Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Introduction: Christendom, c. 600
- Part I Foundations: Peoples, Places, and Traditions
- 1 Late Roman Christianities
- 2 The emergence of Byzantine Orthodoxy, 600–1095
- 3 Beyond empire I: Eastern Christianities from the Persian to the Turkish conquest, 604–1071
- 4 Beyond empire II: Christianities of the Celtic peoples
- 5 Germanic Christianities
- 6 Slav Christianities, 800–1100
- Part II Christianity in Confrontation
- Part III Christianity in the Social and Political Order
- Part IV Christianity as Lived Experience
- Part V Christianity: Books and Ideas
- Conclusion: Christendom, c. 1100
- Bibliographies
- Index
- References
1 - Late Roman Christianities
from Part I - Foundations: Peoples, Places, and Traditions
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 March 2010
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Introduction: Christendom, c. 600
- Part I Foundations: Peoples, Places, and Traditions
- 1 Late Roman Christianities
- 2 The emergence of Byzantine Orthodoxy, 600–1095
- 3 Beyond empire I: Eastern Christianities from the Persian to the Turkish conquest, 604–1071
- 4 Beyond empire II: Christianities of the Celtic peoples
- 5 Germanic Christianities
- 6 Slav Christianities, 800–1100
- Part II Christianity in Confrontation
- Part III Christianity in the Social and Political Order
- Part IV Christianity as Lived Experience
- Part V Christianity: Books and Ideas
- Conclusion: Christendom, c. 1100
- Bibliographies
- Index
- References
Summary
Theological identities, regional differences
Under the heading “identities,” we must ask what gave late Roman Christian communities their specific characters. We are dealing with a plural: “Christianities.” The late Roman period was, in religion as in much else, a fractured age. What lay at the root of the resulting variety? Leaders of government and church pleaded for universal loyalty – to empire and orthodoxy above all. By 600 CE, Christians found themselves nevertheless divided geographically into four main blocs. The Latin West was extensively settled by “barbarians” and strained in its relations with the East. The “Chalcedonian” church, centered on Constantinople, retained a more nuanced attachment to the Council of 451. Disaffected Christians in Egypt and western Syria, opposed to the Council, subscribed more explicitly to a “one-nature” or “miaphysite” theology. The church of East Syria distanced itself increasingly from all such preoccupations, deeply affected by its proximity to Persia and the Arabs.
It is tempting to describe and therefore explain those divisions in terms of theological dispute. Dispute there certainly was, and it was not a mere front for other principles or prejudices: the issues at stake affected the core of Christian belief and must be paid respect. The disorder and acrimony of the fifth and sixth centuries had roots reaching back at least to the Council of Nicaea (325). Arius, condemned at that council, appeared to qualify the divinity ascribable to Jesus. Forceful opponents of his position – notably Apollinarius of Laodicea (d. c. 390) – downplayed the permanence of God the Son’s humanity in the name of divine unity.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The Cambridge History of Christianity , pp. 19 - 45Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2008
References
Acta conciliorum oecumenicorum. Ed. . 4 vols. in 15. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1914–84.
. Kitâb fitûh al-buldân. Trans. . The Origins of the Islamic State. New York: Columbia University Press, 1916.Google Scholar
Evagrius Scholasticus the Church Historian. Louvain: Spicilegium Sacrum Lovaniense, 1981.
and . Severus of Antioch. London: Roulledge, 2004.
and , eds. The Sixth Century: End or Beginning?
Brisbane: Australian Association for Byzantine Sludies, 1996.
, “pars posterior,” in Ammianus Marcellinus
3. Trans, (with Latin text . Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1952.Google Scholar
A History of Eastern Christianity. 2nd ed. Millwood, NY: Kraus Reprinl, 1980.
“Building Urban Christian Communities: Sermons on Local Sainls in the Eusebius Gallicanus Collection.” Early Medieval Europe
12 (2003).Google Scholar
, and . Die apostolische Kirche des Ostens: Geschichte der sogenannten Nestorianer. Klagenfurt: Kilab, 2000; English trans.: The Church of the East: A Concise History. London: Roulledge/Curzon, 2003.Google Scholar
“Alexandria and Conslanlinople: A Study in Ecclesiastical Diplomacy” (first published 1926), reprinted in his Byzantine Studies and Other Essays. London: University of London Athlone Press, 1955.Google Scholar
The Fragmentary Classicizing Historians of the Later Roman Empire. 2 vols. Liverpool: Francis Cairns, 1981–83.
Hellenism in Late Antiquity. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 1990.
The Luminous Eye: The Spiritual World Vision of St. Ephrem. Rev. ed. Kalamazoo, MI: Cislercian Publications, 1992.
Studies in Syriac Christianity: History, Literature and Theology. Aldershot: Variorum, 1992.
Syriac Perspectives on Late Antiquity. London: Variorum, 1984.
, , and , eds. Towns and their Territories between Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. Leiden: Brill, 2000.
and , eds. The Idea and Ideal of the Town between Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. Leiden: Brill, 1999.
The Cult of the Saints: Its Rise and Function in Latin Christianity. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981.
Poverty and Leadership in the Later Roman Empire. Hanover, MA: University of New England Press, 2001.
Power and Persuasion in Late Antiquity: Towards a Christian Empire. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1992.
, , and , eds. Governanti e intellettuali, popolo di Roma epopolo di dio (I-VI secolo). Turin: Giappichelli, 1982.
and , eds. Urban Centers and Rural Contexts in Late Antiquity. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press, 2001.
. Agathias. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1970.
Procopius and the Sixth Century. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1985.
, , and , eds. Cambridge Ancient History. Vol. 14.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Gentlemen and Officers: Imperial Administration and Aristocratic Power in Byzantine Italy, A.D. 554–800. London: British School at Rome, 1984.
, K.Justinian and Theodora. Rev. ed. London: Thames and Hudson, 1987.
A History of the Ostrogoths. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1984.
. Caesarius of Aries: Life, Testament, Letters. Trans. . Translated Texts for Historians 19. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1994.
. Sermones. Ed. . Corpus christianorum series latina
103, 104.
Turnhout: Brepols, 1953; Eng. trans. . Caesarius of Aries: Sermons. 3 vols. Fathers of the Church 31, 47, 66. New York: Fathers of the Church, 1956; Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 1963, 1973.Google Scholar
, and , eds. La Syriede Byzance à l’Islam VIIe-VIIIe siècles. Damascus: Institut français d’etudes Arabes de Damas, 1992.
. Institutiones. Ed. . Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1937.
Three Monophysite Christologies: Severus of Antioch, Philoxenus of Mabbug, and Jacob of Sarug. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1976.
The Lombards: The Ancient Longobards. Oxford: Blackwell, 1995.
, and , eds. Towns in Transition: Urban Evolution in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. Aldershot: Scolar Press, 1996.
, and , eds. Columbanus and Merovingian Monasticism. British Archaeological Reports, International Series 113. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports, 1981.
, and , eds. The Church of the East: Life and Thought. Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library
78/3 (1996).
Codex Theodosianus. Ed. . Berlin: Weidmann, 1923–26; Eng. trans. . The Theodosian Code and Novels, and the Sirmondian Constitutions. In collaboration with and , and with an introduction by . Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1952.Google Scholar
Collectio Avellana. Ed. . Corpus scriptorum ecclesiasticorum latinorum
35.
Vienna: Tempsky, 1895, 1898.Google Scholar
Concilia Galliae, 511–695. Ed. . Corpus christianorum series latina
148A.
Turnhout: Brepols, 1963.Google Scholar
. Flavii Cresconii Corippi: lohannidos libri VIII. Ed. and . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970.
. Flavius Cresconius Corippus: In laudem lustini Augusti minoris. Ed. and trans. . London: Athlone Press, 1976.
The Byzantine Eye: Studies in Art and Patronage. London: Variorum Reprints, 1989.
Corpus iuris civilis. Vol. 1: Institutiones. Ed. ; Digesta. Ed. and . Vol. 2: Codex Justinianus. Ed. . Vol. 3: Novellae. Ed. and . Berlin: Weidmann, 1928–29.Google Scholar
. Cyril of Alexandria: Select Letters. Ed. and trans. . Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1983.
Empereur et prêtre: étude sur le “césaropapisme” byzantin. Paris: Gallimard, 1995; English trans. . Emperor and Priest: The Imperial Office in Byzantium. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.Google Scholar
Naissance d’une capitate: Constantinople et ses institutions de 330 à 451. Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1974.
“L’ombre d’un doute: l’hagiographie en question, VIe-XIe siècle.” Dumbarton Oaks Papers
46 (1992).Google Scholar
La romanité chrétienne en Orient: héritages et mutations. London: Variorum, 1984.
La législation religieuse franque de Clovis á Charlemagne: étude sur les actes des conciles et des capitulaires, les statuts diocésains et les règies monastiques, 5 07—814. Louvain: Bureaux du Receuil, Bibliothèque de l’Université, 1936–58.
Philoxène de Mabbog: sa vie, ses écrits, sa théologie. Louvain: Imprimerie orientaliste, 1963.
Views from a Many-Windowed Tower: Studies of Imagination in the Works of Gregory of Tours. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1987.
Word, Image and Experience: Dynamics of Miracle and Self-Perception in Sixth-Century Gaul. Collected Studies 771. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2003.
Patrick, the Pilgrim Apostle of Ireland (including the Confessio and Epistola). Ed. and trans, with analysis and commentary. Dublin: Veritas, 1998.
, and , with , eds. Topographies of Power in the Early Middle Ages. Leiden: Brill, 2001.
Julien d’Halicarnasse et sa controverse avec Sévère d’Antioche sur l’incorruptibilité du corps du Christ: étude d’histoire littéraire et doctrinale suivie des fragments dogmatiques de Julien (texte syriaque et traduction grecque). Louvain: Smeesters, 1924.
Drei dogmatische Schriften lustinians. Ed. , Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, phil.-hist. Abteilung, neue Folge 18. Munich: Beck, 1939.
History and Religion in Late Antique Syria. Aldershot: Variorum, 1994.
Die Macht der Weisheit: Das Bild des Bischofs in der Vita Augustini des Possidius und anderen spätantiken und frühmittelalterlichen Bischofsviten. Leiden: Brill, 2003.
Art and the Roman Viewer: The Transformation of Art from the Pagan World to Christianity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
. Hymns on Paradise. Trans.
Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir’s Seminary Press, 1990.
. The Harp of the Spirit: Eighteen Poems of Saint Ephrem. Trans. . 2nd ed. London: Fellowship of St. Alban and St. Sergius, 1983.
. Vita Severini. Ed. . Corpus scriptorum ecclesiasticorum latinorum 9, part 2. Vienna: C. Geroldi, 1886; Eng. trans. . The Life of Saint Severin. With the collaboration of . Fathers of the Church 55. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 1965.Google Scholar
. The Ecclesiastical History of Evagrius with the Scholia. Ed. and . London: Methuen, 1898; reprinted New York: AMS Press, 1979; Eng. trans. . The Ecclesiastical History of Evagrius Scholasticus. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2000.Google Scholar
. Pro defensione trium capitularum, libri XII. Ed. and . Corpus christianorum series latina 90A. Turnhout: Brepols, 1974; French trans. . Facundus d’Hermiane: Défense des trois chapîtres. Sources chrétiennes
471, 478–79.
Paris: Éditions du Cerf, 2002–2003.Google Scholar
The Rise of Magu: in Early Medieval Europe. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1991.
, ed. Pilgrimage and Holy Space in Late Antique Egypt. Leiden: Brill, 1998.
The Rise of the Monophysite Movement: Chapters in the History of the Church in the Fifth and Sixth Centuries. London: Cambridge University Press, 1972.
Barsauma of Nisibis and Persian Christianity in the Fifth Century, Corpus scriptorum christianorum orientalium 426, Subsidia 63. Louvain: Peelers, 1981.
, and . Christians in Asia before 1500. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 1999.
, , and , eds. Regna et gentes: The Relationship between Late Antique and Early Medieval Peoples and Kingdoms in the Transformation of the Roman World. Leiden: Brill, 2003.
Martyrium: recherches sur le culte des reliques et I’art chrétien antique. 3 vols. Paris: Collège de France, 1946.
The Defense of Chakedon in the East (451–553). Leiden: Brill, 1979.
. Gregorii Episcopi Turonensis Libri historiarum X. Ed. and . Monumenta Germaniae Historica scriptores rerum merovingicarum. 1.1. Hanover: Hahn, 1951, 1993; English trans. . Gregory of Tours: The History of the Franks. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1974.Google Scholar
. Cura pastoralis [Pastoral Care]. Ed. . Introduction and notes . French trans. . Grégoire le Grand: Règie pastorale. Sources chrétiennes
381–82.
Paris: Éditions du Cerf, 1992; English trans. . Ancient Christian Writers 11.
New York: Newman Press, 1950.Google Scholar
. Dialogues. Ed. and French trans. . Grégoire le Grand: Dialogues. Sources chrétiennes
251, 260, 265.
Paris: Éditions du Cerf, 1978–80; English trans. . Fathers of the Church 39. New York: Fathers of the Church, 1959.Google Scholar
. Sancti Gregorii Magni Registrum epistularum. Ed. . Corpus christianorum series latina
140.
Turnhout: Brepols, 1982.Google Scholar
Voxpopuli: Popular Opinion and Violence in the Religious Controversies of the Fifth Century A.D. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press, 1979.
“Ephraem, the Deacon of Edessa, and the Church of the Empire.” In Diakonia: Studies in Honor of Robert T. Meyer. Ed. and . Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 1986.Google Scholar
Jesus der Christus im Glauben der Kirche. Freiburg im Breisgau: Herder, 1979; English trans. . Christ in Christian Tradition. Atlanta, GA: John Knox Press, 1975.Google Scholar
, and , eds. Das Konzil von Chalkedon: Geschtihte und Gegenwart. Wurzburg: Echter-Verlag, 1951–54.
Romanos le Mélode et les origines de la poésie religieuse à Byzance. With a preface by . Paris: Beauchesne, 1977.
Alexandria in Late Antiquity: Topography and Social Conflict. Baltimore, MA: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997.
, and , eds. The Cult of Saints in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages: Essays on the Contribution of Peter Brown. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.
Bischofsherrschaft in Gallien: zur Kontinuität römischer Führungsschtihten vom 4. bis zum 7. Jahrhundert: soziale, prosopographische und bildungsgeschichtliche Aspekte. Beihefte der Francia 5. Munich: Artemis, 1976.
Gregor von Tours (538–594), “zehn Bucher Geschichte”: Historiographie und Gesellschaftskonzept im 6. Jahrhundert. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschafl, 1994; English trans. . Gregory of Tours: History and Society in the Sixth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Translationsberichte und andere Quellen des Reliquienkultes. Turnhout: Brepols, 1979.
, and , eds. The Bobbio Missal: Liturgy and Religious Culture in Merovingian Gaul. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
Culture and Religion in Merovingian Gaul, AD 481–751. Leiden: Brill, 1995.
The Formation of Christendom. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1987.
Disciples of the Desert: Monks, Laity, and Spiritual Authority in Sixth-Century Gaza. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005.
. Life of Hilary of Arles. Ed. . Introduction, French trans., and notes . Honoratde Marseille: La vie d’Hilaire d’Arles. Sources chrétiennes
404.
Paris: Éditions du Cerf, 1995.Google Scholar
Holy Land Pilgrimage in the Later Roman Empire, AD 312–460. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1982.
. De sacerdotio. Ed. with introduction, French trans., and notes by . Jean Chrysostome: Sur le sacerdoce. Sources chrétiennes
272.
Paris: Éditions du Cerf, 1980.Google Scholar
. Historiae ecclesiasticae pars tertia. Ed. . 2 vols. Corpus scriptorum christianorum orientalium
105–106, Scriptores syri. Reprinted Louvain: Durbecq, 1952.Google Scholar
. Lives of the Eastern Saints. Ed. and trans. . Patrologia orientalis 17, fasc. 1 (chapters 1–23); Patrologia orientalis
18, fasc. 4 (chapters 24–49); Patrologia orientalis
19, fasc. 2 (chapters 50–58). Paris: Firmin-Didot, 1923–26.Google Scholar
. Vita Columbani. Ed. , Monumenta Germaniae Historica scriptores rerum merovingicarum. 4.
Hanover: Hahn, 1902.Google Scholar
“Were Ancient Heresies National or Social Movements in Disguise?” Journal of Theological Studies 10 (1959). Reprinted in his The Roman Economy. Ed. . Oxford: Blackwell, 1974.Google Scholar
, , and . The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire. 3 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1971–92.
. Departibus divinae legis. Patrologia latina = Patrologiae cursus completus. Series secunda in qua prodeunt patres… ecclesiae latinae. Comp. by . 221 in 222 vols. Paris, 1844–64.
Procopius of Caesarea: Tyranny, History, and Philosophy at the End of Antiquity. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004.
Caesarius of Aries: The Making of a Christian Community in Late Antique Gaul. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1965. 4th ed. rev. and . New York: Penguin Books, 1986.
Geschichte der byzantinischen Litteratur. 2nd ed. Ed. and . Munich: Beck, 1897.
, , and , eds. After Chalcedon: Studies in Theology and Church History Offered to Professor Albert Van Roey for his Seventieth Birthday. Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 18. Louvain: Peelers, 1985.
John Philoponus and the Controversies over Chalcedon in the Sixth Century: A Study and Translation of the Arbiter. Louvain: Peelers, 2001.
, ed. Columbanus: Studies on the Latin Writings. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 1997.
L’eglise d’Orient: Chrétiens d’Irak, d’Iran et de Turquie. Paris: Éditions du Cerf, 1995.
Information and Frontiers: Roman Foreign Relations in Late Antiquity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.CrossRef
. Leontius, Presbyter of Constantinople: Fourteen Homilies. Trans, with introduction and notes and . Byzantina Australiensia
9.
Brisbane: Australian Association for Byzantine Studies, 1991.Google Scholar
Authority and Asceticism from Augustine to Gregory the Great. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.
Artand Ceremony in Late Antiquity. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1981.
, , and , eds. Learned Antiquity: Scholarship and Society in the Near East, the Greco-Roman World and the Early Medieval West. Louvain: Peelers, 2003.
Christianity and Paganism in the Fourth to Eighth Centuries. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1997.
, ed. New Constantines: The Rhythm of Imperial Renewal in Byzantium, 4th-13th Centuries. Aldershot: Variorum, 1994.
Hagia Sophia: Architecture, Structure, and Liturgy of Justinian’s Great Church. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1988.
Byzantine Architecture. New York: Abrams, 1974.
Studies on Constantinople. Aldershot: Variorum, 1993.
The End of Ancient Christianity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
Gregory the Great and his World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
Art and Architecture in Byzantium and Armenia: Liturgical and Exegetical Approaches. Aldershot: Variorum, 1995.
The Clash of Gods: A Reinterpretation of Early Christian Art. Rev. ed. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999.
The Early Churches of Constantinople: Architecture and Liturgy. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1971.
, and , eds. Society and Culture in Late Antique Gaul: Revisiting the Sources. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2001.
Ecclesiastical Factionalism and Religious Controversy in Fifth-Century Gaul. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 1989.
The Coming of Christianity to Anglo-Saxon England. London: Batsford, 1972.
L’episcopal de l’Afrique romaine, vandale, et byzantine. Rome: Institut suisse de Rome, 1973.
. The History of Menander the Guardsman. Introductory essay, text, trans., and historiographical notes . Liverpool: Francis Cairns, 1985.
Imperial Unity and Christian Divisions: The Church, 450–680 AD. Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir’s Seminary Press, 1989.
, ed. Constructing Identities in Late Antiquity. London: Routledge, 1999.
. Dreams in Late Antiquity: Studies in the Imagination of a Culture. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994.
, and , eds. Conversion in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages: Seeing and Believing. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press, 2003.
, and , eds. Ethnicity and Culturein Late Antiquity. London: Duckworth, 2000.
Dreams, Visions and Spiritual Authority in Merovingian Gaul. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2000.
Cassiodorus. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1979.
Monk and Mason on the Tigris Frontier: The Early History of Tur ’Abdin. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
“Ancienne hagiographie byzantine et histoire sociale.” Annales 23 (1968). English trans. in , ed. Saints and their Cults: Studies in Religious Sociology, Folklore, and History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.Google Scholar
Pauvreté économique et pauvreté sociale à Byzance, 4e–7e siècles. Paris: Mouton, 1977.
The Diatessaron and Ephrem Syrus as Sources of Romanos the Melodist. Corpus scriptorum christianorum orientalium
475, subsidia 74. Louvain: Peeters, 1985.
, ed. Kingdoms of the Empire: The Integration of Barbarians in Late Antiquity. Leiden: Brill, 1997.
. Fragmentum Historicorum Graecorum
4. Ed. . Paris: Firmin-Didot, 1885.
. Wars, Secret History, and Buildings. English trans., introduction, and notes . 7 vols. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1914–40.
Publizistische Sammlungen zum acacianischen Schisma. Ed. , Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, phil.-hist. Abteilung, n. F, Heft 10. Munich: Beck, 1934.
. Holy Bishops in Late Antiquity: The Nature of Christian Leadership in an Age of Transition. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2005.CrossRef
Vies de saints, vie de famille: représentation et système de la parenté dans le royaume mérovingien (481–751) d’après les sources hagiographiques. Turnhout: Brepols, 2001.CrossRef
, and , eds. After Bardaisan: Studies on Continuity and Change in Syriac Christianity in Honour of Professor Han J. W. Drijvers. Louvain: Peeters, 1999.
Consul of God: The Life and Times of Gregory the Great. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1980.
Éducation et culture dans l’occident barbare. Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 1962; English trans. . Education and Culture in the Barbarian West, Sixth through Eighth Centuries. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1976.Google Scholar
. Romanos le Mélode: hymnes. Ed. with introduction, French trans., and notes . Sources chrétiennes
99, no, 110, 128, 283. Paris: Éditions du Cerf, 1964–81.Google Scholar
Croire et guérir: la foi en Gaule dans l’antiquité tardive. Paris: Fayard, 1990.
Le rôle de la hiérarchie syriaque orientale dans les rapports diplomatiques entre la Perse et Byzance aux Ve–VIIe siècles. Paris: n.p., 1986.
Sacred Song from the Byzantine Pulpit: Romanos the Melodist. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 1995.
Imperialism and Jewish Society, 200 B.C.E. to 640 C.E.
Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2004.
Edessa “The Blessed City.”
Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1970.
. Sévère d’Antioche: la polémique antijulianiste. Ed. with French trans. . Corpus scriptorum christianorum orientalium, Scriptores syri. Louvain: Secrétariat du Corpus scriptorum christianorum orientalium, 1964–71.Google Scholar
. Sidonius: Poems and Letters. English trans., introduction, and notes . 2 vols. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1936–65.
Saint Martin and his Hagiographer: History and Miracle in Sulpicius Severus. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1983.
John Rufus and the World Vision of Anti-Chalcedonian Culture. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2002.
Renouncing the World yet Leading the Church: The Monk-Bishop in Late Antiquity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004.
Gregory the Great: Perfection in Imperfection. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1988.
. Sulpice Sévère: vie de saint Martin. Ed. with introduction, French trans., and notes . Sources chrétiennes
133–35.
Paris: Éditions du Cerf, 1967–69.Google Scholar
Liturgy in Byzantium and Beyond. Aldershot: Variorum, 1995.
Who Was Saint Patrick?
New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1985.
. Life of St. Patrick. In . Patrician Texts in the Book of Armagh. Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1979.Google Scholar
Christology after Chalcedon: Severus of Antioch and Sergius the Monophysite. Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock, 1998.
, and . Collectio Tripartita: Justinian on Religious and Ecclesiastical Affairs. Groningen: Forsten, 1994.
, and , eds. Monophysite Texts of the Sixth Century. Louvain: Peelers, 1994.
Vies des pères du jura. Ed. with introduction, French trans., and notes . Sources chrétiennes 142.
Paris: Éditions du Cerf. 1968; English trans. , , and . The Lives of the Jura Fathers. Cislercian Series 178. Kalamazoo, MI: Cislercian Publications, 1999.Google Scholar
Vigiliusbriefe: zur Kirchenpolitik Iustinians. Ed. , rev. ed. . Silzungsberichle der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaflen, phil.-hist. Ableilung, 1940, 2.
Munich: Beck, 1940.
History of the School of Nisibis. Corpus scriptorum christianorum orientalium
266, Subsidia 26. Louvain: Secrétariat du Corpus scriptorum christianorum orientalium, 1965.
Holy City, Holy Places: Christian Attitudes to Jerusalem and the Holy Land in the Fourth Century. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990.
From Classical Antiquity to the Middle Ages: Urban Public Building in Northern and Central Italy, AD 300–850. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984.
Cyril of Alexandria and the Nestorian Controversy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.
Frontiers of the Roman Empire: A Social and Economic Study. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994.
Early Medieval Italy: Central Power and Local Society, 400–1000. London: Macmillan, 1981.
The Land Called Holy: Palestine in Christian History and Thought. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1992.
, ed. Franks and Alamanni in the Merovingian Period: An Ethnographic Perspective. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 1998.
, The Merovingian Kingdoms, 450–751. London: Longman, 1994.
, The Missionary Life: Saints and the Evangelisation of Europe, 400–1050. Harlow: Longman, 2001.
- 3
- Cited by