Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Introduction
- 1 Ming government
- 2 The Ming fiscal administration
- 3 Ming law
- 4 The Ming and Inner Asia
- 5 Sino-Korean tributary relations under the Ming
- 6 Ming foreign relations: Southeast Asia
- 7 Relations with maritime Europeans, 1514–1662
- 8 Ming China and the emerging world economy, c. 1470–1650
- 9 The socio-economic development of rural China during the Ming
- 10 Communications and commerce
- 11 Confucian learning in late Ming thought
- 12 Learning from Heaven: the introduction of Christianity and other Western ideas into late Ming China
- 13 Official religion in the Ming
- 14 Ming Buddhism
- 15 Taoism in Ming culture
- Bibliographic notes
- Bibliography
- Glossary-Index
- References
7 - Relations with maritime Europeans, 1514–1662
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 March 2008
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Introduction
- 1 Ming government
- 2 The Ming fiscal administration
- 3 Ming law
- 4 The Ming and Inner Asia
- 5 Sino-Korean tributary relations under the Ming
- 6 Ming foreign relations: Southeast Asia
- 7 Relations with maritime Europeans, 1514–1662
- 8 Ming China and the emerging world economy, c. 1470–1650
- 9 The socio-economic development of rural China during the Ming
- 10 Communications and commerce
- 11 Confucian learning in late Ming thought
- 12 Learning from Heaven: the introduction of Christianity and other Western ideas into late Ming China
- 13 Official religion in the Ming
- 14 Ming Buddhism
- 15 Taoism in Ming culture
- Bibliographic notes
- Bibliography
- Glossary-Index
- References
Summary
THE TRIBUTE SYSTEM MATRIX
Between 1514 and 1662, the people and government of China were involved in, and affected by, the first stages of the development of a “modern world system.” This involvement was implemented via the sea routes linking all the continents except Antarctica and Australia in exchanges of trade goods, food plants, diseases, people, and ideas. Ming official concepts and formalized institutions of foreign relations offered little guidance to Chinese officials and had little effect on Sino-European relations after the first encounters with the Portuguese, but actual official responses were alert, flexible, and reasonably effective. Chinese merchants, craftsmen, and sailors became extremely vigorous participants in building a new world of trade and settlement around the South China Sea. The rise of Nagasaki and other ports of Kyushu, the beginnings of Chinese settlement of Taiwan, the sudden emergence of Hai-ch'eng and then Amoy, the flourishing of Macao, Manila, Banten, Batavia, Ayudhya, Melaka, and many more centers of commercial and economic growth depended very heavily on the activities of these Chinese entrepreneurs. The silk-silver trades with Japan and Manila had substantial effects on the Ming economy. The Roman Catholic missionary presence and Chinese responses to it, while on a small scale, reached all levels of Chinese society. As we seek to understand the vigor of these private involvements, we need to draw on our growing knowledge of late Ming culture and society, and especially of maritime China as a regional variant in society, economy, and polity. The changes in empire-wide politics so well summarized in Volume 7 frequently help us to understand the changes in official approaches to maritime problems.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The Cambridge History of China , pp. 333 - 375Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 1998
References
“Koxinga nearly ended Spanish rule in the Philippines in 1662,” Philippine Historical Review, 2, No. 1 (1969).Google Scholar
, Batalhas da Companhia de Jesus na sua Gloriosa Provincia do Japāo, ed. (Lisbon, 1894).
and . Da Asia de Joao de Barros e Diogo de Couto, 24 vols. Lisbon: 1777–1778; rpt. Lisbon: Livraria Sam Carlos, 1973–75.
and , eds. The Philippine Islands, 1493–1803: Explorations by early navigators, descriptions of the islands and their peoples, their history and records of the Catholic missions as related in contemporaneous books and manuscripts, showing the political, economic, commercial and religious condition of those islands from their earliest relations with European nations to the beginning of the nineteenth century. 55 vols. Cleveland, Ohio: The A. H. Clark company, 1903–09.
. “The Dutch occupation of the Pescadores (1622–1624).” Transactions of the International Conference of Orientalists in Japan, 18 (1973).Google Scholar
. “The V. O. C. as Sorcerer≈s Apprentice: Stereotypes and Social Engineering on the China Coast.” In Leyden Studies in Sinology, ed. . Leiden: Leiden University Press, 1981.Google Scholar
The Christian century in Japan: 1540–1650. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press and London: Cambridge University Press, 1951.
The great ship from Amacon: Annals of Macao and the old Japan trade, 1555–1640. Lisbon: Centro de Estudos Históricos Ultramarinos, 1959; rpt. Macau: Instituto Cultural de Macau, 1988.
“Portuguese Military Expeditions in Aid of the Mings Against the Manchus, 1621–1647.” T≈ien-hsia Monthly, 7, No. 1 (August 1938).Google Scholar
Portuguese society in the tropics: The municipal councils of Goa, Macao, Bahia, and Luanda, 1510–1800. Madison and Milwaukee: University of Wisconsin Press, 1965.
, ed. and trans. South China in the sixteenth century, being the Narratives of Galeote Pereira, Fr. Gaspar da Cruz, O. P., Fr. Martin de Rada, OESA. Hakluyt Society, Series II, No. 106. London, 1953; rpt. Nendeln, Liechtenstein: Kraus Reprint Limited, 1967.
. The Western pioneers and their discovery of Macao. Macao: Imprensa Nacional, 1949.
. Ming shih Fo-lang-chi chuan chien-cheng. ed. . Peking: Chung-kuo She-hui k'o-hsüeh ch'u-pan she, 1984.
. Ming-shih Fo-lang-chi Lü-sung Ho-lan I-ta-li-ya ssu chuan chu-shih. Peking: Harvard-Yenching, 1934.
. rpt as Ming shih Ou-chou ssu-kuo chuan chu-shih. Shanghai: Shanghai Ku-chi ch'u-pan she, 1982.
Sino-Portuguese Relations from 1514 to 1644 (Leiden, 1933, rpt. Leiden, 1969).
. Les Philippines et le Pacifique des Ibériques (XVIe, XVIIe, XVIHe sièclesn>): Introduction methodologique et indices d'activité. Paris: École Pratique des Hautes Études. Centre de Recherches Historiques. Ports, Routes, et Trafics, No. ii. SEVPEN, 1960.
, S. J. Labor Evangelica de los Obreros de la Compania de Jesus en las Islas Filipinas. ed. , S. J. New ed., 3 vols. Barcelona: Henrich, 1900.
The Audiencia in the Spanish colonies, as illustrated by the Audiencia of Manila (1585–1800). Berkeley: University of California Press, 1919.
. The Jesuits in the Philippines, 1581–1768, Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1961.
, S. J. Generation of giants: The story of the Jesuits in China in the last decades of the Ming dynasty. London: Burns and Oates, 1962; and Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press, 1962.
“The inseparable trinity: Japan's relations with China and Korea.” In Early Modern Japan, Vol. 4, ed. and assistant ed. , The Cambridge History of Japan (Cambridge, 1991).Google Scholar
“Christianity and the daimyo.” In Early Modern Japan,Vol. 4, ed. and assistant ed. , The Cambridge History of Japan (Cambridge 1991).Google Scholar
The Chinese in the Philippines, 1550–1770, 2 vols. Manila: Solidaridad, 1966.
. “Letters from Portuguese captives in Canton, written in 1534 and 1536. With an introduction on Portuguese inrercourse with China in the first half of the sixteenth century.” The Indian Antiquary, 30 (1901) ; rpt. Bombay: n.p., 1902.Google Scholar
. Macau: Materials para a sua Historia no Seculo XVI. Macau: Instituto Cultural de Macau, 1988.
. De Nederlanders in China, Eerste Deel. De eerste Bemoeiinigen om den handel in China en de vestiging in de Pescadores (1601–1624). The Hague, 1898.
Histoire de ce qui s'est Passé au Royame de la Chine en l'Année 1624, Paris, 1629 [anonymous, attributed to , S. J.].
“Formosa and the trade in venison and deer skins.” In Emporia,commodities, and entrepreneurs in Asian maritime trade, c. 1400–1750, Beitrāge zur Südasienfor-schung, Südasien-Institut, Universitat Heidelberg, No. 141, eds. and (Stuttgart, 1991).Google Scholar
. “From Aboriginal Island to Chinese frontier: The development of Taiwan before 1683.” In China's Island Frontier: Studies in the Historical Geography of Taiwan, ed. . Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii, 1980.Google Scholar
. “Chinese settlers against the Netherlands East India Company: The rebellion led by Kuo Huai-i on Taiwan in 1652.” Paper for International Workshop on the History of Fujian and East-West Relations in the 17th/18th Centuries, Leiden, University, December 1988.
. “Li Tan, Chief of the Chinese residents at Hirado, Japan in the last days of the Ming Dynasty.” Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko (1958), Vol. 17.Google Scholar
and , Ao-men chi-lueh(n.p., 1751), I.
. An historical sketch of the Portuguese settlements in China. Boston, 1836.
. O Conselho da India: Contributo ao Estudo da Historia da Administracao e do Comercio do Ultramar Portugues nos Principios do Seculo XVII. Lisbon: Agencia Geral do Ultramar, 1952.
. Historic Macao. Shanghai: Kelly and Walsh, 1902.
. Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, ed. and trans. . Hakluyt Society, Second Series, No. 140. London: University Press, 1971.
The travels of Mendes Pinto, ed. and trans. (Chicago and London, 1989).
. The Suma oriental of Tome Pires, Ed. . Hakluyt Society, 2nd Series, Vol. 89. London: University Press, 1944.
Colonial Manila: The context of Hispanic urbanism and process of Morphogenesis. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1978.
. The Manila galleon. New York: E. P. Dutton and Co., 1939; rpt. paperback, New York: Dutton & Co., 1959.
. “The precursors of Ricci.” East meets West: The Jesuits in China 1582–1773, eds. and . Chicago: Loyola University Press, 1988.Google Scholar
. Min-hai tseng-yen. No. 56 of T'ai-wan wen-hsien ts'ung-k'an, ed. . Taipei: Chung-hua shu-chü, 1959.
Statecraft and political economy on the Taiwan frontier, 1600–1800 (Stanford, 1993).
The Memory palace of Matteo Ricci. New York: Viking Penguin, 1984.
. T'ai-wan tsao-ch'i li-shih yen-chiu. Taipei: Lien-ching, 1979.
., “From Manila to Fuan: Asian contexts of Dominican Mission policy.” In The Chinese Rites Controversy: Its History and Meaning, ed. (Nettetal, 1994).Google Scholar
Embassies and illusions: Dutch and Portuguese envoys to K'ang-hsi, 1666–1687. Harvard East Asian Monographs, No. 113. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Fairbank Center for East Asian Research, 1984.
“The hazardous missions of a Dominican: Victorio Riccio, O.P. in Amoy, Taiwan, and Manila. Les missions aventureuses d'un Dominicain, Victorio Riccio.” In Actes du IIe Colloque International de Sinologie, Chantilly, 1977 (Paris, 1980).Google Scholar
“Maritime China from Wang Chih to Shih Lang: Themes in peripheral history.” In From Ming to Ch'ing: Conquest, Region, and Continuity in Seventeenth-Century China, eds. and New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1979.Google Scholar
“Tribute, defensiveness, and dependency: uses and limits of some basic ideas abour Mid-Ch'ing foreign relations.” Annals of the Southeast Conference of the Association for Asian Studies, Vol. 8 (1986) ; rpt. American Neptune, 48, No. 4 (Fall 1988).Google Scholar
Confucianism and Christianity: The first encounter. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 1983.
- 6
- Cited by