Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T14:34:55.806Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

5 - The Changing Nature of Work

A Global Perspective

from Part II - What Has Changed?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2020

Brian J. Hoffman
Affiliation:
University of Georgia
Mindy K. Shoss
Affiliation:
University of Central Florida
Lauren A. Wegman
Affiliation:
University of Georgia
Get access

Summary

The changing nature of work is both a local and global phenomenon. Globalization has enabled individuals with skills and talents to work in knowledge-intensive cities where they can interact with one another. The competencies rewarded by global organizations require global acumen, multicultural fluency, technological literacy, entrepreneurial skills, and the ability to manage in increasingly far-flung, de-layered, disaggregated organizations. A different sort of social structure is needed to support this type of worker. There is a shortage of such individuals in specific sectors and a global effort to find, develop, and retain talented workers who can move organizations forward. This chapter will look at recent research on the globalized workforce with an effort to understand the development, recruitment, and training of talent to implement strategic or technological innovation. We will look at current research on global talent management, HR management and organizational behavior as it relates to global work, and growing restrictions on the free flow of global work. Will we continue to see further extension of the globalized workforce, or enter a new era of privileged access to markets based less on workplace talent than on citizenship, ethnicity, religion, and other factors?

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ahmed, F., Capretz, L., Maqsoud, A., & Raza, A. (2014). Analysis of risks faced by information technology offshore outsourcing providers. Electrical and Computer Engineering Publications paper no. 68. http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1103&context=electricalpubCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anonymous. (2015). The talent dividend. MIT Sloan Management Review Research Report, Spring.Google Scholar
Apaza, C. (2009). Measuring governance and corruption through the worldwide governance indicators: Critiques, responses, and ongoing scholarly discussion. Political Science & Politics, 42(1), 139143.Google Scholar
Barsh, J., and Lee, Y. (2012). Unlocking the full potential of women at work. McKinsey & Company/Wall Street Journalmbamujeres.comGoogle Scholar
Bennett, J. (2017). Ellen Pao is not done fighting. New York Times, September 8.Google Scholar
Bhambal, J., & Vasistha, A. (2007). Top 50 emerging outsourcing cities. Global Services/Tholons, September 26.Google Scholar
Blinder, A. (2005). Fear of offshoring. CEPS Working Paper no. 119, Princeton University Center for Economic Policy Studies, December.Google Scholar
Bradsher, K. (2004). Outsourcing finds Vietnam. New York Times, September 30.Google Scholar
Brand, S. (1999). Clock of the long now: Time and responsibility: The ideas behind the world’s slowest computer. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.Google Scholar
Briscoe, D., Schuler, R., & Claus, E. (2009). International human resource management (3rd ed.). London, UK: Routledge.Google Scholar
Bryan, L. L., & Fraser, J. N. (1999, September 22). Getting to global. The McKinsey Quarterly. Retrieved from www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-59427150/getting-to-globalGoogle Scholar
Bureau of Labor Statistics (2016, April 28). Entrepreneurship and the US economy. Retrieved from www.bls.gov/bdm/entrepreneurship/entrepreneurship.htmGoogle Scholar
Calestous, L. (2012). Innovation clusters in the global economy: The welfare technology region in Denmark. Harvard Business Review Case Study. https://hbr.org/product/innovation-clusters-in-the-global-economy-the-welfare-technology-region-in-denmark/HKS722-PDF-ENGGoogle Scholar
Chatterji, A., Glaeser, E., & Kerr, W. (2013). Clusters of entrepreneurship and innovation. NBER Working Paper no. 19013. May. www.nber.org/papers/w19013Google Scholar
Cheney, G., Ruzzi, B., Muralidharan, K. (2005, November). A profile of the Indian education system. Paper prepared for the New Commission on the Skills of the American Workforce. National Center on Education and the Economy. www.ugc.ac.in/mrp/paper/MRP-MAJOR-EDUC-2013-25066-PAPER.pdfGoogle Scholar
Cheng, W.-L., Dohrmann, T., Kerlin, M., Law, J., & Ramaswamy, S. (2018, July). Creating an effective workforce system for the new economy. McKinsey. www.mckinsey.com/industries/public-sector/our-insights/creating-an-effective-workforce-system-for-the-new-economyGoogle Scholar
Chui, M., Manyika, J., & Miremadi, M. (2015). Four fundamentals of workplace automation. McKinsey Quarterly, November. www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/digital-mckinsey/our-insights/four-fundamentals-of-workplace-automationGoogle Scholar
Clott, C. (2004). Perspectives on global outsourcing and the changing nature of work. Business and Society Review, 109(2), 153170.Google Scholar
Clott, C. (2007). An uncertain future: A preliminary study of offshore outsourcing from the manager’s perspective. Management Research News, 30(7), 476494. https://doi.org/10.1108/01409170710759702Google Scholar
Cobb, S. (2003). Offshore financial services and the Internet: Creating confidence in the use of cyberspace? Growth and Change, 34(2), 244259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collings, D., & Mellahi, K. (2009). Strategic talent management: A review and research agenda. Human Resource Management Review, 19, 304313.Google Scholar
Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy (2007). Beyond bias and barriers: Fulfilling the potential of women in academic science and engineering. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.Google Scholar
Dahl, J. (2017). Mission impossible: The new age of ambiguity starring the CEO. Korn Ferry Briefings Magazine, 32.Google Scholar
DeLong, T., & Vijayaraghavan, V. (2003). Let’s hear it for B players. Harvard Business Review, 81(6), 96101.Google Scholar
Dore, L. (2006). The challenges of outsourcing: Can Dubai’s vision become a reality? Khaleej Times. www.khaleejtimes.com/businesses/Google Scholar
Dossani, R., & Kenney, M. (2004). Offshoring: Determinants of the location and value of services. Sloan Workshop Series in Industry Studies, Stanford University, August 13.Google Scholar
Drucker, P. (1959). The landmarks of tomorrow New York, NY: Harper and Row.Google Scholar
Dutta, S., Lanvin, B., & Wunch-Vincent, S. (2015). The global innovation index 2015. World Intellectual Property Organization. www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo_gii_2015.pdfGoogle Scholar
Economist. (2017). The gender pay gap. The Economist, July, 10. www.economist.com/international/2017/10/07/the-gender-pay-gapGoogle Scholar
Ellison, G., & Glaeser, E. (1999). The geographic concentration of industry: Does natural advantage explain agglomeration? American Economic Review, 89(2), 311316.Google Scholar
Ellram, L., Tate, W., & Petersen, K. (2013). Offshoring and reshoring: An update on the manufacturing location decision. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 49, 1422.Google Scholar
Feinstein, L. (2017). French girls are reinventing the tech scene in Paris. Harpers Bazaar. www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/a10302219/french-girls-rising-in-tech/Google Scholar
Florida, R. (2004). America’s looming creativity crisis. Harvard Business Review, October.Google Scholar
Florida, R. (2017). Why America’s richest cities keep getting richer. The Atlantic, April. www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2017/04/richard-florida-winner-take-all-new-urban-crisis/522630/Google Scholar
Freeman, C. (2000). High tech and high heels in the global economy. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Gates Foundation. (2016). The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation announces $80 million commitment to close gender data gaps and accelerate progress for women. www.gatesfoundation.org/Media-Center/Speeches/2017/06/Melinda-Gates-Unlocking-the-Potential-of-Women-and-GirlsGoogle Scholar
Globalsherpa.org. (2017). World rankings for countries and cities. http://globalsherpa.org/world-rankingsGoogle Scholar
Goodall, H. (2008). More foreign science and engineering grad students flock to US, new survey finds. The Chronicle of Higher Education, 30 January.Google Scholar
Gordon, E. (2009).Winning the global talent showdown. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.Google Scholar
Gottlieb Duttweiler Institute. (2017). Global city index 2017: The most connected cities. www.globalinfluence.world/en/global-city-index-2017-connected-cities/Google Scholar
Graham, R. (2017). The retraining paradox. New York Times, February 23, 2017.Google Scholar
Grassley, C. (2017). S. 180 H-1B and L-1 Visa Reform Act of 2017. US Senate. www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/senate-bill/180Google Scholar
Greenlees, D. (2006). Philippine call center business booms. International Herald Tribune, November 20.Google Scholar
Guthridge, M., Komm, A., & Lawson, E. (2008). Making talent a strategic priority. The McKinsey Quarterly, January, 48–59.Google Scholar
Hales, M., King, S., & Pena, A. (2010). The urban elite. AT Kearney Global Cities Index 2010. www.atkearney.com/documents/10192/efd4176a-09dd-4ed4-b030-9d94ecc17e8bGoogle Scholar
Hales, M., Pena, A., Peterson, E., & Dessibourg-Freer, N. (2016). Global cities 2016. www.atkearney.com/documents/10192/8178456/Global+Cities+2016.pdf/8139cd44-c760-4a93-ad7d-11c5d347451aGoogle Scholar
Jakobsen, E. (2017). The leading maritime capitals of the world. www.menon.no/wp-content/uploads/The-Leading-Maritime-Capitals-of-the-World-2017.pdfGoogle Scholar
James, J. (2005). Losing the competitive advantage?: The challenge for science and technology in the United States. Washington, DC: American Electronics Association.Google Scholar
The Kauffman Index. (2017). Startup activity: National trends. The Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation. www.kauffman.org/kauffman-index/reporting//-/media/kauffman_org/kauffman-index/print-reports/startup-index/2017/Google Scholar
Kearney, A. T. (2007). Offshoring for long-term advantage. Global Services Location Index 2007.Google Scholar
Kehal, H., & Singh, V. P. (2006). Outsourcing and offshoring in the 21st century: A socio-economic perspective. Hershey, PA: Idea Group Publishing,.Google Scholar
Khanna, P. (2016). A new map for America. New York Times, April 15. www.nytimes.com/2016/04/17/opinion/sunday/a-new-map-for-america.html?…Google Scholar
King, E., Botsford, W., & Hebl, M. (2010). Benevolent sexism at work: Gender differences in the distribution of challenging developmental experiences. Journal of Management, April. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0149206310365902Google Scholar
Kristof, N., & WuDunn, S. (2017). Half the sky: Turning oppression into opportunity for women worldwide. www.halftheskymovement.org/pages/bookGoogle Scholar
Kyodo News Service. (2006). English proficiency declining in Philippines: survey. 19 April.Google Scholar
Labi, A. (2008). US faces emerging rivals in foreign student market, study finds. The Chronicle of Higher Education, January 31.Google Scholar
Langone, A. (2018). #MeToo and time’s up founders explain the difference between the 2 movements – And how they’re alike. Time, March 8. http://time.com/5189945/whats-the-difference-between-the-metoo-and-times-up-movements/Google Scholar
Lanvin, B. (2017). Benchmarking cities as key players on the global talent scene. The Global Talent Competitiveness Index 2017. 99–113.Google Scholar
Lanvin, B., & Evans, P. (2017). Global talent competitiveness index. INSEAD/Adecco Group/Human Capital Leadership Institute.Google Scholar
LaTurner, R. J. (2002). Teachers’ academic preparation and commitment to teach math and science. Teaching and Teacher Education, 18 (6), 653–63.Google Scholar
Laudicina, P., Gott, J., & Peterson, E. (2014). A wealth of choices: From anywhere on earth to no location at all. A.T. Kearney Global Services Location Index.Google Scholar
Lazarova, M. B., & Cerdin, J. L. (2007). Revisiting repatriation concerns: Organizational support versus career and contextual influences. Journal of International Business Studies, 38(3), 404429.Google Scholar
Lazonick, W. (2007). Foreign direct investment, transactional migration, and indigenous innovation in the globalization of high-tech labor. Presentation at the International Forum of Comparative Political Economy of Globalization, February.Google Scholar
Lee, A. (2017). China scours the globe for talent to transform into world leader in artificial intelligence. South China Morning Post, November 4. www.scmp.com/tech/innovation/article/2118276/artificial-intelligence-and-big-data-will-be-growth-drivers-chinasGoogle Scholar
Levitt, T. (1983). The globalization of markets. Harvard Business Review, May, 92–102.Google Scholar
Levitz, J. (2017). The new corporate recruitment pool: Workers in dead-end jobs. Wall Street Journal, September 10.Google Scholar
Lewin, T. (2008). US universities rush to set up outposts abroad. New York Times, February 10.Google Scholar
Lewin, A. Y., Massini, S., & Peeters, C. (2009). Why are companies offshoring innovation? The emerging global race for talent. Journal of International Business Studies, 40(6), 901925.Google Scholar
Li, M., Goetz, S. J, Partridge, M., & Fleming, D. A. (2016). Location determinants of high-growth firms. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development: An International Journal, 28( 1/2), 97125. doi: 10.1080/08985626.2015.1109003Google Scholar
Liyangunawardena, T., Adams, A., & Williams, S. (2014). MOOCs: A systematic study of the published literature 2008–2012. Distance Education in China, 3, 516.Google Scholar
Lowell, L., & Gerova, S. (2004). Diasporas and economic development: state of knowledge. Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar
Mahroum, S. (2002). US Science and the fear of a backlash: The possible fall out of September 11th on the immigration of scientists and engineers to the US. Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network, Research Bulletin 79, March 15.Google Scholar
Mankiw, G. N., & Swagel, P. (2006). The politics and economics of offshore outsourcing. Harvard Institute of Economic Research Discussion Paper no. 21120, July.Google Scholar
Manning, S., Massini, S., & Lewin, A. (2008). A dynamic perspective on next-generation offshoring: The global sourcing of science and engineering talent. Academy of Management Perspectives 22(3), 3554.Google Scholar
Manuti, A., Pastore, S., Scardigno, M., & Morciano, D. (2015). Formal and informal learning in the workplace: A research review. International Journal of Training and Development, February. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijtd.12044Google Scholar
Matthews, C. (2007). Foreign science and engineering presence in US institutions and the labor force. US Bureau of Labor Statistics, June 21.Google Scholar
McKinsey Global Institute. (2017). The new dynamics of financial globalization. The McKinsey Quarterly, August.Google Scholar
Metters, R., Metters, K., Pullman, M., & Walton, S. (2006). Successful service operations management (2nd ed.). Mason, OH: Thomson South-Western.Google Scholar
Mongkhonvanit, J. (2014). Coopetition for regional competitiveness: The role of academe in knowledge-based industrial clustering. Singapore: Springer.Google Scholar
Mydans, S., & Arnold, W. (2007). Lee Kuan Yew, founder of Singapore, changing with times. International Herald Tribune, August.Google Scholar
National Science Board. (2004). An emerging and critical problem of the science and engineering labor force. A Companion to Science and Engineering Indicators. January.Google Scholar
National Science Board. (2016). Science and engineering indicators. National Science Foundation. www.nsf.gov/statistics/2016/nsb20161/uploads/1/nsb20161.pdfGoogle Scholar
Nielsen, S., & Huse, M. (2010). The contribution of women on boards of directors: Going beyond the surface. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 18(2), 136148.Google Scholar
OECD (Organisation for European Co-operation and Development). (2017). Entrepreneurship at a glance. Paris, France: OECD Publishing.Google Scholar
Oshri, I., Kotlarsky, J., & Willcocks, L. (2009). The handbook of global outsourcing and offshoring. London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Oxford Economics. (2012). Global talent 2021: How the new geography of talent will transform human resource strategies. Oxford Economics, Oxford, UK. Retrieved from www.oxfordeconomics.com/Media/Default/Thought%20 Leadership/global-talent-2021.pdfGoogle Scholar
Pelster, B., Johnson, D., Stempel, J., & van der Vyver, B. (2017). Careers and learning: Real time, all the time 2017 human capital trends. New York, NY: Deloitte University Press. https://dupress.deloitte.com/dup-us-en/focus/human-capital-trends/2017/learning-in-the-digital-age.htmlGoogle Scholar
Porter, M. (1990). The competitive advantage of nations. New York, NY: Free Press.Google Scholar
Porter, M. (2008). The five competitive forces that shape strategy. Harvard Business Review, January.Google Scholar
Ransbotham, S., Kiron, D., & Kirk, P. (2015). Minding the analytics gap. MIT Sloan Management Review, Spring.Google Scholar
Read, M. (2007). Investment guru: Math skills critical to competitiveness. Oakland Tribune. May 19.Google Scholar
Reich, R. (1991). The work of nations: Preparing ourselves for 21st century capitalism. New York, NY: Vintage Books.Google Scholar
Rivoli, P. (2005). Travels of a t-shirt in the global economy: An economist examines the markets, power, and politics of world trade. New York, NY: Wiley.Google Scholar
Roy, S., & Sivakumar, K. (2012). Global outsourcing relationships and innovation: A conceptual framework and research propositions. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 29(4), 513530. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-5885.2012.00922.Google Scholar
Saisana, M., Becker, W., & Dominguez-Torreiro, M. (2017). JRC statistical audit of the global talent competitiveness index 2017. Brussels, Belgium: European Commission Joint Research Centre.Google Scholar
Sanz, L. (2009). The knowledge economy. Media Planet, December. https://projects.ncsu.edu/econdev/documents/MediaPlanet.pdfGoogle Scholar
Saxenian, A. (2006). The new Argonauts: Regional advantage in a global economy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Schiessl, M. (2008). Microsoft reaps the rewards of female managers. Der Spiegel. February 8.Google Scholar
Schmit, M. (2014). Evolution of work and the worker. SHRM Foundation, Economist Intelligence Unit www.shrm.org/foundation/ourwork/initiatives/preparing-for-future-hr-trends/PublishingImages/Pages/Google Scholar
Scott, A. J. (2006). Creative cities: Conceptual issues and policy questions. Journal of Urban Affairs, 28(1), 117.Google Scholar
Sethi, A., & Gott, J. (2017). 2017 A.T. Kearney Global Services Location Index: The widening impact of automation. A.T. Kearney. www.atkearney.com/documents/20152/799350/The+widening+Impact+of+Automation.pdf/95d8d519-e2b0-0e4f-994d-15e8716b339eGoogle Scholar
Shachar, A. (2006). The race for talent: highly skilled migrants and competitive immigration regimes. 81 New York University Law Review 148, March 21.Google Scholar
Stewart, J. (2016). After Brexit, finding a new London for the financial world to call home. New York Times. June 30. www.nytimes.com/2016/07/01/business/after-brexit-finding-a-new-london-for-the-financial-world-to-call-home.html?mcubz=1Google Scholar
Strange, S. (1996). The retreat of the state: The diffusion of power in the world economy. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tagliabue, J. (2007). Eastern Europe: a center for outsourcing. The Hindu, April 20.Google Scholar
Tarique, I., & Schuler, R. (2010). Global talent management: Literature review, integrative framework, and suggestions for further research. Journal of World Business, 45, 122133.Google Scholar
Valanju, S. (2005). Site unseen. Financial Management, July/August, 16–20.Google Scholar
Wadhwa, V., & Gereffi, G. (2005). Framing the engineering outsourcing debate. 12 December.Google Scholar
Walt, V. (2017). Welcome to tomorrow land. Fortune, May, 60–67.Google Scholar
Weiner, E. (2016). The geography of genius: A search for the world’s most creative places from ancient Athens to Silicon Valley. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.Google Scholar
Wessner, C. W., & Wolff, A. W. (Eds.). (2012). Rising to the challenge: U.S. innovation policy for the global economy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.Google Scholar
Whelan, C. (2006). Is Buenos Aires the next Bangalore? www.argentina-canada.net/NewsUpdate.htmGoogle Scholar
World Bank. (2012). World Development Report – Gender equality and development. Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar
Wright, A., & DeFillippi, P. (2015). Decentralized blockchain technology and the rise of lex cryptographia. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2580664Google Scholar
Yigitcanlar, T. (2009). Planning for knowledge-based urban development: Global perspectives. Journal of Knowledge Management, 13(5), 228242.Google Scholar
Zachary, G. P. (2000). People who need people. Wall Street Journal, September 25.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×