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4 - The cultures of the Middle Palaeolithic/Middle Stone Age

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 March 2008

By
J. Desmond Clark
Edited by
J. Desmond Clark
J. Desmond Clark
Affiliation:
University of California, Berkeley
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Summary

INTRODUCTION

The ‘Middle Palaeolithic’, to use the term current in North Africa and the Sahara, or the ‘Middle Stone Age’, as it is known to archaeologists working south of the desert, is that part of the prehistoric cultural record that follows the Lower Palaeolithic or Earlier Stone Age, and precedes the Upper Palaeolithic or Later Stone Age. This might seem so obvious as to be hardly worth mentioning but it is at least a statement that few archaeologists would dispute whereas attempts to define these ‘Ages’ more specifically – in terms of time, artifact assemblages, technological and socio-economic levels or on the basis of the associated human physical types – all result in considerable divergence of views.

In Eurasia and northern Africa, there has been a tendency to use the term ‘Middle Palaeolithic’ synonymously with that of the most characteristic industrial or techno-complex of the early and middle stages of the Last Glaciation, namely the Mousterian, a complex exhibiting several distinct traditions both in time and space. But there are also other industrial entities that are closely related through technique and/or chronological affinities which can less easily be accommodated under the term Middle Palaeolithic. In addition, it can also now be demonstrated that the essential characteristics that constitute the Mousterian Complex began well before the early Würm Glaciation and not only extend back into the preceding interglacial episode (Eemian) but have technical origins (i.e. proto-Levallois method (see p. 255)) which are closely rooted in the Acheulian in the Middle Pleistocene.

Keywords

AteriaLevallois coresAfricaEthiopiaMiddle PalaeolithicMousterianMaghribnon-Levallois coresMiddle Stone AgeSahara
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The Cambridge History of Africa , pp. 248 - 341
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 1982

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