Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-669899f699-chc8l Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-05-05T20:41:23.433Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

15 - Trade Integration

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 May 2025

By
Petros C. Mavroidis
General editor
Randall Lesaffer
Edited by
Robert Kolb  and
Momchil Milanov
Randall Lesaffer
Affiliation:
KU Leuven and Tilburg University
Robert Kolb
Affiliation:
Université de Genève
Momchil Milanov
Affiliation:
International Court of Justice
Get access

Summary

Accounts concerning the world trading system usually start the debate from the negotiation of the GATT. Trade integration before the First World War, though, had been quite remarkable, and the study of this era enriches our understanding of modern institutions in at least two ways. First, a number of GATT provisions had already been shaped during discussions following the advent of the League of Nations. Second, trade integration before the First World War did not manage to put a brake on belligerent behaviour, putting to rest the old Montesquieuan idea of doux commerce. Recent developments (like the invasion of Ukraine by Russia) can be analysed in this context, so that the world trading community can better grasp the limits of trade integration, and its impact on international relations.

Keywords

protectionismanti-dumpingtreaties of friendship and navigationGATT
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge History of International Law , pp. 469 - 500
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2025

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Book purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Further Reading

Ahamed, Liaquat, Lords of Finance. 1929, the Great Depression, and the Bankers Who Broke the World (London: Windmill Books 2009).Google Scholar
Angell, Norman, The Great Illusion. A Study of the Relation of Military Power in Nations to Their Economic and Social Advantage (London: G.P. Putnam & Sons 1910).Google Scholar
Ashton, Thomas S., ‘Review of The Anglo-French Treaty of Commerce of 1860 and the progress of the Industrial Revolution in France’, Economic Journal, 41 (1931) 489–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barros, James, Betrayal from Within. Joseph Avenol, Secretary-General of the League of Nations 1933–1940 (New Haven: Yale University Press 1969).Google Scholar
Barros, James, Office without Power. Secretary-General Sir Eric Drummond, 1919–1933 (Oxford: Oxford University Press 1979).Google Scholar
Berg, Scott A., Wilson (New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons 2013).Google Scholar
Brands, Henry W., Woodrow Wilson (New York City, New York: Macmillan 2003).Google Scholar
Lord Cecil, Robert, All the Way (London: Hodder & Stoughton 1949).Google Scholar
Charnovitz, Steve, ‘Exploring the environmental exceptions in GATT Article xx’ Journal of World Trade, 25 (1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cho, Sungjoon, The Social Foundations of World Trade: Norms, Community, and Constitution (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2015).Google Scholar
Clarke, Stephen O., Exchange-Rate Stabilization in the Mid-1930s. Negotiating the Tripartite Agreement (Princeton: Princeton Studies in International Finance 1977).Google Scholar
Clavin, Patricia, Securing the World Economy. The Reinvention of the League of Nations, 1920–1946 (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2013).Google Scholar
Colijn, Hendrikus, ‘The World Economic Conference of 1927’, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 134 (1927) 140–4.Google Scholar
Commercial Policy in the Interwar Period (Geneva: League of Nations 1942).Google Scholar
Cooper, John Milton Jr, Woodrow Wilson. A Biography (New York: Penguin Random House 2011).Google Scholar
Dallek, Robert, Franklin D. Roosevelt. A Political Life (New York: Viking Press 2017).Google Scholar
Dean, John W., Warren Harding (New York: Time Books 2004).Google Scholar
Dunham, Arthur L., The Anglo-French Treaty of Commerce of 1860 and the Progress of the Industrial Revolution in France (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press 1930).Google Scholar
Eichengreen, Barry, Hall of Mirrors. The Great Depression, the Great Recession, and the Uses –and Misuses – of History (New York: Oxford University Press 2015).Google Scholar
Eichengreen, Barry, ‘Versailles: the economic legacy’, International Affairs, 95 (2019) 7–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fanning, Richard, Peace and Disarmament. Naval Rivalry and Arms Control 1922–1933 (Lexington: University of Kentucky Press 1995).Google Scholar
Grueff, James, ‘The United States and the International Convention for the Abolition of Import and Export Prohibitions and Restrictions’ (2015), available at www.waseda.jp/inst/oris/assets/uploads/2015/10/2-1-3_20150803184118_vvrjnm6036sj6umgf0lu8q7h50.pdf.Google Scholar
Hawkins, Harry, Commercial Treaties and Agreements. Principles & Practice (New York: Rinehart & Company 1951).Google Scholar
Hill, Martin, Economic and Financial Organization of the League of Nations. A Survey of Twenty-Five Years of Experience (Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 1946).Google Scholar
Irwin, Douglas A., Against the Tide. An Intellectual History of Free Trade (Princeton: Princeton University Press 1996).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Irwin, Douglas A., Clashing over Commerce (Chicago: University of Chicago Press 2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Irwin, Douglas A., Mavroidis, Petros C. and Sykes, Alan O., The Genesis of the GATT (New York: Cambridge University Press 2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keynes, John Maynard, The Economic Consequences of the Peace (London: Macmillan 1919).Google Scholar
Keynes, John Maynard, ‘The German transfer problem’, Economic Journal, 39 (1929) 1–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kindleberger, Charles P., The World in Depression 1929–1939 (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press 1986).Google Scholar
Kotkin, Stephen, Stalin. Paradoxes of Power (1878–1928) (New York: Penguin Books 2014).Google Scholar
Leddy, John, ‘United States commercial policy and the domestic farm program’ in Kelly, William B. Jr (ed.), Studies in United States Policy (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press 1963) 174–226.Google Scholar
Lodge, Henry Cabot, The Senate and the League of Nations (Galway: MW Books 1925).Google Scholar
Malin, James, The United States after the World War (Boston: Ginn and Company 1930).Google Scholar
Marchetti, Juan A., and Mavroidis, Petros C., ‘The genesis of GATS’, European Journal of International Law, 22 (2011) 689–721.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mavroidis, Petros C., The Regulation of International Trade (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press 2016).Google Scholar
Mazower, Mark, No Enchanted Palace (Princeton: Princeton University Press 2008).Google Scholar
Morris, Edmund, The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt (New York: Coward, McCann & Geoghegan 2001).Google Scholar
Morrison, Andrew (ed.), Free Trade and Its Reception. 1815–1960 (New York: Taylor & Francis 2003).Google Scholar
Northedge, Frederick S., The League of Nations, Its Life and Times. 1920–1946 (Leicester: Leicester University Press 1986).Google Scholar
Ohlin, Bertil, ‘The reparation problem: a discussion’, Economic Journal, 39 (1929) 178–82.Google Scholar
Pedersen, Susan, The Guardians (New York: Oxford University Press 2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Runciman, David, The Confidence Trap (Princeton: Princeton University Press 2013).Google Scholar
Runciman, W. Leslie, ‘The World Economic Conference at Geneva’, Economic Journal, 37 (1927) 465–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, Leonard V., Sovereignty at the Paris Conference of 1919 (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steil, Benn, The Battle of Bretton Woods. John Maynard Keynes, Harry Dexter White, and the Making of a New World Order (Princeton: Princeton University Press 2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taussig, Frank W., The Tariff History of the United States (New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, The Knickerbocker Press, 1988, reprinted in 2005 by Elibron Classics).Google Scholar
Tollardo, Elisabetta, Fascist Italy and the League of Nations, 1922–1935 (London: Palgrave Macmillan 2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tollardo, Elisabetta, ‘International experts or Fascist envoys? Alberto Theodoli and Pietro Stoppani at the League of Nations’, New Global Studies, 10 (2016) 12–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walters, Francis P., A History of the League of Nations (London: Oxford University Press 1952).Google Scholar
Wells, Herbert G., The Shape of Things to Come (1933, London: Penguin 2005).Google Scholar
Wells, Herbert G., ‘The war that will end war’, Daily News, 14 August 1914.Google Scholar
Westad, Odd A., The Cold War (New York: Basic Books 2017).Google Scholar
Wilson, Theodore A., The First Summit. Roosevelt and Churchill at Placentia Bay (1941, rev. edn, Lawrence: University Press of Kansas 1991).Google Scholar
Woytinsky, Wladimir S., and Woytinsky, Emma S., World Commerce and Governments. Trends and Outlook (New York: The Twentieth Century Fund 1955).Google Scholar
Yearwood, Peter, Guarantee of Peace. The League of Nations in British Policy 1914–1925 (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×