Published online by Cambridge University Press: 18 May 2019
The challenge of writing an intellectual history of development is that – in the twentieth century, which is to say the period during which Modern Psychology underwent its major growth spurt (esp. after World War II, when B. Fred Skinner (1904–1990) and Jean Piaget (1896–1980 dominated)1 – development, generally, played second-fiddle to evolution. The result is that the developmental discourse has lately been primarily an evolutionary one: discussions of natural change in humans have been tilted toward the maturation and shaping of inherited traits, rather than the construction of novelties constrained by interactions between biology and context.2 In other words, recent psychological thinking about development has been informed by the manufactured dichotomy of nature versus nurture when instead we might have been thinking in terms of nature and nurture.3
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