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6 - The Impact of Implicit Racial Bias in Racial Health Disparities: A Practical Problem with Theoretical Implications

from Section II - Do Measures of Implicit Bias Predict Cognition and Behavior?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 December 2024

By
Louis A. Penner ,
John F. Dovidio ,
Nao Hagiwara  and
Terrance L. Albrecht
Edited by
Jon A. Krosnick ,
Tobias H. Stark  and
Amanda L. Scott
Jon A. Krosnick
Affiliation:
Stanford University, California
Tobias H. Stark
Affiliation:
Utrecht University, The Netherlands
Amanda L. Scott
Affiliation:
The Strategy Team, Columbus, Ohio
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Summary

On average, Black Americans’ health is poorer than that of White Americans. We examine three pathways by which implicit racial bias may contribute to racial health disparities. First, implicit and explicit racial bias cause racial discrimination, producing chronic stress and limited access to resources among Black targets of discrimination. This directly and negatively affects their health. This pathway has substantial empirical support. Second, physician implicit racial bias negatively affects treatment recommendations to Black patients, causing racial health disparities. Although intuitively appealing, currently there is little empirical support for this pathway. Third, physician implicit racial bias negatively influences the quality of healthcare interactions with Black patients, causing racial health disparities. This pathway has substantial empirical support. We conclude by highlighting differences in the ways social cognition and applied health disparity researchers study implicit racial bias, and make an argument for the benefits of dialogue and mutual collaborations between these two groups.

Keywords

applied disparity researchdiscriminationImplicit Association Testimplicit racial biasracial attitudesracial health disparitiesracial healthcare disparities
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Handbook of Implicit Bias and Racism , pp. 173 - 221
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2025

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