Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T14:57:51.488Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Part II - Models

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 February 2020

Carl W. Lejuez
Affiliation:
University of Kansas
Kim L. Gratz
Affiliation:
University of Toledo, Ohio
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Al-Dajani, N., Tralnick, T. M., & Bagby, R. M. (2016). A psychometric review of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5): Current status and future directions. Journal of Personality Assessment, 98, 6281.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
American Psychiatric Association. (1980). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar
Angst, J., & Merikangas, K. (1997). The depressive spectrum: Diagnostic classification and course. Journal of Affective Disorders, 45, 3139.Google Scholar
Beitz, K., & Bornstein, R. F. (2010). Dependent personality disorder. In Fisher, J. F. & Dononhue, W. T. (Eds.), Practitioner’s Guide to Evidence Based Psychotherapy (pp. 230237). New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Binks, C. A., Fenton, M., McCarthy, L., Lee, T., Adams, C. E., & Duggan, C. (2006). Psychological therapies for people with borderline personality disorder. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews [Article CD005652].CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, W. K., & Miller, J. D. (Eds.) (2011). Handbook of Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality Disorder. New York: Wiley.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caspi, A., Houts, R., Belsky, D. W., & Moffitt, T. E. (2014). The p factor: One general psychopathology factor in the structure of psychiatric disorders? Clinical Psychological Science, 2, 119137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coid, J., & Ullrich, S. (2010). Antisocial personality disorder is on a continuum with psychopathy. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 51, 426433.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Costa, P. T., & Widiger, T. A. (Eds.) (2013). Personality Disorders and the Five Factor Model of Personality (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Dickinson, K. A., & Pincus, A. L. (2003). Interpersonal analysis of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. Journal of Personality Disorders, 17, 188207.Google Scholar
Esterberg, M. A., Goulding, S. M., & Walker, E. F. (2010). Cluster A personality disorders: Schizotypal, schizoid and paranoid personality disorders in childhood and adolescence. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 32, 515528.Google Scholar
Eysenck, H. J. (1967). The Biological Basis of Personality. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.Google Scholar
Fazel, S., & Danesh, J. (2002). Serious mental disorder in 23000 prisoners: A systematic review of 62 surveys. Lancet, 359(9306), 545550.Google Scholar
First, M. B., Bhat, V., Adler, D., Dixon, L., & Goldman, B. (2014). How do clinicians actually use the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in clinical practice and why we need to know more? Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 202, 841844.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frances, A. (2013). Saving Normal. New York: HarperCollins.Google Scholar
Gunderson, J. G., & Phillips, K. A. (1991). A current view of the interface between borderline personality disorder and depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 967975.Google Scholar
Gunderson, J. G., Stout, R. L., McGlashan, T. H., Shea, T., Morey, L. C., Grilo, C. M., … Skodol, A. E. (2011). Ten-year course of borderline personality disorder: Psychopathology and function from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study. Archives of General Psychiatry68, 827837.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hare, R. D., & Neumann, C. S. (2008). Psychopathy as a clinical and empirical constructAnnual Review of Clinical Psychology4, 217246.Google Scholar
Hart, S. D., & Hare, R. D. (1996). Psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder. Current Opinion in Psychiatry9, 129132.Google Scholar
Haslam, N. (2016). Concept creep: Psychology’s expanding concepts of harm and pathology. Psychological Inquiry, 27, 117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herpertz, S. C., Huuprich, S. K., Bohus, M., Chanen, A., Goodman, M., Mehlum, L., … Sharp, C. (2017). The challenge of transforming the diagnostic system of personality disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 31, 577589.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Horwitz, A. V., & Wakefield, J. C. (2007). The Loss of Sadness: How Psychiatry Transformed Normal Sorrow into Depressive Disorder. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horwitz, A. V., & Wakefield, J. C. (2012). All We Have to Fear: Psychiatry’s Transformation of Natural Anxieties into Mental Disorders. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Insel, T. R., Cuthbert, B., Garvey, M., Heinssen, R., Pine, D. S., Quinn, K., … Wang, P. (2010). Research domain criteria (RDoC): Toward a new classification framework for research on mental disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 167, 748751.Google Scholar
Jablensky, A. (2016). Psychiatric classifications: Validity and utility. World Psychiatry, 15, 2631.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krueger, R. F., & Bezdjian, S. (2009). Enhancing research and treatment of mental disorders with dimensional concepts: Toward DSM-V and ICD-11. World Psychiatry, 8, 306310.Google Scholar
Krueger, R. F., Derringer, J., Markon, K. E., Watson, D., & Skodol, A. E. (2012). Initial construction of a maladaptive personality trait model and inventory for DSM-5. Psychological Medicine, 42, 18791890.Google Scholar
Krueger, R. F., & Markon, C. (2014). The role of the DSM-5 personality trait model in moving toward a quantitative and empirically based approach to classifying personality and psychopathology. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 10, 477501.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kupfer, D. J., & Regier, D. A. (2011). Neuroscience, clinical evidence, and the future of psychiatric classification in DSM-5. American Journal of Psychiatry, 168, 172174.Google Scholar
Lang, P. J., & McTeague, L. M. (2009). The anxiety disorder spectrum: Fear imagery, physiological reactivity, and differential diagnosis. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 22, 525.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lenzenweger, M. F., Lane, M. C., Loranger, A. W., & Kessler, R. C. (2007). DSM-IV personality disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Biological Psychiatry, 62, 553556.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Livesley, W. J., Jang, K. L., & Vernon, P. A. (1998). Phenotypic and genetic structure of traits delineating personality disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55, 941948.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maples, J. L., Carter, N. T., Few, L. R., Crego, C., Gore, W. L., Samuel, D. B., & Markon, K. E. (2015). Testing whether the DSM-5 personality disorder trait model can be measured with a reduced set of items: An item response theory investigation of the personality inventory for DSM-5Psychological Assessment, 27, 11951210.Google Scholar
McArdle, P. (2008). Use and misuse of drugs and alcohol in adolescence. British Medical Journal, 337, 4650.Google Scholar
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. (2009). Borderline Personality Disorder: Recognition and Management (NICE Clinical Guideline No. 78). Retrieved from www.nice.org.uk/guidance/CG78/Google Scholar
Novalis, F., Araujo, A., & Godinho, P. (2015). Historical roots of histrionic personality disorder. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 14631467.Google Scholar
Olfson, M., Blanco, W., & Greenhill, L. L. (2013). Trends in office-based treatment of adults with stimulants in the United States. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 74, 4350.Google Scholar
Paris, J. (2012). The Bipolar Spectrum: Diagnosis or Fad? New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Paris, J. (2013). Anatomy of a debacle: Commentary on “Seeking clarity for future revisions of the personality disorders in DSM- 5.” Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, & Treatment, 4, 377378.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paris, J., Bhat, V., & Thombs, B. (2015). Is adult ADHD being over-diagnosed? Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 60, 324328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paris, J., Gunderson, J. G., & Weinberg, I. (2007). The interface between borderline personality disorder and bipolar spectrum disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 48, 145154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paris, J., & Kirmayer, L. (2016). The NIMH research domain criteria: A bridge too far. Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, 204, 2632.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Potuzak, M., Ravichandran, C., Lewandowski, K. E., Ongur, D., & Cohen, B. (2014). Categorical vs dimensional classifications of psychotic disorders. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 53, 11181129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reichborn-Kjennerud, T., Czajkowski, N., Torgersen, S., Neale, M. C., Orstavki, R. E., & Kendler, K. S. (2007). The relationship between avoidant personality disorder and social phobia: A population-based twin study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 17221728.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rossell, D. R., Futterman, S. E., McMaster, A., & Siever, L. J. (2014). Schizotypal personality disorder: A current review. Current Psychiatry Reports, 16, 452460.Google Scholar
Schroeder, K., Fisher, H. L., & Schafer, I. (2013). Psychotic symptoms in patients with borderline personality disorder: Prevalence and clinical management. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 26, 113119.Google Scholar
Silk, K. R. (2016). Personality disorders in DSM-5: A commentary on the perceived process and outcome of the proposal of the Personality and Personality Disorders Work Group. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 24, 309310.Google Scholar
Tyrer, P., & Alexander, J. (1979). Classificiation of personality disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 135, 163167.Google Scholar
Tyrer, P., Crawford, M., Mulder, R., & Blashfield, R. (2011). The rationale for the reclassification of personality disorder in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). Personality and Mental Health, 5, 246259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Widiger, T. A. (2007). Dimensional models of personality disorder. World Psychiatry, 6, 7983.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. (1992). International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (10th revision, ICD-10). Geneva: World Health Organization.Google Scholar
Zachar, P., & First, M. B. (2015). Transitioning to a dimensional model of personality disorder in DSM 5.1 and beyond. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 28, 6672.Google Scholar
Zanarini, M. C. (2009). Psychotherapy of borderline personality disorder. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 120, 3741.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zanarini, M. C., Frankenburg, F. R., Dubo, E. D.. Sickel, A. E., Trikha, A., & Levin, A. (1998). Axis I comorbidity of borderline personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 17331739.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zimmerman, M., & Mattia, J. (1999). Differences between clinical and research practices in diagnosing borderline personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 15701574.Google Scholar
Zimmerman, M., Rothschild, L., & Chelminski, I. (2005). The prevalence of DSM-IV personality disorders in psychiatric outpatients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 19111918.Google Scholar
Zoccolillo, M., Pickles, A., Quinton, D., & Rutter, M. (1992). The outcome of childhood conduct disorder: Implications for defining adult personality disorder and conduct disorder. Psychological Medicine, 22, 971986.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

References

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar
Borsboom, D., & Cramer, A. O. (2013). Network analysis: An integrative approach to the structure of psychopathologyAnnual Review of Clinical Psychology9, 91121.Google Scholar
Clark, L. A. (2007). Assessment and diagnosis of personality disorder: Perennial issues and an emerging reconceptualization. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 227257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coltman, T., Devinney, T. M., Midgley, D. F., & Venaik, S. (2008). Formative versus reflective measurement models: Two applications of formative measurement. Journal of Business Research61, 12501262.Google Scholar
Costa, P. T., & Widiger, T. A. (Eds.) (2013). Personality Disorders and the Five Factor Model of Personality (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
DeYoung, C. G. (2015). Cybernetic big five theory. Journal of Research in Personality, 56, 3358.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fried, E. I., & Cramer, A. O. (2017). Moving forward: Challenges and directions for psychopathological network theory and methodologyPerspectives on Psychological Science12, 9991020.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grove, W. M., & Tellegen, A. (1991). Problems in the classification of personality disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 5, 3141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harkness, A. R., & Lilienfeld, S. O. (1997). Individual differences science for treatment planning: Personality traits. Psychological Assessment, 9, 349360.Google Scholar
Hopwood, C. J. (2018). Interpersonal dynamics in personality and personality disorders. European Journal of Personality, 32, 499524.Google Scholar
Kendler, K. S., Myers, J., & Reichborn‐Kjennerud, T. (2011). Borderline personality disorder traits and their relationship with dimensions of normative personality: A web‐based cohort and twin studyActa Psychiatrica Scandinavica123, 349359.Google Scholar
Lilienfeld, S. O. (2013). Is psychopathy a syndrome? Commentary on Marcus, Fulton, and Edens. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 4, 8586.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lilienfeld, S. O., & Latzman, R. D. (2018). Personality disorders: Current scientific status and ongoing controversies. In Butcher, J. N. & Hooley, J. M. (Eds.), Psychopathology: Understanding, Assessing, and Treating Adult Mental Disorders (pp. 557606). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lilienfeld, S. O., Watts, A. L., Smith, S. F., & Latzman, R. D. (2018). Boldness: Conceptual and methodological issues. In Patrick, C. J. (Ed.), Handbook of Psychopathy (2nd ed., pp. 165188). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. Jr. (1995). Trait explanations in personality psychology. European Journal of Personality, 9, 231252.Google Scholar
McGlashan, T. H., Grilo, C. M., Sanislow, C. A., Ralevski, E., Morey, L. C., Gunderson, J. G., … & Stout, R. L. (2005). Two-year prevalence and stability of individual DSM-IV criteria for schizotypal, borderline, avoidant, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders: Toward a hybrid model of axis II disordersAmerican Journal of Psychiatry162, 883889.Google Scholar
Neria, Y., Solomon, Z., Ginzburg, K., & Dekel, R. (2000). Sensation seeking, wartime performance, and long-term adjustment among Israeli war veteransPersonality and Individual Differences29, 921932.Google Scholar
Ofrat, S., Krueger, R. F., & Clark, L. A. (2018).  Dimensional approaches to classification.  In Livesley, W. J. (Ed.),  Handbook of Personality Disorders (2nd ed., pp. 7287).  New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Patton, C. L., Smith, S. F., & Lilienfeld, S. O. (2018). Psychopathy and heroism in first responders: Traits cut from the same cloth? Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 9, 354368.Google Scholar
Preszler, J., Marcus, D. K., Edens, J. F., & McDermott, B. E. (2018). Network analysis of psychopathy in forensic patientsJournal of Abnormal Psychology, 127, 171182.Google Scholar
Rilling, J. K., Glenn, A. L., Jairam, M. R., Pagnoni, G., Goldsmith, D. R., Elfenbein, H. A., & Lilienfeld, S. O. (2007). Neural correlates of social cooperation and non-cooperation as a function of psychopathy. Biological Psychiatry, 61, 12601271.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Saulsman, L. M., & Page, A. C. (2004). The five-factor model and personality disorder empirical literature: A meta-analytic reviewClinical Psychology Review23, 10551085.Google Scholar
Skinner, B. F. (1974). About Behaviorism. New York: Vintage.Google Scholar
Tellegen, A. (1993). Folk concepts and psychological concepts of personality and personality disorder. Psychological Inquiry, 4, 122130.Google Scholar
Verschuere, B., van Ghesel Grothe, S., Waldorp, L., Watts, A. L., Lilienfeld, S. O., Edens, J. F., … Noordhof, A. (2018). What features of psychopathy might be central? A network analysis of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) in three large samples. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 127, 5165.Google Scholar
Wittgenstein, L. (1958). Philosophical Investigations (3rd ed., trans. Anscombe, G. E. M.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar

References

Clark, L. A. (2007). Assessment and diagnosis of personality disorder: Perennial issues and an emerging reconceptualization. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 227257.Google Scholar
Department of Health. (2009). Borderline Personality Disorder: Recognition and Management. NICE Clinical Guideline [CG78]. London: Department of Health.Google Scholar
Herpertz, S. C., Huprich, S. K., Bohus, M., Chanen, A., Goodman, M., Mehlum, L., … Sharp, C. (2017). The challenge of transforming the diagnostic system of personality disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 31, 577589.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hopwood, C. J., Kotov, R., Krueger, R. F., Watson, D., Widiger, T. A., Althoff, R. R.Zimmermann, J. (2018). The time has come for dimensional personality disorder diagnosis. Personality and Mental Health, 12, 8286.Google Scholar
Krueger, R. F., Derringer, J., Markon, K. E., Watson, D., & Skodol, A. E. (2012). Initial construction of a maladaptive personality trait model and inventory for DSM-5. Psychological Medicine, 42, 18791890.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tyrer, P. (2018). Dimensions fit the data, but can the clinicians fit the dimensions? World Psychiatry, 7, 295296.Google Scholar
Tyrer, P., Crawford, M., Mulder, R., Blashfield, R., Farnam, A., Fossati, A., … Reed, G. M. (2011). The rationale for the reclassification of personality disorder in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). Personality and Mental Health, 5, 246259.Google Scholar
Tyrer, P., Reed, G. M., & Crawford, M. J. (2015). Classification, assessment, prevalence and effect of personality disorder. Lancet, 385, 717726.Google Scholar
Verheul, R., Bartak, A., & Widiger, T. (2007). Prevalence and construct validity of Personality Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PDNOS). Journal of Personality Disorders, 21, 359370.Google Scholar
Widiger, T. A. (2007). Dimensional models of personality disorder. World Psychiatry, 6, 7983.Google Scholar
Widiger, T. A., Livesley, W. J., & Clark, L. A. (2009). An integrative dimensional classification of personality disorder. Psychological Assessment, 21, 243255.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
World Health Organization. (2018). International Classification of Diseases (11th revision, ICD-11). Geneva: World Health Organization. www.who.int/classifications/icd/Google Scholar

References

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar
Cuthbert, B. N., & Insel, T. R. (2013). Toward the future of psychiatric diagnosis: The seven pillars of RDoC. BMC Medicine, 11, 126.Google Scholar
Herpertz, S. C., Huprich, S. K., Bohus, M., Chanen, A., Goodman, M., Mehlum, L., … Sharp, C. (2017). The challenge of transforming the diagnostic system of personality disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 31, 577589.Google Scholar
Paris, J. (2012). The Bipolar Spectrum: Diagnosis or Fad? New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Regier, D. A., Narrow, W. E., Clarke, D., Kraemer, H. C., Kuramoto, S. J., Kuhl, E. A., & Kupfer, D. J. (2013). DSM-5 field trials in the United States and Canada, Part II: Test-retest reliability of selected categorical diagnoses. American Journal of Psychiatry, 170, 159170.Google Scholar

References

Abel, K., Jolley, S., Hemsley, D., & Geyer, M. (2004). The influence of schizotypy traits on prepulse inhibition in young healthy controls. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 18, 181188.Google Scholar
Aboraya, A., France, C., Young, J., Curci, K., & Lepage, J. (2005). The validity of the psychiatric diagnosis revisited. Psychiatry, 2, 4855.Google ScholarPubMed
Abraham, K. (1927). Selected Papers of Karl Abraham. London: Hogarth Press.Google Scholar
Akhtar, S. (1992). Broken Structures: Severe Personality Disorders and Their Treatment. New York: Aronson.Google Scholar
Baskin-Sommers, A., Kruzermark, E., & Ronningstam, E. F. (2014). Empathy in narcissistic personality disorder: From clinical and empirical perspectives. Personality Disorders, 5, 323333.Google Scholar
Beck, A. T., Freeman, A., Davis, D. D., & Associates (2006). Cognitive Therapy of Personality Disorders (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Bernstein, D. P., Iscan, C., Maser, J., & Board of Directors of the Association for Research of Personality Disorders, International Society for Study of Personality Disorders (2007). Opinions of personality disorder experts regarding the DSM-IV personality disorders classification system. Journal of Personality Disorders, 21, 536551.Google Scholar
Bertsch, K., Schmidingerm, I., Neuman, I. D., & Herpertz, S. C. (2013). Reduced plasma cortisol levels in female patients with borderline personality disorder. Hormones and Behavior, 63, 424429.Google Scholar
Black, D. W. (2015). The natural history of antisocial personality disorder. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 60, 309314.Google Scholar
Bodner, E., & Mikulincer, M. (1998). Learned helplessness and occurrence of depressive-like and paranoid-like responses: The role of attentional focus. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 10191023.Google Scholar
Bornstein, R. F. (1993). The Dependent Personality. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Bornstein, R. F. (1998). Reconceptualizing personality disorder diagnosis in the DSM-V: The discriminant validity challenge. Clinical Psychology, 5, 333343.Google Scholar
Bornstein, R. F., Ng, H. M., Gallagher, H. R., Kloss, D. M., & Regier, N. G. (2005). Contrasting effects of self-schema priming on lexical decisions and interpersonal Stroop task performance: Evidence for a cognitive/interactionist model of interpersonal dependency. Journal of Personality, 73, 731761.Google Scholar
Chanen, A. M., Jackson, H. J., McGorry, P. D., Allot, K. A., Clarkson, V., & Yuen, H. P. (2004). Two-year stability of personality disorders in older adolescent outpatients. Journal of Personality Disorders, 18, 526541.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chemerinski, E., Triebwasser, J., Roussos, P., & Siever, L. J. (2013). Schizotypal personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 27, 652679.Google Scholar
Chen, H., Cohen, P., Crawford, T. N., Kasen, S., & Johnson, J. G. (2006). Relative impact of young adult personality disorders on subsequent quality of life: Findings of a community-based longitudinal study. Journal of Personality Disorders, 20, 510523.Google Scholar
Cloninger, C. R., Svrakic, D. M., & Przybeck, T. R. (1993). A psychobiological model of temperament and character. Archives of General Psychiatry, 50, 975990.Google Scholar
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1985). The NEO Personality Inventory Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.Google Scholar
Costa, P. T., & Widiger, T. (Eds.) (1993). Personality Disorders and the Five-Factor Model of Personality. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Crawford, T. N., Cohen, P., First, M. B., Skodol, A. E., Johnson, J. G., & Kasen, S. (2008). Comorbid Axis I and Axis II disorders in early adolescence: Outcomes 20 years later. Archives of General Psychiatry, 65, 641648.Google Scholar
Crego, C., Sleep, C. E., & Widiger, T. A. (2016). Clinicians’ judgments of the clinical utility of personality disorder trait descriptions. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 204, 4956.Google Scholar
Croft, R., Lee, A., Bertolot, J., & Gruzelier, J. (2001). Association of P50 suppression and desensitization with perceptual and cognitive features of “unreality” in schizotypy. Biological Psychiatry, 50, 441446.Google Scholar
Diedrich, A., & Voderholzer, U. (2015). Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder: A current review. Current Psychiatry Reports, 17, 110.Google Scholar
Edens, J. F., Marcus, D. K., & Morey, L. C. (2009). Paranoid personality has a dimensional latent structure: Taxometric analyses of community and clinical samples. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118, 545553.Google Scholar
Edens, J. F., Marcus, D. K., & Ruiz, M. A. (2008). Taxometric analyses of borderline personality features in a large-scale male and female offender sample. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 117, 705711.Google Scholar
Everett, K. V., & Linscott, R. J. (2015). Dimensionality vs. taxonicity of schizotypy: Some new data and challenges ahead. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 41(Suppl. 2), S465S474.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fairbairn, W. R. D. (1952). Psychoanalytic Studies of Personality. London: Tavistock.Google Scholar
Fenton, W., & McGlashan, T. (1989). Risk of schizophrenia in character disorder patients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 146, 12801284.Google Scholar
Ferenczi, S. (1938). Thalassa: A Theory of Genitality. New York: Norton.Google Scholar
Ficks, C. A., & Waldman, I. D. (2014). Candidate genes for aggression and antisocial behavior: A meta-analysis of association studies of the 5HTTLPR and MAOA-uVNTR. Behavioral Genetics, 44, 427444.Google Scholar
First, M. B., Pincus, H. A., Levine, J. B., Williams, J. B. W., Ustun, B., & Peele, R. (2004). Clinical utility as a criterion for revisiting psychiatric diagnoses. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 946954.Google Scholar
Freud, S. (1908). Character and anal erotism. In Collected Papers (Vol. 2). London: Hogarth Press.Google Scholar
Gjerde, L. C., Czajkowski, N., Røysamb, E., Ørstavik, R. E., Knudsen, G. P., Østby, K., … Reichborn-Kjennerud, T. (2012). The heritability of avoidant and dependent personality disorder assessed by personal interview and questionnaire. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 126, 448457.Google Scholar
Grant, B. F., Chou, S. P., Goldstein, R. B., Huang, B., Stinson, F. S., Saha, T. D., … Ruan, W. J. (2008). Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV borderline personality disorder: Results from the wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 69, 533545.Google Scholar
Grant, B. F., Hasin, D. S., Stinson, F. S., Dawson, D. A., Chou, S. P., Ruan, W. J., & Pickering, R. P. (2004). Prevalence, correlates, and disability of personality disorders in the United States: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Disorders. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 65, 948958.Google Scholar
Grant, B. F., Moore, T. C., Shepard, J., & Kaplan, K. (2003). Source and Accuracy Statement: Wave 1 National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.Google Scholar
Gunderson, J. G. (1984). Borderline Personality Disorder. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.Google Scholar
Gunderson, J. G. (1992). Diagnostic controversies. In Tasman, A. & Riba, M. B. (Eds.), American Psychiatric Press Review of Psychiatry (Vol. 11, pp. 924). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.Google Scholar
Gunderson, J. G., Herpertz, S., Skodol, A. E., Torgersen, S., & Zanarini, M. C. (2017). Borderline personality disorder. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 4, 120.Google Scholar
Gunderson, J. G., & Ronningstam, E. F. (2001). Differentiating antisocial and narcissistic personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 15, 103109.Google Scholar
Gunderson, J. G., Stout, R. L., McGlashan, T. H., Shea, M. T., Morey, L. C., Grilo, C. M., … Skodol, A. E. (2011). Ten-year course of borderline personality disorder: Psychopathology and function from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 68, 827837.Google Scholar
Gunderson, J. G., Weinberg, I., & Choi-Kain, L. (2013). Borderline personality disorder. In Gabbard, G. O. (Ed.), Gabbard’s Treatments of Psychiatric Disorders (DSM-5 ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar
Guntrip, H. (1968). Schizoid Phenomena, Object Relations, and the Self. London: Karnac.Google Scholar
Hirt, E. (1902). Die temperamente. Leipzig: Barth.Google Scholar
Holt, R. R. (1970). Yet another look at clinical and statistical prediction: Or, is clinical psychology worthwhile? American Psychologist, 25, 337349.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hong, J. P., Samuels, J., Bienvenu, O. J., Hsu, F. C., Eaton, W. W., & Costa, P. T. Jr. (2005). The longitudinal relationship between personality disorder dimensions and global functioning in a community-residing population. Psychological Medicine, 35, 891895.Google Scholar
Horney, K. (1937). The Neurotic Personality of Our Time. New York: Norton.Google Scholar
Horwitz, M. J. & Lerner, U. (2010). Treatment of histrionic personality disorder. In Clarkin, J. F., Fonagy, P., & Gabbard, G. (Eds.), Psychodynamic Psychotherapy for Personality Disorders (pp. 289310). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar
Johnson, J. G., First, M. B., Cohen, P., Skodol, A. E., Kasen, S., & Brook, J. S. (2005). Adverse outcomes associated with personality disorders not otherwise specified in a community sample. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 19261932.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kernberg, O. F. (1975). Borderline Conditions and Pathological Narcissism. New York: Jason Aronson.Google Scholar
Kessler, R. C., McGonagle, K. A., Zhao, S., Nelson, C. B., Hughes, M., Eshleman, S., … Kendler, K. S. (1994). Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 51, 819.Google Scholar
Klein, M. H. (1948). Contributions to Psychoanalysis, 1921–1945. London: Hogarth Press.Google Scholar
Koenigsberg, H. W., Denny, B. T., Fan, J., Liu, X., Guerreri, S., Mayson, S. J., … Siever, L. J. (2014). The neural correlates of anomalous habituation to negative emotional pictures in borderline and avoidant personality disorder patients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 171, 8290.Google Scholar
Kohut, H. (1971). The Analysis of the Self. New York: International Universities Press.Google Scholar
Kraepelin, E. (1919). Dementia Praecox and Paraphrenia. Edinburgh: Livingstone.Google Scholar
Kretchmer, E. (1925). Korperbau und character. Berlin: Springer Verlag.Google Scholar
Lenzenweger, M. F., Lane, M. C., Loranger, A. W., & Kessler, R. C. (2007). DSM-IV personality disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. British Journal of Psychiatry, 62, 533564.Google Scholar
Lilienfield, S. O., Waldman, I. D., & Israel, A. C. (1994). A critical examination of the issue of the term “comorbidity” in psychopathology research. Clinical Psychology, 1, 7183.Google Scholar
Links, P. S. (1993). Psychiatric rehabilitation model for borderline personality disorder. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 38(Suppl. 1), S35S38.Google Scholar
Liu, H., Liao, J., Jiang, W., & Wang, W. (2014). Changes in low-frequency fluctuations in patients with antisocial personality disorder revealed by resting-state functional MRI. PLoS ONE, 9, e89790.Google Scholar
Livesley, W. J., West, M., & Tanney, A. (1986). Historical comment on DSM-III schizoid and avoidant personality disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 142, 13441346.Google Scholar
Ma, G., Fan, H., Shen, C., & Wang, W. (2016). Genetic and neuroimaging features of personality disorders: State of the art. Neuroscience Bulletin, 32, 286306.Google Scholar
Martín-Blanco, A., Ferrer, M., Soler, J., Arranz, M. J., Vega, D., Calvo, N., … Pascual, J. C. (2015). The role of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal genes and childhood trauma in borderline personality disorder. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 266, 307316.Google Scholar
McGlashan, T. H., Grilo, C. M., Sanislow, C. A., Ralevski, E., Morey, L. C., Gunderson, J. G., … Pagano, M. (2005). Two-year prevalence and stability of individual DSM-IV criteria for schizotypal, borderline, avoidant, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders: Toward a hybrid model of Axis II disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 883889.Google Scholar
Meloy, J. R., & Yakeley, J. (2010). Psychodynamic treatment of antisocial personality disorder. In Clarkin, J. F., Fonagy, P., & Gabbard, G. (Eds.), Psychodynamic Psychotherapy for Personality Disorders (pp. 311336). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar
Minzenberg, M., Xu, K., & Mitrolopou, V. (2006). Catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met genotype variation is associated with prefrontal-dependent task performance in schizotypal personality disorder patients and comparison groups. Psychiatric Genetics, 16, 117124.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morey, L. C., Benson, K. T., Busch, A. J., & Skodol, A. E. (2015). Personality disorders in DSM-5: Emerging research on the alternative model. Current Psychiatric Reports, 17, 19.Google Scholar
Morey, L. C., Hopwood, C. J., Gunderson, J. G., Shea, M. T., Skodol, A. E., Grilo, C. M., … McGlashan, T. H. (2007). A comparison of personality disorder models. Psychological Medicine, 37, 983994.Google Scholar
Morey, L. C., Hopwood, C. J., Markowitz, J. C., Gunderson, J. G., Grilo, C. M., McGlashan, T. H., … Skodol, A. E. (2012). Comparisons of alternative models of personality disorders, II: 6-, 8-, and 10-year follow-up. Psychological Medicine, 42, 17051713.Google Scholar
Morey, L. C., & Skodol, A. E. (2013). Convergence between DSM-IV-TR and DSM-V diagnostic models for personality disorders: Evaluation of strategies for establishing diagnostic thresholds. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 19, 179193.Google Scholar
Morey, L. C., Skodol, A. E., & Oldham, J. M. (2014). Clinician judgment of clinical utility: A comparison of DSM-IV-TR personality disorders and the alternative model for DSM-V personality disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 123, 398405.Google Scholar
Nestadt, G., Samuels, J. F., Bienvenu, O. J., Reti, I. M., Costa, P., Eaton, W. W., & Bandeen-Roche, K. (2010). The stability of the DSM personality disorders over ten to eighteen years. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 44, 17.Google Scholar
Oldham, J. M., Skodol, A. E., Kellman, H. D., Hyler, S. E., Rosnick, L., & Davies, M. (1992). Diagnosis of DSM-III-R personality disorders by two structured interviews: Patterns of comorbidity. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 213220.Google Scholar
Penner-Goeke, K., Henrikson, C. A., Chateau, D., Latimer, E., Sareen, J., & Katz, L. Y. (2015). Reduction in quality of life associated with common mental disorders: Results from a national representative sample. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 76, 15061512.Google Scholar
Plakun, E. M. (1990). Narcissistic personality disorder: A validity study and comparison to borderline personality disorder. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 12, 603620.Google Scholar
Pokorny, A. D. (1983). Prediction of suicide in psychiatric patients: Report of a prospective study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 40, 249257.Google Scholar
Pulay, A. J., Stinson, F. S., Dawson, D. A., Goldstein, R. B., Chou, S. P., Huang, B., … Grant, B. F. (2009). Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV schizotypal personality disorder: Results from the wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions. Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 11, 5367.Google Scholar
Rappaport, D. (1961). The Collected Papers of David Rappaport. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Reich, W. (1933). Character Analysis. New York: Farrar & Rinehart.Google Scholar
Robins, E., & Guze, S. B. (1970). Establishment of diagnostic validity in psychiatric illness: Its application to schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 126, 983987.Google Scholar
Ronningstam, E. (2011). Narcissistic personality disorder in DSM-V: In support of retaining a significant diagnosis. Journal of Personality Disorders, 25, 248259.Google Scholar
Ronningstam, E. F. (2013). The update on narcissistic personality disorder. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 26, 102106.Google Scholar
Ronningstam, E. F., Gunderson, J. G., & Lyons, M. (1995). Changes in pathological narcissism. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 253257.Google Scholar
Rothschild, L., Cleland, C., Haslam, N., & Zimmerman, M. (2003). A taxometric study of borderline personality disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 112, 657666.Google Scholar
Rubovzki, G., Gunderson, J. G., & Weinberg, I. (2006). Patients’ acceptance and emotional reactions to disclosure of borderline personality disorder diagnosis. Paper presented at the APA Conference, Toronto, Canada.Google Scholar
Salekin, R. T. (2002). Psychopathy and therapeutic pessimism: Clinical lore or clinical reality? Clinical Psychology Review, 22, 79112.Google Scholar
Sanislow, C. A., Grilo, C. M., Morey, L. C., Bender, D. S., Skodol, A. E., Gunderson, J. G., … McGlashan, T. H. (2002). Confirmatory factor analysis of DSM-IV criteria for borderline personality disorder: Findings from the collaborative longitudinal personality disorders study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 284290.Google Scholar
Schneider, K. (1923). Psychopathic Personalities (9th ed.). London: Cassell.Google Scholar
Schulze, L., Dziobek, I., Vater, A., Heekeren, H. R., Bajbouj, M., Renneberg, B., … Roepke, S. (2013). Grey matter abnormalities in patients with narcissistic personality disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 47, 13631369.Google Scholar
Siever, L., Amin, F., Coccaro, E., Trestman, R. Silverman, J., & Hovath, T. (1996). Schizotypal personality disorder. In Widiger, T., Frances, A., & Pincus, H. (Eds.). DSM-IV Sourcebook (vol. 2, pp. 685701). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
Siever, L. J., Coursey, R. D., Alterman, I. S., Zahn, T., Brody, L., Bernad, P., … Murphy, D. L. (1989). Clinical, psychophysiological, and neurological characteristics of volunteers with impaired smooth pursuit eye movements. Biological Psychiatry, 26, 3551.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Siever, L. J., & Davis, K. L. (1991). A psychobiological perspective on the personality disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 16471658.,Google Scholar
Skodol, A. E. (2018). Impact of personality pathology on psychosocial functioning. Current Opinion in Psychology, 21, 3338.Google Scholar
Skodol, A. E., Bender, D. S., Gunderson, J. G., & Oldham, J. M. (2014). Personality disorders. In Hales, R. E., Yudofsky, S. C., & Roberts, L. (Eds.), American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Psychiatry (6th ed., pp. 851894). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar
Skodol, A. E., Gunderson, J. G., McGlashan, T. H., Dyck, I. R., Stout, R. L., Bender, D. S., … Oldham, J. M. (2002). Functional impairment in patients with schizotypal, borderline, avoidant, or obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 276283.Google Scholar
Skodol, A. E., Johnson, J. G., Cohen, P., Sneed, J. R., & Crawford, T. N. (2007). Personality disorder and impaired functioning from adolescence to adulthood. British Journal of Psychiatry, 190, 415420.Google Scholar
Skodol, A. E., Oldham, J. E., Bender, D. S, Dyck, I. R., Stout, R. L., Morey, L. C., … Gunderson, J. G. (2005). Dimensional representations of DSM-IV personality disorders: Relationship to functional impairment. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 19191925.Google Scholar
Spitzer, R. L., Endicott, J., & Gibbons, M. (1979). Crossing the border into the borderline personality and borderline schizophrenia: The development of criteria. Archives of General Psychiatry, 36, 1724.Google Scholar
Stefanis, N. C., Trikalinos, T. A., Avramopoulos, D., Smyrnis, N., Evdokimidis, I., Ntzani, E. E., … Stefanis, C. N. (2007). Impact of schizophrenia candidate genes on schizotypy and cognitive endophenotypes at the population level. Biological Psychiatry, 62, 784792.Google Scholar
Stinson, F. S., Dawson, D. A., Goldstein, R. B., Chou, S. P., Huang, B., Smith, S. M., … Grant, B. F. (2008). Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV narcissistic personality disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 69, 10331045.Google Scholar
Stone, M. (1980). The Borderline Syndromes. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Stone, M. H. (2013). Paranoid, schizotypal, and schizoid personality disorders. In Gabbard, G. O. (Ed.), Gabbard’s Treatments of Psychiatric Disorders (DSM-5 ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar
Svartberg, M., & McCullough, L. (2010). Cluster C personality disorders: Prevalence, phenomenology, treatment effects, and principles of treatment. In Clarkin, J. F., Fonagy, P., & Gabbard, G. (Eds.), Psychodynamic Psychotherapy for Personality Disorders (pp. 337368). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar
Torgersen, S., Lygren, S., Oien, P. A., Skre, I., Onstad, S., Edvardsen, J., … Kringlen, E. (2000). A twin study of personality disorders. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 41, 416425.Google Scholar
Torgersen, S., Myers, J., Reichborn-Kjennerud, T., Roysamb, E., Kubarych, T. S., & Kendler, K. S. (2012). The heritability of Cluster B personality disorder assessed both by personal interview and questionnaire. Journal of Personality Disorders, 26, 848866.Google Scholar
Trestman, R. L., Horvath, T., Kalus, O., Peterson, A. E., Coccaro, E., Mitropoulou, V., … Siever, L. J. (1996). Event-related potentials in schizotypal personality disorder. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 8, 3340.Google Scholar
Triebwasser, J., Chemerinski, E., Roussos, P., & Siever, L.J. (2013). Paranoid personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 27, 795805.Google Scholar
Trull, T. J., Jahng, S., Tomko, R. L., Wood, P. K. & Sher, K. J. (2010). Revised NESARC personality disorder diagnoses: Gender, prevalence, and comorbidity with substance use disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 24, 412426.Google Scholar
Verheul, R., & Widiger, T. A. (2004). A meta-analysis of the prevalence and usage of the personality disorder not otherwise specified (PDNOS) diagnosis. Journal of Personality Disorders, 18, 309319.Google Scholar
Weinbrecht, A., Schulze, L., Boetther, J., & Renneberg, B. (2013). Avoidant personality disorder. Current Psychiatric Reports, 18, 18.Google Scholar
Westen, D., & Arkowitz-Westen, L. (1998). Limitations of Axis II in diagnosing personality pathology in clinical practice. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 17671771.Google Scholar
Widiger, T. A., & Mullins-Sweatt, S. N. (2005). Categorical and dimensional models of personality disorders. In Oldham, J. M., Skodol, A. E., & Bender, D. S. (Eds.), The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Personality Disorders (pp. 3553) Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar
Widiger, T. A., & Sanderson, C. J. (1995). Towards a dimensional model of personality disorders in DSM-IV and DSM-V. In Livesley, W. J. (Ed.), The DSM-IV Personality Disorders (pp. 380394). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Wilberg, T., Hummelen, B., Pedersen, G., & Karterud, S. (2008). A study of patients with personality disorder not otherwise specified. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 49, 460468.Google Scholar
Williams, P. (2010). Psychotherapeutic treatment of Cluster A personality disorders. In Clarkin, J. F., Fonagy, P., & Gabbard, G. (Eds.), Psychodynamic Psychotherapy for Personality Disorders (pp. 165186). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar
Winnicott, D. W. (1965). The Maturational Process and the Facilitating Environment. New York: International Universities Press.Google Scholar
Yang, Y., & Raine, A. (2009). Prefrontal structural and functional brain imaging findings in antisocial, violent, and psychopathic individuals: A meta-analysis. Psychiatric Research, 17, 8188.Google Scholar
Young, J. E., Klosko, J. S., & Weishaar, M. E. (1993). Schema Therapy: A Practitioner’s Guide. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Zanarini, M. C., & Frankenburg, F. R. (2008). A preliminary, randomized trial of psychoeducation for women with borderline personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 22, 284290.Google Scholar
Zanarini, M. C., Frankenburg, F. R., Hennen, J. J., Reich, D. B., & Silk, K. R. (2005). Psychosocial functioning of borderline patients and Axis II comparison subjects followed prospectively for six years. Journal of Personality Disorders, 19, 1929.Google Scholar
Zanarini, M. C., Frankenburg, F. R., Reich, D. B., & Fitzmaurice, G. (2010). The 10-year course of psychosocial functioning among patients with borderline personality disorder and Axis II comparison subjects. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 122, 103109.Google Scholar
Zanarini, M. C., Frankenburg, F. R., & Vujanovic, A. A. (2002). Inter-rater and test-retest reliability of the diagnostic interview for borderlines. Journal of Personality Disorders, 16, 270276.Google Scholar
Zanarini, M. C., Skodol, A. E., Bender, D. S., Dolan, R., Sanislow, C. A., Schaefer, E., … Gunderson, J. G. (2000). The Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study: Reliability of Axis I and II diagnoses. Journal of Personality Disorders, 14, 291299.Google Scholar
Zimbardo, P. G., Andersen, S. M., & Kabat, L. G. (1981). Induced hearing deficit generates experimental paranoia. Science, 212, 15291531.Google Scholar

References

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar
Blashfield, R. K., & Draguns, J. G. (1976). Toward a taxonomy of psychopathology: The purpose of psychiatric classification. British Journal of Psychiatry, 129(6), 574583.Google Scholar
Dawes, R. M., Faust, D., & Meehl, P. E. (1989). Clinical versus actuarial judgment. Science, 243(4899), 16681674.Google Scholar
Eaton, N. R., Krueger, R. F., Keyes, K. M., Wall, M., Hasin, D. S., Markon, K. E., … Grant, B. F. (2013). The structure and predictive validity of the internalizing disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 122(1), 8692.Google Scholar
Faust, D. (2012). Decision research can increase the accuracy of clinical judgment and thereby improve patient care. In Lilienfeld, S. O. & O’Donohue, W. T. (Eds.), The Great Ideas of Clinical Science (pp. 4976). New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Hallquist, M. N., & Dombrovski, A. Y. (2019). Selective maintenance of value information helps resolve the exploration/exploitation dilemma. Cognition, 183, 226243.Google Scholar
Hertwig, R., & Grüne-Yanoff, T. (2017). Nudging and boosting: Steering or empowering good decisions. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 12(6), 973986.Google Scholar
Hyman, S. E. (2010). The diagnosis of mental disorders: The problem of reification. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 6, 155179.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Insel, T., Cuthbert, B., Garvey, M., Heinssen, R., Pine, D. S., Quinn, K., … Wang, P. (2010). Research Domain Criteria (RDoC): Toward a new classification framework for research on mental disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 167(7), 748751.Google Scholar
Kotov, R., Krueger, R. F., Watson, D., Achenbach, T. M., Althoff, R. R., Bagby, R. M., … Zimmerman, M. (2017). The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): A dimensional alternative to traditional nosologies. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 126(4), 454477.Google Scholar
Krueger, R. F., Derringer, J., Markon, K. E., Watson, D., & Skodol, A. E. (2012). Initial construction of a maladaptive personality trait model and inventory for DSM-5. Psychological Medicine, 42(9), 18791890.Google Scholar
Krueger, R. F., Kotov, R., Watson, D., Forbes, M. K., Eaton, N. R., Ruggero, C. J., … Zimmermann, J. (2018). Progress in achieving quantitative classification of psychopathology. World Psychiatry, 17(3), 282293.Google Scholar
Ma, W. J., Husain, M., & Bays, P. M. (2014). Changing concepts of working memory. Nature Neuroscience, 17(3), 347356.Google Scholar
Markon, K. E. (2013). Epistemological pluralism and scientific development: An argument against authoritative nosologies. Journal of Personality Disorders, 27(5), 554579.Google Scholar
Markon, K. E., & Krueger, R. F. (2006). Information-theoretic latent distribution modeling: Distinguishing discrete and continuous latent variable models. Psychological Methods, 11(3), 228243.Google Scholar
Meehl, P. E., & Rosen, A. (1955). Antecedent probability and the efficiency of psychometric signs, patterns, or cutting scores. Psychological Bulletin, 52(3), 194216.Google Scholar
Ruggero, C. J., Zimmerman, M., Chelminski, I., & Young, D. (2010). Borderline personality disorder and the misdiagnosis of bipolar disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 44(6), 405408.Google Scholar
Simms, L. J., & Clark, L. A. (2006). The Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality (SNAP): A dimensional measure of traits relevant to personality and personality pathology. In Strack, S. (Ed.), Differentiating Normal and Abnormal Personality (2nd ed., pp. 431450). New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Science, 185(4157), 11241131.Google Scholar
Widiger, T. A., & Trull, T. J. (2007). Plate tectonics in the classification of personality disorder: Shifting to a dimensional model. American Psychologist, 62(2), 7183.Google Scholar
Zachar, P., Turkheimer, E., & Shaffner, K. (in press). Defining and redefining phenotypes: Operational definitions as open concepts. In Wright, A. G. C. & Hallquist, M. N. (Eds.), Handbook of Research Methods in Clinical Psychology. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

References

Achenbach, T. M. (1966). The classification of children’s psychiatric symptoms: A factor-analytic studyPsychological Monographs: General and Applied80, 137.Google Scholar
Conway, C. C., Forbes, M. K., Forbush, K. T., Fried, E. I., Hallquist, M. N., Kotov, R., … Eaton, N. R. (2019). A hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology can transform mental health research. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 14, 419436.Google Scholar
Eaton, N. R., Krueger, R. F., Keyes, K. M., Skodol, A. E., Markon, K. E., Grant, B. F., & Hasin, D. S. (2011). Borderline personality disorder co-morbidity: Relationship to the internalizing–externalizing structure of common mental disordersPsychological Medicine41, 10411050.Google Scholar
Hopwood, C. J., Kotov, R., Krueger, R. F., Watson, D., Widiger, T. A., Althoff, R. R., … Bornovalova, M. A. (2018). The time has come for dimensional personality disorder diagnosis. Personality and Mental Health, 12, 8286.Google Scholar
Hopwood, C. J., Malone, J. C., Ansell, E. B., Sanislow, C. A., Grilo, C. M., McGlashan, T. H., … Gunderson, J. G. (2011). Personality assessment in DSM-5: Empirical support for rating severity, style, and traits. Journal of Personality Disorders, 25, 305320.Google Scholar
Keyes, K. M., Eaton, N. R., Krueger, R. F., McLaughlin, K. A., Wall, M. M., Grant, B. F., & Hasin, D. S. (2012). Childhood maltreatment and the structure of common psychiatric disorders. British Journal of Psychiatry, 200, 107115.Google Scholar
Kotov, R., Krueger, R. F., Watson, D., Achenbach, T. M., Althoff, R. R., Bagby, R. M., … Zimmerman, M. (2017). The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): A dimensional alternative to traditional nosologies. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 126, 454477.Google Scholar
Krueger, R. F., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., & Silva, P. A. (1998). The structure and stability of common mental disorders (DSM-III-R): A longitudinal-epidemiological study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 107, 216227.Google Scholar
Krueger, R. F., Kotov, R., Watson, D., Forbes, M. K., Eaton, N. R., Ruggero, C. J., … Zimmermann, J. (2018). Progress in achieving quantitative classification of psychopathology. World Psychiatry, 17, 282293.Google Scholar
Markon, K. E. (2010). Modeling psychopathology structure: A symptom-level analysis of Axis I and II disordersPsychological Medicine40, 273288.Google Scholar
Robins, E., & Guze, S. B. (1970). Establishment of diagnostic validity in psychiatric illness: Its application to schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 126, 983987.Google Scholar
Sharp, C., Wright, A. G., Fowler, J. C., Frueh, B. C., Allen, J. G., Oldham, J., & Clark, L. A. (2015). The structure of personality pathology: Both general (‘g’) and specific (‘s’) factors? Journal of Abnormal Psychology124, 387398.Google Scholar

References

Caligor, E., Kernberg, O. F., Clarkin, J. F., & Yeomans, F. E. (2018). Psychodynamic Therapy for Personality Pathology: Treating Self and Interpersonal Functioning. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar
Morey, L. C., Hopwood, C. J., Gunderson, J. G., Shea, M. T., Skodol, A. E., Grilo, C. M., … McGlashan, T. H. (2007). A comparison of personality disorder models. Psychological Medicine, 37, 983994.Google Scholar
Morey, L. C., Hopwood, C. J., Markowitz, J. C., Gunderson, J. G., Grilo, C. M., McGlashan, T. H., … Skodol, A. E. (2012). Comparisons of alternative models of personality disorders, II: 6-, 8-, and 10-year follow-up. Psychological Medicine, 42, 17051713.Google Scholar
Newton, I. (1988). Opticks: or, a treatise of the reflexions, refractions, inflexions and colours of light. Also two treatises of the species and magnitude of curvilinear figures. Commentary by Nicholas Humez (Octavo, ed.). Palo Alto, CA: Octavo. (Opticks was originally published in 1704.)Google Scholar
Widiger, T. A., & Mullins-Sweatt, S. N. (2005). Categorical and dimensional models of personality disorders. In Oldham, J. M., Skodol, A. E., & Bender, D. S. (Eds.), The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Personality Disorders (pp. 3553) Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar

References

Allik, J., & Realo, A. (2017). Universal and specific in the five factor model. In Widiger, T. A. (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the Five Factor Model (pp. 173190). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (1987). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (revised 3rd ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar
Anderson, J., Snider, S., Sellbom, M., Krueger, R., & Hopwood, C. (2014). A comparison of the DSM-5 Section II and Section III personality disorder structuresPsychiatry Research216, 363372.Google Scholar
Bagby, R. M., Uliaszek, A. A., Gralnick, T. M., & Al-Dajani, N. (2017). Axis I disorders. In Widiger, T. A. (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the Five Factor Model (pp. 479506). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bagby, R. M., & Widiger, T. A. (2018). Five factor model personality disorder scales: An introduction to a special section on assessment of maladaptive variants of the five factor modelPsychological Assessment30, 19.Google Scholar
Blashfield, R. K., & Reynolds, S. M. (2012). An invisible college view of the DSM-5 personality disorder classification. Journal of Personality Disorders, 26, 821829.Google Scholar
Chmielewski, M., Bagby, R. M., Markon, K., Ring, A. J., & Ryder, A. G. (2014). Openness to experience, intellect, schizotypal personality disorder, and psychoticism: Resolving the controversy. Journal of Personality Disorders, 28, 483499.Google Scholar
Clark, L. A. (1993). Manual for the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality (SNAP). Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992a). The five-factor model of personality and its relevance to personality disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 6, 343359.Google Scholar
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992b). Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) Professional Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.Google Scholar
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1995). Primary traits of Eysenck’s P-E-N model: Three- and five-factor solutions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 308317.Google Scholar
Crowe, M. L., Lynam, D. R., & Miller, J. D. (2018). Uncovering the structure of agreeableness from self-report measures. Journal of Personality, 86, 771787.Google Scholar
Decuyper, M., De Pauw, S., De Fruyt, F., De Bolle, M., & De Clercq, B. J. (2009). A meta‐analysis of psychopathy‐, antisocial PD‐ and FFM associations. European Journal of Personality, 23, 531565.Google Scholar
Derefinko, K. J., & Lynam, D. R. (2007). Using the FFM to conceptualize psychopathy: A test using a drug abusing sample. Journal of Personality Disorders, 21, 638656.Google Scholar
Edmundson, M., Lynam, D. R., Miller, J. D., Gore, W. L., & Widiger, T. A. (2011). A five-factor measure of schizotypal personality traits. Assessment, 18, 321334.Google Scholar
Eysenck, S. G., & Eysenck, H. J. (1970). Crime and personality: An empirical study of the three-factor theory. British Journal of Criminology, 10, 225239.Google Scholar
Few, L. R., Miller, J. D., Morse, J. Q., Yaggi, K. E., Reynolds, S. K., & Pilkonis, P. A. (2010). Examining the reliability and validity of clinician ratings on the Five-Factor Model score sheet. Assessment, 17, 440453.Google Scholar
Few, L. R., Miller, J. D., Rothbaum, A., Meller, S., Maples, J., Terry, D., … MacKillop, J. (2013). Examination of the Section III DSM-5 diagnostic system for personality disorders in an outpatient clinical sample. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 22, 10571069.Google Scholar
Frances, A. (1993). Dimensional diagnosis of personality: Not whether, but when and which. Psychological Inquiry, 4, 110111.Google Scholar
Glover, N., Miller, J. D., Lynam, D. R., Crego, C., & Widiger, T. A. (2012). The Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory: A five-factor measure of narcissistic personality traits. Journal of Personality Assessment, 94, 500512.Google Scholar
Goldberg, L. R. (1993). The structure of phenotypic personality traits. American Psychologist, 48, 2634.Google Scholar
Gudonis, L. C., Miller, D. J., Miller, J. D., & Lynam, D. R. (2008). Conceptualizing personality disorders from a general model of personality functioning: Antisocial personality disorder and the five-factor model. Personality and Mental Health, 2, 249264.Google Scholar
Gunderson, J. G. (2010). Revising the borderline diagnosis for DSM-V: An alternative proposal. Journal of Personality Disorders, 24, 694708.Google Scholar
Gunderson, J. G. (2013). Seeking clarity for future revisions of the personality disorders in DSM-5. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 4, 368376.Google Scholar
Hare, R. D. (2003). The Psychopathy Checklist–Revised. Multi-Health Systems, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.Google Scholar
Hopwood, C. J., Thomas, K. M., Markon, K. E., Wright, A. G., & Krueger, R. F. (2012). DSM-5 personality traits and DSM-IV personality disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 121, 424432.Google Scholar
Jarnecke, A. M., & South, S. C. (2017). Behavior and molecular genetics of the five-factor model. In Widiger, T. A. (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the Five Factor Model (pp. 301318). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
John, O. P., Naumann, L. P., & Soto, C. J. (2008). Paradigm shift to the integrative Big Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and conceptual issues. In John, O. P., Robins, R. R., & Pervin, L. A. (Eds.), Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research (3rd. ed., pp. 114158). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Krueger, R. F., Derringer, J., Markon, K., Watson, D., & Skodol, A. (2012). Initial construction of a maladaptive personality trait model and inventory for DSM-5. Psychological Medicine, 42, 18791890.Google Scholar
Lilienfeld, S. O., Watts, A. L., & Smith, S. F. (2012). The DSM revision as a social psychological process: A commentary on Blashfield and Reynolds. Journal of Personality Disorders, 26, 830834.Google Scholar
Livesley, J. (2012). Tradition versus empiricism in the current DSM‐5 proposal for revising the classification of personality disorders. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 22, 8190.Google Scholar
Livesley, W. J., Jackson, D. N., & Schroeder, M. L. (1992). Factorial structure of traits delineating personality disorders in clinical and general population samples. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 101, 432440.Google Scholar
Lowe, J. R., Edmundson, M., & Widiger, T. A. (2009). Assessment of dependency, agreeableness, and their relationshipPsychological Assessment21, 543553.Google Scholar
Lynam, D. R., Gaughan, E. T., Miller, J. D., Miller, D. J., Mullins-Sweatt, S., & Widiger, T. A. (2011). Assessing the basic traits associated with psychopathy: Development and validation of the Elemental Psychopathy Assessment. Psychological Assessment, 23, 108124.Google Scholar
Lynam, D. R., & Widiger, T. A. (2001). Using the five-factor model to represent the DSM-IV personality disorders: An expert consensus approach. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110, 401412.Google Scholar
Lynam, D. R., & Widiger, T. A. (2007). Using a general model of personality to understand sex differences in the personality disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 21, 583602.Google Scholar
Maples, J. L., Carter, N. T., Few, L. R., Crego, C., Gore, W. L., Samuel, D. B., … Miller, J. D. (2015). Testing whether the DSM-5 personality disorder trait model can be measured with a reduced set of items: An item response theory investigation of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5. Psychological Assessment, 27, 11951210.Google Scholar
Mervielde, I., De Clercq, B., De Fruyt, F., & Van Leeuwen, K. (2005). Temperament, personality, and developmental psychopathology as childhood antecedents of personality disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 19, 171201.Google Scholar
Miller, J. D. (2019). Personality disorders as collections of traits. In Samuel, D. B. & Lynam, D. L. (Eds.), Using Basic Personality Research to Inform Personality Pathology (pp. 4069). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Miller, J. D., Bagby, R. M., Pilkonis, P. A., Reynolds, S. K., & Lynam, D. R. (2005). A simplified technique for scoring the DSM-IV personality disorders with the five-factor model. Assessment, 12, 404415.Google Scholar
Miller, J. D., Few, L. R., Lynam, D. R., & MacKillop, J. (2015). Pathological personality traits can capture DSM-IV personality disorder types. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 6, 3240.Google Scholar
Miller, J. D., Few, L. R., & Widiger, T. A. (2012). Assessment of personality disorders and related traits: Bridging DSM-IV-TR and DSM-5. In Widiger, T. A. (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Personality Disorders (pp. 108140). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Miller, J. D., & Lynam, D. R. (2003). Psychopathy and the five factor model of personality: A replication and extension. Journal of Personality Assessment, 81, 168178.Google Scholar
Miller, J. D., & Lynam, D. R. (2008). Dependent personality disorder: Comparing an expert generated and empirically derived five-factor model personality disorder countAssessment15, 415.Google Scholar
Miller, J. D., & Lynam, D. R. (2013). Missed opportunities in the DSM-5 section III personality disorder model. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 4, 365366.Google Scholar
Miller, J., Lynam, D., Widiger, T., & Leukefeld, C. (2001). Personality disorders as extreme variants of common personality dimensions: Can the five factor model adequately represent psychopathy? Journal of Personality, 69, 253276.Google Scholar
Miller, J. D., Maples, J., Pryor, L. R., Morse, J. Q., Yaggi, K., & Pilkonis, P. A. (2010). Using clinician-rated five-factor model data to score the DSM-IV personality disorders. Journal of Personality Assessment, 92, 296305.Google Scholar
Miller, J. D., Morse, J. Q., Nolf, K., Stepp, S. D., & Pilkonis, P. A. (2012). Can DSM-IV borderline personality disorder be diagnosed via dimensional personality traits? Implications for the DSM-5 personality disorder proposal. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 121, 944950.Google Scholar
Miller, J. D., Reynolds, S. K., & Pilkonis, P. A. (2004). The validity of the five-factor model prototypes for personality disorders in two clinical samples. Psychological Assessment, 16, 310322.Google Scholar
Miller, J. D., Sleep, C. E., & Lynam, D. R. (2018). DSM-5 alternative model of personality disorder: Testing the trait perspective captured in criterion B. Current Opinion in Psychology, 21, 5054.Google Scholar
Morey, L. C., Skodol, A. E., & Oldham, J. M. (2014). Clinician judgments of clinical utility: A comparison of DSM-IV-TR personality disorders and the alternative model for DSM-5 personality disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 123, 398405.Google Scholar
Mullins-Sweatt, S. N., Edmundson, M., Sauer-Zavala, S., Lynam, D. R., Miller, J. D., & Widiger, T. A. (2012). Five-factor measure of borderline personality traits. Journal of Personality Assessment, 94, 475487.Google Scholar
Mullins‐Sweatt, S. N., & Lengel, G. J. (2012). Clinical utility of the five‐factor model of personality disorder. Journal of Personality, 80, 16151639.Google Scholar
O’Boyle, E. H., Forsyth, D. R., Banks, G. C., Story, P. A., & White, C. D. (2015). A meta‐analytic test of redundancy and relative importance of the dark triad and five‐factor model of personality. Journal of Personality83, 644664.Google Scholar
O’Connor, B. P. (2017). Robustness. In Widiger, T. A. (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the Five Factor Model (pp. 151172). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ozer, D. J., & Benet-Martinez, V. (2006). Personality and the prediction of consequential outcomes. Annual Review of Psychology, 57, 401421.Google Scholar
Presnall, J. R. (2012). Disorders of personality: Clinical treatment from a five-factor perspective. In Widiger, T. A. & Costa, P. T (Eds.), Personality Disorders and the Five-Factor Model of Personality (3rd ed., pp. 409432). Washington, DC: APA.Google Scholar
Roberts, B. W., & DelVecchio, W. F. (2000). The rank-order consistency of personality traits from childhood to old age: A quantitative review of longitudinal studies. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 325.Google Scholar
Roberts, B. W., Kuncel, N. R., Shiner, R., Caspi, A., & Goldberg, L. R. (2007). The power of personality: The comparative validity of personality traits, socioeconomic status, and cognitive ability for predicting important life outcomes. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2, 313345.Google Scholar
Roberts, B. W., Luo, J., Briley, D. A., Chow, P. I., Su, R., & Hill, P. L. (2017). A systematic review of personality trait change through intervention. Psychological Bulletin, 143, 117141.Google Scholar
Rottman, B., Ahn, W. K., Sanislow, C., & Kim, N. (2009). Can clinicians recognize DSM-IV personality disorders from five-factor model descriptions of patient cases? American Journal of Psychiatry, 166, 427433.Google Scholar
Samuel, D. B., Hopwood, C. J., Krueger, R. F., Thomas, K. M., & Ruggero, C. J. (2013). Comparing methods for scoring personality disorder types using maladaptive traits in DSM-5. Assessment, 20, 353361.Google Scholar
Samuel, D. B., Lynam, D. R., Widiger, T. A., & Ball, S. A. (2012). An expert consensus approach to relating the proposed DSM-5 types and traits. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 3, 116.Google Scholar
Samuel, D. B., Riddell, A. D. B., Lynam, D. R., Miller, J. D., & Widiger, T. A. (2012). A five-factor measure of obsessive-compulsive personality traits. Journal of Personality Assessment, 94, 456465.Google Scholar
Samuel, D. B., & Widiger, T. A. (2004). Clinicians’ personality descriptions of prototypic personality disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 18, 286308.Google Scholar
Samuel, D. B., & Widiger, T. A. (2006). Clinicians’ judgments of clinical utility: A comparison of the DSM-IV and five-factor models. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115, 298308.Google Scholar
Samuel, D. B., & Widiger, T. A. (2008). A meta-analytic review of the relationships between the five-factor model and DSM-IV-TR personality disorders: A facet level analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 28, 13261342.Google Scholar
Saulsman, L. M., & Page, A. C. (2004). The five-factor model and personality disorder empirical literature: A meta-analytic reviewClinical Psychology Review23, 10551085.Google Scholar
Shedler, J., Beck, A., Fonagy, P., Gabbard, G. O., Gunderson, J., Kernberg, O., … Westen, D. (2010). Personality disorders in DSM-5. American Journal of Psychiatry, 167, 10261028.Google Scholar
Simms, L. J., Goldberg, L. R., Roberts, J. E., Watson, D., Welte, J., & Rotterman, J. H. (2011). Computerized adaptive assessment of personality disorder: Introducing the CAT-PD project. Journal of Personality Assessment, 93, 380389.Google Scholar
Spitzer, R. L., First, M. B., Shedler, J., Westen, D., & Skodol, A. E. (2008). Clinical utility of five dimensional systems for personality diagnosis: A “consumer preference” study. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 196, 356374.Google Scholar
Sprock, J. (2003). Dimensional versus categorical classification of prototypic and nonprototypic cases of personality disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 59, 9911014.Google Scholar
Stepp, S., & Trull, T. J. (2007). Predictive validity of the five-factor model prototype scores for antisocial and borderline personality disorders. Personality and Mental Health, 1, 2739.Google Scholar
Trull, T. J., & Widiger, T. A. (1997). Structured Interview for the Five-Factor Model of Personality (SIFFM): Professional Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.Google Scholar
Trull, T. J., Widiger, T. A, Lynam, D. R., & Costa, P. T. (2003). Borderline personality disorder from the perspective of general personality functioning. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 112, 193202.Google Scholar
Warner, M. B., Morey, L. C., Finch, J. F., Gunderson, J. G., Skodol, A. E., Sanislow, C. A., … Grilo, C. M. (2004). The longitudinal relationship of personality traits and disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 113, 217227.Google Scholar
Widiger, T. A. (2013). A postmortem and future look at the personality disorders in DSM-5. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 4, 382387.Google Scholar
Widiger, T. A., & Costa, P. T. (Eds.) (2012). Personality Disorders and the Five-Factor Model of Personality (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: APA.Google Scholar
Widiger, T. A., Gore, W. L, Crego, C., Rojas, S. L., & Oltmanns, J. R. (2017). Five factor model and personality disorder. In Widiger, T. A. (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the Five Factor Model (pp. 449478). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Widiger, T. A., & Lynam, D. R. (1998). Psychopathy and the five-factor model of personality. In Millon, T. & Simonsen, E. (Eds.), Psychopathy: Antisocial, Criminal, and Violent Behavior (pp. 171187). New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Widiger, T. A., Lynam, D. R., Miller, J. D., & Oltmanns, T. F. (2012). Measures to assess maladaptive variants of the five factor model. Journal of Personality Assessment, 94, 450455.Google Scholar
Widiger, T. A., & Trull, T. J. (1992). Personality and psychopathology: An application of the five‐factor model. Journal of Personality, 60, 363393.Google Scholar
Widiger, T. A., Trull, T. J., Clarkin, J. F., Sanderson, C. J., & Costa, P. T. (1994). A description of the DSM-III-R and DSM-IV personality disorders with the five-factor model of personality. In Costa, P. T. Jr. & Widiger, T. A. (Eds.), Personality Disorders and the Five-Factor Model of Personality (pp. 4156). Washington, DC: APA.Google Scholar
Wright, A. G., Hopwood, C. J., & Zanarini, M. C. (2015). Associations between changes in normal personality traits and borderline personality disorder symptoms over 16 years. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment6, 111.Google Scholar
Zimmerman, M., Rothschild, L., & Chelminski, I. (2005). The prevalence of DSM-IV personality disorders in psychiatric outpatients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 19111919.Google Scholar

References

Allan, J., Leeson, P., De Fruyt, F., & Martin, S. (2018). Application of a 10 week coaching program designed to facilitate volitional personality change: Overall effects on personality and the impact of targeting. International Journal of Evidence Based Coaching & Mentoring, 16(1), 8094.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., Text Revision). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar
Bastiaansen, L., De Fruyt, F., Rossi, G., Schotte, C., & Hofmans, J. (2013). Personality disorder dysfunction versus traits: Structural and conceptual issues. Personality Disorders: Theory Research and Treatment, 4(4), 293303.Google Scholar
Bastiaansen, L., Hopwood, C. J., Van den Broeck, J., Rossi, G., Schotte, C., & De Fruyt, F. (2016). The twofold diagnosis of personality disorder: How do personality dysfunction and pathological traits increment each other at successive levels of the trait hierarchy? Personality Disorders: Theory Research and Treatment, 7(3), 280292.Google Scholar
Bastiaansen, L., Rossi, G., & De Fruyt, F. (2013). Comparing five sets of Five-Factor Model personality disorder counts in a heterogeneous sample of psychiatric patients. European Journal of Personality, 27(4), 377388.Google Scholar
Caspi, A., Houts, R. M., Belsky, D. W., Goldman-Mellor, S. J., Harrington, H., Israel, S., … Moffitt, T. E. (2014). The p factor: One general psychopathology factor in the structure of psychiatric disorders. Clinical Psychological Science, 2(2), 119137.Google Scholar
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Revised NEO Personality Inventory and Five-Factor Inventory Professional Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.Google Scholar
Crego, C., Oltmanns, J. R., & Widiger, T. A. (2018). FFMPD scales: Comparisons with the FFM, PID-5, and CAT-PD-SF. Psychological Assessment, 30(1), 6273.Google Scholar
De Clercq, B. (2018). Integrating developmental aspects in current thinking about personality pathology. Current Opinion in Psychology, 21, 6973.Google Scholar
De Fruyt, F., & De Clercq, B. (2014). Antecedents of personality disorder in childhood and adolescence: Toward an integrative developmental model. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 10, 449476.Google Scholar
De Fruyt, F., De Clercq, B., & De Bolle, M. (2017). The Five Factor Model of personality and consequential outcomes in childhood and adolescence. In Widiger, T. A. (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the Five Factor Model (pp. 507520). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Herpertz, S. C., Huprich, S. K., Bohus, M., Chanen, A., Goodman, M., Mehlum, L., … Sharp, C. (2017). The challenge of transforming the diagnostic system of personality disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 31(5), 577589.Google Scholar
Hofmans, J., De Clercq, B., Kuppens, P., Verbeke, L., & Widiger, T. A. (2019). Testing the structure and process of personality using ambulatory assessment data: An overview of within-person and person-specific techniques. Psychological Assessment, 31(4), 432443.Google Scholar
Hopwood, C. J., Kotov, R., Krueger, R. F., Watson, D., Widiger, T. A., Althoff, R. R., … Zimmermann, J. (2018). The time has come for dimensional personality disorder diagnosis. Personality and Mental Health, 12(1), 8286.Google Scholar
Hudson, N. W., & Fraley, R. C. (2015). Volitional personality trait change: Can people choose to change their personality traits? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 109(3), 490507.Google Scholar
Jayawickreme, E., Zachry, C. E., & Fleeson, W. (2019). Whole trait theory: An integrative approach to examining personality structure and process. Personality and Individual Differences, 136, 211.Google Scholar
Kotov, R., Krueger, R. F., & Watson, D. (2018). A paradigm shift in psychiatric classification: The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). World Psychiatry, 17(1), 2425.Google Scholar
Kotov, R., Krueger, R. F., Watson, D., Achenbach, T. M., Althoff, R. R., Bagby, R. M., … Zimmerman, M. (2017). The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): A dimensional alternative to traditional nosologies. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 126(4), 454477.Google Scholar
Krueger, R. F., Derringer, J., Markon, K., Watson, D., & Skodol, A. (2012). Initial construction of a maladaptive personality trait model and inventory for DSM-5. Psychological Medicine, 42, 18791890.Google Scholar
Livesley, W. J., & Jackson, D. N. (2009). Manual for the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology – Basic Questionnaire. Port Huron, MI: Sigma Press.Google Scholar
Riccelli, R., Toschi, N., Nigro, S., Terracciano, A., & Passamonti, L. (2017). Surface-based morphometry reveals the neuroanatomical basis of the five-factor model of personality. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 12(4), 671684.Google Scholar
Roberts, B. W., Luo, J., Briley, D. A., Chow, P. I., Su, R., & Hill, P. L. (2017). A systematic review of personality trait change through intervention. Psychological Bulletin, 143(2), 117122.Google Scholar
Roberts, B. W., Walton, K. E., & Viechtbauer, W. (2006). Patterns of mean-level change in personality traits across the life course: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Psychological Bulletin, 132(1), 125.Google Scholar
Samuel, D. B., & Widiger, T. A. (2008). A meta-analytic review of the relationships between the five-factor model and DSM-IV-TR personality disorders: A facet level analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 28, 13261342.Google Scholar
Skodol, A. (2018). Impact of personality pathology on psychosocial functioning. Current Opinion in Psychology, 21, 3338.Google Scholar
Soto, C. J., John, O. P., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. (2011). Age differences in personality traits from 10 to 65: Big Five domains and facets in a large cross-sectional sample. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100(2), 330348.Google Scholar
Verheul, R., Andrea, H., Berghout, C. C., Dolan, C., Busschbach, J. J. V., Van der Kroft, P. J. A., … Fonagy, P. (2008). Severity indices of personality problems (SIPP-118): Development, factor structure, reliability, and validity. Psychological Assessment, 20(1), 2334.Google Scholar
Vukasovic, T., & Bratko, D. (2015). Heritability of personality: A meta-analysis of behavior genetic studies. Psychological Bulletin, 141(4), 769785.Google Scholar
Widiger, T. A. (2000). Personality disorders in the 21st century. Journal of Personality Disorders, 14(1), 316.Google Scholar
Widiger, T. A., Livesley, W. J., & Clark, L. A. (2009). An integrative dimensional classification of personality disorder. Psychological Assessment, 21(3), 243255.Google Scholar
Widiger, T. A., Sellbom, M., Chmielewski, M., Clark, L. A., DeYoung, C. G., Kotov, R., … Wright, A. G. C. (2019). Personality in a hierarchical model of psychopathology. Clinical Psychological Science, 7(1), 7792.Google Scholar
Widiger, T. A., Trull, T. J., Clarkin, J. F., Sanderson, C., & Costa, P. T. (2002). A description of the DSM-IV personality disorders with the five-factor model of personality. In Costa, P. T. & Widiger, T. A. (Eds.), Personality Disorders and the Five-Factor Model of Personality (2nd ed., pp. 8999). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Wright, A. G. C., Hopwood, C. J., & Simms, L. J. (2015). Daily interpersonal and affective dynamics in personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 29(4), 503525.Google Scholar

References

Al-Dajani, N., Gralnick, T. M., & Bagby, R. M. (2016). A psychometric review of the Personality Inventory for DSM–5 (PID–5): Current status and future directionsJournal of Personality Assessment98, 6281.Google Scholar
American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, & National Council on Measurement in Education. (2014). Standards for Educational and Psychological TestingWashington, DC: American Educational Research Association.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar
AndersonJ. L.SellbomM.AyearstL.QuiltyL. C.ChmielewskiM., & BagbyR. M. (2015). Associations between DSM-5 Section III personality traits and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) scales in a psychiatric patient samplePsychological Assessment27, 801815.Google Scholar
AndersonJ. L.SellbomM.BagbyR. M.QuiltyL. C.VeltriC. O. C.MarkonK. E., & KruegerR. F. (2013). On the convergence between PSY-5 domains and PID-5 domains and facets: Implications for assessment of DSM-5 personality traits. Assessment20286294.Google Scholar
ArdoffB. R.DenneyR. L., & HoustonC. M. (2007). Base rates of negative response bias and malingered neurocognitive dysfunction among criminal defendants referred for neuropsychological evaluationClinical Neuropsychologist21899916.Google Scholar
Ben-PorathY., & TellegenA. (2008/2011). Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form: Manual for Administration, Scoring, and InterpretationMinneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
ClarkL. A.SimmsL. J.WuK. D., & CasillasA. (2007). Manual for the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality–2nd Edition (SNAP-2)South Bend, IN: Author.Google Scholar
CostaP. T. Jr., & McCraeR. R. (1992). Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) Professional ManualOdessa, FLPsychological Assessment Resources.Google Scholar
CostaP. T. Jr., & McCraeR. R. (2010).  NEO Personality Inventory-3 (NEO PI-3) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory-3 (NEO-FFI-3) Professional ManualOdessa, FLPsychological Assessment Resources.Google Scholar
Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 509 U.S. 579, 113 S. Ct. 2786, 125 L. Ed. 2d 469 (1993).Google Scholar
Dhillon, S., Bagby, R. M., Kushner, S. C., & Burchett, D. (2017). The impact of underreporting and overreporting on the validity of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5): A simulation analog design investigationPsychological Assessment29, 473.Google Scholar
First, M. B., Skodol, A. E., Bender, D. S., & Oldham, J. M. (2014). Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (SCID–AMPD)New York: New York State Psychiatric Institute.Google Scholar
Keeley, J. W., Webb, C., Peterson, D., Roussin, L., & Flanagan, E. H. (2016). Development of a response inconsistency scale for the Personality Inventory for DSM–5. Journal of Personality Assessment, 98, 351359.Google Scholar
KruegerR. F.DerringerJ.MarkonK. E.WatsonD., & SkodolA. V. (2012). Initial construction of a maladaptive personality trait model and inventory for DSM-5Psychological Medicine, 4218791890.Google Scholar
Krueger, R. F., & Markon, K. E. (2014). The role of the DSM-5 personality trait model in moving toward a quantitative and empirically based approach to classifying personality and psychopathology. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 10, 477501.Google Scholar
LivesleyW. J., & JacksonD. N. (2009). DAPP–BQ: Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology–Basic QuestionnairePort Huron, MI: Sigma Press.Google Scholar
Lynam, D. R., Gaughan, E. T., Miller, J. D., Miller, D. J., Mullins-Sweatt, S., & Widiger, T. A. (2011). Assessing the basic traits associated with psychopathy: Development and validation of the Elemental Psychopathy AssessmentPsychological Assessment23, 108124.Google Scholar
Markon, K. E., Krueger, R. F., & Watson, D. (2005). Delineating the structure of normal and abnormal personality: An integrative hierarchical approachJournal of Personality and Social Psychology88, 139157.Google Scholar
MoreyL. C. (2007). Personality Assessment Inventory Professional Manual (2nd ed.). Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.Google Scholar
SamuelD. B.HopwoodC. J.KruegerR. F.ThomasK. M., & RuggeroC. J. (2013). Comparing methods for scoring personality disorder types using maladaptive traits in DSM-5. Assessment20353361.Google Scholar
Sellbom, M. (2019). The MMPI-2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF): Assessment of personality and psychopathology in the 21st century. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 15, 149177.Google Scholar
Sellbom, M., Dhillon, S., & Bagby, R. M. (2018). Development and validation of an Overreporting Scale for the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5)Psychological Assessment30(5), 582593.Google Scholar
Simms, L. J., Goldberg, L. R., Roberts, J. E., Watson, D., Welte, J., & Rotterman, J. H. (2011). Computerized adaptive assessment of personality disorder: Introducing the CAT-PD projectJournal of Personality Assessment93, 380389.Google Scholar

References

Frances, A. (1993). Dimensional diagnosis of personality: Not whether, but when and whichPsychological Inquiry4, 110111.Google Scholar
Miller, J. D., Sleep, C. E., & Lynam, D. R. (2018). DSM-5 alternative model of personality disorder: Testing the trait perspective captured in criterion B. Current Opinion in Psychology, 21, 5054.Google Scholar
Mullins-Sweatt, S. N., & Widiger, T. A. (2010). Personality-related problems in living: An empirical approach. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 1, 230238.Google Scholar
Pilkonis, P. A., Hallquist, M. N., Morse, J. Q., & Stepp, S. D. (2011). Striking the (im)proper balance between scientific advances and clinical utility: Commentary on the DSM-5 proposal for personality disorders. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 2 , 6882.Google Scholar
Reed, G. M., First, M. B., Kogan, C. S., Hyman, S. E., Gureje, O., Gaebel, W., … Saxena, S. (2019). Innovations and changes in the ICD-11 classification of mental, behavioural and neurodevelopmental disorders. World Psychiatry, 18, 319.Google Scholar
Sleep, C. E., Lynam, D. R., Widiger, T. A., Crowe, M., & Miller, J. D. (2019). An evaluation of DSM-5 Section III Personality Disorder Criterion A (Impairment) in accounting for psychopathology. Psychological Assessment, 31(10), 11811191Google Scholar
Widiger, T. A. (2019). Considering the research: Commentary on “The trait-type dialectic: construct validity, clinical utility, and the diagnostic process.” Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 10, 215219.Google Scholar

References

Acton, G. S., & Revelle, W. (2002). Interpersonal personality measures show circumplex structure based on new psychometric criteria. Journal of Personality Assessment79, 446471.Google Scholar
Alden, L. E., & Capreol, M. J. (1993). Avoidant personality disorder: Interpersonal problems as predictors of treatment response. Behavior Therapy, 24, 357376.Google Scholar
Alden, L. E., Wiggins, J. S., & Pincus, A. L. (1990). Construction of circumplex scales for the Inventory of Interpersonal ProblemsJournal of Personality Assessment55, 521536.Google Scholar
Altenstein, D., Krieger, T., & Grosse Holtforth, M.G. (2013). Interpersonal microprocesses predict cognitive-emotional processing and the therapeutic alliance in psychotherapy for depression. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 60, 445452.Google Scholar
Ambwani, S., & Hopwood, C. J. (2009). The utility of considering interpersonal problems in the assessment of bulimic features. Eating Behaviors, 10, 247253.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar
Anchin, J. C., & Pincus, A. L. (2010). Evidence-based interpersonal psychotherapy with personality disorders: Theory, components, and strategies. In Magnavita, J. J. (Ed.), Evidence-Based Treatment of Personality Dysfunction: Principles, Methods, and Processes (pp. 113166). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Bakan, D. (1966). The Duality of Human Existence: Isolation and Communion in Western Man. Boston: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M. (1991). Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 226244.Google Scholar
Benjamin, L. S. (1993). Every psychopathology is a gift of love. Psychotherapy Research, 3, 124.Google Scholar
Benjamin, L. S. (2003). Interpersonal Reconstructive Therapy: Promoting Change in Nonresponders. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Blais, M. A., & Hopwood, C. J. (2017). Model-based approaches for teaching and practicing personality assessmentJournal of Personality Assessment99, 136145.Google Scholar
Boroughs, M. S., & O’Cleirigh, C (2015). Pathoplasticity. In The Encyclopedia of Clinical Psychology. Chichester: John Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118625392.wbecp296.Google Scholar
Browne, M. W. (1992). Circumplex models for correlation matrices. Psychometrika, 57, 469497.Google Scholar
Cain, N. M., Ansell, E. B., Wright, A. G. C., Hopwood, C. J., Thomas, K. M., Pinto, A., … Grilo, C. M. (2012). Interpersonal pathoplasticity in the course of major depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 80, 7886.Google Scholar
Cain, N. M., Meehan, K. B., Roche, M. J., Clarkin, J. F., & De Panfilis, C. (2019). Effortful control and interpersonal behavior in daily life. Journal of Personality Assessment, 101, 315325.Google Scholar
Cain, N. M. & Pincus, A. L. (2016). Treating maladaptive interpersonal signatures. In Livesley, W. J., Dimaggio, G. S., & Clarkin, J. F. (Eds.), Integrated Treatment of Personality Disorder: A Modular Approach (pp. 305324). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Cain, N. M., Pincus, A. L., & Grosse Holtforth, M. (2010). Interpersonal subtypes in social phobia: Diagnostic and treatment implications. Journal of Personality Assessment, 92, 514527.Google Scholar
Campbell, W. K., Brunell, A. B., & Finkel, E. J. (2006). Narcissism, interpersonal self-regulation, and romantic relationships: An agency model approach. In Vohs, K. D. & Finkel, E. J. (Eds.), Self and Relationships: Connecting Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Processes (pp. 5783). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Carson, R. C. (1969). Interaction Concepts of Personality. Chicago: Aldine.Google Scholar
Clarkin, J. F., Yeomans, F. E., & Kernberg, O. F. (2006). Psychotherapy of Borderline Personality: Focusing on Object Relations. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar
Dawood, S., & Pincus, A. L. (2016). Multi-surface interpersonal assessment in a cognitive-behavioral therapy context. Journal of Personality Assessment, 98, 449460.Google Scholar
Dawood, S., Thomas, K. M., Wright, A. G. C., & Hopwood, C. J. (2013). Heterogeneity of interpersonal problems among depressed young adults: Associations with substance abuse and pathological personality traits. Journal of Personality Assessment, 95, 513522.Google Scholar
Depue, R. A. (2006). Interpersonal behavior and the structure of personality: Neurobehavioral foundation of agentic extraversion and affiliation. In Canli, T. (Ed.), Biology of Personality and Individual Differences (pp. 6092). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Dowgwillo, E. A., Roche, M. J., & Pincus, A. L. (2018). Examining the interpersonal nature of Criterion A of the DSM-5 Section III Alternative Model for Personality Disorders using bootstrapped circular confidence intervals. Journal of Personality Assessment, 100, 581592.Google Scholar
Florsheim, P., & McArthur, L. (2009). An interpersonal approach to attachment and change. In Obegi, J. H. & Berent, E. (Eds.), Attachment Theory and Research in Clinical Work with Adults (pp. 379409). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Fournier, M. A., Moskowitz, D. S., & Zuroff, D. C. (2008). Integrating dispositions, signatures, and the interpersonal domain. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94, 531545.Google Scholar
Fournier, M. A., Zuroff, D. C., & Moskowitz, D. S. (2007). The social competition theory of depression: Gaining from an evolutionary approach to losing. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 26, 786790.Google Scholar
Gurtman, M. B. (1994). The circumplex as a tool for studying normal and abnormal personality: A methodological primer. In Strack, S. & Lorr, M. (Eds.), Differentiating Normal and Abnormal Personality (pp. 243263). New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Gurtman, M. B., & Pincus, A. L. (2003). The circumplex model: Methods and research applications. In Schnika, J. A. & Velicer, W. F. (Eds.), Comprehensive Handbook of Psychology, Volume 2: Research Methods in Psychology (pp. 407428). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Hooley, J. M. (2010). Social factors in schizophreniaCurrent Directions in Psychological Science19, 238242.Google Scholar
Hopwood, C. J., Clarke, A. N., & Perez, M. (2007). Pathoplasticity of bulimic features and interpersonal problems. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 40, 652658.Google Scholar
Hopwood, C. J., Thomas, K. M., Luo, X., Bernard, N., Lin, Y., & Levendosky, A. A. (2016). Implementing dynamic assessments in psychotherapy. Assessment23, 507517.Google Scholar
Horowitz, L. M. (2004). Interpersonal Foundations of Psychopathology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Kachin, K. E., Newman, M. G., & Pincus, A. L. (2001). An interpersonal problem approach to the division of social phobia subtypes. Behavior Therapy, 32, 479501.Google Scholar
Kiesler, D. J. (1982). Confronting the client–therapist relationship in psychotherapy. In Anchin, J. C. & Kiesler, D. J. (Eds.), Handbook of Interpersonal Psychotherapy (pp. 274295). New York: Pergamon.Google Scholar
Klahr, A. M., Thomas, K. M., Hopwood, C. J., Klump, K. L., & Burt, S. A. (2013). Evocative gene–environment correlation in the mother–child relationship: A twin study of interpersonal processes. Development and Psychopathology, 25, 105118.Google Scholar
Kotov, R., Krueger, R. F., Watson, D., Achenbach, T. M., Althoff, R. R., Bagby, R. M., … & Eaton, N. R. (2017). The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): A dimensional alternative to traditional nosologiesJournal of Abnormal Psychology126, 454477.Google Scholar
LaForge, R. (2004). The early development of the interpersonal system of personality (ISP). Multivariate Behavioral Research, 39, 359378.Google Scholar
Leary, T. (1957). Interpersonal Diagnosis of Personality. New York: Ronald Press.Google Scholar
Leichsenring, F., Kunst, H., & Hoyer, J. (2003). Borderline personality organization in violent offenders: Correlations of identity diffusion and primitive defense mechanisms with antisocial features, neuroticism, and interpersonal problems. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 67, 314327.Google Scholar
Levendosky, A. A., & Hopwood, C. J. (2017). A clinical science approach to training first year clinicians to navigate therapeutic relationshipsJournal of Psychotherapy Integration27, 153171.Google Scholar
Linehan, M. (1993). Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Linehan, M. M. (2015). DBT Skills Training Manual (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Lizdek, I., Woody, E., Sadler, P., & Rehman, U. S. (2016). How do depressive symptoms in husbands and wives relate to the interpersonal dynamics of marital interactions? Journal of Counseling Psychology63, 721735.Google Scholar
Locke, K. D. (2011). Circumplex measures of interpersonal constructs. In Horowitz, L. M. & Strack, S. (Eds.), Handbook of Interpersonal Psychology: Theory, Research, Assessment, and Therapeutic Interventions (pp. 313324). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Locke, K. D., & Sadler, P. (2007). Self-efficacy, values, and complementarity in dyadic interactions: Integrating interpersonal and social-cognitive theory. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 94109.Google Scholar
Lukowitsky, M. R., & Pincus, A. L. (2011). The pantheoretical nature of mental representations and their ability to predict interpersonal adjustment in a nonclinical sample. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 28, 4874.Google Scholar
Luyten, P., & Blatt, S. J. (2011). Integrating theory-driven and empirically-derived models of personality development and psychopathology: A proposal for DSM V. Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 5268.Google Scholar
Markey, P., Lowmaster, S., & Eichler, W. (2010). A real‐time assessment of interpersonal complementarity. Personal Relationships, 1, 1325.Google Scholar
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1989). The structure of interpersonal traits: Wiggins’s circumplex and the five-factor model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 586595.Google Scholar
Moskowitz, D. S., Ringo Ho, M.-H., & Turcotte-Tremblay, A. (2007). Contextual influences on interpersonal complementarity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 10511063.Google Scholar
Moskowitz, D. S., Zuroff, D. C., aan het Rot, M., & Young, S. N. (2011). Tryptophan and interpersonal spin. Journal of Research in Personality, 45, 692696.Google Scholar
Newman, M. G., Jacobson, N. C., Erickson, T. M., & Fisher, A. J. (2017). Interpersonal problems predict differential response to cognitive versus behavioral treatment in a randomized controlled trialBehavior Therapy48, 5668.Google Scholar
Nilsen, E. S., Lizdek, I., & Ethier, N. (2015). Mother–child interpersonal dynamics: The influence of maternal and child ADHD symptomsJournal of Experimental Psychopathology6, 313329.Google Scholar
Pincus, A. L. (1994). The interpersonal circumplex and the interpersonal theory: Perspectives on personality and its pathology. In Strack, S. & Lorr, M. (Eds.), Differentiating Normal and Abnormal Personality (pp. 114136). New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Pincus, A. L. (2005). A contemporary integrative interpersonal theory of personality disorders. In Clarkin, J. & Lenzenweger, M. (Eds.), Major Theories of Personality Disorder (2nd ed., pp. 282331). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Pincus, A. L. (2010). Interpersonal theory of personality. In Weiner, I. B. & Craighead, W. E. (Eds.), The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology (4th ed., pp. 12131215). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Pincus, A. L., & Ansell, E. B. (2013). Interpersonal theory of personality. In Suls, J. & Tennen, H. (Eds.), Handbook of Psychology, Volume 5: Personality and Social Psychology (2nd ed., pp. 141159). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Pincus, A. L., & Cain, N. M. (2008). Interpersonal psychotherapy. In Richard, D. C. S. & Huprich, S. K. (Eds.), Clinical Psychology: Assessment, Treatment, & Research (pp. 213245). New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Pincus, A. L., Hopwood, C. J., & Wright, A. G. C. (2017). The interpersonal situation: An integrative framework for the study of personality, psychopathology, and psychotherapy. In Funder, D., Rauthmann, J. F., & Sherman, R. (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Psychological Situations. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Pincus, A. L., Lukowitsky, M. R., & Wright, A. G. C. (2010). The interpersonal nexus of personality and psychopathology. In Millon, T., Krueger, R. F., & Simonsen, E. (Eds.), Contemporary Directions in Psychopathology: Scientific Foundations of the DSM-5 and ICD-11 (pp. 523552). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Pincus, A. L., & Roche, M. J. (2019). Paradigms of personality assessment and level of personality functioning in Criterion A of the AMPD. In Hopwood, C. J., Mulay, A. L., & Waugh, M. (Eds.), The DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders: Integrating Multiple Paradigms of Personality Assessment (pp. 4859). Abingdon: Routledge.Google Scholar
Pincus, A. L., Sadler, P., Woody, E., Roche, M. J., Thomas, K. M., & Wright, A. G. C. (2014). Assessing interpersonal dynamics. In Hopwood, C. J. & Bornstein, R. F. (Eds.), Multimethod Clinical Assessment (pp. 5191). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Pincus, A. L., & Wiggins, J. S. (1990). Interpersonal problems and conceptions of personality disordersJournal of Personality Disorders4, 342352.Google Scholar
Pincus, A. L., & Wright, A. G. C. (2011). Interpersonal diagnosis of psychopathology. In Horowitz, L. M. & Strack, S. (Eds.), Handbook of Interpersonal Psychology: Theory, Research, Assessment, and Therapeutic Interventions (pp. 359381). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Przeworski, A., Newman, M. G., Pincus, A. L., Kasoff, M. B., Yamasaki, A. S., Castonguay, L. G., & Berlin, K. S. (2011). Interpersonal pathoplasticity in individuals with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 120, 286298.Google Scholar
Roche, M. J., Pincus, A. L., Conroy, D. E., Hyde, A. L., & Ram, N. (2013). Pathological narcissism and interpersonal behavior in daily life. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 4, 315323.Google Scholar
Roche, M. J., Pincus, A. L., Hyde, A. L., Conroy, D. E., & Ram, N. (2013). Within-person covariation of agentic and communal perceptions: Implications for interpersonal theory and assessment. Journal of Research in Personality, 47, 445452.Google Scholar
Roche, M. J., Pincus, A. L., Rebar, A. L., Conroy, D. E., & Ram, N. (2014). Enriching psychological assessment using a person-specific analysis of interpersonal processes in daily life. Assessment, 21, 515528.Google Scholar
Sadikaj, G., Moskowitz, D. S., Russell, J. J., Zuroff, D. C., & Paris, J. (2013). Quarrelsome behavior in borderline personality disorder: Influence of behavioral and affective reactivity to perceptions of othersJournal of Abnormal Psychology122, 195207.Google Scholar
Sadikaj, G., Moskowitz, D. S., & Zuroff, D. C. (in press). What’s interpersonal in interpersonal perception? The role of target’s attachment in the accuracy of perception. Journal of Personality.Google Scholar
Sadikaj, G., Russell, J. J., Moskowitz, D. S., & Paris, J. (2010). Affect dysregulation in individuals with borderline personality disorder: Persistence and interpersonal triggers. Journal of Personality Assessment, 92, 490500.Google Scholar
Sadler, P., Ethier, N., Gunn, G. R., Duong, D., & Woody, E. (2009). Are we on the same wavelength? Interpersonal complementarity as shared cyclical patterns during interactions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97, 10051020.Google Scholar
Safran, J. D. (1990a). Towards a refinement in cognitive therapy in light of interpersonal theory: I. Theory. Clinical Psychology Review, 10, 87105.Google Scholar
Safran, J. D. (1990b). Towards a refinement of cognitive therapy in light of interpersonal theory: II. Practice. Clinical Psychology Review, 10, 107121.Google Scholar
Salzer, S., Pincus, A. L., Hoyer, J., Kreische, R., Leichsenring, F., & Leibling, E. (2008). Interpersonal subtypes within generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Personality Assessment, 90, 292299.Google Scholar
Salzer, S., Pincus, A. L., Winkelbach, C., Leichsenring, F., & Leibing, E. (2011). Interpersonal subtypes and change of interpersonal problems in the treatment of patients with generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot study. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, & Training, 48, 304310.Google Scholar
Salzer, S., Streeck, U., Jaeger, U., Masuhr, O., Warwas, J., Leichsenring, F., … Leibing, E. (2013). Patterns of interpersonal problems in borderline personality disorder. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 201, 9498.Google Scholar
Simon, S., Cain, N. M., Samstag, L. W., Meehan, K. B., & Muran, J. C. (2015). Assessing interpersonal subtypes in depression. Journal of Personality Assessment, 97, 364373.Google Scholar
Smith, T. W., & Cundiff, J. M. (2011). An interpersonal perspective on risk for coronary heart disease. In Horowitz, L. M. & Strack, S. (Eds.), Handbook of Interpersonal Psychology: Theory, Research, Assessment, and Therapeutic Interventions (pp. 471490). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Soldz, S., Budman, S., Demby, A., & Merry, J. (1995). A short form of the inventory of interpersonal problems circumplex scalesAssessment2, 5363.Google Scholar
Strack, S., & Horowitz, L. M. (2011). Introduction. In Horowitz, L. M. & Strack, S. (Eds.), Handbook of Interpersonal Psychology: Theory, Research, Assessment, and Therapeutic Interventions (pp. 113). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Sullivan, H. S. (1953a). Conceptions of Modern Psychiatry. New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Sullivan, H. S. (1953b). The Interpersonal Theory of Psychiatry. New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Sullivan, H. S. (1954). The Psychiatric Interview. New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Sullivan, H. S. (1956). Clinical Studies in Psychiatry. New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Sullivan, H. S. (1962). Schizophrenia as a Human Process. New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Sullivan, H. S. (1964). The Fusion of Psychiatry and Social Science. New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Thomas, K. M., Hopwood, C. J., Donnellan, M. B., Wright, A. G., Sanislow, C. A., McDevitt-Murphy, M. E., … Morey, L. C. (2014). Personality heterogeneity in PTSD: Distinct temperament and interpersonal typologies. Psychological Assessment, 26, 2334.Google Scholar
Thomas, K. M., Hopwood, C. J., Woody, E., Ethier, N., & Sadler, P. (2014). Interpersonal processes in psychotherapy: A reanalysis of the Gloria Films. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 61, 114.Google Scholar
Tracey, T. J. (1997). RANDALL: A Microsoft FORTRAN program for a randomization test of hypothesized order relationsEducational and Psychological Measurement57, 164168.Google Scholar
Wang, S., Roche, M. J., Pincus, A. L., Conroy, D. E., Rebar, A. L., & Ram, N. (2014). Interpersonal dependency and emotion in everyday life. Journal of Research in Personality, 53, 512.Google Scholar
Wiggins, J. S. (1991). Agency and communion as conceptual coordinates for the understanding and measurement of interpersonal behavior. In Cicchetti, D. & Grove, W. M. (Eds.), Thinking Clearly about Psychology: Essays in Honor of Paul E. Meehl, Volume 2: Personality and Psychopathology (pp. 89113). Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Wiggins, J. S. (1996). An informal history of the interpersonal circumplex tradition. Journal of Personality Assessment, 66, 217233.Google Scholar
Wiggins, J. S. (2003). Paradigms of Personality Assessment. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Wiggins, J. S., Trapnell, P., & Phillips, N. (1988). Psychometric and geometric characteristics of the revised interpersonal adjective scales (IAS-R). Multivariate Behavioral Research, 23, 517530.Google Scholar
Williams, T. F., & Simms, L. J. (2016). Personality disorder models and their coverage of interpersonal problems. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 7, 1527.Google Scholar
Wilson, S., Revelle, W., Stroud, C. B., & Durbin, C. E. (2013). A confirmatory bifactor analysis of the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems: Circumplex and associations of interpersonal traits across multiple relationship contexts and measuresPsychological Assessment25, 353365.Google Scholar
Wilson, S., Stroud, C. B., & Durbin, C. E. (2017). Interpersonal dysfunction in personality disorders: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 143, 677734.Google Scholar
Wright, A. G. C., Hallquist, M. N., Morse, J. Q., Scott, L. N., Stepp, S. D., Nolf, K. A., & Pilkonis, P. A. (2013). Clarifying interpersonal heterogeneity in borderline personality disorder using latent mixture modeling. Journal of Personality Disorder, 27, 125143.Google Scholar
Wright, A. G. C., Pincus, A. L., Conroy, D. E., & Hilsenroth, M. J. (2009). Integrating methods to optimize circumplex description and comparison of groups. Journal of Personality Assessment, 91, 311322.Google Scholar
Wright, A. G., Pincus, A. L., Hopwood, C. J., Thomas, K. M., Markon, K. E., & Krueger, R. F. (2012). An interpersonal analysis of pathological personality traits in DSM-5. Assessment, 19, 263275.Google Scholar
Wright, A. G., Stepp, S. D., Scott, L., Hallquist, M., Beeney, J. E., Lazarus, S. A., & Pilkonis, P. A. (2017). The effect of pathological narcissism on interpersonal and affective processes in social interactions. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 126, 898910.Google Scholar
Zilcha-Mano, S., McCarthy, K. S., Dinger, U., Chambless, D. L., Milrod, B. L., Kunik, L., & Barber, J. P. (2015). Are there subtypes of panic disorder? An interpersonal perspective. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 83, 938950.Google Scholar
Zimmermann, J., & Wright, A. G. (2017). Beyond description in interpersonal construct validation: Methodological advances in the circumplex structural summary approachAssessment24, 323.Google Scholar
Zuroff, D. C., Moskowitz, D. S., & Côté, S. (1999). Dependency, self-criticism, interpersonal behavior, and affect: Evolutionary perspectives. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 38, 231250.Google Scholar

References

Kotov, R., Ruggero, C. J., Krueger, R. F., Watson, D., Yuan, Q., & Zimmerman, M. (2011). New dimensions in the quantitative classification of mental illness. Archives of General Psychiatry, 68, 10031011.Google Scholar
Krueger, R. F., & Markon, K. E. (2014). The role of the DSM-5 personality trait model in moving toward a quantitative and empirically based approach to classifying personality and psychopathology. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 10, 477501.Google Scholar
Wilson, S., Stroud, C. B., & Durbin, C. E. (2017). Interpersonal dysfunction in personality disorders: A meta-analytic reviewPsychological Bulletin143(7), 677734.Google Scholar

References

Ansell, E. B., & Pincus, A. L. (2004). Interpersonal perceptions of the five-factor model of personality: An examination using the structural summary method for circumplex dataMultivariate Behavioral Research39(2), 167201.Google Scholar
Bakan, D. (1966). The Duality of Human Existence: An Essay on Psychology and Religion. Oxford: Rand McNally.Google Scholar
Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., & Harrison, R. (1983). Cognitions, attitudes and personality dimensions in depressionBritish Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 1(1), 116.Google Scholar
Blatt, S. J. (2008). Polarities of Experience: Relatedness and Self-Definition in Personality Development, Psychopathology, and the Therapeutic Process. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Cain, N. M. & Pincus, A. L. (2016). Treating maladaptive interpersonal signatures. In Livesley, W. J., Dimaggio, G. S., & Clarkin, J. F. (Eds.), Integrated Treatment of Personality Disorder: A Modular Approach (pp. 305324). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Dermody, S. S., Thomas, K. M., Hopwood, C. J., Durbin, C. E., & Wright, A. G. (2017). Modeling the complexity of dynamic, momentary interpersonal behavior: Applying the time-varying effect model to test predictions from interpersonal theoryJournal of Research in Personality68, 5462.Google Scholar
DeYoung, C. G. (2006). Higher-order factors of the Big Five in a multi-informant sampleJournal of Personality and Social Psychology91(6), 11381151.Google Scholar
Digman, J. M. (1997). Higher-order factors of the Big Five. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 12461256.Google Scholar
Hopwood, C. J. (2018). Interpersonal dynamics in personality and personality disorder. European Journal of Personality, 32(5), 499524.Google Scholar
Hopwood, C. J., Harrison, A. L., Amole, M., Girard, J. M., Wright, A. G., & Thomas, K. M., … Kashy, D. A. (in press). Properties of the Continuous Assessment of Interpersonal Dynamics across sex, level of familiarity, and interpersonal conflict. Assessment. Online First. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191118798916Google Scholar
Hopwood, C. J., Zimmermann, J., Pincus, A. L., & Krueger, R. F. (2015). Connecting personality structure and dynamics: Towards a more evidence-based and clinically useful diagnostic schemeJournal of Personality Disorders29(4), 431448.Google Scholar
Michaelson, E. J., & Aaland, L. M. (1976). Masculinity, femininity, and androgynyEthos4(2), 251270.Google Scholar
Pincus, A. L., & Hopwood, C. J. (2012). A contemporary interpersonal model of personality pathology and personality disorder. In Widiger, T.A. (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Personality Disorders (pp. 372398). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Rauthmann, J. F., Gallardo-Pujol, D., Guillaume, E. M., Todd, E., Nave, C. S., Sherman, R. A., … Funder, D. C. (2014). The Situational Eight DIAMONDS: A taxonomy of major dimensions of situation characteristicsJournal of Personality and Social Psychology107(4), 677718.Google Scholar
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-beingAmerican Psychologist55(1), 6878.Google Scholar
Wiggins, J. S. (1991). Agency and communion as conceptual coordinates for the understanding and measurement of interpersonal behavior. In Cicchetti, D. & Grove, W. M. (Eds.), Thinking Clearly about Psychology: Essays in Honor of Paul E. Meehl, Volume 2: Personality and Psychopathology (pp. 89113). Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Wiggins, J. S., & Trapnell, P. D. (1996). A dyadic-interactional perspective on the five-factor model. In Wiggins, J. S. (Ed.), The Five-Factor Model of Personality: Theoretical Perspectives (pp. 88162). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar

References

Hopwood, C. J. (2018). A framework for treating DSM‐5 alternative model for personality disorder featuresPersonality and Mental Health12(2), 107125.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • Models
  • Edited by Carl W. Lejuez, University of Kansas, Kim L. Gratz, University of Toledo, Ohio
  • Book: The Cambridge Handbook of Personality Disorders
  • Online publication: 24 February 2020
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Models
  • Edited by Carl W. Lejuez, University of Kansas, Kim L. Gratz, University of Toledo, Ohio
  • Book: The Cambridge Handbook of Personality Disorders
  • Online publication: 24 February 2020
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Models
  • Edited by Carl W. Lejuez, University of Kansas, Kim L. Gratz, University of Toledo, Ohio
  • Book: The Cambridge Handbook of Personality Disorders
  • Online publication: 24 February 2020
Available formats
×