Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-21T04:36:36.644Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

14 - The Physical and Social Environments as Determinants of Health: Implications for Substance and Behavioral Addictions

from Part III - Levels of Analysis and Etiology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 July 2020

By
Robert W. Strack ,
Muhsin Michael Orsini ,
D. Rose Ewald  and
Lawrence M. Scheier
Edited by
Steve Sussman
Steve Sussman
Affiliation:
University of Southern California
Get access

Summary

Whether unintentional or by design, built, social, and perceived environments influence the human experience. Behavior is not solely the product of a rational motivated actor, operating independently from his or her environment; rather, it is also a function of edifices, neighborhoods, and public spaces, as well as the inhabitants, community norms, and the social capital they generate. Likewise, addictive behaviors have as much to do with the environmental contexts surrounding individuals as with their unique biological factors, specific brain mechanisms, and psychogenic causes. Any attempt to address addiction at either individual or population levels would benefit from careful consideration of the social and contextual influences on cognitions, opportunities, motivations, and behaviors. Interventions informed by this understanding are more likely to be efficacious than those solely targeted toward individual biology, motivations, or attitudes. In this chapter, we discuss the relationship between physical and social environments (PSE), health, and the behavior of humans. We then focus on the influential role of the PSE on the consumption of alcohol, tobacco, and other substances; food, eating behaviors, and addictions contributing to the current obesity epidemic; and a selection of other behavioral addictions. The chapter closes by discussing methodological considerations and implications for professional practice.

Keywords

built environmentoutlet densitypublic spacesnormative environmentsocial capitalcollective efficacyPSE
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Handbook of Substance and Behavioral Addictions , pp. 182 - 198
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adler, N. E., Boyce, W. T., Chesney, M. A., Folkman, S. & Syme, S. L. (1993). Socioeconomic inequalities in health: No easy solution. Journal of the American Medical Association, 269(24), 3140–3145. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.193.03500240084031CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edition). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
American Public Health Association [APHA] (2016). Opportunities for health collaboration: Leveraging community development investments to improve health in low-income neighborhoods. Retrieved October 17, 2017, from www.apha.org/policies-and-advocacy/public-health-policy-statements/policy-database/2017/01/17/opportunities-for-health-collaborationGoogle Scholar
Andreassen, C. S., Griffiths, M. D., Sinha, R., Hetland, J. & Pallesen, S. (2016). The relationships between workaholism and symptoms of psychiatric disorders: A large-scale cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE, 11(5), e0152978. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152978CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bandura, A. (1986). Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Bauman, L. J., Silver, E. J. & Stein, R. E. K. (2006). Cumulative social disadvantage and child health. Pediatrics, 117(4), 1321–1328. https://doi.org/10.1542/ped.2005-1647CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beech, B. M., Fitzgibbon, M. L., Resnicow, K. & Whitt-Glover, M. C. (2011). The impact of socioeconomic factors and the built environment on childhood and adolescent obesity. Childhood Obesity, 7(1), 19–24. https://doi.org/10.1089/chi.2011.0106CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernstein, K. T., Galea, S., Ahern, J., Tracy, M. & Vlahov, D. (2007). The built environment and alcohol consumption in urban neighborhoods. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 91(2–3), 244–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.06.006Google Scholar
Blacksher, E. & Lovasi, G. S. (2012). Place-focused physical activity research, human agency, and social justice in public health: Taking agency seriously in studies of the built environment. Health & Place, 18(2), 172–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2011.08.019Google Scholar
Braveman, P. A. & Egerter, S. (2013). Overcoming obstacles to health in 2013 and beyond. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Commission to Build a Healthier America. Retrieved from https://www.rwjf.org/en/library/research/2013/06/overcoming-obstacles-to-health-in-2013-and-beyond.htmlGoogle Scholar
Braveman, P. A., Egerter, S. & Williams, D. R. (2011). The social determinants of health: Coming of age. Annual Review of Public Health, 32(1), 381–398. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031210-101218Google Scholar
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1977). Toward an experimental ecology of human development. American Psychologist, 32(7), 513–531. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.32.7.513Google Scholar
Brooks, B., McBee, M., Pack, R. & Alamian, A. (2017). The effects of rurality on substance use disorder diagnosis: A multiple-groups latent class analysis. Addictive Behaviors, 68, 24–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.01.019Google Scholar
Brown, G. W. & Harris, T. O. (1978). Social Origins of Depression: A Study of Psychiatric Disorder in Women. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Burns, P. A. & Snow, R. C. (2012). The built environment & the impact of neighborhood characteristics on youth sexual risk behavior in Cape Town, South Africa. Health & Place, 18(5), 1088–1100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2012.04.013CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burrows, T., Skinner, J., McKenna, R. & Rollo, M. (2017). Food addiction, binge eating disorder, and obesity: Is there a relationship? Behavioral Sciences, 7(3), bs7030054. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs7030054Google Scholar
Carroll-Scott, A., Gilstad-Hayden, K., Rosenthal, L., et al. (2013). Disentangling neighborhood contextual associations with child body mass index, diet, and physical activity: The role of built, socioeconomic, and social environments. Social Science & Medicine, 95, 106–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.04.003Google Scholar
Casazza, K., Brown, A., Astrup, A., et al. (2015). Weighing the evidence of common beliefs in obesity research. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 55(14), 2014–2053. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2014.922044Google Scholar
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] (2007). Cigarette smoking among adults – United States, 2006. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 56(44), 1157–1161. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/23318296Google Scholar
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] (2009). Recommended Community Strategies and Measurements to Prevent Obesity in the United States: Implementation and Measurement Guide (Vol. MMWR 2009). Atlanta, GA: US Dept of Health & Human Services.Google Scholar
Cerdá, M., Ransome, Y., Keyes, K. M., et al. (2013). Revisiting the role of the urban environment in substance use: The case of analgesic overdose fatalities. American Journal of Public Health, 103(12), 2252–2260. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2012.301347Google Scholar
Chaix, B., Billaudeau, N., Thomas, F., et al. (2011). Neighborhood effects on health: Correcting bias from neighborhood effects on participation. Epidemiology, 22(1), 18–26. https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181fd2961CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chaloupka, F. J. & Wechsler, H. (1996). Binge drinking in college: The impact of price, availability, and alcohol control policies. Contemporary Economic Policy, 14(4), 112–124. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7287.1996.tb00638.xGoogle Scholar
Cohen, D. A., Inagami, S. & Finch, B. (2008). The built environment and collective efficacy. Health & Place, 14(2), 198–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2007.06.001Google Scholar
Coleman, J. S. (2000). Social capital in the creation of human capital. In Lesser, E. L. (Ed.), Knowledge and Social Capital: Foundations and Applications. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, pp. 17–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Commission on Social Determinants of Health (2008). Closing the Gap in a Generation: Health Equity Through Action on the Social Determinants of Health. Final Report of the Commission on Social Determinants of Health. Retrieved from World Health Organization: www.who.int/social_determinants/thecommission/finalreport/en/Google Scholar
Cook, B., Hausenblas, H. & Freimuth, M. (2014). Exercise addiction and compulsive exercising: Relationship to eating disorders, substance use disorders, and addictive disorders. In Brewerton, T. & Baker, D. A. (Eds.), Eating Disorders, Addictions and Substance Use Disorders. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45378-6_7Google Scholar
Corrêa, E. N., Schmitz, B. de A. S. & Vasconcelos, F. de A. G. de. (2015). Aspects of the built environment associated with obesity in children and adolescents: A narrative review. Revista de Nutrição, 28(3), 327–340. https://doi.org/10.1590/1415-52732015000300009CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cubbin, C., Hadden, W. C. & Winkleby, M. A. (2001). Neighborhood context and cardiovascular disease risk factors: The contribution of material deprivation. Ethnicity & Disease, 11(4), 687–700.Google Scholar
Cummings, K. M., Fong, G. T. & Borland, R. (2009). Environmental influences on tobacco use: Evidence from societal and community influences on tobacco use and dependence. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 5, 433–458. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.032408.153607Google Scholar
Curtis, S., Cave, B. & Coutts, A. (2002). Is urban regeneration good for health? Perceptions and theories of the health impacts of urban change. Environment & Planning C: Government & Policy, 20(4), 517–534. https://doi.org/10.1068/c02rGoogle Scholar
Dalbey, M. (2008). Implementing smart growth strategies in rural America: Development patterns that support public health goals. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 14(3), 238–243. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.PHH.0000316482.65135.e8CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davis, C. (2013). Compulsive overeating as an addictive behavior: Overlap between food addiction and binge eating disorder. Current Obesity Reports, 2(2), 171–178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679–013-0049-8Google Scholar
Davis, R., Rivera, D. & Parks, L. F. (2015). Moving from Understanding to Action on Health Equity: Social Determinants of Health Frameworks and THRIVE. Retrieved from www.preventioninstitute.org/publications/moving-understanding-action-health-equity-social-determinants-health-frameworks-andGoogle Scholar
Deering, K. N., Rusch, M., Amram, O., et al. (2014). Piloting a “spatial isolation” index: The built environment and sexual and drug use risks to sex workers. International Journal of Drug Policy, 25(3), 533–542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2013.12.002CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Diez-Roux, A. V. (1998). Bringing context back into epidemiology: Variables and fallacies in multilevel analysis. American Journal of Public Health, 88(2), 216–222. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.88.2.216CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Diez-Roux, A. V. (2004). Estimating neighborhood health effects: The challenges of causal inference in a complex world. Social Science & Medicine, 58(10), 1953–1960. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277–9536(03)00414-3Google Scholar
Draus, P., Roddy, J. & Asabigi, K. (2015). Streets, strolls and spots: Sex work, drug use and social space in Detroit. International Journal of Drug Policy, 26(5), 453–460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.01.004CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Evans, G. W. & Kantrowitz, E. (2002). Socioeconomic status and health: The potential role of environmental risk exposure. Annual Review of Public Health, 23(1), 303–331. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.23.112001.112349Google Scholar
Everitt, B. J. & Robbins, T. W. (2016). Drug addiction: Updating actions to habits to compulsions ten years on. Annual Review of Psychology, 67, 23–50. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-122414-033457Google Scholar
Ewald, D. R., Strack, R. W. & Orsini, M. M. (2019). Rethinking addiction. Global Pediatric Health, 6, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/2333794X18821943Google Scholar
Fattore, L. (2014). Sex differences in addictive disorders. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 35(3), 272–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.04.003Google Scholar
Federal Reserve System & Brookings Institution (2008). The Enduring Challenge of Concentrated Poverty in America: Case Studies from Communities Across the U.S., In Erickson, D., Reid, C., Nelson, L., O’Shaughnessy, A. & Berube, A. (Eds.). Washington, DC: Federal Reserve System. Retrieved from www.federalreserve.gov/publications.htmGoogle Scholar
Ferlander, S. (2016). The importance of different rorms of social capital for health. Acta Sociologica, 50(2), 115–128. https://doi.org/10.1177/0001699307077654CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freudenberg, N. (2007). From lifestyle to social determinants: New directions for community health promotion research and practice. Preventing Chronic Disease, 4(3). Retrieved from www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/jul/06_0194.htmGoogle Scholar
Freudenberg, N., Franzosa, E., Chisholm, J. & Libman, K. (2015). New approaches for moving upstream: How state and local health departments can transform practice to reduce health inequalities. Health Education & Behavior, 42(1), 46S–56S. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198114568304Google Scholar
Galea, S. & Vlahov, D. (2002). Social determinants and the health of drug users: Socioeconomic status, homelessness, and incarceration. Public Health Reports, 117(Supplement 1), S135–S145.Google Scholar
Galea, S., Rudenstine, S. & Vlahov, D. (2005). Drug use, misuse, and the urban environment. Drug and Alcohol Review, 24(2), 127–136. https://doi.org/10.1080/09595230500102509CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Galvez, M. P., Pearl, M. & Yen, I. H. (2010). Childhood obesity and the built environment. Current Opinion in Pediatrics, 22(2), 202–207. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOP.0b013e328336eb6fCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gearhardt, A. N., Bragg, M. A., Pearl, R. L., et al. (2012). Obesity and public policy. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 8(1), 405–430. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032511-143129CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gearhardt, A. N., Corbin, W. R. & Brownell, K. D. (2009). Food addiction: An examination of the diagnostic criteria for dependence. Journal of Addiction Medicine, 3(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1097/ADM.0b013e318193c993CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gearhardt, A. N., Grilo, C. M., DiLeone, R. J., Brownell, K. D. & Potenza, M. N. (2011). Can food be addictive? Public health and policy implications. Addiction, 106(7), 1208–1212. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03301.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Getis, A. (2010). Spatial autocorrelation. In Fischer, M. M. & Getis, A. (Eds.), Handbook of Applied Spatial Analysis. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 255–278. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03647-7_14Google Scholar
Giles-Corti, B. & Donovan, R. J. (2003). Relative influences of individual, social environmental, and physical environmental correlates of walking. American Journal of Public Health, 93(9), 1583–1589. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.93.9.1583Google Scholar
Glanz, K. & Kegler, M. C. (2008). Environments: Theory, Research and Measures of the Built Environment. Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute. Retrieved from https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/brp/research/constructs/environments.htmlGoogle Scholar
Goldberg, D. S. (2012). Social justice, health inequalities and methodological individualism in US health promotion. Public Health Ethics, 5(2), 104–115. https://doi.org/10.1093/phe/phs013Google Scholar
Gostin, L. O. & Martinez, R. M. (2004). The future of the public’s health: Vision, values, and strategies. Health Affairs, 23(4), 96–107. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.23.4.96CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gottlieb, L., Sandel, M. & Adler, N. E. (2013). Collecting and applying data on social determinants of health in health care settings. JAMA Internal Medicine, 173(11), 1017–1020. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.560Google Scholar
Greenland, S. & Robins, J. M. (1986). Identifiability, exchangeability, and epidemiological confounding. International Journal of Epidemiology, 15(3), 413–419.Google Scholar
Gruen, R. L., Pearson, S. D. & Brennan, T. A. (2004). Physician-citizens – Public roles and professional obligations. Journal of the American Medical Association, 291(1), 94–98. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.291.1.94Google Scholar
Gruenewald, P. J., Ponicki, W. R. & Holder, H. D. (1993). The relationship of outlet densities to alcohol consumption: A time series cross-sectional analysis. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 17(1), 38–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.1993.tb00723.xGoogle Scholar
Gundersen, C., Mahatmya, D., Garasky, S. & Lohman, B. (2011). Linking psychosocial stressors and childhood obesity. Obesity Reviews, 12(5), e54–e63. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2010.00813.xGoogle Scholar
Handy, S. L., Boarnet, M. G., Ewing, R. & Killingsworth, R. E. (2002). How the built environment affects physical activity: Views from urban planning. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 23(2), 64–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749–3797(02)00475-0CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hankey, S., Marshall, J. D. & Brauer, M. (2012). Health impacts of the built environment: Within-urban variability in physical inactivity, air pollution, and ischemic heart disease mortality. Environmental Health Perspectives, 120(2), 247–253. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1103806Google Scholar
Hansen, P. G., Skov, L. R. & Skov, K. L. (2016). Making healthy choices easier: Regulation versus nudging. Annual Review of Public Health, 37(1), 237–251. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032315-021537CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Healthy People 2020 (2017). Social determinants of health. Retrieved October 23, 2017, from www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-healthGoogle Scholar
Hebebrand, J., Albayrak, Ö., Aden, R., et al. (2014). “Eating addiction,” rather than “food addiction,” better captures addictive-like eating behavior. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 47, 295–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.08.016CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hembree, C., Galea, S., Ahern, J., et al. (2005). The urban built environment and overdose mortality in New York City neighborhoods. Health & Place, 11(2), 147–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2004.02.005Google Scholar
Higgs, P., Leontowitsch, M., Stevenson, F. & Rees Jones, I. (2009). Not just old and sick - the “will to health” in later life. Ageing and Society, 29(5), 687–707. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X08008271CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hillier, A. (2008). Childhood overweight and the built environment: Making technology part of the solution rather than part of the problem. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 615(1), 56–82. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716207308399Google Scholar
Hughes, K. (2007). Migrating identities: The relational constitution of drug use and addiction. Sociology of Health & Illness, 29(5), 673–691. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9566.2007.01018.xGoogle Scholar
Hutch, D. J., Bouye, K. E., Skillen, E., et al. (2011). Potential strategies to eliminate built environment disparities for disadvantaged and vulnerable communities. American Journal of Public Health, 101(4), 587–595. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2009.173872CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hyshka, E. (2013). Applying a social determinants of health perspective to early adolescent cannabis use – An overview. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 20(2), 110–119. https://doi.org/10.3109/09687637.2012.752434Google Scholar
Institute of Medicine. (2000). Promoting Health: Intervention Strategies from Social and Behavioral Research. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/9939Google Scholar
Irwin, J., LaGory, M., Ritchey, F. & Fitzpatrick, K. (2008). Social assets and mental distress among the homeless: Exploring the roles of social support and other forms of social capital on depression. Social Science & Medicine, 67(12), 1935–1943. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.09.008Google Scholar
Jilcott Pitts, S. B., Wu, Q., Sharpe, P. A., et al. (2016). Preferred healthy food nudges, food store environments, and customer dietary practices in 2 low-income southern communities. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 48(10), 735–742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2016.08.001Google Scholar
Just, D. R. & Gabrielyan, G. (2016). Why behavioral economics matters to global food policy. Global Food Security, 11, 26–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2016.05.006Google Scholar
Kawachi, I. (1999). Social capital and community effects on population and individual health. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 896(1), 120–130. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08110.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kessler, R. C. & Cleary, P. D. (1980). Social class and psychological distress. American Sociological Review, 45(3), 463–478. https://doi.org/10.2307/2095178Google Scholar
Keyes, K. M., Cerdá, M., Brady, J. E., Havens, J. R. & Galea, S. (2014). Understanding the rural-urban differences in nonmedical prescription opioid use and abuse in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 104(2), 52–59. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301709Google Scholar
Kim, D., Subramanian, S. V & Kawachi, I. (2006). Bonding versus bridging social capital and their associations with self rated health: A multilevel analysis of 40 US communities. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 60(2), 116–122. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2005.038281Google Scholar
Konkolÿ Thege, B., Hodgins, D. C. & Wild, T. C. (2016). Co-occurring substance-related and behavioral addiction problems: A person-centered, lay epidemiology approach. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 5(4), 614–622. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.5.2016.079Google Scholar
Kypri, K., Bell, M. L., Hay, G. C. & Baxter, J. (2008). Alcohol outlet density and university student drinking: A national study. Addiction, 103(7), 1131–1138. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02239.xGoogle Scholar
Larson, N. I., Story, M. T. & Nelson, M. C. (2009). Neighborhood environments: Disparities in access to healthy foods in the U.S. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 36(1), 74–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2008.09.025Google Scholar
LaScala, E. A., Johnson, F. W. & Gruenewald, P. J. (2001). Neighborhood characteristics of alcohol-related pedestrian injury collisions: A geostatistical analysis. Prevention Science, 2(2), 123–134. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011547831475Google Scholar
Latkin, C. A. & Curry, A. D. (2003). Stressful neighborhoods and depression: A prospective study of the impact of neighborhood disorder. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 44(1), 34–44. https://doi.org/10.2307/1519814Google Scholar
Lee, H.-S., Lemanski, J. L. & Jun, J. W. (2008). Role of gambling media exposure in influencing trajectories among college students. Journal of Gambling Studies, 24(1), 25–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899–007-9078-0Google Scholar
Lerner, R. M. & Kauffman, M. B. (1985). The concept of development in contextualism. Developmental Review, 5(4), 309–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-2297(85)90016-4CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leventhal, T. & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2003). Moving to opportunity: An experimental study of neighborhood effects on mental health. American Journal of Public Health, 93(9), 1576–1582. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.93.9.1576Google Scholar
Leyden, K. M. (2003). Social capital and the built environment: The importance of walkable neighborhoods. American Journal of Public Health, 93(9), 1546–1551. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.93.9.1546Google Scholar
Lipperman-Kreda, S., Mair, C., Grube, J. W., et al. (2014). Density and proximity of tobacco outlets to homes and schools: Relations with youth cigarette smoking. Prevention Science, 15(5), 738–744. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121–013-0442-2Google Scholar
Livingston, M., Chikritzhs, T. & Room, R. (2007). Changing the density of alcohol outlets to reduce alcohol-related problems. Drug and Alcohol Review, 26(5), 557–566. https://doi.org/10.1080/09595230701499191Google Scholar
McLeroy, K. R., Bibeau, D., Steckler, A. & Glanz, K. (1988). An ecological perspective on health promotion programs. Health Education & Behavior, 15(4), 351–377. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019818801500401Google Scholar
Milam, A. J., Furr-Holden, C. D. M., Cooley-Strickland, M. C., Bradshaw, C. P. & Leaf, P. J. (2014). Risk for exposure to alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs on the route to and from school: The role of alcohol outlets. Prevention Science, 15(1), 12–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121–012-0350-xGoogle Scholar
Milam, A. J., Johnson, S. L., Furr-Holden, C. D. M. & Bradshaw, C. P. (2016). Alcohol outlets and substance abuse amongh high schoolers. Journal of Community Psychology, 44(7), 819. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.21802CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitchell, C. U. & LaGory, M. (2002). Social capital and mental distress in an impoverished community. City & Community, 1(2), 199–222. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-6040.00017CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Monnat, S. M. & Rigg, K. K. (2016). Examining rural/urban differences in prescription opioid misuse among US adolescents. Journal of Rural Health, 32(2), 204–218. https://doi.org/10.1111/jrh.12141CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Monteiro, C. A., Levy, R. B., Claro, R. M., de Castro, I. R. R. & Cannon, G. (2011). Increasing consumption of ultra-processed foods and likely impact on human health: Evidence from Brazil. Public Health Nutrition, 14(1), 5–13. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980010003241CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moudon, A. V., Lee, C., Cheadle, A. D., et al. (2006). Operational definitions of walkable neighborhood: Theoretical and empirical insights. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 3(Supplement 1), S99–S117. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.3.s1.s99CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mulatu, M. S. & Schooler, C. (2002). Causal connections between socio-economic status and health: Reciprocal effects and mediating mechanisms. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 43(1), 22–41. https://doi.org/10.2307/3090243Google Scholar
National Prevention Council. (2012). National Prevention Council Action Plan: Implementing the National Prevention Strategy. Washington, DC: National Prevention Council. Retrieved from http://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo50605Google Scholar
Northridge, M. E., Sclar, E. D. & Biswas, P. (2003). Sorting out the connections between the built environment and health: A conceptual framework for navigating pathways and planning healthy cities. Journal of Urban Health, 80(4), 556–568. https://doi.org/10.1093/jurban/jtg064Google Scholar
Nowak, D. E. & Aloe, A. M. (2014). The prevalence of pathological gambling among college students: a meta-analytic synthesis, 2005–2013. Journal of Gambling Studies, 30(4), 819–843. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899–013-9399-0Google Scholar
Nowell, B. L., Berkowitz, S. L., Deacon, Z. & Foster-Fishman, P. (2006). Revealing the cues within community places: Stories of identity, history, and possibility. American Journal of Community Psychology, 37(1–2), 29–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464–005-9006-3Google Scholar
Obesity Research Task Force (2011). Strategic Plan for NIH Obesity Research. Rockville, MD: National Institutes of Health (NIH Publication No. 11-5493). Retrieved from https://obesityresearch.nih.gov/about/StrategicPlanforNIH_Obesity_Research_Full-Report_2011.pdfGoogle Scholar
Olsen, C. M. (2011). Natural rewards, neuroplasticity, and non-drug addictions. Neuropharmacology, 61(7), 1109–1122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.03.010Google Scholar
Perdue, W. C., Gostin, L. O. & Stone, L. A. (2003). Public health and the built enviromnent: Historical, empirical, and theoretical foundations for an expanded role. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 31(4), 557–566. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720X.2003.tb00123.xGoogle Scholar
Perkins, D. D., Wandersman, A., Rich, R. C. & Taylor, R. B. (1993). The physical environment of street crime: Defensible space, territoriality and incivilities. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 13(1), 29–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272–4944(05)80213-0Google Scholar
Pollack, C. E., Cubbin, C., Ahn, D. & Winkleby, M. (2005). Neighbourhood deprivation and alcohol consumption: Does the availability of alcohol play a role? International Journal of Epidemiology, 34(4), 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyi026Google Scholar
Popkin, B. M. (2006). Global nutrition dynamics: The world is shifting rapidly toward a diet linked with noncommunicable diseases. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 84(2), 289–298. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/84.1.289Google Scholar
Public Health Institute [PHI] (2015). Making the case for linking community development and health: A resource for those working to improve low-income communities and the lives of the people living in them. Public Health Institute. Retrieved from www.phi.org/resources/?resource=making-the-case-for-linking-community-development-and-healthGoogle Scholar
Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon & Schuster.Google Scholar
Rahman, T., Cushing, R. A. & Jackson, R. J. (2011). Contributions of built environment to childhood obesity. Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, 78(1), 49–57. https://doi.org/10.1002/msj.20235Google Scholar
Renalds, A., Smith, T. H. & Hale, P. J. (2010). A systematic review of built environment and health. Family and Community Health, 33(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1097/FCH.0b013e3181c4e2e5Google Scholar
Rhodes, T. (2002). The risk environment: A framework for understanding and reducing drug-related harm. International Journal of Drug Policy, 13(2), 85–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0955–3959(02)00007-5Google Scholar
Roberto, C. A. & Kawachi, I. (2014). Use of psychology and behavioral economics to promote healthy eating. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 47(6), 832–837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2014.08.002Google Scholar
Sallis, J. F., Owen, N. & Fisher, E. B. (2008). Ecological models of health behavior. In Glanz, K., Rimer, B. K. & Viswanath, K. (Eds.), Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, Research, and Practice (4th edition). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, pp. 465–485.Google Scholar
Sameroff, A. (2010). A unified theory of development: A dialectic integration of nature and nurture. Child Development, 81(1), 6–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01378.xGoogle Scholar
Sampson, R. J., Raudenbush, S. W. & Earls, F. (1997). Neighborhoods and violent crime: A multilevel study of collective efficacy. Science, 277(5328), 918–924. Retrieved from www.jstor.org/stable/2892902Google Scholar
Satcher, D., Okafor, M. & Dill, L. J. (2012). Impact of the built environment on mental and sexual health: Policy implications and recommendations. ISRN Public Health, 2012(9), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/806792Google Scholar
Scarr, S. & McCartney, K. (1983). How people make their own environments: A theory of genotype → environment effects. Child Development, 54(2), 424–435. https://doi.org/10.2307/1129703Google Scholar
Schonlau, M., Scribner, R., Farley, T. A., et al. (2008). Alcohol outlet density and alcohol consumption in Los Angeles county and southern Louisiana. Geospatial Health, 3(1), 91–101. https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2008.235CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schreiber, L. R. N., Odlaug, B. L. & Grant, J. E. (2013). The overlap between binge eating disorder and substance use disorders: Diagnosis and neurobiology. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 2(4), 191–198. https://doi.org/10.1556/JBA.2.2013.015Google Scholar
Schulenberg, J. E., Johnston, L. D., O’Malley, P. M., et al. (2017). Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug Use, 1975–2016: Volume II, College Students and Adults Ages 19–55. Ann Arbor: Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://monitoringthefuture.org/pubs.html#monographsGoogle Scholar
Schulz, A. & Northridge, M. E. (2016). Social determinants of health: Implications for environmental health promotion. Health Education & Behavior, 31(4), 455–471. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198104265598Google Scholar
Scribner, R. A., Cohen, D. A. & Fisher, W. (2000). Evidence of a structural effect for alcohol outlet density: A multilevel analysis. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 24(2), 188–195. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2000.tb04590.xGoogle Scholar
Sévigny, S., Ladouceur, R., Jacques, C. & Cantinotti, M. (2008). Links between casino proximity and gambling participation, expenditure, and pathology. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 22(2), 295–301. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-164X.22.2.295Google Scholar
Sharkey, P. (2013). Stuck in Place: Urban Neighborhoods and the End of Progress Toward Racial Equality. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Sher, K. J., Bartholow, B. D. & Nanda, S. (2001). Short- and long-term effects of fraternity and sorority membership on heavy drinking: A social norms perspective. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 15(1), 42–51. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-164X.15.1.42Google Scholar
Sherba, R. T. & Gersper, B. E. (2017). Community college and university student gambling beliefs, motives, and behaviors. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 41(12), 823–841. https://doi.org/10.1080/10668926.2016.1233142Google Scholar
Song, L. (2011). Social capital and psychological distress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 52(4), 478–492. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022146511411921Google Scholar
Stockwell, T. & Gruenewald, P. J. (2004). Controls on the physical availability of alcohol. In Heather, N. & Stockwell, T. (Eds.), The Essential Handbook of Treatment and Prevention of Alcohol Problems. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, pp. 213–233.Google Scholar
Stokols, D. & Shumaker, S. A. (1981). People in places: A transactional view of settings. In Harvey, J. H. (Ed.), Cognition, Social Behaviour and the Environment. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc., pp. 441–488.Google Scholar
Suglia, S. F., Shelton, R. C., Hsiao, A., et al. (2016). Why the neighborhood social environment is critical in obesity prevention. Journal of Urban Health, 93(1), 206–212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524–015-0017-6Google Scholar
Sussman, C. J., Harper, J. M., Harper, J. M., Stahl, J. L. & Weigle, P. (2018). Internet and video game addictions: Diagnosis, epidemiology, and neurobiology. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 27(2), 307–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2017.11.015Google Scholar
Tong, H. H. & Chim, D. (2013). The relationship between casino proximity and problem gambling. Asian Journal of Gambling Issues and Public Health, 3(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1186/2195-3007-3-2Google Scholar
Toomey, T. L., Lenk, K. M. & Wagenaar, A. C. (2007). Environmental policies to reduce college drinking: An update of research findings. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 68(2), 208–219. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2007.68.208Google Scholar
Treno, A. J., Gruenewald, P. J., Grube, J. W., Saltz, R. F. & Paschal, M. J. (2015). Environmental approaches to prevention: A community-based perspective. In Ries, R. K., Fiellin, D. A., Miller, S. C. & Saitz, R. (Eds.), The ASAM Principles of Addiction Medicine (5th edition). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health.Google Scholar
Treno, A. J., Johnson, F. W., Remer, L. G. & Gruenewald, P. J. (2007). The impact of outlet densities on alcohol-related crashes: A spatial panel approach. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 39(5), 894–901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2006.12.011Google Scholar
Tucker, J. S., Pollard, M. S., de la Haye, K., Kennedy, D. P. & Green, H. D. (2013). Neighborhood characteristics and the initiation of marijuana use and binge drinking. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 128(1–2), 83–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.08.006Google Scholar
Ulijaszek, S. J. & McLennan, A. K. (2016). Framing obesity in UK policy from the Blair years, 1997–2015: The persistence of individualistic approaches despite overwhelming evidence of societal and economic factors, and the need for collective responsibility. Obesity Reviews, 17(5), 397–411. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12386Google Scholar
Vaeth, P. A. C., Wang-Schweig, M. & Caetano, R. (2017). Drinking, alcohol use disorder, and treatment access and utilization among U.S. racial/ethnic groups. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 41(1), 6–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.13285Google Scholar
Victor, C., Scambler, S., Bond, J. & Bowling, A. (2000). Being alone in later life: Loneliness, social isolation and living alone. Reviews in Clinical Gerontology, 10(4), 407–417. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959259800104101Google Scholar
von Bertalanffy, L. (1968). General System Theory: Foundations, Development, Applications. New York: George Braziller.Google Scholar
Warner, T. D. (2016). Up in smoke: Neighborhood contexts of marijuana use from adolescence through young adulthood. Journal of Youth Adolescence, 45(1), 35–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964–015-0370-5Google Scholar
Warren, J. C., Smalley, K. B. & Barefoot, K. N. (2015). Perceived ease of access to alcohol, tobacco and other substances in rural and urban US students. Rural and Remote Health, 15(4), 1–10. Retrieved from www.rrh.org.au/journal/article/3397Google Scholar
Wechsler, H., Lee, J. E., Nelson, T. F. & Kuo, M. (2002). Underage college students’ drinking behavior, access to alcohol, and the influence of deterrence policies. Findings from the Harvard School of Public Health College Alcohol Study. Journal of American College Health, 50(5), 223–236. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448480209595714Google Scholar
Weitzman, E. R., Folkman, A., Folkman, K. L. & Wechsler, H. (2003). The relationship of alcohol outlet density to heavy and frequent drinking and drinking-related problems among college students at eight universities. Health & Place, 9(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1353–8292(02)00014-XGoogle Scholar
Welte, J. W., Barnes, G. M., Tidwell, M.-C. O., Hoffman, J. H. & Wieczorek, W. F. (2016a). The relationship between distance from gambling venues and gambling participation and problem gambling among U.S. adults. Journal of Gambling Studies, 32(4), 1055–1063. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899–015-9583-5Google Scholar
Welte, J. W., Tidwell, M.-C. O., Barnes, G. M., Hoffman, J. H. & Wieczorek, W. F. (2016b). The relationship between the number of types of legal gambling and the rates of gambling behaviors and problems across U.S. states. Journal of Gambling Studies, 32(2), 379–390. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899–015-9551-0Google Scholar
Wilcox, P., Quisenberry, N. & Jones, S. (2016). The built environment and community crime risk interpretation. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 40(3), 322–345. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427803253801Google Scholar
Wilson, N., Syme, S. L., Boyce, W. T., Battistich, V. A. & Selvin, S. (2016). Adolescent alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use: The influence of neighborhood disorder and hope. American Journal of Health Promotion, 20(1), 11–19. https://doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-20.1.11CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winters, M., Brauer, M., Setton, E. M. & Teschke, K. (2010). Built environment influences on healthy transportation choices: Bicycling versus driving. Journal of Urban Health, 87(6), 969–993. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524–010-9509-6CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wood, L., Shannon, T., Bulsara, M., et al. (2008). The anatomy of the safe and social suburb: An exploratory study of the built environment, social capital and residents perceptions of safety. Health & Place, 14(1), 15–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2007.04.004Google Scholar
World Health Organization & Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2003). Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases. Report of a joint WHO/FAO expert consultation. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization (Technical Report Series 916). Retrieved from www.who.int/nutrition/publications/obesity/WHO_TRS_916/en/Google Scholar
Yip, W., Subramanian, S. V., Mitchell, A. D. & Lee, D. T. S. (2007). Does social capital enhance health and well-being? Evidence from rural China. Social Science & Medicine, 64(1), 35–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.08.027Google Scholar
Zellner, D. A., Loaiza, S., Gonzalez, Z., et al. (2006). Food selection changes under stress. Physiology & Behavior, 87(4), 789–793. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.01.014Google Scholar
Ziersch, A. M., Baum, F. E. & Putland, C. (2005). Neighbourhood life and social capital: The implications for health. Social Science & Medicine, 60(1), 71–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.04.027Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×