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12 - Mixed Languages

from Part Two - Contact, Emergence, and Language Classification

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 June 2022

By
Felicity Meakins  and
Jesse Stewart
Edited by
Salikoko Mufwene  and
Anna Maria Escobar
Salikoko Mufwene
Affiliation:
University of Chicago
Anna Maria Escobar
Affiliation:
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
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Summary

Mixed languages are a type of contact language that results from two or more languages combining in a situation of multilingualism. They arise during times of significant social change, serving as an expression of a new identity or the maintenance of an older identity. This chapter overviews languages which have been classified as “mixed languages” (§2) and presents case studies of a number of these languages within a typological classification: (i) Lexicon-Grammar (LG) mixed languages, where one language provides the grammar and another language contributes large amounts of vocabulary; (ii) structural mixes, where both languages contribute significant amounts of grammatical (and lexical) material to the new language; and (iii) converted languages, where a language maintains its lexicon but undergoes structural convergence with another language (§3). The chapter then discusses their contemporary functions (§4.1), their socio-historical origins (§4.2), and the linguistic processes (§5) that led to their genesis. Section 6 provides the first detailed discussion of the phonology of the mixed languages. As will be shown, the mixed languages originate from a range of socio-historical settings and linguistic processes that do not obviously predict the resultant shape of the language.

Keywords

mixed languagespidgin and creole languageslanguage contactcontact phonology
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Handbook of Language Contact
Volume 2: Multilingualism in Population Structure
 , pp. 310 - 343
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

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