Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-16T01:21:06.979Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

8 - Psychiatric Epidemiology Methods

from Part II - Observational Approaches

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 March 2020

Aidan G. C. Wright
Affiliation:
University of Pittsburgh
Michael N. Hallquist
Affiliation:
Pennsylvania State University
Get access

Summary

Psychiatric disorders represent a substantial burden on the health and wellbeing of individuals and their societies. Quantifying this burden and searching for its causes are the primary aims of psychiatric epidemiology. This chapter is a resource for clinical psychologists interested in the methods applied by epidemiologists searching for the causes of psychiatric conditions. The chapter starts out by introducing the types of study designs used in epidemiology, then describes the measurement and analysis of risk factors for psychiatric disorders. The chapter subsequently defines a cause and considers the properties necessary for the analysis of risk factors, previously estimated, to be considered a causal effect. The chapter concludes with considerations for clinical psychologists using epidemiologic methods.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abramowitz, J. S. (1997). Effectiveness of Psychological and Pharmacological Treatments for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Quantitative Review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65(1), 4452.Google Scholar
Agresti, A., & Kateri, M. (2011). Categorical Data Analysis: International Encyclopedia of Statistical Science (pp. 206208). Berlin: Springer.Google Scholar
Anda, R., Tietjen, G., Schulman, E., Felitti, V., & Croft, J. (2010). Adverse Childhood Experiences and Frequent Headaches in Adults. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain, 50(9), 14731481.Google Scholar
Arsenault-Lapierre, G., Kim, C., & Turecki, G. (2004). Psychiatric Diagnoses in 3275 Suicides: A Meta-Analysis. BMC Psychiatry, 4(37), 111.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Balance Investigators. (2010). Lithium plus Valproate Combination Therapy versus Monotherapy for Relapse Prevention in Bipolar I Disorder (BALANCE): A Randomised Open-Label Trial. The Lancet, 375(9712), 385395.Google Scholar
Berkson, J. (1946). Limitations of the Application of Fourfold Table Analysis to Hospital Data. Biometrics Bulletin, 2(3), 4753.Google Scholar
Bernstein, D. P., Stein, J. A., Newcomb, M. D., Walker, E., Pogge, D., Ahluvalia, T., … Desmond, D. (2003). Development and Validation of a Brief Screening Version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Child Abuse & Neglect, 27(2), 169190.Google Scholar
Björkenstam, E., Ekselius, L., Burström, B., Kosidou, K., & Björkenstam, C. (2017). Association between Childhood Adversity and a Diagnosis of Personality Disorder in Young Adulthood: A Cohort Study of 107,287 Individuals in Stockholm County. European Journal of Epidemiology, 32(8), 721731.Google Scholar
Bruskas, D., & Tessin, D. H. (2013). Adverse Childhood Experiences and Psychosocial Well-Being of Women Who Were in Foster Care as Children. The Permanente Journal, 17(3), 131141.Google Scholar
Bullock, J. G., Green, D. P., & Ha, S. E. (2010). Yes, but What’s the Mechanism?(Don’t Expect an Easy Answer). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98(4), 550558.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cronbach, L. J., & Meehl, P. E. (1955). Construct Validity in Psychological Tests. Psychological Bulletin, 52(4), 281309.Google Scholar
Curtin, S. C., Warner, M., & Hedegaard, H. (2016). Increase in Suicide in the United States, 1999‒2014. US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics.Google Scholar
DeVellis, R. F. (2016). Scale Development: Theory and Applications (Vol. 26). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Di Forti, M., Marconi, A., Carra, E., Fraietta, S., Trotta, A., Bonomo, M., … Russo, M. (2015). Proportion of Patients in South London with First-Episode Psychosis Attributable to Use of High Potency Cannabis: A Case-Control Study. The Lancet Psychiatry, 2(3), 233238.Google Scholar
Di Forti, M., Morgan, C., Dazzan, P., Pariante, C., Mondelli, V., Marques, T. R., … Paparelli, A. (2009). High-Potency Cannabis and the Risk of Psychosis. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 195(6), 488491.Google Scholar
Elliott, J. C., Stohl, M., Wall, M. M., Keyes, K. M., Skodol, A. E., Eaton, N. R., … Hasin, D. S. (2016). Childhood Maltreatment, Personality Disorders and 3‐Year Persistence of Adult Alcohol and Nicotine Dependence in a National Sample. Addiction, 111(5), 913923.Google Scholar
Espeland, M. A., & Hui, S. L. (1987). A General Approach to Analyzing Epidemiologic Data that Contain Misclassification Errors. Biometrics, 43(4) 10011012.Google Scholar
Flanders, W. D., Drews, C. D., & Kosinski, A. S. (1995). Methodology to Correct for Differential Misclassification. Epidemiology, 6(2), 152156.Google Scholar
Gatto, N. M., Campbell, U. B., Rundle, A. G., & Ahsan, H. (2004). Further Development of the Case-Only Design for Assessing Gene-Environment Interaction: Evaluation of and Adjustment for Bias. International Journal of Epidemiology, 33(5), 10141024.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Geracioti, T. D., Baker, D. G., Kasckow, J. W., Strawn, J. R., Mulchahey, J. J., Dashevsky, B. A., … Ekhator, N. N. (2008). Effects of Trauma-Related Audiovisual Stimulation on Cerebrospinal Fluid Norepinephrine and Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Concentrations in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 33(4), 416424.Google Scholar
Geracioti, T. D., Jefferson-Wilson, L., Strawn, J. R., Baker, D. G., Dashevsky, B. A., Horn, P. S., & Ekhator, N. N. (2013). Effect of Traumatic Imagery on Cerebrospinal Fluid Dopamine and Serotonin Metabolites in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 47(7), 995998.Google Scholar
Greenland, S., & Kleinbaum, D. G. (1983). Correcting for Misclassification in Two-Way Tables and Matched-Pair Studies. International Journal of Epidemiology, 12(1), 9397.Google Scholar
Greenland, S., & Thomas, D. C. (1982). On the Need for the Rare Disease Assumption in Case-Control Studies. American Journal of Epidemiology, 116(3), 547553.Google Scholar
Harrison, G., Gunnell, D., Glazebrook, C., Page, K., & Kwiecinski, R. (2001). Association between Schizophrenia and Social Inequality at Birth: Case-Control Study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 179(4), 346350.Google Scholar
Holland, P. W. (1986). Statistics and Causal Inference. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 81(396), 945960.Google Scholar
Hosmer, D. W. Jr, Lemeshow, S., & Sturdivant, R. X. (2013). Applied Logistic Regression (Vol. 398). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Jenkins, T. A. (2013). Perinatal Complications and Schizophrenia: Involvement of the Immune System. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 7, 110118.Google Scholar
Kessler, R. C., Duncan, G. J., Gennetian, L. A., Katz, L. F., Kling, J. R., Sampson, N. A., … Ludwig, J. (2014). Associations of Housing Mobility Interventions for Children in High-Poverty Neighborhoods with Subsequent Mental Disorders during Adolescence. Jama, 311(9), 937947.Google Scholar
Kim, J. H., Martins, S. S., Shmulewitz, D., Santaella, J., Wall, M. M., Keyes, K. M., … Hasin, D. S. (2014). Childhood Maltreatment, Stressful Life Events, and Alcohol Craving in Adult Drinkers. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 38(7), 20482055.Google Scholar
Kleinbaum, D., Kupper, L., Nizam, A., & Rosenberg, E. (2013). Applied Regression Analysis and Other Multivariable Methods. Ontario: Nelson Education.Google Scholar
Ludwig, J., Liebman, J. B., Kling, J. R., Duncan, G. J., Katz, L. F., Kessler, R. C., & Sanbonmatsu, L. (2008). What Can We Learn about Neighborhood Effects from the Moving to Opportunity Experiment? American Journal of Sociology, 114(1), 144188.Google Scholar
Meyers, J. L., Lowe, S. R., Eaton, N. R., Krueger, R., Grant, B. F., & Hasin, D. (2015). Childhood Maltreatment, 9/11 Exposure, and Latent Dimensions of Psychopathology: A Test of Stress Sensitization. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 68, 337345.Google Scholar
Moberg, C. A., & Humphreys, K. (2017). Exclusion Criteria in Treatment Research on Alcohol, Tobacco and Illicit Drug Use Disorders: A Review and Critical Analysis. Drug and Alcohol Review, 36(3), 378388.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pearce, N. (1993). What Does the Odds Ratio Estimate in a Case-Control Study? International Journal of Epidemiology, 22(6), 11891192.Google Scholar
Pearl, J. (1988). Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems: Networks of Plausible Inference. Burlington, MA: Morgan Kaufmann.Google Scholar
Pearl, J. (1995). Causal Diagrams for Empirical Research. Biometrika, 82(4), 669688.Google Scholar
Pirlott, A. G., & MacKinnon, D. P. (2016). Design Approaches to Experimental Mediation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 66, 2938.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pruchno, R. A., Brill, J. E., Shands, Y., Gordon, J. R., Genderson, M. W., Rose, M., & Cartwright, F. (2008). Convenience Samples and Caregiving Research: How Generalizable Are the Findings? The Gerontologist, 48(6), 820827.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd edn.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.Google Scholar
Sauver, J. L. S., Grossardt, B. R., Leibson, C. L., Yawn, B. P., Melton, L. J., & Rocca, W. A. (2012). Generalizability of Epidemiological Findings and Public Health Decisions: An Illustration from the Rochester Epidemiology Project. Paper presented at the Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 87(2), 151‒160.Google Scholar
Silva, P. A. (1990). The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study: A 15 Year Longitudinal Study. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 4(1), 76107.Google Scholar
Stapinski, L. A., Bowes, L., Wolke, D., Pearson, R. M., Mahedy, L., Button, K. S., … Araya, R. (2014). Peer Victimization during Adolescence and Risk for Anxiety Disorders in Adulthood: A Prospective Cohort Study. Depression and Anxiety, 31(7), 574582.Google Scholar
Storbjörk, J. (2014). Implications of Enrolment Eligibility Criteria in Alcohol Treatment Outcome Research: Generalisability and Potential Bias in 1‐and 6‐Year Outcomes. Drug and Alcohol Review, 33(6), 604611.Google Scholar
Susser, M. (1973). Causal Thinking in the Health Sciences: Concepts and Strategies of Epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Tran, P. V., Hamilton, S. H., Kuntz, A. J., Potvin, J. H., Andersen, S. W., & Tollefson, G. D. (1997). Double-Blind Comparison of Olanzapine versus Risperidone in the Treatment of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 17(5), 407418.Google Scholar
Van Etten, M. L., & Taylor, S. (1998). Comparative Efficacy of Treatments for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Meta-Analysis. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy: An International Journal of Theory and Practice, 5(3), 126144.Google Scholar
Vandenbroucke, J. P., & Pearce, N. (2012). Case-Control Studies: Basic Concepts. International Journal of Epidemiology, 41(5), 14801489.Google Scholar
Wacholder, S., & Boivin, J.-F. (1987). External Comparisons with the Case-Cohort Design. American Journal of Epidemiology, 126(6), 11981209.Google Scholar
Wacholder, S., Silverman, D. T., McLaughlin, J. K., & Mandel, J. S. (1992a). Selection of Controls in Case-Control Studies: II. Types of Controls. American Journal of Epidemiology, 135(9), 10291041.Google Scholar
Wacholder, S., Silverman, D. T., McLaughlin, J. K., & Mandel, J. S. (1992b). Selection of Controls in Case-Control Studies: III. Design Options. American Journal of Epidemiology, 135(9), 10421050.Google Scholar
Waern, M., Rubenowitz, E., Runeson, B., Skoog, I., Wilhelmson, K., & Allebeck, P. (2002). Burden of Illness and Suicide in Elderly People: Case-Control Study. British Medical Journal, 324(7350), 13551358.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×