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2 - The Empire of the Great Khan

The Yuan Ulus, 1260–1368

from Volume I Part 1 - Political History

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

By
Christopher P. Atwood
Edited by
Michal Biran  and
Hodong Kim
Michal Biran
Affiliation:
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Hodong Kim
Affiliation:
Seoul National University
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Summary

The Yuan Dynasty was defined by Qubilai Qa’an’s adoption of many elements of Chinese administration and his successful conquest of south China; however, the qa’an’s later decades were spent in efforts at further conquests that strained even his immense wealth and delayed the integration of the newly conquered territories. Under his successor and grandson, Temür, the empire turned to a more sustainable style of laissez-faire rule. From Temür’s death in 1307 on, however, the regime was roiled by succession conflicts, often pitting steppe-based candidates against those with more experience in the south. In these conflicts, the legacy of Qubilai Qa’an became a useful tool for those opposed to further adoption of Chinese-style methods. These conflicts exhausted the regime’s coffers and left it vulnerable to severe climate change in the mid-fourteenth century; the resulting unrest toppled the dynasty. Still, the Yuan left a legacy of unification for China’s succeeding Ming dynasty.

Keywords

Qubilai Qa’anYuan dynastyDaduShangdufourteenth-century crisisAḥmadSanggagrain reservessouth China1328 Civil WarToqto’a Taishi
Type
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The Cambridge History of the Mongol Empire , pp. 107 - 180
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

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