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Chapter 8 - Opioids

from Part II - Common Categories of Pharmacologic Medications to Treat Chronic Pain

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 December 2023

By
Merlin Perez  and
Nazir Noor
Edited by
Omar Viswanath  and
Ivan Urits
Omar Viswanath
Affiliation:
Creighton University, Omaha
Ivan Urits
Affiliation:
Southcoast Brain & Spine Center, Wareham
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Summary

A class of analgesics structurally similar to the natural alkaloids derived from the resin of the opium poppy. Natural alkaloids are known as opiates and they include morphine and other similarly structured drugs, such as codeine, hydrocodone, and oxycodone. Synthetic derivates include hydromorphone, fentanyl, and heroin, among others (3). Three opiate receptors – µ, ?, and d – were found predominantly in the CNS. Most analgesic effect of opioids is mediated by the µ receptor. Decrease presynaptic calcium influx and increase postsynaptic potassium efflux, leading to inhibition of neuronal firing and neurotransmitter release.

Keywords

opioidspoppyfentanylhydrocodoneoxycodonemorphineµ receptor
Type
Chapter
Information
Cambridge Handbook of Pain Medicine , pp. 58 - 60
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

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References

Cohen, B, Ruth LJ, Preuss, CV. Opioid Analgesics– StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf. (n.d.). Retrieved August 6, 2022, from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459161/.Google Scholar
Grewal, N, Huecker MR. Opioid Prescribing– StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf. (n.d.). Retrieved August 6, 2022, from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551720/.Google Scholar
LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2012. Opioids. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547864/.Google Scholar
Smith, HS. Opioid metabolism. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2009;84(7):613. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-6196(11)60750-7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

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  • Opioids
  • Edited by Omar Viswanath, Creighton University, Omaha, Ivan Urits, Southcoast Brain & Spine Center, Wareham
  • Book: Cambridge Handbook of Pain Medicine
  • Online publication: 01 December 2023
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108979849.009
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  • Opioids
  • Edited by Omar Viswanath, Creighton University, Omaha, Ivan Urits, Southcoast Brain & Spine Center, Wareham
  • Book: Cambridge Handbook of Pain Medicine
  • Online publication: 01 December 2023
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108979849.009
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Opioids
  • Edited by Omar Viswanath, Creighton University, Omaha, Ivan Urits, Southcoast Brain & Spine Center, Wareham
  • Book: Cambridge Handbook of Pain Medicine
  • Online publication: 01 December 2023
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108979849.009
Available formats
×