Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T18:36:44.742Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

10 - Creativity in Adulthood

from Part II - The Development of Creativity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 November 2021

Sandra W. Russ
Affiliation:
Case Western Reserve University, Ohio
Jessica D. Hoffmann
Affiliation:
Yale University, Connecticut
James C. Kaufman
Affiliation:
University of Connecticut
Get access

Summary

Adulthood holds special promise for creativity. Not only is this developmental period the longest, but it is also the most advanced in terms of maturity of mental and biological structures people achieve. Therefore, adulthood quite naturally forms an arena for creative activities and achievements. However, creativity in adulthood does not only (or even not mainly) refer to test-measured creative potential; rather, it denotes expertise-based, mature, and, in some rare cases, eminent creativity. What are the milestones of creative development in adulthood? Why is it that so many people do not reach the level of mature creativity? What makes adults realize, or not, their creative potential, and invest their time and effort to develop it? We discuss these questions and show some new avenues for future research.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adnan, A., Beaty, R., Lam, J., Spreng, R. N., & Turner, G. R. (2019). Intrinsic default–executive coupling of the creative aging brain. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 14, 291303. doi:10.1093/scan/nsz013CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Adnan, A., Beaty, R., Silvia, P., Spreng, R. N., & Turner, G. R. (2019). Creative aging: Functional brain networks associated with divergent thinking in older and younger adults. Neurobiology of Aging, 75, 150158. doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.11.004Google Scholar
Albert, R. S. (1990). Identity, experiences, and career choice among the exceptionally gifted and eminent. In Runco, M. A. & Albert, R. S. (Eds.), Theories of creativity (SAGE Focus eds., vol. 115, pp. 1334). Los Angeles, CA: SAGE.Google Scholar
Alpaugh, P. K., & Birren, J. E. (1977). Variables affecting creative contributions across the adult lifespan. Human Development, 20(4), 240248. doi:10.1159/000271559CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alpaugh, P. K., Parham, I. A., Cole, K. D., & Birren, J. E. (1982). Creativity in adulthood and old age: An exploratory study. Educational Gerontology, 8(2), 101116. doi:10.1080/0380127820080202Google Scholar
Amabile, T. M. (1993). Motivational synergy: Toward new conceptualizations of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in the workplace. Human Resource Management Review, 3(3), 185201. doi:10.1016/1053-4822(93)90012-SGoogle Scholar
Amabile, T. M. (1996). Creativity in context. New York: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780429501234Google Scholar
Amabile, T. M., & Pratt, M. G. (2016). The dynamic componential model of creativity and innovation in organizations: Making progress, making meaning. Research in Organizational Behavior, 36, 157183. doi:10.1016/j.riob.2016.10.001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, R., & Karwowski, M. (2020). Motivation and creativity. In Runco, M. and Pritzker, S. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of creativity (3rd ed., pp. 185189). San Diego, CA: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55(5), 469480. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.55.5.469Google Scholar
Årseth, A. K., Kroger, J., Martinussen, M., & Marcia, J. E. (2009). Meta-analytic studies of identity status and the relational issues of attachment and intimacy. Identity, 9, 132. doi:10.1080/15283480802579532Google Scholar
Azoulay, P., Jones, B. F., Kim, J. D., & Miranda, J. (2020). Age and high-growth entrepreneurship. American Economic Review: Insights, 2(1), 6582. doi:10.1257/aeri.20180582Google Scholar
Baas, M., De Dreu, C. K. W., & Nijstad, B. A. (2008). A meta-analysis of 25 years of mood–creativity research: Hedonic tone, activation, or regulatory focus? Psychological Bulletin, 134(6), 779806. doi:10.1037/a0012815CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baltes, P. B., Reese, H. W., & Lipsitt, L. P. (1980). Life-span developmental psychology. Annual Review of Psychology, 31, 65110. doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.31.020180.000433CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beaumont, S. L., & Pratt, M. M. (2011). Identity processing styles and psychosocial balance during early and middle adulthood: The role of identity intimacy and generativity. Journal of Adult Development, 18, 172183. doi:10.1007/s10804-011-9125-zCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beaussart, M., Kaufman, S., & Kaufman, J. (2012). Creative activity, personality, mental illness, and short-term mating success. Journal of Creative Behavior, 46(3), 151167. doi:10.1002/jocb.11CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beghetto, R. A. (2016). Creative learning: A fresh look. Journal of Cognitive Education and Psychology, 15(1), 623. doi:10.1891/1945-8959.15.1.6Google Scholar
Beghetto, R. A., & Corazza, G. E. (Eds.). (2019). Dynamic perspectives on creativity: New directions for theory, research, and practice in education. Cham: Springer.Google Scholar
Beghetto, R. A., Karwowski, M., & Reiter-Palmon, R. (2020). Intellectual risk taking: A moderating link between creative confidence and creative behavior? Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts (Advance online publication). doi:10.1037/aca0000323Google Scholar
Beghetto, R. A., & Kaufman, J. C. (2007). Toward a broader conception of creativity: A case for “mini-c” creativity. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 1(2), 7379. doi:10.1037/1931-3896.1.2.73CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benedek, M., Bruckdorfer, R., & Jauk, E. (2019). Motives for creativity: Exploring the what and why of everyday creativity. Journal of Creative Behavior. doi:10.1002/jocb.396CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benedek, M., Jauk, E., Sommer, M., Arendasy, M., & Neubauer, A. C. (2014). Intelligence, creativity, and cognitive control: The common and differential involvement of executive functions in intelligence and creativity. Intelligence, 46, 7383. doi:10.1016/j.intell.2014.05.007CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buss, D. M. (1989). Sex differences in human mate preferences: Evolutionary hypotheses tested in 37 cultures. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 12(1), 114. doi:10.1017/S0140525X00023992CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buss, D. M., & Barnes, M. (1986). Preferences in human mate selection. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50(3), 559570. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.50.3.559CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Byron, K., & Khazanchi, S. (2012). Rewards and creative performance: A meta-analytic test of theoretically derived hypotheses. Psychological Bulletin, 138(4), 809830. doi:10.1037/a0027652Google Scholar
Cattell, R. B. (1963). Theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence: A critical experiment. Journal of Educational Psychology, 54(1), 122. doi:10.1037/h0046743CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clegg, H., Nettle, D., & Miell, D. (2008). A test of Miller’s aesthetic fitness hypothesis. Journal of Evolutionary Psychology, 6, 101115. doi:10.1556/jep.2008.1009Google Scholar
Clegg, H., Nettle, D., & Miell, D. (2011). Status and mating success amongst visual artists. Frontiers in Psychology, 2. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00310Google Scholar
Cocker, M. (2007). Startup advice for entrepreneurs from Y combinator. VentureBeat. Retrieved from https://venturebeat.com/2007/03/26/start-up-advice-for-entrepreneurs-from-y-combinator-startup-school/Google Scholar
Cohen, L. M. (1989). A continuum of adaptive creative behaviors. Creativity Research Journal, 2(3), 169183. doi:10.1080/10400418909534313Google Scholar
Cohen, L. M. (2009). Linear and network trajectories in creative lives: A case study of Walter and Roberto Burle Marx. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 3(4), 238248. doi:10.1037/a0015495Google Scholar
Cohen, L. M. (2012). Adaptation and creativity in cultural context. Revista de Psicología, 30, 318. Retrieved from www.scielo.org.pe/pdf/psico/v30n1/a01v30n1Google Scholar
Conner, T. S., DeYoung, C. G., & Silvia, P. J. (2018). Everyday creative activity as a path to flourishing. Journal of Positive Psychology, 13(2), 181189. doi:10.1080/17439760.2016.1257049CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conner, T. S., & Silvia, P. J. (2015). Creative days: A daily diary study of emotion, personality, and everyday creativity. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 9(4), 463470. doi:10.1037/aca0000022CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1985). Emergent motivation and the evolution of the self: Motivation in adulthood. In Kleiber, D. & Maehr, M. H. (Eds.), Advances in motivation and achievement (vol. 4, pp. 93119). Stamford, CT: JAI Press.Google Scholar
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1988). Society, culture, and person: A system view of creativity. In Sternberg, R. J. (Ed.), The nature of creativity (pp. 7698). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Dąbrowski, K. (1964). Positive disintegration. New York: Little, Brown.Google Scholar
Dacey, J. S. (1989). Peak periods of creative growth across the lifespan. Journal of Creative Behavior, 23(4), 224247. doi:10.1002/j.2162-6057.1989.tb00697.xGoogle Scholar
Davis, M. A. (2009). Understanding the relationship between mood and creativity: A meta-analysis. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 108(1), 2538. doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2008.04.001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Jesus, S. N., Rus, C. L., Lens, W., & Imaginário, S. (2013). Intrinsic motivation and creativity related to product: A meta-analysis of the studies published between 1990–2010. Creativity Research Journal, 25(1), 8084. doi:10.1080/10400419.2013.752235Google Scholar
de Valverde, J., Sovet, L., & Lubart, T. (2017). Self-construction and creative “life design.” In Karwowski, M. & Kaufman, J. C. (Eds.), The creative self (pp. 99115). Cambridge, MA: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Dollinger, S. J., Dollinger, S. M. C., & Centeno, L. (2005). Identity and Creativity. Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research, 5(4), 315339. doi:10.1207/s1532706xid0504_2Google Scholar
Dziedziewicz, D., Oledzka, D., & Karwowski, M. (2013). Developing 4- to 6-year-old children’s figural creativity using a doodle-book program. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 9, 8595. doi:10.1016/j.tsc.2012.09.004Google Scholar
Ericsson, K. A., & Charness, N. (1994). Expert performance: Its structure and acquisition. American Psychologist, 49(8), 725747. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.49.8.725Google Scholar
Ericsson, K. A., Krampe, R. T., & Tesch-Römer, C. (1993). The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance. Psychological Review, 100(3), 363406.Google Scholar
Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity youth and crisis. New York: Norton.Google Scholar
Erikson, E. H. (1982). The life cycle completed. New York: Norton.Google Scholar
Feinstein, J. S. (2006). The nature of creative development. Redwood City, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Feist, G. J., & Barron, F. X. (2003). Predicting creativity from early to late adulthood: Intellect, potential, and personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 37(2), 6288. doi:10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00536-6Google Scholar
Feldman, D. H. (1994). Beyond universals in cognitive development (2nd ed.). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.Google Scholar
Feldman, D. H. (1999). The development of creativity. In Sternberg, R. J. (Ed.), Handbook of creativity (pp. 169188). New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Fischer, C., Malycha, C., & Schafmann, E. (2019). The influence of intrinsic motivation and synergistic extrinsic motivators on creativity and innovation. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 137. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00137CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Foos, P. W., & Boone, D. (2008). Adult age differences in divergent thinking: It’s just a matter of time. Educational Gerontology, 34(7), 587594. doi:10.1080/03601270801949393Google Scholar
Freud, S. (1915/1958). The unconscious. In Strachey, J. (Ed. & Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (vol. 14, pp. 159215). London: Hogarth Press. (Original work published 1915).Google Scholar
Geher, G., & Kaufman, S. (2013). Mating intelligence unleashed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Glăveanu, V. P. (2013). Rewriting the language of creativity: The Five A’s framework. Review of General Psychology, 17, 6981. doi:10.1037/a0029528Google Scholar
Gleick, J. (1993). Genius: The life and science of Richard Feynman. New York: Vintage.Google Scholar
Gocłowska, M. A., Ritter, S. M., Elliot, A. J., & Baas, M. (2019). Novelty seeking is linked to openness and extraversion, and can lead to greater creative performance. Journal of Personality, 87(2), 252266. doi:10.1111/jopy.12387Google Scholar
Gralewski, J., Lebuda, I., Gajda, A., Jankowska, D. M., & Wiśniewska, E. (2016). Slumps and jumps: Another look at developmental changes in creative abilities. Creativity: Theories–Research–Applications, 3(1), 152177. doi:10.1515/ctra-2016-0011CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grohman, M. G., Ivcevic, Z., Silvia, P., & Kaufman, S. B. (2017). The role of passion and persistence in creativity. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 11(4), 376385. doi:10.1037/aca0000121Google Scholar
Groyecka, A. (2018). Will becoming more creative make us more tolerant? Creativity: Theories–Research–Applications, 5(2), 170176. doi:10.1515/ctra-2018-0015Google Scholar
Groyecka, A., Gajda, A., Jankowska, D. M., Sorokowski, P., & Karwowski, M. (2020). On the benefits of thinking creatively: Why does creativity training strengthen intercultural sensitivity among children. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 37, 100693. doi:10.1016/j.tsc.2020.100693Google Scholar
Guilford, J. P. (1967). The nature of human intelligence. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Hardy, J. H., Ness, A. M., & Mecca, J. (2017). Outside the box: Epistemic curiosity as a predictor of creative problem solving and creative performance. Personality and Individual Differences, 104, 230237. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.08.004Google Scholar
Hass, R. W., & Weisberg, R. W. (2015). Revisiting the 10-year rule for composers from the Great American Songbook: On the validity of two measures of creative production. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 9(4), 471479. doi:10.1037/aca0000021CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayes, J. R. (1989). The complete problem solver (2nd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Helson, R., & Pals, J. L. (2000). Creative potential, creative achievement, and personal growth. Journal of Personality, 68(1), 127. doi:10.1111/1467-6494.00089Google Scholar
Henrich, J., Heine, S. J., & Norenzayan, A. (2010). The weirdest people in the world? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 33(2–3), 6183. doi:10.1017/S0140525X0999152XCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hoffmann, J., & Russ, S. (2012). Pretend play, creativity, and emotion regulation in children. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 6(2), 175184. doi:10.1037/a0026299Google Scholar
Hoffmann, J. D., & Russ, S. W. (2016). Fostering pretend play skills and creativity in elementary school girls: A group play intervention. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 10(1), 114125. doi:10.1037/aca0000039Google Scholar
Hunter, S. T., Bedell, K. E., & Mumford, M. D. (2007). Climate for creativity: A quantitative review. Creativity Research Journal, 19(1), 6990. doi:10.1080/10400410709336883Google Scholar
Ivcevic, Z., & Brackett, M. A. (2015). Predicting creativity: Interactive effects of openness to experience and emotion regulation ability. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 9(4), 480487. doi:10.1037/a0039826Google Scholar
Ivcevic, Z., & Hoffmann, J. (2019). Emotions and creativity. In Kaufman, J. C. & Sternberg, R. J. (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of creativity (pp. 273295). New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ivcevic, Z., & Nusbaum, E. C. (2017). From having an idea to doing something with it: Self-regulation for creativity. In Karwowski, M. & Kaufman, J. C. (Eds.), The creative self: How our beliefs, self-efficacy, mindset, and identity impact our creativity (pp. 343365). Cambridge, MA: Academic Press. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-809790-8.00020-0Google Scholar
Jaquish, G. A., & Ripple, R. E. (1984). Adolescent divergent thinking: A cross-cultural perspective. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 15(1), 95104. doi:10.1177/0022002184015001006Google Scholar
Jaussi, K. S., Randel, A. E., & Dionne, S. D. (2007). I am, I think I can, and I do: The role of personal identity, self-efficacy, and cross-application of experiences in creativity at work. Creativity Research Journal, 19(2–3), 247258. doi:10.1080/10400410701397339CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kanazawa, S. (2000). Scientific discoveries as cultural displays: A further test of Miller’s courtship model. Evolution and Human Behavior, 21(5), 317321. doi:10.1016/S1090-5138(00)00051-9Google Scholar
Kanfer, R., & Ackerman, P. L. (2004). Aging, adult development, and work motivation. The Academy of Management Review, 29(3), 440458. doi:10.2307/20159053CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karwowski, M. (2015). Development of the creative self-concept, creativity. Theories–Research–Applications, 2(2), 165179. doi:10.1515/ctra-2015-0019Google Scholar
Karwowski, M. (2017). Subordinated and rebellious creativity at school. In Beghetto, R. A. & Sriraman, B. (Eds.). Creative contradictions in education (pp. 89114). New York: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-21924-0_6Google Scholar
Karwowski, M., & Beghetto, R. A. (2019). Creative behavior as agentic action. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 13(4), 402415. doi:10.1037/aca0000190Google Scholar
Karwowski, M., & Brzeski, A. (2017). Selfies and the (creative) self: A diary study. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 172. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00172Google Scholar
Karwowski, M., & Jankowska, D. M. (2016). Four faces of creativity at school. In Beghetto, R. A. & Kaufman, J. C. (Eds.), Nurturing creativity in the classroom (pp. 337354). New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Karwowski, M., & Kaufman, J. C., (Eds.). (2017). The creative self: How our beliefs, self-efficacy, mindset, and identity impact our creativity. Cambridge, MA: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Karwowski, M., & Lebuda, I. (2016). The big five, the huge two, and creative self-beliefs: A meta-analysis. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 10(2), 214232. doi:10.1037/aca0000035Google Scholar
Karwowski, M., Lebuda, I., & Beghetto, R. A. (2019). Creative self-beliefs. In Kaufman, J. C. & Sternberg, R. J. (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of creativity (pp. 396417). New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Karwowski, M., Lebuda, I., Szumski, G., & Firkowska-Mankiewicz, A. (2017). From moment-to-moment to day-to-day: Experience sampling and diary investigations in adults’ everyday creativity. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 11(3), 309324. doi:10.1037/aca0000127Google Scholar
Kaufman, J. C. (2018). Creativity’s need for relevance in research and real life: Let’s set a new agenda for positive outcomes. Creativity: Theories–Research–Applications, 5, 124137. doi:10.1515/ctra-2018-0008Google Scholar
Kaufman, J. C., & Beghetto, R. A. (2009). Beyond big and little: The Four C model of creativity. Review of General Psychology, 13, 112. doi:10.1037/a0013688Google Scholar
Kaufman, S. B. (2020). Transcend: The new science of self-actualization. New York: JP Tarcher US/Perigee.Google Scholar
Kaufman, S. B., & Kaufman, J. C. (2007). Ten years to expertise, many more to greatness: An investigation of modern writers. Journal of Creative Behavior, 41(2), 114124. doi:10.1002/j.2162-6057.2007.tb01284.xGoogle Scholar
Kerns, J. G. (2006). Anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortex activity in an fMRI study of trial-to-trial adjustments on the Simon task. NeuroImage, 33, 339405. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.06.012Google Scholar
Kerns, J. G., Cohen, J. D., MacDonald III, A. W., Cho, R. Y., Stenger, V. A., & Carter, C. S. (2004). Anterior cingulate conflict monitoring and adjustments in control. Science, 303(5660), 10231026. doi:10.1126/science.1089910Google Scholar
Khessina, O. M., Goncalo, J. A., & Krause, V. (2018). It’s time to sober up: The direct costs, side effects and long-term consequences of creativity and innovation. Research in Organizational Behavior, 38, 107135. doi:10.1016/j.riob.2018.11.003Google Scholar
Kilgour, M. (2006). Improving the creative process: Analysis of the effects of divergent thinking techniques and domain specific knowledge on creativity. International Journal of Business and Society, 7, 79107.Google Scholar
Kim, K. H. (2008). Meta‐analyses of the relationship of creative achievement to both IQ and divergent thinking test scores. Journal of Creative Behavior, 42(2), 106130. doi:10.1002/j.2162-6057.2008.tb01290.xGoogle Scholar
Kleibeuker, S. W., De Dreu, C. K. W., & Crone, E. A. (2013). The development of creative cognition across adolescence: Distinct trajectories for insight and divergent thinking. Developmental Science, 16(1), 212. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2012.01176.xGoogle Scholar
Kohlberg, L. (1987). The development of moral judgment and moral action. In Kohlberg, L. (Ed.), Child psychology and childhood education. A cognitive developmental view. New York: Longman.Google Scholar
Kozielecki, J. (1987). The role of hubristic motivation in transgressive behavior. New Ideas in Psychology, 5(3), 361383. doi:10.1016/0732-118X(87)90006-7Google Scholar
Kurtzberg, T. R., & Mueller, J. S. (2005). The influence of daily conflict on perceptions of creativity: A longitudinal study. International Journal of Conflict Management, 16, 335353.Google Scholar
Kwaśniewska, J. M., Gralewski, J., Witkowska, E. M., Kostrzewska, M., & Lebuda, I. (2018). Mothers’ personality traits and the climate for creativity they build with their children. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 27, 1324. doi:10.1016/j.tsc.2017.11.002Google Scholar
Kwaśniewska, J. M., & Lebuda, I. (2017). Balancing between roles and duties – The creativity of mothers. Creativity: Theories–Research–Applications, 4, 137158. doi:10.1515/ctra-2017-0007Google Scholar
Lange, B., & Euler, H. (2014). Writers have groupies, too: High quality literature production and mating success. Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences, 8(1), 2030. doi:10.1037/h0097246Google Scholar
Lassig, C. (2020). A typology of student creativity: Creative personal expression, boundary pushing and task achievement. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 36, 100654. doi:10.1016/j.tsc.2020.100654Google Scholar
Lawson, D., & Mace, R. (2011). Parental investment and the optimization of human family size. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 366, 333343. doi:10.1098/rstb.2010.0297Google Scholar
Lebuda, I. (2016). Political pathologies and Big-C creativity: Eminent Polish creators’ experience of restrictions under the communist regime. In Glăveanu, V. P. (Ed.), The Palgrave handbook of creativity and culture research (pp. 329354). London: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Lebuda, I., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2020). All you need is love: The importance of partner and family relations to highly creative individuals’ well‐being and success. Journal of Creative Behavior, 54, 100114. doi:10.1002/jocb.348Google Scholar
Lebuda, I., Sorokowski, P., Groyecka-Bernard, A., Marczak, M., Gajda, A., Jankowska, D. M., & Karwowski, M. (2021). Creation and procreation: Creative ability and reproductive success outside the WEIRD world. Creativity Research Journal, 33, 19.Google Scholar
Lehman, H. C. (1953). Age and achievement. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Levinson, D. J. (1986). A conception of adult development. American Psychologist, 41, 313.Google Scholar
Levy, B., & Langer, E. (1999). Aging. In Runco, M. A. & Pritzker, S. R. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of creativity (pp. 4552). Cambridge, MA: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Li, N. P., & Kenrick, D. T. (2006). Sex similarities and differences in preferences for short-term mates: What, whether, and why. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90(3), 468489.Google Scholar
Liu, D., Jiang, K., Shalley, C. E., Keem, S., & Zhou, J. (2016). Motivational mechanisms of employee creativity: A meta-analytic examination and theoretical extension of the creativity literature. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 137, 236263. doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2016.08.001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lubart, T. (2017). The 7 C’s of creativity. Journal of Creative Behavior, 51(4), 293296. doi:10.1002/jocb.190Google Scholar
Luyckx, K., Schwartz, S. J., Berzonsky, M. D., Soenens, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Smits, I., & Goossens, L. (2008). Capturing ruminative exploration: Extending the four-dimensional model of identity formation in late adolescence. Journal of Research in Personality, 42(1), 5882. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2007.04.004Google Scholar
Madore, K. P., Jing, H. G., & Schacter, D. L. (2016). Divergent creative thinking in young and older adults: Extending the effects of an episodic specificity induction. Memory & Cognition, 44(6), 974988. doi:10.3758/s13421-016-0605-zGoogle Scholar
Marcia, J. E. (2002). Identity and psychosocial development in adulthood. Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research, 2(1), 728. doi:10.1207/S1532706XID0201_02Google Scholar
Martindale, C. (1999). Biological basis of creativity. In Kaufman, J. C. & Sternberg, R. J. (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of creativity (pp. 137152). New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Maslow, A. H. (1970). Motivation and personality (2nd ed.). New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
McAdams, D. P., & Logan, R. L. (2004). What is generativity? In St. Aubin, E., McAdams, D. P., & Kim, T. C. (Eds.), The generative society: Caring for future generations (pp. 1531). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. doi:10.1037/10622-002Google Scholar
McCormick, C. M., Kuo, S. I. C., & Masten, A. S. (2011). Developmental tasks across the life span. In Fingerman, K. L., Berg, C. A., Smith, J., & Antonucci, T. C. (Eds.), Handbook of life-span development (p. 117139). New York: Springer.Google Scholar
McCrae, R. R., Arenberg, D., & Costa, P. T. (1987). Declines in divergent thinking with age: Cross-sectional, longitudinal, and cross-sequential analyses. Psychology and Aging, 2, 130137. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.2.2.130Google Scholar
Mehta, C. M., Arnett, J. J., Palmer, C. G., & Nelson, L. J. (2020). Established adulthood: A new conception of ages 30 to 45. American Psychologist, 75(4), 431444. doi:10.1037/amp0000600Google Scholar
Miller, G. (1999). Sexual selection for cultural displays. In Dunbar, R., Knight, C., & Power, C. (Eds.), The evolution of culture (pp. 116). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Miller, G. (2000). The mating mind: How sexual choice shaped the evolution of human nature. New York: Doubleday.Google Scholar
Miller, G. (2008). How mate choice shaped human nature: A review of sexual selection and human evolution. In Crawford, C. & Krebs, D. (Eds.), Handbook of evolutionary psychology: Ideas, issues, and applications (pp. 87129). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Miroshnik, K. G., & Shcherbakova, O. V. (2019). The proportion and creativity of “old” and “new” ideas: Are they related to fluid intelligence? Intelligence, 76, 101384. doi:10.1016/j.intell.2019.101384Google Scholar
Mollick, E. (2012). People and process, suits and innovators: The role of individuals in firm performance. Strategic Management Journal, 33, 10011015. doi:10.1002/smj.1958Google Scholar
Nęcka, E. (2001). Psychologia twórczości [Psychology of creativity]. Gdańsk: GWP.Google Scholar
Nęcka, E., Grohman, M., & Slabosz, A. (2006). Creativity studies in Poland. In Kaufman, J. C. & Sternberg, R. J (Eds.). The international handbook of creativity (pp. 270306). New York: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511818240.010Google Scholar
Nettle, D. (2008). Why is creativity attractive in a potential mate? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 31(3), 275276. doi:10.1017/S0140525X08004366Google Scholar
Neubauer, A. C., & Martskvishvili, K. (2018). Creativity and intelligence: A link to different levels of human needs hierarchy?. Heliyon, 4(5). doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00623Google Scholar
Ng, T. W., & Feldman, D. C. (2013). A meta‐analysis of the relationships of age and tenure with innovation‐related behaviour. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 86(4), 585616. doi:10.1111/joop.12031CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palmiero, M. (2015). The effects of age on divergent thinking and creative objects production: A cross-sectional study. High Ability Studies, 26(1), 93104. doi:10.1080/13598139.2015.1029117Google Scholar
Palmiero, M., Di Giacomo, D., & Passafiume, D. (2014). Divergent thinking and age-related changes. Creativity Research Journal, 26(4), 456460. doi:10.1080/10400419.2014.961786Google Scholar
Petkus, E. D. (1996). The creative identity: Creative behavior from the symbolic interactionist perspective. Journal of Creative Behavior, 30(3), 188196. doi:10.1002/j.2162-6057.1996.tb00768.xGoogle Scholar
Petrou, P., van der Linden, D., & Salcescu, O. C. (2018). When breaking the rules relates to creativity: The role of creative problem-solving demands and organizational constraints. Journal of Creative Behavior, 54(1), 184195. doi:10.1002/jocb.354Google Scholar
Piaget, J. (1928/1959). Judgment and reasoning in the child. Huber Heights, OH: Littlefield, Adams. (Original work published in 1928).Google Scholar
Plucker, J. A. (1999). Is the proof in the pudding? Reanalyses of Torrance’s (1958 to present) longitudinal data. Creativity Research Journal, 12(2), 103114. doi:10.1207/s15326934crj1202_3Google Scholar
Prokosch, M., Coss, R., Scheib, J., & Blozis, S. (2009). Intelligence and mate choice: Intelligent men are always appealing. Evolution and Human Behavior, 30(1), 1120. doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2008.07.004Google Scholar
Puryear, J. S., Kettler, T., & Rinn, A. N. (2017). Relationships of personality to differential conceptions of creativity: A systematic review. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 11(1), 5968. doi:10.1037/aca0000079Google Scholar
Reese, H. W., Lee, L. J., Cohen, S. H., & Puckett, J. M. Jr (2001). Effects of intellectual variables, age, and gender on divergent thinking in adulthood. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 25(6), 491500.Google Scholar
Reiter-Palmon, R. (Ed.). (2017). Team creativity and innovation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Reiter-Palmon, R., & Illies, J. J. (2004). Leadership and creativity: Understanding leadership from a creative problem-solving perspective. Leadership Quarterly, 15(1), 5577. doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2003.12.005Google Scholar
Reiter-Palmon, R., Illies, J. J., & Kobe-Cross, L. M. (2009). Conscientiousness is not always a good predictor of performance: The case of creativity. International Journal of Creativity & Problem Solving, 19(2), 2745.Google Scholar
Rhodes, M. (1961). An analysis of creativity. The Phi Delta Kappan, 42(7), 305310.Google Scholar
Richards, R. (1994/2017). Everyday creativity: Coping and thriving in the 21st century. Morrisville, NC: Lulu.Google Scholar
Richards, R. (2007). Everyday creativity: Our hidden potential. In Richards, R. (Ed.), Everyday creativity and new views of human nature (pp. 2554). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. doi:10.1037/11595-001Google Scholar
Richardson, C., & Mishra, P. (2018). Learning environments that support student creativity: Developing the SCALE. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 27, 4554. doi:10.1016/j.tsc.2017.11.004Google Scholar
Root-Bernstein, R. S. (1999). Productivity and age. In Runco, M. A. & Pritzker, S. R. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of creativity (pp. 457463). Cambridge, MA: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Root-Bernstein, R. S., & Root-Bernstein, M. M. (2011). Life stages of creativity. In Runco, M. & Pritzker, S. (Eds.), The encyclopedia of creativity (2nd ed., pp. 4755). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Roskos-Ewoldsen, B., Black, S., & McCown, S. (2008). Age-related changes in creative thinking. Journal of Creative Behavior, 42(1), 3359. doi:10.1002/j.2162-6057.2008.tb01079.xGoogle Scholar
Rothenberg, A. (1990). Creativity in adolescence. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 13(3), 415434.Google Scholar
Rowatt, W., DeLue, S., Strickhouser, L., & Gonzalez, T. (2001). The limited influence of self-monitoring on romantic partner preferences. Personality and Individual Differences, 31(6), 943954. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00197-5Google Scholar
Runco, M. A. (1996). Personal creativity: Definition and developmental issues. New Directions for Child Development, 72, 330. doi:10.1002/cd.23219967203Google Scholar
Runco, M. A. (2014). Creativity. Theories and themes: Research, development, and practice (2nd ed.). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Runco, M. A., & Acar, S. (2012). Divergent thinking as an indicator of creative potential. Creativity Research Journal, 24(1), 6675. doi:10.1080/10400419.2012.652929Google Scholar
Runco, M. A., Hao, N., Acar, S., Yang, J., & Tang, M. (2016). The social “cost” of working in groups and impact on values and creativity. Creativity: Theories–Research–Applications, 3(2), 229243. doi:10.1515/ctra-2016-0015Google Scholar
Russ, S. W. (1993). Affect and creativity: The role of affect and play in creative process. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 6878. doi:10.1037/0003-066x.55.1.68Google Scholar
Sawyer, R. K. (2003). Introduction. In Sawyer, R. K., John-Steiner, V., Moran, S., Sternberg, R. J., Feldman, D. H., Nakamura, J., & Csikszentmihályi, M. (Eds.), Creativity and development (pp. 311). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Schutte, N. S., & Malouff, J. M. (2020). A meta‐analysis of the relationship between curiosity and creativity. Journal of Creative Behavior, 54, 970947. doi:10.1002/jocb.421Google Scholar
Silvia, P. J., Beaty, R. E., Nusbaum, E. C., Eddington, K. M., Levin-Aspenson, H., & Kwapil, T. R. (2014). Everyday creativity in daily life: An experience–sampling study of “little c” creativity. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 8(2), 183188. doi:10.1037/a0035722Google Scholar
Silvia, P. J., Christensen, A. P., & Cotter, K. N. (2016). Commentary: The development of creativity – Ability, motivation, and potential. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 151, 111119. doi:10.1002/cad.20147Google Scholar
Silvia, P. J., Nusbaum, E. C., & Beaty, R. E. (2017). Old or new? Evaluating the old/new scoring method for divergent thinking tasks. Journal of Creative Behavior, 51(3), 216224. doi:10.1002/jocb.101Google Scholar
Silvia, P. J., Wigert, B., Reiter-Palmon, R., & Kaufman, J. C. (2012). Assessing creativity with self-report scales: A review and empirical evaluation. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 6(1), 1934. doi:10.1037/a0024071Google Scholar
Simon, H. A., & Chase, W. G. (1973). Skill in chess. American Scientist, 61, 394403.Google Scholar
Simonton, D. K. (1988). Age and outstanding achievement: What do we know after a century of research? Psychological Bulletin, 104(2), 251267. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.104.2.251Google Scholar
Simonton, D. K. (1994). Greatness: Who makes history and why. New York: Guilford.Google Scholar
Simonton, D. K. (1997). Creative productivity: A predictive and explanatory model of career trajectories and landmarks. Psychological Review, 104(1), 6689. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.104.1.66Google Scholar
Simonton, D. K. (2009). Varieties of (scientific) creativity: A hierarchical model of domain-specific disposition, development, and achievement. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 4, 441452. doi:10.1111/j.1745-6924.2009.01152.xGoogle Scholar
Simonton, D. K. (2012). Creative productivity and aging: An age decrement – or not? In Whitbourne, S. K. & Sliwinski, M. J. (Eds.), Handbooks of developmental psychology. The Wiley-Blackwell handbook of adulthood and aging (pp. 477496). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell. doi:10.1002/9781118392966.ch24Google Scholar
Simonton, D. K. (2017). Creativity and free will: Creative thought enhances personal freedom? In Karwowski, M. & Kaufman, J. C. (Eds.), The creative self: Effect of beliefs, self-efficacy, mindset, and identity (pp. 6584). Cambridge, MA: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Srivastava, S., John, O. P., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. (2003). Development of personality in early and middle adulthood: Set like plaster or persistent change? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(5), 10411053. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.5.1041Google Scholar
Sternberg, R. J. (2002). Creativity as a decision. American Psychologist, 57(5), 376. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.57.5.376aGoogle Scholar
Sternberg, R. J. (2003). The development of creativity as a decision-making process. In Sawyer, R. K., Keith, R., John-Steiner, V., Moran, S., Sternberg, R. J., Feldman, D. H., … Csikszentmihalyi, M. (Eds.), Creativity and development (pp. 91138). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Sternberg, R. J., & Lubart, T. I. (1991). An investment theory of creativity and its development. Human Development, 34, 131. doi:10.1159/000277029Google Scholar
Sternberg, R. J., & Lubart, T. I. (1995). Defying the crowd: Cultivating creativity in a culture of conformity. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Terracciano, A., Costa, P. T. Jr., & McCrae, R. R. (2006). Personality plasticity after age 30. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 32(8), 9991009. doi:10.1177/0146167206288599Google Scholar
Tillier, W. (2018). Personality development through positive disintegration: The work of Kazimierz Dąbrowski. Fort Lauderdale, FL: Bassett.Google Scholar
Tomasco, S. (2018). IBM 2010 Global CEO Study: Creativity selected as most crucial factor for future success. IBM. Retrieved Aug. 10, 2020, from www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/31670Google Scholar
Tsai, K. C. (2012). Play, imagination, and creativity: A brief literature review. Journal of Education and Learning, 1, 1520. doi:10.5539/jel.v1n2p15Google Scholar
Urban, K. K. (2005). Assessing creativity: The Test for Creative Thinking–Drawing Production (TCT-DP). International Education Journal, 6(2), 272280.Google Scholar
von Stumm, S., Chung, A., & Furnham, A. (2011). Creative ability, creative ideation and latent classes of creative achievement: What is the role of personality? Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 5(2), 107114. doi:10.1037/a0020499Google Scholar
Vygotsky, L. S. (1980). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Vygotsky, L. S. (2004). Imagination and creativity in childhood. Journal of Russian & East European Psychology, 42, 797. doi:10.1080/10610405.2004.11059210Google Scholar
Wright, C. A., & Wright, S. D. (1987). The role of mentors in the career development of young professionals. Family Relations, 36(2), 204208. doi:10.2307/583955Google Scholar
Wu, C. H., Cheng, Y., Ip, H. M., & McBride-Chang, C. (2005). Age differences in creativity: Task structure and knowledge base. Creativity Research Journal, 17(4), 321326. doi:10.1207/s15326934crj1704_3Google Scholar
Wu, P. L., & Chiou, W. B. (2008). Postformal thinking and creativity among late adolescents: A post-Piagetian approach. Adolescence, 43(170), 237251.Google Scholar
Zeng, L., Proctor, R. W., & Salvendy, G. (2011). Can traditional divergent thinking tests be trusted in measuring and predicting real-world creativity? Creativity Research Journal, 23(1), 2437. doi:10.1080/10400419.2011.545713Google Scholar
Zhang, G., Li, H., & Yan, S. (2020). The vital few: Exploring the role of expertise in the process of team creativity. Journal of Creative Behavior (Advance online publication). doi:10.1002/jocb.466Google Scholar
Zhao, H., O’Connor, G., Wu, J., & Lumpkin, G. T. (2020). Age and entrepreneurial career success: A review and a meta-analysis. Journal of Business Venturing, 36, 106007. doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2020.106007Google Scholar
Zittoun, T., & de Saint Laurent, C. (2015). Life-creativity: Imagining one’s life. In Glăveanu, V. P., Gillespie, A., & Valsiner, J. (Eds.), Rethinking creativity: Contributions from cultural psychology (pp. 5875). New York: Routledge.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×