Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Introduction
- PART I INSTITUTIONS AND CHANGE: 1100–1200
- PART II FORGING A CHRISTIAN WORLD, 1200–1300
- PART III THE ERECTION OF BOUNDARIES
- 10 Christians and Jews
- 11 Christendom and Islam
- 12 Christians and heretics
- 13 Women and men
- 14 Heaven, hell and purgatory: 1100–1500
- PART IV SHAPES OF A CHRISTIAN WORLD
- PART V CHRISTIAN LIFE IN MOVEMENT
- PART VI THE CHALLENGES TO A CHRISTIAN SOCIETY
- PART VII REFORM AND RENEWAL
- Select bibliography
- Index
- Map 1 Western Europe c. 1100 – c. 1500
- Map 2 Universities of Europe
- References
11 - Christendom and Islam
from PART III - THE ERECTION OF BOUNDARIES
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 March 2010
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Introduction
- PART I INSTITUTIONS AND CHANGE: 1100–1200
- PART II FORGING A CHRISTIAN WORLD, 1200–1300
- PART III THE ERECTION OF BOUNDARIES
- 10 Christians and Jews
- 11 Christendom and Islam
- 12 Christians and heretics
- 13 Women and men
- 14 Heaven, hell and purgatory: 1100–1500
- PART IV SHAPES OF A CHRISTIAN WORLD
- PART V CHRISTIAN LIFE IN MOVEMENT
- PART VI THE CHALLENGES TO A CHRISTIAN SOCIETY
- PART VII REFORM AND RENEWAL
- Select bibliography
- Index
- Map 1 Western Europe c. 1100 – c. 1500
- Map 2 Universities of Europe
- References
Summary
Given the great variety of Christian and Muslim cultures in the Middle Ages, it should not be surprising that relations between the two defy synthesis. The relationships to Islam of the many Christians who lived in Muslim lands, for example, were very different from those of Christians living in orthodox Christian Byzantium or Catholic Latin Europe. The word ‘Christendom’ in the title therefore reflects a sharp but necessary abridgement of the topic. This article will focus only on those lands that came to think of themselves as ‘Christendom’: that is, Catholic Western Europe, from the Iberian to the Hungarian kingdoms. It will ask three interrelated questions. First, what did Christians know about Islam? Second, how did their thinking about Islam affect the formation of the concept of Christendom itself? And third, how did Islam experience Christendom? For throughout our period there were not only numerous Christian incursions into the lands of Islam (via pilgrimage, trade, crusade and mission), but also many Muslims living within Christendom.
The first two questions, of course, are quite different from the third, for they have less to do with the study of historical contacts and relations between Christianity and Islam in the Middle Ages, and more to do with the study of the role that Christian ideas about Islam play in the formation of Christian conceptualisations of the world and Christianity’s place in it. The third question, on the other hand, is about historically specific encounters between Christians and Muslims.
Keywords
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The Cambridge History of Christianity , pp. 149 - 169Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2009
References
, La chrétienté et l’idée de croisade, vol. 2, ed. , Paris: Éditions Albin Michel, 1959.
, ed., Un tratado Catalán medieval de derecho islámico: El llibre de la çuna e xara de los moros, Córdoba: University of Córdoba, 1989.
, At the Gates of Christendom: Jews, Muslims, and Pagans in Medieval Hungary, c. 1000-c. 1300, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
, Religious Polemic and the Intellectual History of the Mozarabs, Leiden: Brill, 1994.
, ‘Tafsīr and Translation: Robert of Ketton, Mark of Toledo, and traditional Arabic Qurʼān Exegesis’, Speculum
73 (1998).Google Scholar
, ‘Respuestas de jurisconsultos maghrebies en torno a la inmigración de musulmanes hispánicos’, Hespéris Tamuda
26–27 (1988).Google Scholar
, ‘Black and White: Contact with the Mediterranean World in Medieval German Narrative’, in and , eds., The Medieval Mediterranean: Cross-Cultural Contacts, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1988.Google Scholar
, Housing the Stranger in the Mediterranean World: Lodging, Trade, and Travel in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
, ‘Deux traductions latines du Coran au Moyen-Âge’, Archives d’histoire doctrinale et littéraire du Moyen Âge
16 (1947–8).Google Scholar
, ‘Paix de Dieu et croisade dans la chrétienté du XIIe siècle’, in , ed., Paix de Dieu et guerre sainte en Languedoc au XIIIe siècle, Cahiers de Fanjeaux 4, Toulouse: Édouard Privat, 1969.Google Scholar
, Documentos de Clemente IV (1265–1268) referentes a España, León: Universidad de León, 1996.
, ed., La chanson d’Antioche, Paris: Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 1977.
, Die Entstehung des Kreuzzugsgedankens, Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer, 1935.
, ed., Cartas Pueblas de las Morerias Valencianas y documentacion complementaria, vol. 1, Zaragoza: Anubar, 1991.
, ‘La caricature de l’Islam dans l’Occident médiéval: Origine et signification de quelques stéréotypes concernant l’Islam’, Aevum
2 (1992).Google Scholar
, Ilpontificato di Gregorio X (1271–1276), Rome: Istituto Storico Italiano per il Medio Evo, 1959.
, ed., Summa totius haeresis Saracenorum, in Schriften zum Islam (Corpus Islamo-Christianum, series latina 1; Alternberg: CIS-Verlag, 1985), §18.Google Scholar
, Dei gesta per Francos, ed. , CCCM 127A, Turnhout: Brepols, 1996
, ed., King Horn: A Middle English Romance, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1901.
, Islamic Spain, 1250–1500, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990.
, The Later Crusades: From Lyons to Alcazar 1274–1580, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.
, Order and Exclusion: Cluny and Christendom Face Heresy, Judaism, and Islam (1000–1150), trans. G. R. Edwards, Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2002.
, Liber de haeresibus, in , ed., Die Schriften des Johannes von Damaskos, 5 vols., Berlin: de Gruyter, 1969–81.Google Scholar
, Louis IX and the Challenge of the Crusade: A Study in Rulership, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979.
, Crusade and Mission: European Approaches towards the Muslims, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984.
, and , eds., Christian Arabic Apologetics during the Abbasid Period: 750–1258, Leiden: Brill, 1994.
, Polémique byzantine contre l’Islam (VIIIe-XIIIe s.), Leiden: Brill, 1972.
, Les théologiens byzantins et l’Islam: Textes et auteurs (VIIIe-XIIIe s.), Louvain and Paris: Éditions Nauwelaerts, 1969.
, Allianzen und Verträge zwischenfränkischen und islamischen Herrschern im Vorderen Orient: Eine Studie über das zwischenstaatliche Zusammenleben vom 12. bis ins 13. Jahrhundert, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1991.
, ‘La Apología de Al-Kindî en la España del siglo XII: Huellas toledanas de un “animal disputax”’, in Estudios sobre Alfonso VI y la reconquista de Toledo: Actas del II congreso internacional de estudios mozárabes, Toledo: Instituto de Estudios, 1989.Google Scholar
and , ‘The Islamic Statute of the Mudejars in the Light of a New Source’, Al-Qanṭara
17 (1996).Google Scholar
and , ‘The Polemical Works of Muhammad al-Qaysī (fl. 1309) and their Circulation in Arabic and Aljamiado among the Mudejars in the Fourteenth Century’, Al-Qantara
15 (1994).Google Scholar
, ‘Early Christian Responses to Islam’, in , ed., Medieval Christian Perceptions of Islam: A Book of Essays, New York: Garland, 1996.Google Scholar
Libellus de institutione morum, ed. , Scriptores rerum Hungaricarum 2, Budapest: Academia Litter, Hungarica, 1938.
, Letters and Essays of Moses Maimonides, ed. and trans. , Jerusalem: Maliyot Press of Yeshivat Birkat Moshe Maaleh Adumim, 1987.
and trans., The Chronicle of Theophanes the Confessor, (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997).
, Crusading Peace: Christendom, the Muslim World, and Western Political Order, Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002.
, Religious Authority and Muslim Communities of Late Medieval Spain, New York: Columbia University Press, 2008.
, Communities of Violence: Persecution of Minorities in the Middle Ages, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996.
, ‘Varieties of Mudejar Experience: Muslims in Christian Iberia, 1000–1526’, in and , eds., The Medieval World, London and New York: Routledge, 2001.Google Scholar
, The Deeds of Frederick Barbarossa, trans. Ch. Mierow, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1994.
, The Pope’s Body, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000.
, ed., The First Crusade: The Chronicler of Fulcher of Chartres and Other Source Materials, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1989.
, ed., Muslims under Latin Rule, 1100–1300, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990.
, The Crusades: A Short History, London: Athlone, 1987.
, The First Crusade and the Idea of Crusading, London: Athlone, 1986.
, ‘History, the Crusades, and the Latin East: A Personal View’, in , ed., Crusaders and Muslims in Twelfth-century Syria, Leiden: Brill, 1993.Google Scholar
trans. , The Deeds of God through the Franks, Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 1997.
, Les origines et les charactères de la première croisade, Neuchâtel: Baconnière, 1945.
, Lʼidée de chrétienté dans la pensée pontificale des origines à Innocent III, Paris: Les Presses Modernes, 1939.
, John of Damascus on Islam: The ‘Heresy’ of the Ishmaelites, Leiden: Brill, 1972.
, Innocent III: Leader of Europe 1198–1216, London: Longman, 1994.
, Die Aufrufe der Päpste zur Befreiung des Heiligen Landes von den Anfängen biszum Ausgang Innozenz IV: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der kurialen Kreuzzugspropaganda und der päpstlichen Epistolographie, Berlin: Ebering, 1937.
, Interpretations of Islam Past and Present, Princeton: The Darwin Press, 1985.
, LʼIslam et la Croisade: Idéologie et propagande dans les réactions musulmanes aux Croisades, Paris: Librairie d’Amérique et d’Orient, 1968.
, Medieval Statecraft and the Perspectives of History, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1971.
, ‘Peter the Venerable, on the “Diabolical Heresy of the Saracens”’, in , ed., The Devil, Heresy, and Witchcraft in the Middle Ages: Essays in Honor of Jeffrey B. Russell, Leiden: Brill, 1998.Google Scholar
, Saracens: Islam in the Medieval European Imagination, New York: Columbia, 2002.
, The Invention of the Crusades, Toronto: University of Toronto Press; Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1998.
, Parzival, ed. , Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1926.
- 3
- Cited by