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15 - The Orthodox Church

from Part II - The Expansion, Consolidation and Crisis of Muscovy (1462–1613)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 March 2008

By
David Miller
Edited by
Maureen Perrie
Maureen Perrie
Affiliation:
University of Birmingham
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Summary

In 1448 Grand Prince Vasilii II of Moscow and a council of bishops of the see of Kiev and all Rus’ within his control elevated Bishop Iona of Riazan’ to the office of metropolitan. They did so to forestall the appointment of a metropolitan unsympathetic to Moscow and, worse, sympathetic to the union with Rome concluded at Florence in 1438. Vasilii and the bishops expected that an Orthodox patriarch of Constantinople would consecrate Iona, but in 1453 Constantinople fell to the Turks. By the time Iona died in 1461, Vasilii and his bishops agreed that his elevation without the patriarch’s approval was canonical. Moscow’s rulers and their prelates chose Feodosii (1461–4) and Filipp (1464–73) to succeed Iona with the title ‘metropolitan of all Rus’’. But the Rus’ they administered was commensurate with the authority of the Muscovite state. Moscow’s metropolitans continued to claim jurisdiction over the Lithuanian and Novgorod eparchies, but they were to administer only those coming under Muscovite rule. Yet Muscovites interpreted Iona’s elevation in a manner that accorded the see an exceptional destiny. In one of many letters demanding that they accept him, Iona told the Orthodox bishops of Lithuania that, when Constantinople accepted union with Rome, it forfeited divine protection and fell to the Turks. Another letter said that Iona was ‘by God’s will installed in this great office… by all the archbishops and bishops of the present Orthodox great Russian autocracy of the sovereign and my son the Grand Prince Vasilii Vasil’evich’.

Keywords

popular religiosityOrthodox ChurchNovgorodMoscowPskov heresyTime of Troubles
Type
Chapter
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The Cambridge History of Russia , pp. 338 - 359
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2006

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