Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T17:51:52.316Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

5 - Urban Contact Dialects

from Part One - Multilingualism

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 June 2022

By
Heike Wiese
Edited by
Salikoko Mufwene  and
Anna Maria Escobar
Salikoko Mufwene
Affiliation:
University of Chicago
Anna Maria Escobar
Affiliation:
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
Get access

Summary

Urban contact dialects emerged in urban settings among locally born young people and can serve as markers of a new, multiethnic urban identity. The chapter brings together instances of such dialects from Europe and Africa, two regions where these phenomena have received a lot of attention from contact-linguistic and sociolinguistic perspectives. In both settings, local contexts for urban contact dialects are characterised by an openness to multilingual practices. In African contexts, this multilingual perspective is usually also present at the macro level of the larger society; in Europe, the societal context is generally characterized by a more monolingual (and monoethnic) habitus. The comparative perspective adopted here shows that these differences in macro context support different structural and sociolinguistic outcomes, including contact-induced and contact-facilitated change; urban contact dialects taking the form of multilingual mixed languages or new vernaculars of a national majority language; the possible spread of these dialects to become general markers of youth or modernity; and negative public perceptions involving different language-ideological patterns.

Keywords

urban contact dialectsmultilingual mixed languagescontact-induced changecontact-facilitated changestandard language ideologymonolingual habitusethnicity
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Handbook of Language Contact
Volume 2: Multilingualism in Population Structure
 , pp. 115 - 144
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aarsæther, Finn. 2010. The use of multiethnic youth language in Oslo. In Quist & Svendsen 2010, 111–26.Google Scholar
Aarsæther, Finn, Marzo, Stefania, Nistov, Ingvild, & Ceuleers, Evy. 2015. Indexing locality: Contemporary urban vernaculars in Belgium and Norway. In Nortier & Svendsen 2015, 249–70.Google Scholar
Abdulaziz, Mohamed H. & Osinde, Ken. 1997. Sheng and Engsh: Development of mixed codes among the urban youth in Kenya. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 125.43–63.Google Scholar
Androutsopoulos, Jannis K. 2011. Die Erfindung “des” Ethnolekts. Zeitschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Linguistik 164.93–120.Google Scholar
Barasa, Sandra Nekesa. 2018. African youth languages. In The Routledge handbook of African linguistics, ed. by Agwuele, Augustine & Bodomo, Adams, 409–26. London & New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Beck, Rose Marie. 2010. Urban languages in Africa. Africa Spectrum 45.3.11–41.Google Scholar
Bijvoet, Ellen & Fraurud, Kari. 2010. Rinkeby Swedish in the mind of the beholder. In Quist & Svendsen 2010, 170–88.Google Scholar
Blommaert, Jan, Rampton, Ben, & Spotti, Massimiliano (eds.). 2011. Language and Superdiversities, special issue of Diversities 13.2.Google Scholar
Blommaert, Jan & Verschueren, Jef. 1998. Debating diversity. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Bodén, Petra. 2004. A new variety of Swedish? In Proceedings of the Tenth Australian International Conference on Speech Science and Technology, ed. by Cassidy, Steve, Cox, Felicity, Mannell, Robert, & Palethorpe, Sallyanne, 475–80. Sydney: Australian Speech Science and Technology Association.Google Scholar
Bristowe, Anthea, Oostendorp, Marcelyn, & Anthonissen, Christine. 2014. Language and youth identity in a multilingual setting: A multimodal repertoire approach. Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 32.2.229–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brookes, Heather. 2014. Urban youth languages in South Africa: A case study of Tsotsitaal in a South African township. Anthropological Linguistics 56.3–4.356–88.Google Scholar
Brookes, Heather & Kouassi, Roland. 2018. The language of youth in Africa. In The Routledge handbook of African linguistics, ed. by Agwuele, Augustine & Bodomo, Adams, 391–408. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Canut, Cécile. 2009. Discourse, community, identity: Processes of linguistic homogenization in Bamako. In The languages of urban Africa, ed. by McLaughlin, Fiona, 86–102. London: Continuum.Google Scholar
Cheshire, Jenny, Kerswill, Paul, Fox, Susan, & Torgersen, Eivind. 2011. Contact, the feature pool and the speech community: The emergence of Multicultural London English. Journal of Sociolinguistics 15.2.151–96.Google Scholar
Cheshire, Jenny, Nortier, Jacomine, & Adger, David. 2015. Emerging multiethnolects in Europe. Queen Mary’s OPAL 33.Google Scholar
Classen, Albrecht. 2013. Multilingualism in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age: The literary-historical evidence. Neophilologus 97.1.131–45.Google Scholar
Clyne, Michael. 2000. Lingua franca and ethnolects in Europe and beyond. Sociolinguistica 14.1.83–9.Google Scholar
Cook, Vivian. 1997. Monolingual bias in second language acquisition research. Revista Canaria de Estudios Ingleses 34.35–50.Google Scholar
Cornips, Leonie. 2008. Losing grammatical gender in Dutch: The result of bilingual acquisition and/or an act of identity? International Journal of Bilingualism 12.1&2.105–24.Google Scholar
Cornips, Leonie, Jaspers, Jürgen, & de Rooij, Vincent. 2015. The politics of labelling youth vernaculars in the Netherlands and Belgium. In Nortier & Svendsen 2015, 45–69.Google Scholar
Davies, Winifred V. 2012. Myths we live and speak by: Ways of imagining and managing language and languages. In Standard languages and multilingualism in European history, ed. by Hüning, Matthias, Vogl, Ulrike, & Moliner, Olivier, 45–69. Amsterdam: Benjamins.Google Scholar
Dirim, İnci & Auer, Peter. 2004. Türkisch sprechen nicht nur die Türken. Über die Unschärfebeziehungen zwischen Sprache und Ethnie in Deutschland. Berlin: de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Dorleijn, Margreet, Mous, Maarten, & Nortier, Jacomine. 2015. Urban youth styles in Kenya and the Netherlands. In Nortier & Svendsen 2015, 271–89.Google Scholar
Ekberg, Lena, Opsahl, Toril, & Wiese, Heike. 2015. Functional gains: A cross-linguistic case study of three particles in Swedish, Norwegian and German. In Nortier & Svendsen 2015, 93–115.Google Scholar
Espiritu, Yen Le. 2013. Panethnicity. In Routledge handbook of migration studies, ed. by Gold, Steven J. & Nawyn, Stephanie J., 261–71. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Extra, Guus & Gorter, Durk. 2008. Linguistic and ethnic minorities. In Sociolinguistics. An international handbook of the science of language and society, 2nd ed., vol. 2, ed. by Ammon, Ulrich, Dittmar, Norbert, Mattheier, Klaus J., & Trudgill, Peter, 1506–20. Berlin: de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Féral, Caroline de. 2010. “Pourquoi on doit seulement speak comme les white?” Appropriation vernaculaire du français chez les jeunes au Cameroun. In La syntaxe de l’oral dans les variétés non hexagonales de français, ed. by Drescher, Martina & Neumann-Holzschuh, Ingrid, 53–64. Tübingen: Stauffenburg.Google Scholar
Fought, Carmen. 2002. Ethnicity. In The handbook of language variation and change, ed. by Chambers, Jack K., Trudgill, Peter, & Schilling-Estes, Nathalie, 444–72. London: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Fox, Sue, Khan, Arfaan, & Torgersen, Eiving. 2011. The emergence and diffusion of Multicultural London English. In Kern & Selting 2011, 19–44.Google Scholar
Fraurud, Kari & Boyd, Sally. 2011. The native–non-native speaker distinction and the diversity of linguistic profiles of young people in multilingual urban contexts in Sweden. In Källström & Lindberg 2011, 67–87.Google Scholar
Freywald, Ulrike, Cornips, Leonie, Ganuza, Natalia, Nistov, Ingvild, & Opsahl, Toril. 2015. Beyond verb second – a matter of novel information-structural effects? Evidence from Norwegian, Swedish, German and Dutch. In Nortier & Svendsen 2015, 73–92.Google Scholar
Freywald, Ulrike, Mayr, Katharina, Özçelik, Tiner, & Wiese, Heike. 2011. Kiezdeutsch as a multiethnolect. In Kern & Selting 2011, 45–73.Google Scholar
Gadet, Françoise & Hambye, Philippe. 2018. The metropolization of French worldwide. In Manual of Romance sociolinguistics, ed. by Ayres-Bennett, Wendy & Carruthers, Janice, 724–44. Berlin: de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Ganuza, Natalia. 2008. Syntactic variation in the Swedish of adolescents in multilingual urban settings. Subject-verb order in declaratives, questions and subordinate clauses. Doctoral dissertation, Stockholm University.Google Scholar
Gogolin, Ingrid. 2002. Linguistic and cultural diversity in Europe: A challenge for educational research and practice. European Education and Research Journal 1.1.123–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goyvaerts, Didier L. 1988. Indoubil: A Swahili hybrid in Bukavu (with comments on Indu Bill by K. Kabongo-Mianda). Language in Society 17.231–42.Google Scholar
Haglund, Charlotte. 2005. Social interaction and identification among adolescents in multilingual suburban Sweden. Doctoral dissertation, Stockholm University.Google Scholar
Halliday, Michael Alexander Kirkwood. 1978. Language as social semiotic: The social interpretation of language and meaning. London: Edward Arnold.Google Scholar
Harchaoui, Sarah. 2015. La notion de multiethnolecte dans le contexte scandinave. In Diversité des langues – les universaux linguistiques à l’épreuve des faits de langue, Actes de COLDOC 2014 (Nanterre, 13–14 novembre 2014), ed. by Barreca, Giulia, Luong, Trang, Martin, Laure, & Wang, Ilaine, 61–77. Available at https://docplayer.fr/45063070-Diversite-des-langues.html, accessed December 16, 2021.Google Scholar
Hewitt, Roger. 1992. Language, youth and the destabilization of ethnicity. In Ethnicity in youth culture, ed. by Palmgren, Cecilia, Lövgren, Karin, & Bolin, Goran, 27–41. Stockholm: Stockholm University.Google Scholar
Hinskens, Frans. 2007. New types of nonstandard Dutch. In Standard, variation, and language change in Germanic languages, ed. by Fandrych, Christian & Salverda, Reinier, 281–300. Tübingen: Narr.Google Scholar
Hollington, Andrea & Nassenstein, Nico. 2017. From the hood to public discourse: The social spread of African youth languages. Anthropological Linguistics 59.4.390–413.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hurst, Ellen. 2008. Style, structure and function in Cape Town Tsotsitaal. Doctoral dissertation, University of Cape Town.Google Scholar
Hurst, Ellen (ed.). 2014. Tsotsitaal studies: Urban youth language practices in South Africa. Special edition of South African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 32.2.Google Scholar
Jarva, Vesa. 2008. Old Helsinki Slang and language mixing. Journal of Language Contact – Varia 1.52–80.Google Scholar
Kachru, Yamuna. 1994. Monolingual bias in SLA research. TESOL Quarterly 28.795–800.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kallio, Petri. 2007. How Uralic is Stadin Slangi? In Language and identity in the Finno-Ugric world, ed. by Blokland, Rogier & Hasselblatt, Cornelius, 176–91. Maastricht: Shaker.Google Scholar
Kallmeyer, Werner & Keim, Inken. 2003. Linguistic variation and the construction of social identity in a German-Turkish setting. A case study of an immigrant youth-group in Mannheim, Germany. In Discourse constructions of youth identities, ed. by Androutsopoulos, Jannis & Georgakopoulou, Alexandra, 29–46. Amsterdam: Benjamins.Google Scholar
Källström, Roger & Lindberg, Inger (eds.). 2011. Young urban Swedish. Variation and change in multilingual settings. Gothenburg: University of Gothenburg.Google Scholar
Kamdem Fonkoua, Hector. 2015. A dictionary of Camfranglais. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Keim, Inken. 2007. Die “türkischen Powergirls.” Lebenswelt und kommunikativer Stil einer Migrantinnengruppe in Mannheim. Tübingen: Narr.Google Scholar
Keim, Inken. 2010. Sprachkontakt: Ethnische Varietäten. In Deutsch als Fremd- und Zweitsprache, ed. by Krumm, Hans-Jürgen, Fandrych, Christian, Hufeisen, Britta, & Riemer, Claudia, 447–57. Berlin: de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Kern, Friederike & Selting, Margret (eds.). 2011. Ethnic styles of speaking in European metropolitan areas. Amsterdam: Benjamins.Google Scholar
Kerswill, Paul. 2014. The objectification of “Jafaican”: The discoursal embedding of Multicultural London English in the British media. In The media and sociolinguistic change, ed. by Androutsopoulos, Jannis, 428–55. Berlin: de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Kießling, Roland. 2005. bàk mwà mè dó Camfranglais in Cameroon. Lingua Posnaniensis 47.55–75.Google Scholar
Kießling, Roland & Mous, Maarten. 2004. Urban youth languages in Africa. Anthropological Linguistics 46.3.303–41.Google Scholar
Kotsinas, Ulla-Britt. 1988. Immigrant children’s Swedish – a new variety? Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 9.1–2.129–40.Google Scholar
Kotsinas, Ulla-Britt. 1992. Immigrant adolescents’ Swedish in multicultural areas. In Ethnicity in youth culture, ed. by Palmgren, Cecilia, Lövgren, Karin, & Bolin, Göran, 43–62. Stockholm: Stockholm University.Google Scholar
Kotthoff, Helga. 2010. Ethno-Comedy und riskanter Humor in der Clique: Rassistisch, einfach spaßig oder besonders cool? In Cross-cultural Europe, ed. by Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, Barbara & Pulaczewska, Hanna, 145–81. Munich: ibidem.Google Scholar
Kouadio N’Guessan, Jérémie. 2006. Le nouchi et les rapports dioula-français. Le français en Afrique 21.177–92.Google Scholar
Kube-Barth, Sabine. 2009. The multiple facets of the urban language form Nouchi. In McLaughlin 2009c, 103–14.Google Scholar
Labov, William. 2001. Principles of linguistic change, vol. 2: Social factors. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Lehtonen, Heini. 2011. Developing multiethnic youth language in Helsinki. In Kern & Selting 2011, 291–318.Google Scholar
Lewis, M. Paul, Simons, Gary F., & Fennig, Charles D. (eds.). 2016. Ethnologue: Languages of the world, 19th ed. Dallas, TX: SIL International.Google Scholar
Lobé-Ewane, Michel. 1989. Cameroun: Le Camfranglais. Diagonales 10.33–4.Google Scholar
McLaughlin, Fiona. 2008. The ascent of Wolof as an urban vernacular and national lingua franca in Senegal. In Vigouroux & Mufwene 2008, 142–70.Google Scholar
McLaughlin, Fiona. 2009a. Introduction to the languages of urban Africa. In McLaughlin 2009c, 1–18.Google Scholar
McLaughlin, Fiona. 2009b. Senegal’s early cities and the making of an urban language. In McLaughlin 2009c, 71–85.Google Scholar
McLaughlin, Fiona (ed.). 2009c. The languages of urban Africa. London: Continuum.Google Scholar
Matras, Yaron. 2009. Language contact. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meakins, Felicity. 2013. Mixed languages. In Contact languages: A comprehensive guide, ed. by Bakker, Peter & Matras, Yaron, 159–228. Berlin: de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Meel, Linda van. 2016. The roots of ethnolects. A sociophonological study in Amsterdam and Nijmegen. Amsterdam: LOT.Google Scholar
Mensah, Eyo (ed.). 2016a. The dynamics of youth language in Africa. Special edition of Sociolinguistic Studies 10.1–2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mensah, Eyo. 2016b. Introduction. In Mensah 2016a, 1–14.Google Scholar
Mesthrie, Rajend & Hurst, Ellen. 2013. Slang, code-switching and restructured urban varieties in South Africa. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 28.1.103–30.Google Scholar
Milani, Tommaso M. 2010. What’s in a name? Language ideology and social differentiation in a Swedish print-mediated debate. Journal of Sociolinguistics 14.1.116–42.Google Scholar
Milroy, James & Milroy, Lesley. 1999. Authority in language: Investigating Standard English. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Moran, Anthony. 2014. Identity, race, and ethnicity. In Routledge handbook of identity studies, ed. by Elliott, Anthony, 170–85. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Mufwene, Salikoko S. 2001. The ecology of language evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mufwene, Salikoko. 2008. Language evolution: Contact, competition, and change. London: Continuum.Google Scholar
Mufwene, Salikoko S. & Vigouroux, Cécile B.. 2008. Colonization, globalization and language vitality in Africa: An introduction. In Vigouroux & Mufwene 2008, 1–31.Google Scholar
Muyskens, Pieter. 2013. Ethnolects of Dutch. In The Dutch language in time and space, ed. by Hinskens, Frans & Taeldeman, Johan, 739–61. Berlin: de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Nassenstein, Nico. 2014. A grammatical study of the youth language Yanké. Munich: Lincom.Google Scholar
Nassenstein, Nico & Hollington, Andrea (eds.). 2015. Youth language practices in Africa and beyond. Berlin: de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Noble, Greg. 2009. Everyday cosmopolitanism and the labour of intercultural community. In Everyday multiculturalism, ed. by Wise, Amanda & Velayutham, Selvaraj, 46–65. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nortier, Jacomine. 2001. “Fawaka, what’s up?” Language use among adolescents in Dutch mono-ethnic and ethnically mixed groups. In Meetings at the crossroads. Studies of multilingualism and multiculturalism in Oslo and Utrecht, ed. by Hvenekilde, Anne & Nortier, Jacomine, 61–73. Oslo: Novus Forlag.Google Scholar
Nortier, Jacomine. 2018. Language and identity practices among multilingual Western European youths. Language and Linguistics Compass 2018.12.Google Scholar
Nortier, Jacomine & Dorleijn, Margreet. 2013. Multi-ethnolects: Kebabnorsk, Perkerdansk, Verlan, Kanakensprache, Straattaal, etc. In Contact languages: A comprehensive guide, ed. by Bakker, Peter & Matras, Yaron, 229–71. Berlin: de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Nortier, Jacomine & Svendsen, Bente A. (eds.). 2015. Language, youth, and identity in the 21st century. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Opsahl, Toril & Nistov, Ingvild. 2010. On some structural aspects of Norwegian spoken among adolescents in multilingual settings in Oslo. In Quist & Svendsen 2010, 49–64.Google Scholar
Pavlenko, Aneta. 2018. Superdiversity and why it isn’t. Reflections on terminological innovation and academic branding. In Sloganizations in language education discourse, ed. by Schmenk, Barbara, Breidbach, Stephan, & Küster, Lutz, 142–68. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
Pennycook, Alastair & Otsuji, Emi. 2015. Metrolingualism. Language in the city. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Pfaff, Carol. 1991. Turkish in contact with German: Language maintenance and loss among immigrant children in Berlin (West). International Journal of the Sociology of Language 90.97–129.Google Scholar
Pooley, Tim. 2008. Analyzing urban youth vernaculars in French cities. In Studies in French Applied Linguistics, ed. by Ayoun, Dalila, 317–44. Amsterdam: Benjamins.Google Scholar
Poplack, Shana & Levey, Stephen. 2010. Contact-induced grammatical change: A cautionary tale. In Language and space. An international handbook of linguistic variation, ed. by Auer, Peter & Erich Schmidt, Jürgen, 391–419. Berlin: de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Putzo, Christine. 2011. Mehrsprachigkeit im europäischen Kontext. In Mehrsprachigkeit im Mittelalter, ed. by Baldzuhn, Michael & Putzo, Christine, 3–34. Berlin: de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Quist, Pia. 2000. Ny kobenhavnsk “multietnolekt.” Om sprIgbrug blandt unge i sprogligt og kulturelt heterogene miljoer. In Danske Talesprog, vol. 1, 143–212. Copenhagen: C. A. Reitzels Forlag.Google Scholar
Quist, Pia. 2008. Sociolinguistic approaches to multiethnolect: Language variety and stylistic practice. International Journal of Bilingualism 12.1&2.43–61.Google Scholar
Quist, Pia & Svendsen, Bente Ailin (eds.). 2010. Multilingual urban Scandinavia: New linguistic practices. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
Rampton, Ben. 1995. Crossing: Language and ethnicity among adolescents. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Rampton, Ben. 2015. Contemporary urban vernaculars. In Nortier & Svendsen 2015, 24–44.Google Scholar
Rehbein, Jochen, Herkenrath, Annette, & Karakoç, Birsel. 2009. Turkish in Germany – on contact-induced language change of an immigrant language in the multilingual landscape of Europe. STUF 62.3.171–204.Google Scholar
Reuster-Jahn, Uta & Kießling, Roland. 2006. Lugha ya mitaani in Tanzania: The poetics and sociology of a young urban style of speaking. Swahili Forum 13.1–196.Google Scholar
Rothman, Jason & Treffers-Daller, Jeanine. 2014. A prolegomenon to the construct of the native speaker: Heritage speaker bilinguals are natives too! Applied Linguistics 35.1.93–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schröder, Anne. 2007. Camfranglais – a language with several (sur)faces and important sociolinguistic functions. In Global fragments: (Dis)Orientation in the New World Order, ed. by Bartels, Anke & Wieman, Dirk, 281–98. Amsterdam: Rodopi.Google Scholar
Schroeder, Christoph. 2013. Sprachliche Vielfalt und Sprache in der Migrationsdebatte in Deutschland. In Vielfalt als Leitmotiv, ed. by Krüger-Potratz, Marianne & Schroeder, Christoph, 119–26. Göttingen: V&R unipress.Google Scholar
Selting, Margret & Kern, Friederike. 2009. On some syntactic and prosodic structures of Turkish German in talk-in-interaction. Journal of Pragmatics 41.12.2496–514.Google Scholar
Slabbert, Sarah & Myers-Scotton, Carol. 1996. The structure of Tsotsitaal and Iscamtho: Code switching and in-group identity in South African townships. Linguistics 34.317–42.Google Scholar
Smit, Merlijn de. 2010. Modelling mixed languages: Some remarks on the case of Old Helsinki Slang. Journal of Language Contact – VARIA 3.1–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stroud, Christopher. 2004. Rinkeby Swedish and semilingualism in language idelogical debates: A Bourdieuean perspective. Journal of Sociolinguistics 8.2.196–214.Google Scholar
Svendsen, Bente Ailin & Røyneland, Unn. 2008. Multiethnolectal facts and functions in Oslo, Norway. International Journal of Bilingualism 12.1&2.63–83.Google Scholar
Thomason, Sarah. 2001. Language contact: An introduction. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar
United Nations, Department of Economics and Social Affairs / Population Division. 2014. World urbanization prospects, the 2014 revision. New York: United Nations.Google Scholar
Velde, John te. 2017. Temporal adverbs in the Kiezdeutsch left periphery: Combining late merge with deaccentuation for V3. Studia Linguistica 71.3.301–36.Google Scholar
Velupillai, Viveka. 2015. Pidgins, creoles and mixed languages. An introduction. Amsterdam: Benjamins.Google Scholar
Vertovec, Steven. 2007. Super-diversity and its implications. Ethnic and Racial Studies 30.6.1024–54.Google Scholar
Vigouroux, Cécile B. & Mufwene, Salikoko S. (eds.). 2008. Globalization and language vitality. Perspectives from Africa. London: Continuum.Google Scholar
Vogl, Ulrike. 2012. Multilingualism in a standard language culture. In Standard languages and multilingualism in European history, ed. by Hüning, Matthias, Vogl, Ulrike, & Moliner, Olivier, 1–42. Amsterdam: Benjamins.Google Scholar
Walkden, George. 2017. Language contact and V3 in Germanic varieties new and old. Journal of Comparative Germanic Linguistics 20.1.49–81.Google Scholar
Wiese, Heike. 2009. Grammatical innovation in multiethnic urban Europe. Lingua 119.782–806.Google Scholar
Wiese, Heike. 2012. Kiezdeutsch. Ein neuer Dialekt entsteht. München: C.H. Beck.Google Scholar
Wiese, Heike. 2013. What can new urban dialects tell us about internal language dynamics? Linguistische Berichte 19.208–45.Google Scholar
Wiese, Heike. 2015. “This migrants’ babble is not a German dialect!” – The interaction of standard language ideology and “us”/“them”-dichotomies in the public discourse on a multiethnolect. Language in Society 44.3.341–68.Google Scholar
Wiese, Heike & Pohle, Maria. 2016. “Ich geh Kino” oder “… ins Kino”? Gebrauchsrestriktionen nichtkanonischer Lokalangaben. Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft 35.2.171–216.Google Scholar
Zentella, Ana Celia. 2007. “Dime con quién hablas, y te diré quién eres”: Linguistic (in)security and Latino/a unity. In Companion to Latina/o Studies, ed. by Flores, Juan & Rosaldo, Renato, 25–37. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×