: Problemy i perspektivy izuchenija. Materialy kruglovo stola, pro. v ramkakh Mezhdunarodnovo Zolotoordynskovo Foruma, Kazan′, 29–30 marta 2011 g., ed. Mirgaleev, Ilnur, 170–82. Kazan.Google Scholar
Mirgaleev, Ilnur 2017. “Succession to the Throne in the Golden Horde: Replacement of the Batuids by the Tuqai-Timurids.” Zolotoordynskoe obozrenie 5.2: 344–51.Google Scholar
Antoine, Mostaert, and Cleaves, Francis W.. 1962. Les lettres de 1289 et 1305 des Ilkhan Arghun et Öljeitu à Philippe le Bel. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Muʿizz al-ansāb, . 2006. Muʿizz al-ansāb: Proslavliajushchee genealogii, ed. Muminov, A. K., tr. Sh. Kh. Vokhidov. Almaty.Google Scholar
Mukhamadiev, Asgar G. 2005. Drevnie monety Kazani, Kazan.Google Scholar
Nasonov, Arseniy N. 1940. Mongoly i Rus′: Istoriia tatarskoi politiki na Rusi. Moscow and Leningrad.Google Scholar
Novgorodskaia pervaia letopis′ starshego i mladshego izvodov. 1950. Moscow and Leningrad.Google Scholar
Al-Nuwayrī, . 1985–1998. Nihāyat al-arab fī funūn al-adab. Cairo.Google Scholar
Oberländer-Târnoveanu, Ernest. 1987. “Numismatical Contributions to the History of South-Eastern Europe at the end of the 13th Century.” Revue Roumaine d’Histoire 26: 245–58.Google Scholar
Ostrowski, Donald G. 1998. Muscovy and the Mongols: Cross-cultural Influences on the Steppe Frontier, 1304–1589. Cambridge and New York.Google Scholar
Ötemish, Ḥājjī. 1992. Chingiz-name, ed. and tr. Iudin, Veniamin P.. Alma-Ata.Google Scholar
Ötemish, Ḥājjī 2017. Kara tavarikh, transcription by I. M. Mirgaleev, E. G. Sayfetdinova, and Z. T. Khafizov, translation into Russian by I. M. Mirgaleev and E. G. Sayfetdinova. Kazan.Google Scholar
Pachymérès, Georges. 1984. Relations historiques, ed. Failler, Albert, tr. Laurent, Vitalien. Paris.Google Scholar
Petrov, Pavel N. 2017. “Jochid Money and Monetary Policy in the 13th–15th Centuries.” In The Golden Horde in World History, ed. Favereau, M., Hautala, R., Khakimov, R., Mirgaleev, I. M., and Trepavlov, V. V., 614–30. Kazan.Google Scholar
Petrov, Pavel N., V. Kravtsov Konstantin, and Sergei V. Gumaiunov, . 2018. “Monety Saraia pervoi poloviny 660-kh gg. KH./1260-kh gg.” Zolotoordynskoe obozrenie 6.1: 145–58.Google Scholar
Petrov, Pavel N., Studitskii, Ia. V., and Serdiukov, P. V.. 2005. “Provodilas′ li Toktoi Obshchevosudarstvennaia reforma 710 g.kh. Kubanskii klad vremeni Uzbek-Khana.” In Trudy Mezhdunarodnykh numizmaticheskikh konferencii: Monety i denezhnoe obrashchenie v mongol’skikh gosudarstvakh XIII–XV vekov, 142–205. Moscow.Google Scholar
Pochekaev, Roman Yu. 2010. Mamai: Istoriia “antigeroia” v istorii. St. Petersburg.Google Scholar
Pochekaev, Roman Yu. 2012. Tsari ordynskie: Biografii khanov i pravitelei Zolotoi Ordy/2-e izd., ispr. i dop. St. Petersburg.Google Scholar
Pochekaev, Roman Yu. 2017. “First Rulers of the Ulus of Jochi” and “The Golden Age of the Ulus of Jochi: The Rule of Öz Beg and Jani Beg.” In The Golden Horde in World History, ed. Favereau, M., Hautala, R., Khakimov, R., Mirgaleev, I. M., and Trepavlov, V. V., Kazan; 220–59.Google Scholar
Polnoe sobranie russkikh letopisei, vol. 1. Lavrent′evskaia letopis′. 1926–1927. Leningrad.Google Scholar
Polnoe sobranie russkikh letopisei Vol. 2. Ipat′evskaia letopis′. 1843. St. Petersburg.Google Scholar
Polnoe sobranie russkikh letopisei Vol. 3. Novgorodskaia I letopis′ starshevo i mladshevo izvodov. 2000. Moscow.Google Scholar
Polnoe sobranie russkikh letopisei Vol. 4.1. Novgorodskaia IV letopis′. 2000. Moscow.Google Scholar
Polnoe sobranie russkikh letopisei Vol. 6.1. Sofiiskaia I letopis′ starshevo izvoda. 2000. Moscow.Google Scholar
Polnoe sobranie russkikh letopisei Vol. 10. Letopisnii sbornik, imenuemii Patriarshei ili Nikonovskoi letopis′iu. 2000. Moscow.Google Scholar
Polnoe sobranie russkikh letopisei Vol. 15. Letopisnii Sbornik, imenuemii Tverskoi letopis′iu. 1863. St. Petersburg.Google Scholar
Polnoe sobranie russkikh letopisei Vol. 18. Simeonovskaia letopis′. 1913. St. Petersburg.Google Scholar
Polnoe sobranie russkikh letopisei Vol. 25. Moskovskii letopisnii svod kontsa XV veka. 1949. Moscow, Leningrad.Google Scholar
Polnoe sobranie russkikh letopisei Vol. 30.Vladimirskii letopisets: Novgorodskaia vtoraia (Arkhivskaia) letopis′. 2009. Moscow.Google Scholar
Polnoe sobranie russkikh letopisei Vol. 35. Letopisi belorussko–litovskie. 1980. Moscow.Google Scholar
Ponomarev, Alexander L. 2011. Evolyutsiya denezhnykh sistem Prichernomorya i Balkan v XIII–XIV vv. Moscow.Google Scholar
Priselkov, Mikhail D. 1916. Khanskie iarlyki russkim mitropolitam. Petrograd.Google Scholar
Promis, Vincenzo. 1874. “Continuazione della Cronaca di Jacopo da Varagine dal 1297 al 1332.” Atti della societa’ ligure di storia patria 10: 493–512.Google Scholar
Qāshānī, Abū al-Qāsim. 1969. Tārīkh-i Ūljāytū, ed. Mahin, Hambly. Tehran.Google Scholar
Qiu, Yihao. 2018. “Independent Ruler, Indefinable Role: Understanding the History of the Golden Horde from the Perspectives of the Yuan Dynasty.” REMMM 143: 29–48.Google Scholar
Qiu, Yihao Forthcoming. “An Episode of the Conflict between Qaidu and Yuan in Mamlūk Arabic Chronicles.” In Mongol Warfare between Steppe and Sown, ed. Fiaschetti, Francesca, Golev, Konstantin, and Landa, Ishayahu. Leiden.Google Scholar
Rakhimzianov, Bulat. 2009. Kasimovskoe Khanstvo (1445–1552 gg.): Ocherki istorii. Kazan.Google Scholar
letopisets, Rogozhskii. Tverskaia letopis′. 2000. Riazan′.Google Scholar
Rowell, Stephen C. 1994. Lithuania Ascending: A Pagan Empire within East-Central Europe, 1295–1345. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Sagdeeva, Roza Z. 2005. Serebrianie monety khanov Zolotoi Ordy. Moscow.Google Scholar
Schamiloglu, Uli. 1984, “The Qaraçi of the Later Golden Horde of the Mongol World Empire.” AEMA 4: 283–97.Google Scholar
Seleznev, Iurii. 2009. E′lita Zolotoi Ordy: Nauchno-spravochnoe izdanie. Kazan.Google Scholar
SH. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
Smith, John Masson. 1970. “Mongol and Nomadic Taxation.” HJAS 30: 46–85.Google Scholar
Tanase, Thomas. 2004–2005. “Le ‘khan’ Nogaï et la géopolitique de la Mer noire en 1287 à travers un document missionnaire: La lettre de Ladislas, custode de Gazarie.” Annuario Istituto Romeno di Cultura e ricerca Umanistica 6.7: 267–301.Google Scholar
Tanase, Thomas 2018. “A Christian Khan of the Golden Horde? ‘Coktoganus’ and the Geopolitics of the Golden Horde at the Time of Its Islamisation.” REMMM 143: 49–63.Google Scholar
Tizengauzen [Tiesenhausen], Vladimir G. 1884. Sbornik materialov, otnosiashchikhsia k istorii Zolotoi Ordy, vol. 1, Izvlecheniia iz sochinenij arabskikh. St. Petersburg.Google Scholar
Tizengauzen [Tiesenhausen], Vladimir G. 1941. Sbornik materialov, otnosiashchikhsia k istorii Zolotoi Ordy, vol. 2, Izvlecheniia iz persidskikh sochinenii, ed. Romaskevitch, Aleksandr A. and Volin, Semen L.. Moscow and Leningrad.Google Scholar
Tononi, A. G. 1884. “La Peste dell’anno 1348.” Giornale Ligustico de Archeologia, Storia e Letteratura 11: 139–52.Google Scholar
Trepavlov, Vadim V. 2001a. The Formation and Early History of the Manghït Yurt. Bloomington, IN.Google Scholar
Trepavlov, Vadim V. 2001b. Istoriia Nogaiskoi Ordy. Moscow.Google Scholar
Trepavlov, Vadim V. 2018. “The Takht Eli Khanate: The State System at the Twilight of the Golden Horde.” REMMM 143: 235–47.Google Scholar
Troitskaia letopis′. Rekonstruktsiia teksta. 2002. Ed. Priselkov, Mikhail D.. St. Petersburg.Google Scholar
Uzelac, Aleksandar. 2017. “Echoes of the Conflict between Tokhta and Nogai in the Christian World.” Zolotoordynskoe obozrenie 5.3: 509–21.Google Scholar
Valk, S. N., ed. 1949. Gramoty Velikogo Novgoroda i Pskova. Moscow.Google Scholar
Vásáry, István. 2001. “Clans of Tatar Descent in the Muscovite Elite of the 14th–16th Centuries.” In The Place of Russia in Eurasia, ed. Gyula Szvák, 101–13. Budapest.Google Scholar
Vásáry, István 2005. Cumans and Tatars: Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185–1365. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vásáry, István 2009a. “The Beginnings of Coinage in the Blue Horde.” AOH 62.4: 371–85.Google Scholar
Vásáry, István 2009b. “The Jochid Realm: The Western Steppe and Eastern Europe.” In CHIA, 67–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Veselovskii, Nikolai I. 1922. Khan iz temnikov Zolotoi Ordy: Nogai i evo vremia. Petrograd.Google Scholar
Vladimirtsov, Boris Ia. 1934. Obschestvennyi stroi mongolov: Mongol′skii kochevoi feodaliizm. Moscow.Google Scholar
Wadding, Luke. 1733. Annales Minorum: Seu Trium Ordinum a S. Francisco institutorum, vol. 7. Rome.Google Scholar
Rubruck, William. 1955. In The Mission to Asia: Narratives and Letters of the Franciscan Missionaries in Mongolia and China in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries, ed. Dawson, Christopher, 87–220. London.Google Scholar
Wittfogel, Karl, and Fêng, Chia-shêng. 1949. History of Chinese Society: Liao (907–1125). Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Yule (Sir), Henry. 1916. Cathay and the Way Thither: Being a Collection of Medieval Notices of China, vol. 4. London.Google Scholar
Zaitsev, Ilia. 1999. “Pis′mo khana Bol′shoi ordy Akhmada tureckomu sultanu Mekhmedu ii Fatikhu 881 goda khidzhry.” Vostochnii Arkhiv 2–3: 4–15.Google Scholar
Zaitsev, Ilia 2004. Astrakhanskoe khanstvo. Moscow.Google Scholar
Zimin, Alexandr A. 1955. “Iarlyki tatarskikh khanov russkim mitropolitam.” In Pamiatniki russkovo prava, vol. 3, Pamiatniki prava perioda obrazovaniia russkovo tsentralizovannovo gosudarstva. xiv–xv vv., ed. Cherepnin, Lev V., 463–91. Moscow.Google Scholar

Bibliography

Bahādur Khan, Abū l-Ghāzī. 1871–1874/1970. Histoire des mongols et des tatars, ed. and tr. Peter I. Desmaisons. St. Petersburg (Amsterdam reprint.)Google Scholar
Allsen, , Thomas, T. 1983. “The Yuan Dynasty and the Uighurs in Turfan in the 13th Century.” In China among Equals, ed. Morris Rossabi, 243–80. Berkeley and Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Allsen, , Thomas, T. 1985–1987. “The Princes of the Left Hand: An Introduction to the History of the Ulus of Orda in the Thirteenth and Early Fourteenth Centuries.” AEMA 5: 5–40.Google Scholar
Allsen, , Thomas, T. 1987. Mongol Imperialism: The Policies of the Grand Qan Möngke in China, Russia, and the Islamic Lands, 1251–59. Berkeley.Google Scholar
Allsen, , Thomas, T. 1989. “Mongolian Princes and Their Merchant Partners, 1200–1260.” Asia Major, 3rd series 2.2: 83–126.Google Scholar
Allsen, , Thomas, T. 1993. “Maḥmūd Yalavač (?–1254), Mas’ūd Beg (?–1289), “Alī Beg (?–1280); Bujir (fl. 1206-60).” In ISK, 122–35.Google Scholar
Allsen, , Thomas, T. 1997. Commodity and Exchange in the Mongol Empire: A Cultural History of Islamic Textiles. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Allsen, , Thomas, T. 2001a. Culture and Conquest in Mongol Eurasia. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allsen, , Thomas, T. 2001b. “Sharing Out the Empire: Apportioned Lands under the Mongols.” In Nomads in the Sedentary World, ed. Anatoly Khazanov and André Wink, 172–90. Richmond.Google Scholar
Allsen, , Thomas, T. 2019. The Steppe and the Sea: Pearls in the Mongol Empire. Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Amir, Or. 2020. “Islamic Learning on the Silk Roads: The Career of Jalal Al-Din Al-Akhawi.” In Biran, Brack, and Fiaschetti 2020, 290–314.Google Scholar
Anonymous. Shajarat al-atrāk. MS Harvard University Pers 6 F.Google Scholar
Anonymous. 1977. Taʾrīkh-i shāhī-yi qarākhitā’iyyān, ed. Bāstānī-Pārīzī, Muḥammad Ibrāhīm. Tehran.Google Scholar
Anonymous. 2006. Muʿizz al-ansāb, ed. and tr. Sh. Kh. Vokhidov. Istoriia Kazakhstana v persidskikh istochnikakh, vol. 3. Almaty.Google Scholar
Anooshahr, Ali. 2018. Turkestan and the Rise of Eurasian Empires: A Study of Politics and Invented Traditions. New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aubin, Jean. 1969. “L’ethnogenèse des qaraunas.” Turcica 1: 65–94.Google Scholar
Aubin, Jean 1976. “Le khanat de Chagatai et le Khorassan (1334–1380).” Turcica, 7: 16–60.Google Scholar
Babajanov, Bakhtiyar. 1999. “Monuments épigraphiques de l’ensemble de Fatḥābād à Boukhara.” Cahiers d’Asie centrale 7: 195–210.Google Scholar
Balabanlilar, Lisa. 2012. Imperial Identity in the Mughal Empire: Memory and Dynastic Politics in Early Modern South and Central Asia. London and New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baranī, Ḍiyāʾ al-Dīn. 2015. Tarikh-i Firoz Shahi [sic], tr. Ishtiyaq Ahmad Zilli. New Delhi.Google Scholar
Bartold, Vassily V. 1956–1962. Four Studies of the History of Central Asia, 3 vols. Leiden.Google Scholar
Baṭṭūṭa/Gibb. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
al-Manṣūrī, Baybars. 1998. Zubdat al-fikra fī tarʾīkh ahl al-hijra, ed. Richards, D. S.. Beirut and Berlin.Google Scholar
Belyaev, Vladimir A., and Sidorovich, Sergey V.. 2010. “Apropos of the 13th Century Copper Dirhams of Bukhara with Chinese Characters.” In The 2nd Simone Assemani Symposium on Islamic Coins. Trieste, 29–31 August 2008, ed. Callegher, Bruno and D’Ottone, Arianna. Trieste.Google Scholar
Bernardini, Michele. 2013. “The Mongol Puppet Lords and the Qarawnas.” In Ferdowsi, the Mongols and the History of Iran: Art, Literature and Culture from Early Islam to Qajar Persia. Studies in Honour of Charles Melville, ed. Robert Hillenbrand, Andrew C. S. Peacock, and Firiuza Abdullaeva, 169–76. London and New York.Google Scholar
Biran, Michal. 1997. Qaidu and the Rise of the Independent Mongol State in Central Asia. Richmond.Google Scholar
Biran, Michal 2002a. “The Battle of Herat (1270): A Case of Inter-Mongol Warfare.” In Warfare in Inner Asia, ed. Nicola Di Cosmo, 175–220. Leiden.Google Scholar
Biran, Michal 2002b. “The Chaghadaids and Islam: The Conversion of Tarmashirin Khan.” JAOS, 122.4: 742–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Biran, Michal 2005. The Qara Khitai Empire in Eurasian History: Between China and the Islamic World. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Biran, Michal 2007–2008. “Culture and Cross-cultural Contacts in the Chaghadaid Realm (1220–1370): Some Preliminary Notes.” Chronika 7–8: 26–43.Google Scholar
Biran, Michal 2008. “Diplomacy and Chancellery Practices in the Chaghataid Khanate: Some Preliminary Remarks.” Oriente Moderno 88.2: 369–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Biran, Michal 2009. “Central Asia from the Conquest of Chinggis Khan to the Rise of Tamerlane: The Ögodeied and Chaghadaid Realms.” In CHIA, 46–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Biran, Michal 2013. “Rulers and City Life in Mongol Central Asia (1220–1370).” In Turko-Mongol Rulers, Cities and City-Life in Iran and the Neighboring Countries, ed. David Durand-Guedy, 257–83. Leiden.Google Scholar
Biran, Michal 2015. “The Mental Maps of Mongol Central Asia as Seen from the Mamlūk Sultanate.” Journal of Asian History 49: 31–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Biran, Michal 2019. “The Mamlūks and Mongol Central Asia: Political, Economic and Cultural Aspects.” In The Mamluk Sultanate from the Perspective of Regional and World History, ed. Reuven Amitai and Stephan Connermann, 367–90. Bonn.Google Scholar
Biran, Michal 2020. “Qutulun, the Warrior Princess of Central Asia.” In Biran, Brack, and Fiaschetti 2020, 64–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Biran, Michal Forthcoming. “Mongols and Religions.” In Empires and Religions, ed. Rüpke, Jörg, Biran, Michal, and Pines, Yuri.Google Scholar
Biran, Michal, Brack, Jonathan, and Fiaschetti, Francesca, eds. 2020. Along the Silk Roads in Mongol Eurasia: Generals, Merchants, Intellectuals. Berkeley.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blair, Sheila. 2019. “Muslim-Style Mausolea across Mongol Eurasia: Religious Syncretism, Architectural Mobility and Cultural Transformation.” JESHO 62–3: 318–55.Google Scholar
Broadbridge, Anne F. 2018. Women and the Making of the Mongol Empire. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cerensodnom, Dalantai, and Manfred Taube, comp. and tr. 1993. Die Mongolica der Berliner Turfansammlung. Berlin.Google Scholar
Chekhovich, Olga D. 1965. Bukhariskie dokumenty XIV veka. Tashkent.Google Scholar
Chekhovich, Olga D. 1979. Bukhariskii vakf XIIIv. Moscow.Google Scholar
Cleaves, Francis W. 1954. “The Bodistw-a Čari-a Awatar-un Tayilbur of 1312 by Čosgi Odsir.” HJAS 17: 1–129.Google Scholar
Cleaves, Francis W. 1959. “An Early Mongolian Version of the Alexander Romance Source.” HJAS 22: 1–99Google Scholar
Dale, Stefan. 2004. The Garden of the Eight Paradises: Bābur and the Culture of Empire in Central Asia, Afghanistan and India (1483–1530). Leiden and Boston.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dallal, Ahmad S., tr. and ed. 1995. An Islamic Response to Greek Astronomy: Kitāb Taʻdīl Hayʼat al-Aflāk of Ṣadr al-Sharīʻa. Leiden and New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dang, Baohai 党寶海. 2006. Meng Yuan yizhan jiaotong yanjiu 蒙元驛站交通硏究 (Studies on the Postal Traffic of the Mongol Yuan). Beijing.Google Scholar
Dang, Baohai 2019.“Chahatai shishi siti: Zunian, zhudi, Hanmin yu touxia 察合台史事四題: 卒年、駐地、漢民與投下” (Four Notes on Chaghadai: Year of Death and Residence of Chaghadai, Han Ethnics and Touxia [sic]). Xiyu yanjiu 西域硏究 2019.3: 58–70, 157.Google Scholar
Davidovich, E. A., and Dani, A. H.. 1998. “Coinage and the Monetary System.” In History of Civilizations of Central Asia, vol. 4, part 1, ed. Asimov, M. S. and Bosworth, Clifford E., 391–419. Paris.Google Scholar
Bruno, De Nicola. 2016. “The Queen of the Chagatayids: Orghīna Khātūn and the Rule of Central Asia.” JRAS 25: 107–20.Google Scholar
DeWeese, Devin. 1994. “Bābā Kamāl Jandī and the Kubravī Tradition among the Turks of Central Asia.” Der Islam 71: 58–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeWeese, Devin 2009. “Islamization in the Mongol Empire.” In CHIA, 120–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeWeese, Devin 2018. “A Khwārazmian Saint in the Golden Horde: Közlük Ata (Gözlī Ata) and the Social Vectors of Islamisation.” RMMEM 143: 1–20.Google Scholar
Dhahabī, Shams al-Dīn Aḥmad, Muḥammad b. 1982–1988. Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ, 25 vols. Beirut.Google Scholar
Dhahabī, Shams al-Dīn Aḥmad, Muḥammad b 1995–2004. Taʾrīkh al-islām, ed. ʿUmar ʿAbd al-Salām Tadmūrī, vols. 53–62. Beirut.Google Scholar
Khusraw, Dihlawī Amīr. 1953. Khazāyin al-futūḥ, ed. Waḥīdī Mīrzā, M.. Calcutta.Google Scholar
Elverskog, Johan. 1997. Uygur Buddhist Literature. Turnhout.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elverskog, Johan 2010. Buddhism and Islam on the Silk Road. Philadelphia.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Endicott-West, Elizabeth. 1989. “Merchant Associations in Yuan China: The Ortogh.” Asia Major, 3rd series 2.2: 127–56.Google Scholar
Franke, Herbert. 1962. “Zur Datierung der mongolischen Schreiben aus Turfan.” Oriens 15: 399–410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grupper, Samuel. 1992–1994. “A Barulas Family Narrative in the Yuan Shih: Some Neglected Prosopographical and Institutional Sources on Timurid Origins.” AEMA 8: 11–97.Google Scholar
Gulati, G. D. 2010. Central Asia under the Mongols. New Delhi.Google Scholar
Ḥāfiẓ-i, Ābrū. 1959. Cinq opuscules de Hafiz-i Abru concernant l’histoire de l’Iran au temps de Tamerlan, ed. Tauer, F.. Prague.Google Scholar
Ḥāfiẓ-i, Ābrū 1971. Dhayl Jāmiʿ al-Tawārīkh Rashīdī, ed. Bayānī, Khān Bābā. Tehran.Google Scholar
Ḥāfiẓ-i, Ābrū 1993. Zubdat al-tawārīkh, ed. Jawādī, Ḥājj Sayyid, 4 vols. Tehran.Google Scholar
Harawī, , Sayf, b. Muḥammad, b. Yāqūb, . 1944. Ta’rīkh-nāma-yi Harāt, ed. Muḥammad, Z. al-Ṣiddiqī. Calcutta.Google Scholar
Ḥaydar Dughlat, Mīrzā. 1996. Taʾrīkh-i Rashīdī, ed. and tr. Wheeler M. Thackston, 2 vols. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Hodous, Florence. 2017. “A Judge at the Crossroads of Cultures: Shi Tianlin.” Asiatische Studien 71.4: 1137–51.Google Scholar
Hope, Michael. 2015. “The Nawruz King: The Rebellion of Amir Nawruz in Khurāsān (688–694/1289–1294) and its Implications for the Ilkhan Polity at the End of the Thirteenth Century.” BSOAS 78.3: 451–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hope, Michael 2019. “Bukhara under the Mongols.” Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Asian History, DOI: 10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.013.8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hsiao, Ch’i-ch’ing. 1994. “Mid-Yüan Politics.” In CHC6, 490–560.Google Scholar
HWC. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
al-Fuwaṭī, Ibn, ʿAbd al-Razzāq ibn Aḥmad. 1962–1965. Talkhīṣ majmaʿ al-ādāb fī muʿjam al-alqāb, ed. Muṣṭafā, Jawwād, 3 vols. Damascus.Google Scholar
al-Fuwaṭī, Ibn 1995. Majmaʿ al-ādab fī muʿjam al-alqāb, ed. Muḥammad al-Kāẓim, 6 vols. Tehran.Google Scholar
Isahaya, Yoichi. 2020. “Fu Mengzhi: ‘The Sage of Cathay’ in Mongol Iran and Astral Sciences along the Silk Roads.” In Biran, Brack, and Fiaschetti 2020, 238–54.Google Scholar
Jackson, Peter. 1975. “The Mongols and the Delhi Sultanate in the Reign of Muḥammad Tughluq (1325–1351).” CAJ 19: 118–57.Google Scholar
Jackson, Peter 1999. The Delhi Sultanate: Political and Military History. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Jackson, Peter 2017. The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven and London.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, Peter 2018a. The Mongols and the West, 1221–1410. 2nd ed. New York and London.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, Peter 2018b. “The Mongols of Central Asia and the Qara’unas.” Iran 56: 91–103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, Peter 2019. “Reflections on the Islamization of Mongol Khans in Comparative Perspective.” JESHO, 62: 356–87.Google Scholar
JT/Boyle. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
JT/Rawshan. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
JT/Thackston. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
Jūzjānī, Minhāj al-Dīn. 1963–1964. Ṭabaqāt-i Nāṣirī, ed. ʿAbd al-Ḥayy Ḥabībī. 2 vols. in 1. Kabul.Google Scholar
Kamola, Stefan. 2019. “Untangling the Chaghadaids: Why We Should and Should Not Trust Rashīd al-Dīn.”CAJ 62: 69–90.Google Scholar
Kara, Geörgy. 2003. “Mediaeval Mongolian Documents from Khara Khoto and Eastern Turkestan in the St. Petersburg Branch of the Institute of Oriental Studies.” Manuscripta Orientalia 9.2: 3–40.Google Scholar
Karaev, Omurkul′. 1995. Chagataidskii ulus: Gosudarstvo Khaidu. Mogulistan. Bishkek.Google Scholar
Kato, Kazuhide. 1991. “Kebek and Yasawur: The Establishment of the Chaghatai Khanate.” Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko 49: 97–118.Google Scholar
Kauz, Ralph. 2005. Politik und Handel zwischen Ming und Timuriden: China, Iran und Zentralasien im Spätmittelalter. Wiesbaden.Google Scholar
Kempiners, Russell G. 1985. “The Struggle for Khurāsān: Aspects of Political, Military and Socio-economic Interaction in the Early 8th/14th Century.” PhD dissertation, University of Chicago.Google Scholar
Kempiners, Russell G. 1988. “Vaṣṣāf’s Tajziyat al-amṣār wa tazjiyat al-aʿṣār as a Source for the History of the Chaghadayid Khanate.” Journal of Asian History 22.2: 160–87.Google Scholar
Khwāndamīr, 1994. Ḥabību’ siyar [sic], ed. and tr. Wheeler M. Thackston, vols. 3, 4. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Kim, Hodong. 1999. “The Early History of the Moghul Nomads: The Legacy of the Chaghatai Khanate.” In The Mongol Empire and Its Legacy, ed. Amitai-Preiss, Reuven and Morgan, David O., 290–318. Leiden.Google Scholar
Kirmānī, Nāṣir al-Dīn Munshī. 2016. Simṭ al-ʿulā li l-ḥaḍrat al-ʿulyā, ed. Maryam, Mīrshamsī. Tehran.Google Scholar
Klein, Wassilios. 2000. Das nestorianische Christentum an den Handelswegen durch Kyrgyzstan bis zum 14. Jh. Turnhout.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koshevar, V. G. 2011. “O nakhodkakh Dzhuchidskikh monet v Chuyskoy Doline.” Numizmatika Zolotoy Ordy 1: 121–3.Google Scholar
Landa, Ishayahu. 2018. “New Light on Early Mongol Islamisation: The Case of Arghun Aqa’s Family.” JRAS 28.1: 77–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Landa, Ishayahu 2019. “Imperial Sons-in-Law in Mongol Eurasia.” PhD dissertation, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.Google Scholar
Li, Zhi’an 李治安. 2007. Yuandai fenfeng zhidu yanjiu 元代分封制度硏究 (Study of the Fief System under the Yuan). Beijing.Google Scholar
Ligeti, Louis [Lajos]. 1972. Monuments preclassiques XIII et XIV siècles. Budapest.Google Scholar
Liu, Xiao 劉曉. 2006. “Ye tan Heshi 也談合失” (More on Qashi). Zhongguo shi yanjiu 中國史硏究 2006.2: 146.Google Scholar
Liu, Xiao 2007. “Heshi zunian xiaokao 合失卒年小考” (A Note on the Year of Qashi’s Death). Zhongguo shi yanjiu 中國史硏究 2007.2: 50.Google Scholar
Liu, Yingsheng 劉迎勝. 1995. “Meng Yuan shidai Zhongya shehui jingji yanjiu 蒙元時代中亞社會經濟硏究” (Studies on the Economy and Society of Central Asia in the Mongol Yuan Period). Zhongya Xuekan 中亞學刊 4: 184–211.Google Scholar
Liu, Yingsheng 2005. “War and Peace between the Yuan Dynasty and the Chaghadaid Khanate (1312–23).” In Mongols, Turks and Others: Eurasian Nomads and the Sedentary World, ed. Amitai, Reuven and Biran, Michal, 339–53. Leiden.Google Scholar
Liu, Yingsheng 2006. Chahatai hanguo shi yanjiu 察合台汗國史硏究 (Studies on the Chaghadaid Khanate). Shanghai.Google Scholar
Manz, Beatrice F. 1983. “The Ulus Chaghatay before and after Temür’s Rise to Power: The Transformation from Tribal Confederation to Army of Conquest.” CAJ, 27: 79–100.Google Scholar
Manz, Beatrice F. 1988. “Tamerlane and the Symbolism of Sovereignty.” Iranian Studies 21.1–2: 105–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manz, Beatrice F. 1989. The Rise and Rule of Tamerlane. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Manz, Beatrice F. 1998. “Temür and the Problem of a Conqueror’s Legacy.” JRAS 8.1: 21–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manz, Beatrice F. 2018. “Tamerlane and the Timurids.” Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Asian History, https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.013.10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martinez, Arsenio. 1990. “The Use of Mint-Output Data in Historical Research on the Western Appanages.” In Aspects of Altaic Civilization III, ed. Sinor, Denis, 87–127. Bloomington, IN.Google Scholar
Matsui, Dai. 2005. “Taxation Systems as Seen in Uighur and Mongol Documents from Turfan: An Overview.” Transactions of the International Conference of Eastern Studies 50: 67–82.Google Scholar
Matsui, Dai 2007. “An Uigur Decree of Tax Exemption in the Name of Duwa-Khan.” Shinzhlekh Ukhaany Akademiĭn Mėdėė 2007: 60–8.Google Scholar
Matsui, Dai 2008. “A Mongolian Decree from the Chaghataid Khanate Discovered at Dunhuang.” In Aspects of Research into Central Asian Buddhism: In Memoriam Kōgi Kudara, ed. Zieme, Peter, 159–78. Turnhout.Google Scholar
Matsui, Dai 2009. “Dumdadu Mongγol Ulus ‘The Middle Mongolian Empire’.” In The Early Mongols: Language, Culture and History: Studies in Honour of Igor de Rachewiltz on the Occasion of His 80th Birthday, ed. Rybatzki, Volker et al., 111–19. Bloomington, IN.Google Scholar
Matsui, Dai 松井太 2016. “Meng Yuan shidai Huigu Fojiaotu he Jingjiaotu de wangluo 蒙元時代回鶻佛敎徒和景敎徒的網絡” (Networks of Uighur Buddhists and Nestorians in the Mongol Yuan Era), tr. Bai Yudong 白玉冬. In Make Boluo, Yangzhou, Sichou zhilu 馬可波羅揚州絲綢之路 (Marco Polo, Yangzhou and the Silk Road), ed. Xu Zhongwen 徐忠文 and Rong Xinjiang 榮新江, 283–93. Beijing.Google Scholar
May, Timothy. 2018. The Mongol Empire. Edinburgh.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Millward, James. 2009. “Eastern Central Asia (Xinjiang): 1300–1800.” In CHIA, 260–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mīrkhwānd, Muḥammad Khwāndshāh, b.. 1961. Taʾrīkh-i rawḍat al-ṣafā, vol. 5. Tehran.Google Scholar
Moriyasu, Takao. 2004. “From Silk, Cotton and Copper Coin to Silver.” In Turfan Revisited, ed. Durkin-Meisterernst, Desmond, Raschmann, Simone-Christiane, Wilkens, Jens, Yaldiz, Marianne and Zieme, Peter, 228–39. Berlin.Google Scholar
Muʿīn al-Fuqarāʾ, , Aḥmad, b. Muḥammad, . 1960. Tārīkh-i Mullāzādah: dar dhikr-i mazārat-i Bukhārā. Tehran.Google Scholar
Muminov, Ashirbek K. 2003. Rol′i mesto khanafitskikh ʿulamā v zhizni gorodov tsentral′novo mavarannakhra (II–VII/VIII–XIII vv.). Tashkent.Google Scholar
Musawi, Muhsin J. 2015. The Medieval Islamic Republic of Letters: Arabic Knowledge Construction. Notre Dame.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mustawfī Qazwīnī, Ḥamdallāh. 1983. Taʾrīkh-i guzīda, ed. ʿAbd al-Ḥusayn Nawāʾī. Tehran.Google Scholar
Mustawfī Qazwīnī, Ḥamd-Allāh 1915–1919. Nuzhat al-qulūb, ed. and tr. Guy Le Strange, The Geographical Part of the Nuzhat al-Qulūb, 2 vols. Leiden.Google Scholar
Naṭanzī, Muʿīn al-Dīn. 1957. Muntakhab al-tawārīkh-i Muʿīnī (Anonyme d’Iskandar), ed. Aubin, Jean. Tehran.Google Scholar
Nemtseva, Nina B. 1977. “The Origins and Architectural Development of the Shah-i Zinde,” tr. with additions by J. M. Rogers and A. Yasin. Iran 15: 51–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Niu, Ruji 牛汝極. 2008. Shizi Lianhua: Zhongguo Yuandai Xuliya wen Jingjiao beiming wenxian yanjiu 十字蓮花: 中國元代敍利亞文景敎碑銘文獻硏究 (The Cross-lotus: A Study on Nestorian Inscriptions and Documents from Yuan Dynasty in China). Shanghai.Google Scholar
al-Nuwayrī, Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad. 1984. Nihāyat al-arab fī funūn al-adab, vol. 27, ed. Saʿīd ʿĀshūr. Cairo.Google Scholar
O’Kane, Bernard. 2004. “Chaghatai Architecture and the Tomb of Tughluq Temür at Almaliq.” Muqarnas 21: 277–87.Google Scholar
Pandit, K. N. Tr. 1991. Bahāristān-i-shāhī: A Chronicle of Mediaeval Kashmir. Calcutta.Google Scholar
Paul, Jurgen. 1990. “Scheiche und Herrscher im Khanat Čagatay.” Der Islam 67.2: 278–321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peng, Daya 彭大雅 and Xu Ting 徐霆. 2014. Heida shilüe jiaozhu 黑韃事略校注 (An Annotated “Biographical Sketches of the Black Tatars”), ed. Quansheng, Xu 許全勝. Lanzhou.Google Scholar
Petech, Luciano. 1990. Central Tibet and the Mongols: The Yüan Sa-Skya Period of Tibetan History. Rome.Google Scholar
Petrov, Pavel N. 2004. “Reforma Kepeka-Tarmashirina.” In Tezisy dokladov XII Vserossiyskoi numizmaticheskoi konferentsii, 76–77. Moscow.Google Scholar
Petrov, Pavel N. 2009. “Khronlogiia pravleniia khanov v Chagataiskom gosudarstve v 1271–1368vv.” In Tiurkologicheskii sbornik 2007–8, ed. Sergei G. Kliashtornyi et al., 294–319. Moscow.Google Scholar
Petrov, Pavel N. 2010. “Vajra na monetakh Chaghataidskogo gosudarstva.” In Aktual′nie problemi istorii i kultury tatarskogo naroda: Materialy k uchebnym kursam: v chest iubilea akademika AN RT M. A. Usmanova, 123–41. Kazan.Google Scholar
Petrov, Pavel N., and Aleksandrov, S. N.. 2011. “Chaghataidskie dirhami s imenem Amira Navruza, bitie v Badakhshane.” Numismatika 28: 8–9.Google Scholar
Petrov, Pavel N., Baipakov, Karl M., and Voiakin, D. A.. 2014. Monetnoe delo i denezhnoe obrashchenie v velikoi Mongolʹskoi imperii, gosudarstvakh Chagataidov i Dzhuchidov na territorii Kazakhstana. Almaty.Google Scholar
Petrov, Pavel N., and Kamushaev, Aleksander. 2019. “Iangi-Taraz xii–xiv vv. i otmpytie ego geograficheskogo mestonakhozhdeniia po numizmaticheskim dannym.” Golden Horde Review 7.2: 266–82.Google Scholar
Polo, Marco. 1938. Marco Polo: The Description of the World, ed. and tr. Antoine C. Moule and Paul Pelliot. London.Google Scholar
Qarshī, Jamāl. 2005. Al-Mulkhaqāt bi’l-Ṣurāḥ” Istoriia Kazakhstana v persidskikh istochnikakh [sic], vol.1, ed. Muminov, A. K.. Almaty.Google Scholar
Qāshānī, , ʿAbd, Allāh, b. ʿAlī, . 1969. Taʾrīkh-i Ūljāytū, ed. Mahin, Hambly. Tehran.Google Scholar
Qiu, Yihao 邱軼皓. 2012. “Heshi shengmu xiaokao 合失生母小考” (A Note of Qashi’s Biological Mother). Zhongguo shi yanjiu 中國史硏究 2012.3: 70–72.Google Scholar
Qiu, Yihao 2013. “Sishi shiji chu Woerda wulusi de hanweijicheng weiji xianguan Posi yu, Alabo yu shiliao de duibi yu yanjiu 十四世紀初斡兒答兀魯思的汗位繼承危機—相關波斯語、阿拉伯語史料的對比與硏究” (The Succession Crisis of the Orda Ulus at the Beginning of the 14th Century: Comparative Studies on the Related Persian and Arabian Historical Materials). Xiyu yanjiu 西域硏究 2013.4: 23–38, 137.Google Scholar
Qiu, Yihao 2019. “Chahatai Hanguo de jiangyu yu bianjie guannian: jiyu Umali ‘Gongwen shuyu zhinan’ jishu de yi zhi kaocha 察合台汗國的疆域與邊界觀念: 基於烏馬里《公文術語指南》記述的一則考察” (Some Preliminary Remarks on the Border-Making and Territorial Concept of the Chaghatai Khanate [sic]).” Zhonggu Zhongguo Yanjiu 中古中國硏究 2: 147–64.Google Scholar
al-Rabghūzī, Nāṣir al-Dīn b. Burhān al-Dīn. 2015. al-Rabghūzī, the Stories of the Prophets: Qiṣaṣ al-Anbiyāʾ: An Eastern Turkish Version, 2nd ed., ed. and tr. Hendrik E. Boeschoten and John O’Kane. 2 vols. Leiden.Google Scholar
Robinson, David. 2009. Empire’s Twilight:Northeast Asia under the Mongols. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Robinson, David 2019. In the Shadow of the Mongols. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Roerich, G. N., tr. and ed. 1949–1953. The Blue Annals, vol. 2. Calcutta.Google Scholar
Ryan, J. D. 1998. Preaching Christianity along the Silk Route: Missionary Outposts in the Tartar ‘Middle Kingdom’ in the Fourteenth Century.” Journal of Early Modern History 2.4: 350–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sakhāwī, , Muḥammad, b. ʿAbd, al-Raḥmān, . 1966. al-Dawʾ al-lāmiʿ li-ahl al-qarn al-tāsiʿ, 12 vols. Beirut.Google Scholar
Shāmī, Niẓām al-Dīn. 1937–1956. Ẓafar nāmah, ed. Tauer, Felix, 2 vols. Prague.Google Scholar
Shim, Hosung. 2014. “The Postal Roads of the Great Khans in Central Asia under the Mongol–Yuan Empire.” JSYS 44: 405–69.Google Scholar
Hirotoshi, Shimo. 1977. “The Qaraunas in the Historical Materials of the Ilkhanate.” Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko 35: 131–81.Google Scholar
al-Shujā, ʿī, Shams al-Dīn. 1985. Taʾrīkh al-malik al-Nāṣir Muḥammad b. Qalāwūn al-Ṣāliḥī wa-awlādihi, ed. and tr. Barbara Schäfer. Wiesbaden.Google Scholar
Slavin, Phillip. 2019. “Death by the Lake: Mortality Crisis in Early Fourteenth-Century Central Asia.” Journal of Interdisciplinary History 50.1: 59–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stewart, Charles Anthony. 2020. “The Four-Petal Almond Rosette in Central Asia.” Bulletin of IICAS, 30: 69–85.Google Scholar
Subtelny, Maria E. 2001. “The Making of Bukhārā-yi Sharīf: Scholars, Books, and Libraries in Medieval Bukhara.” In Studies on Central Asian History in Honor of Yuri Bregel, ed. Devin DeWeese, 79–111. Bloomington, IN.Google Scholar
Subtelny, Maria E. 2007. Timurids in Transition: Turko-Persian Politics and Acculturation in Medieval Iran. Leiden.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sugiyama, Masaaki 杉山正明. 1983. “Futazu no Chagadai ka ふたつのチャガタイ家” (Two Families of the Chagadaids). In Mei–Sei jidai no seiji to shakai 明淸時代の政治と社會 (Politics and Societies of the Ming and Qing Period), ed. Kazuko, Ono 小野和子, 651–700. Kyoto.Google Scholar
Teixeira, Pedro, et al. 1902. The Travels of Pedro Teixeira: With His “Kings of Harmuz” and Extracts from His “Kings of Persia”. London.Google Scholar
Eduard, Thomas, tr. 1871. The Chronicles of the Pathân Kings of Delhi. London.Google Scholar
Tizengauzen, Vladimir G. et al. 1884. Sbornik materialov, otnosiashchikhsiak istorii Zolotoi ordy. St. Petersburg.Google Scholar
TJG. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
al-ʿUmarī, Aḥmad b. ibn Faḍlallāh, Yaḥya. 1968. Masālik al-abṣār: Das Mongolische Weltreich. al-ʿUmarī’s Darstellung der mongolischen Reiche in seinem Werk Masālik al-abṣār fī mamālik al-amṣār, ed. and tr. Klaus Lech. Wiesbaden.Google Scholar
al-ʿUmarī, Aḥmad b. ibn Faḍlallāh, Yaḥya 1972. A Fourteenth Century Arab Account of India under Sultan Muhammad Bin Tughluq, tr. Iqtidar H. Siddiqi and Qazi M. Ahmad. Aligarh.Google Scholar
Uno, Nobuhiro 宇野伸浩, Muraoka, Hitoshi 村岡倫 and Matsuda, Koichi 松田孝一. 1999. “Genchō kōki Karakorumu jōshi hānkā kensetsu kinen Perushia go hibun no kenkyū 元朝後期カラコルム城市ハーンカー建設記念ペルシア語碑文の硏究” (Studies on the Persian Inscription in Memory of the Establishment of a Khānqāh at Qaraqorum), Nairiku Ajia gengo no kenkyū 內陸アジア言語の硏究 14: 1–65.Google Scholar
Vér, Márton. 2016. “The Postal System of the Mongol Empire in Northeastern Turkestan.” PhD dissertation, University of Szeged.Google Scholar
Vér, Márton 2019. Old Uyghur Documents: Concerning the Postal System of the Mongol Empire. Turnhout.Google Scholar
Vér, Márton Forthcoming. “Interregional Mobility in Eastern Central Asia as Seen in the Old Uyghur and Middle Mongolian Sources and the Mid-Fourteenth Century Crisis.” JRAS.Google Scholar
Vernadsky, George. 1936. “Notes on the History of the Uigurs in the Late Middle Ages.” JAOS 56: 453–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, Hailin 汪海林, “Zai Xinjiang chutude Mengyuan diguo qianbi 在新疆出土的蒙元帝國錢幣” (Coins of the Mongol Empire excavated in Xinjiang), Xinjiang qianbi 新疆錢幣 2004.3: 191–214.Google Scholar
Wang, Hui-Qin, Chen, Feng, Ermenbaev, Bakytbek, and Satylkanov, Rysbek. 2017. “Comparison of Drought-Sensitive Tree-Ring Records from the Tien Shan of Kyrgyzstan and Xinjiang (China) during the Last Six Centuries.” Advances in Climate Change Research 8.1: 18–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, Jinping. 2018. In the Wake of the Mongols: The Making of a New Social Order in North China 1200–1600. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Ward, Leonard J. 1983. “The Ẓafar-nāmah of Ḥamd Allāh Mustaufi and the Il-Khān Dynasty of Iran.” PhD dissertation, 3 vols., University of Manchester.Google Scholar
Waṣṣāf (Vaṣṣāf) al-Ḥaḍrat, ʿAbdallāh. 1852–1853. Tazjiyat al-amṣār va tazjiyat al-aʿṣār (Taʾrīkh-i Waṣṣāf). Bombay.Google Scholar
Waṣṣāf (Vaṣṣāf) al-Ḥaḍra, ʿAbdallāh 2009. Tajziyat al-amṣār wa tazjīyat al-aʿṣār: Ta’rīkh-i Waṣṣāf, vol. 4, ed. Afshār, Iraj et al. Tehran.Google Scholar
Rubruck, William. 1990. The Mission of Friar William of Rubruck: His Journey to the Court of the Great Khan Möngke 1253–1255, ed. and tr. Peter Jackson with David O. Morgan. London.Google Scholar
Wing, Patrick. 2016. The Jalayirids: Dynastic State Formation in the Mongol Middle East. Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Wink, Andre. 2004. Al-Hind, Indo-Islamic Society, vol. 3, 14th–15th Centuries. Leiden.Google Scholar
Woods, John E. 1990. “Timur’s Genealogy.” In Intellectual Studies on Islam: Essays Written in Honor of Martin B. Dickson, ed. Michel M. Mazzaoui and Vera B. Moreen, 85–125. Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Yang, Fuxue 楊富學 and Zhang, Haijuan 張海娟. 2017. Cong Menggu Binwang dao Yuguzu Datoumu 從蒙古豳王到裕固族大頭目 (From the Mongol Prince of Bin to the Chief of the Yugur People). Lanzhou.Google Scholar
Yang, Qiao. 2017. “From the West to the East, from the Sky to the Earth: A Biography of Jamāl al-Dīn.” Asiatische Studien – Études asiatiques 71.4: 1231–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yazdī, Sharaf al-Dīn. 1957. Ẓafarnāma, ed. Muḥammad ʿAbbāsī. Tehran.Google Scholar
Yazdī, Sharaf 1972. Muqaddima-i Ẓafarnāma, ed. Urunbaev, Asom. Tashkent.Google Scholar
Yongle dadian (Great Encyclopedia of the Yongle Period). 1960. facs. ed. Beijing.Google Scholar
YS. See Abbreviations.Google Scholar
Jue, Yuan 袁桷, n.d. Baizhu yuanshuai chushi shishi 拜住元帥出使事實 (The Narrative of the Missions of the Marshal Baiju), in Yuan Jue, Qingrong jushi ji 清容居士集 (Yuan Jue’s Literary Collection), Yuan facsimile ed., Chapter 34. Shanghai.Google Scholar
Yuan, Mingshan 元明善. 1999. “Taishi Qiyang wang Zhongwu wang bei 太師淇陽忠武王碑” (Inscription for the Imperial Preceptor, Prince of Qiyang, the Faithful and Martial). In Quan Yuan wen 24: 332–9. Nanjing.Google Scholar
Yule, Henri, comp. 1967. Cathay and the Way Thither. Nendeln, Liechtenstein.Google Scholar
Zhou, Lingxiao 周良霄. 1986. Hubilie 忽必烈 (Qubilai). Jilin.Google Scholar
Zhou, Ying 周郢. 2013. “Menggu Hanting yu Quanzhendao guanxi xinzheng: Xin faxian de Menggu guo zhengzhi (yizhi, lingzhi) moya kaoshu. 蒙古汗廷與全眞道關係新證—新發現的蒙古國聖旨(懿旨、令旨)摩崖考述” (New Evidence on the Relationship between the Mongol Khanates and Quanzhen Daoism: A Newly Discovered Stone Inscription of Mongol Imperial Edicts (of Emperors, Empresses and Princes)), Zhongguo shi yanjiu 中國史硏究 2013.1: 135–43.Google Scholar
Zieme, Peter. 2011. “Notes on the Religions in the Mongol Empire.” In Islam and Tibet: Interactions along the Musk Routes, ed. Anna Akasoy, Charles Burnett, and Ronit Yoeli-Tlalim, 177–88. Farnham.Google Scholar
Zu, Shengli 祖生利. 2000. “Yuandai baihua beiwen yanjiu 元代白話碑文硏究” (Studies of the Colloquial Stone Inscriptions of the Yuan Dynasty), 2 vols. PhD Dissertation, Zhongguo shehui kexueyuan 中國社會科學院, Beijing.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • Political History
  • Edited by Michal Biran, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hodong Kim, Seoul National University
  • Book: The Cambridge History of the Mongol Empire
  • Online publication: 01 January 2024
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Political History
  • Edited by Michal Biran, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hodong Kim, Seoul National University
  • Book: The Cambridge History of the Mongol Empire
  • Online publication: 01 January 2024
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Political History
  • Edited by Michal Biran, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hodong Kim, Seoul National University
  • Book: The Cambridge History of the Mongol Empire
  • Online publication: 01 January 2024
Available formats
×