Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T15:16:56.436Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

13 - Heritage Languages in South America

from Part I - Heritage Languages around the World

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 November 2021

By
John M. Lipski
Edited by
Silvina Montrul  and
Maria Polinsky
Silvina Montrul
Affiliation:
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
Maria Polinsky
Affiliation:
University of Maryland, College Park
Get access

Summary

This chapter explores a representative cross-section of heritage languages, in Spanish-speaking Latin American nations and in Brazil. The presentation is organized by the circumstances that gave rise to heritage language enclaves: voluntary immigration, including recruitment efforts by Latin American governments, immigration of religious minorities. Immigration resulting from contract labor, and continent-internal migration, often resulting from economic hardship. None of the heritage languages enjoys official recognition, but some encompass entire communities while others have dwindled to small groups of speakers. Among the heritage languages examined are German and Mennonite Low German, Italian, Ukrainian, Polish, Haitian Creole, Japanese, and American, British, and Creole English as well as transplanted varieties of Spanish and Portuguese. Attitudes toward heritage languages as well as linguistic self-esteem of speakers are equally diverse, ranging from ethnic pride to scorn, and the discussion includes an overview of circumstances that both favor and endanger heritage language maintenance.

Keywords

Latin AmericaCreole EnglishHaitian CreoleGermanMennonite Low GermanItalianPolishUkrainianJapaneseEnglish
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Handbook of Heritage Languages and Linguistics , pp. 305 - 350
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abouchaar, A. 2013. Educación bilingüe en San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina, y la revitalización del continuo del creole [Bilingual Education in San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina, and the Revitalization of the Creole Continuum]. In Ochoa Sierra, L. (ed.), Investigación e innovación educativa: panorama general [Educational Research and Innovation: Overview]. Bogotá: National University of Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Investigación en Educación [Faculty of Sciences, Institute for Research in Education], 41–60.Google Scholar
Aceto, M. 1995. Variation in a Secret Creole Language of Panama. Language in Society 24(4), 537–560.Google Scholar
Aceto, M. 1996. Variation in a Variety of Panamanian Creole English. Doctoral dissertation, University of Texas at Austin.Google Scholar
Aceto, M. 1998. A New Creole Future Tense Marker Emerges in the Panamanian West Indies. American Speech 73(1), 29–43.Google Scholar
Adachi, N. 2001. Japanese Brazilians: The Japanese Language Communities in Brazil. Studies in the Linguistic Sciences 31(1), 161–178.Google Scholar
Agozzino, M. T. 2006. Transplanted Traditions: An Assessment of Welsh Lore and Language in Argentina. E-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies 1, 39–67.Google Scholar
Aimasso, A. 2016. Cocoliche. Necesidad, esfuerzo, identidad y, quizá, un idioma [Cocoliche. Need, Effort, Identity and, Perhaps, a Language]. Bachelor’s thesis, Venice: Ca’Foscari University.Google Scholar
Akmir, A. (ed.) 2009. Los árabes en América Latina: historia de una emigración [Arabs in Latin America: History of an Emigration]. Madrid: Siglo XXI de España Editores.Google Scholar
Albuquerque, J. L. C. (2009). A dinâmica das fronteiras: deslocamento e circulação dos” brasiguaios” entre os limites nacionais [The Dynamics of Borders: Displacement and Circulation of “brasiguaios” between National Limits]. Horizontes Antropológicos [Anthropological Horizons] 15(31), 137–166.Google Scholar
Alessi, M. L. B. 2013. A Migração de Haitianos para o Brasil [Migration of Haitians to Brazil]. Conjuntura Global [Global Environment] 2(2), 82–86.Google Scholar
Altenhofen, C. V. 1996. Hunsrückisch in Rio Grande do Sul: ein Beitrag zur Beschreibung einer deutschbrasilianischen Dialektvarietät im Kontakt mit dem Portugiesischen [Hunsrückisch in Rio Grande do Sul: A Contribution to the Description of a German-Brazilian Dialect Variety in Contact with Portuguese]. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag.Google Scholar
Almeida, T. A. de and Santi, V. J.. 2018. Somos migrantes: o uso das redes sociais na produção midiática alternativa sobre a migração venezuelana em Roraima [We Are Migrants: The Use of Social Networks in Alternative Media Production on Venezuelan Migration in Roraima]. Aturá-Revista Pan-Amazônica de Comunicação [Aturá-Pan-Amazonian Journal of Communication] 2(1), 136–156.Google Scholar
Altenhofen, C. V. and Frey, J.. 2006. Das bresilionische Deitsch unn die deitsche Bresilioner: en Hunsrickisch Red fo die Sprocherechte. Revista Contingentia [Contingentia Magazine] 1(1), 39–50.Google Scholar
Alves, I. M. and Maroneze, B. O.. 2004. Italianismos na língua portuguesa contemporânea [Italianisms in Contemporary Portuguese]. Revista de Italianistica [Italianistica Magazine] 9, 29–36.Google Scholar
Arbeláez, J. A. 2006. Estudio sociolingüístico de San Andrés, isla: un aporte a la cultura sanandresana [Sociolinguistic Study of San Andrés Island: A Contribution to the Culture of San Andrés]. Cuadernos del Caribe [Caribbean Notebooks] 4(8), 42–55.Google Scholar
Armilato, T. G. 2010. A comunicação no rádio e a preservação de uma identidade lingüística regional: o Italian [Radio Communication and the Preservation of a Regional Linguistic Identity: Italian]. Master’s thesis, Caixas do Sul: Universidade de [University of] Caixas do Sul.Google Scholar
Audebert, C. 2017. The Recent Geodynamics of Haitian Migration in the Americas: Refugees or Economic Migrants? Revista Brasileira de Estudos de População [Brazilian Journal of Population Studies] 34(1), 55–71.Google Scholar
Avella, F. 2002. La diáspora creole anglófona del Caribe Occidental [The Anglophone Creole Diaspora of the Western Caribbean]. Jangwa Pana 2(1), 3–16.Google Scholar
Bandeira, M. T. and Zimmer, M. C.. 2012. The Dynamics of Interlinguistic Transfer of VOT Patterns in Multilingual Children. Linguagem & Ensino [Language and Teaching] (Pelotas) 15(2), 341–364.Google Scholar
Barnes, H. 2009. A Sociolinguistic Study of Sustained Veneto-Spanish Bilingualism in Chipilo, Mexico. Doctoral dissertation, The Pennsylvania State University.Google Scholar
Barnes, H. 2017. Language Ideologies in an Immigrant Language Setting: The Case of a European Language in Mexico. Caribbean Studies 45, 21–41.Google Scholar
Barrios, G. 1999. Etnicidad y lenguaje: la aculturación sociolingüística de los inmigrantes italianos en Montevideo [Ethnicity and Language: The Sociolinguistic Acculturation of Italian Immigrants in Montevideo]. Doctoral dissertation, Bahia Blanca: Universidad Nacional del Sur [National University of the South].Google Scholar
Barrios, G. 2003. Mantenimiento y cambio de lengua en los inmigrantes italianos residentes en Montevideo [Maintenance and Language Change in Italian Immigrants Living in Montevideo]. In Barrios, G. (ed.), Aspectos de la cultura italiana en el Uruguay [Aspects of Italian Culture in Uruguay]. Montevideo: Ministerio de Educación y Cultura [Ministry of Education and Culture], 43–87.Google Scholar
Barrios, G. and Mazzolini, S.. 1994. El proceso de acomodación lingüística en los migrantes italianos residentes en Montevideo [The Process of Linguistic Accommodation in Italian Migrants Residing in Montevideo]. In Elizaincín, A. and Madfes, I. (eds.), Analis del discurso [Discourse Analysis]. Montevideo: Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación [Faculty of Humanities and Educational Sciences], 57–69.Google Scholar
Barrios, G., Mazzolini, S., and Orlando, V.. 1994. Lengua, cultura e identidad: los italianos en el Uruguay actual [Language, Culture and Identity: Italians in Today’s Uruguay]. In Álvarez de Lasowski, S. (ed.), Presencia italiana en la cultura uruguaya [Italian Presence in Uruguayan Culture]. Montevideo: Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación [Faculty of Humanities and Educational Sciences], 97–115.Google Scholar
Barros, F. H. T. de and Philippsen, N. I.. 2013. O hunsrückisch: entre o hochdeutsch e o português brasileiro: o caso do rádio na comunidade teuto-gaúcha norte mato-grossense [Hunsrückisch: Between Hochdeutsch and Brazilian Portuguese: The Case of Radio in the Teuto-Gaúcha Community in Northern Mato Grosso]. Revista de Letras Norte@ mentos 6(12), 111–132.Google Scholar
Bartens, A. 2013. San Andres Creole English. In Michaelis, S. M., Maurer, P., Haspelmath, M., and Huber, M. (eds.), The Survey of Pidgin and Creole Languages, vol. 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 101–114.Google Scholar
Basso, C. 2002. El último secreto de Colonia Dignidad [The Last Secret of Colonia Dignidad]. Santiago de Chile: Editorial Mare Nostrum.Google Scholar
Beilke, N. S. V. 2013a. Pomerano: uma variedade germânica em Minas Gerais [Pomeranian: A Germanic Variety in Minas Gerais]. Anais do SILEL [Annals of SILEL] 3(1), 1–14.Google Scholar
Beilke, N. S. V. 2013b. Do nativo ao pomerano: as línguas, os dialetos e falares vivos de um Brasil pouco conhecido [From Native to Pomeranian: Languages, Dialects and Living Words of a Little-Known Brazil]. Domínios de Lingu@gem 7(1), 263–283.Google Scholar
Benincá, L. R. 2009. Dificuldade no domínio de fonemas do português por crianças bilíngues de português e pomerano [Difficulty Mastering Portuguese Phonemes by Bilingual Portuguese and Pomeranian Children]. Revista (Con) textos Linguísticos [Journal (With) Linguistic Texts] 3.3(1), 53–70.Google Scholar
Berger, I. R. 2011. Por políticas linguístico-educacionais sensíveis ao contexto da Tríplice Fronteira Argentina-Brasil-Paraguai [For Linguistic-Educational Policies Sensitive to the Context of the Argentina-Brazil-Paraguay Triple Border]. Ideação [Ideation] 13(2), 33–44.Google Scholar
Bermúdez, C. R. 2017. “Voy después de ti.” Aproximación etnográfica a las redes migratorias de haitianos en Venezuela [“I’m Going after You.” Ethnographic Approach to the Migratory Networks of Haitians in Venezuela]. Espacio abierto: cuaderno venezolano de sociología [Open Space: Venezuelan Sociology Notebook] 26(3), 139–163.Google Scholar
Bianchezzi, C., Machiavelli, D. M., Bertuzzi, L. L., and Kophal, M. S. C.. 2012. A construção e a prática do programa bilíngue em região de fronteira internacional Brasil-Argentina [The Construction and Practice of the Bilingual Program in a Brazil-Argentina International Border Region]. Revista Cadernos do Ceom [Cadernos do Ceom Journal] 25(37), 17–37.Google Scholar
Bishop, H. A. 1976. Bidialectal Traits of West Indians in the Panama Canal Zone. Ed. D. dissertation, Columbia University Teachers College.Google Scholar
Blanc, J. 2015. Enclaves of Inequality: Brasiguaios and the Transformation of the Brazil-Paraguay Borderlands. Journal of Peasant Studies 42(1), 145–158.Google Scholar
Blank, M. T. and Miranda, A. R. M.. 2012. Aspectos fonético-fonológicos da aquisição da escrita do português por crianças bilingües (pomerano/português) [Phonetic-Phonological Aspects of the Acquisition of Portuguese Writing by BILINGUAL CHILDREN (Pomeranian / Portuguese)]. Anais do X Encontro do CELSUL-Círculo de Estudos Linguísticos do Sul UNIOESTE [Proceedings of the 10th CELSUL Meeting: Circle of Linguistic Studies of the South UNIOESTE]. Cascavel: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 466–477.Google Scholar
Bogarín, J. and Ross, D.. 1980. Limón: educación y bilingüismo [Limón: Education and Bilingualism]. Letras [Letters] 2(6), 205–257.Google Scholar
Bondarenko, N. V. 2012. Lenguas minoritarias de Venezuela: consideraciones desde la perspectiva ecolingüística [Minority Languages   of Venezuela: Considerations from the Ecolinguistic Perspective. Revista de Filología y Lingüística de la Universidad de Costa Rica [Journal of Philology and Linguistics of the University of Costa Rica] Vol. 36, 1, 175–189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bondarenko Pisemskaya, N. 2010. Situación ecolingüística venezolana contemporánea [Contemporary Venezuelan Ecolinguistic Situation]. Papeles de Trabajo [Working Papers], no. 20, diciembre [December] 2010, 22–35. Rosario, Argentina: Universidad de Rosario, Centro de Estudios Interdisciplinarios en Etnolingüística y Antropología Socio-Cultural [University of Rosario, Center for Interdisciplinary Studies in Ethnolinguistics and Socio-Cultural Anthropology].Google Scholar
Boruszenko, O. 1981. A imigração ucraniana no Paraná [Ukrainian Immigration in Paraná]. Munich: Wirtschaftskraften und Wirtschaftswege.Google Scholar
Boso, I. M. 1991. Entre passado e futuro: bilingüismo em uma comunidade trentino-brasileiro [Between Past and Future: Bilingualism in a Trentino-Brazilian Community]. Master’s thesis, Florianópolis: Universidad Federal de [Federal University of] Santa Catarina.Google Scholar
Bottos, L. C. 2008. Old Colony Mennonites in Argentina and Bolivia: Nation Making, Religious Conflict and Imagination of the Future. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Bremenkamp, E. S. 2014. Análise sociolingüística da manutenção da língua pomerana em Santa Maria de Jetibá, Espírito Santo [Sociolinguistic Analysis of the Maintenance of the Pomeranian Language in Santa Maria de Jetibá, Espírito Santo]. Master’s thesis, Santa Maria de Jetibá: Universidade Federal do [Federal University of] Espírito Santo.Google Scholar
Burbano Alarcón, M. 2015. Las asociaciones de migrantes haitianos en el Ecuador: entre debilidad y resistencia [Haitian Migrant Associations in Ecuador: Between Weakness and Resistance]. REMHU: Revista Interdisciplinar da Mobilidade Humana [Interdisciplinary Journal of Human Mobility] 23(44), 207–220.Google Scholar
Calabresi, G. 2014. Religión, etnicidad raizal y educación trilingüe: un estudio de caso en la Isla de San Andrés (Colombia) [Religion, Raizal Ethnicity and Trilingual Education: A Case Study in the Island of San Andrés (Colombia)]. Gazeta de Antropología [Anthropology Gazette] 30(1), article 05. Retrieved from http://digibug.ugr.es/bitstream/handle/10481/30311/GA%2030-1-05%20Gloria%20Calabresi.pdf?sequence=6&isAllowed=yGoogle Scholar
Camargo González, M. 2004. Palenqueros en Barranquilla. Construyendo identidad y memorias urbanas [Palenqueros in Barranquilla. Building Identity and Urban Memories]. Memorias. Revista Digital de Historia y Arqueología desde el Caribe [Memories. Digital Magazine of History and Archeology from the Caribbean] 1(1).Google Scholar
Campos, C. M. 2006. A política da língua na era Vargas: proibação do falar alemão e resistências no Sul do Brasil [Language Policy in the Vargas Era: Prohibition of Speaking German and Resistance in Southern Brazil]. Campinas: Editora da UNICAMP.Google Scholar
Campos-Bustos, J. L. 2018. Diálogo intercultural en las aulas: El caso chileno haitiano [Intercultural Dialogue in the Classroom: The Chilean Haitian Case]. REXE. Revista de Estudios y Experiencias en Educación [REXE. Journal of Studies and Experiences in Education] 17(35), 155–166.Google Scholar
Campos-Bustos, J. L. 2019. Estudiantado haitiano en Chile: aproximaciones a los procesos de integración lingüística en el aula [Haitian Students in Chile: Approaches to the Processes of Linguistic Integration in the Classroom]. Revista Educación [Education Journal] 43(1), 433–450.Google Scholar
Canavate, D. L. 2010. Negras, palenqueras y afrocartageneras. Construyendo un lugar contra la exclusión y la discriminación [Blacks, Palenqueras and Afrocartageneras. Building a Place against Exclusion and Discrimination]. Reflexión política [Political Reflections] 12(23), 152–166.Google Scholar
Capaccio, N. (ed.) 2001. La colonización alemana en Misiones [German Colonization in Misiones]. Posadas: Editorial de la Universidad Nacional de Posadas.Google Scholar
Caprara, L. de S. and Mordente, O. A.. 2004. Panorama dell´ italiano in San Paolo nel contesto plurilinguistico brasiliano [Panorama of Italian in Sao Paulo in the Brazilian Multilingual Context]. Revista de Iitalianistica 9, 101–112.Google Scholar
Carvalho, Ana Maria. 2003. Rumo a uma definição do Português Uruguaio [Toward a Definition of Uruguayan Portuguese]. Revista Internacional de Lingüística Iberoamericana [International Journal of Ibero-American Linguistics] 1(2), 125–149.Google Scholar
Carvalho, A. M. 2004. I Speak Like the Guys on TV: Palatalization and the Urbanization of Uruguayan Portuguese. Language Variation and Change 16, 127–151.Google Scholar
Cassigoli, R. 2013. Sobre la presencia nazi en Chile [On the Nazi Presence in Chile]. Acta Sociológica 61, 157–177.Google Scholar
Castro, G. M. de 1997. Pedrinhas Paulista: Comunidade italiana que ainda permanece ligada à língua maternal [Pedrinhas Paulista: Italian Community That Still Remains Linked to the Mother Tongue]. Revista de Italianistica 5(5), 275–280.Google Scholar
Ceja Cárdenas, I. 2014. Negociación de identidades de los migrantes haitianos en Quito. Master’s thesis, Quito: Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales sede Ecuador [Negotiation of Identities of Haitian Migrants in Quito. Quito: Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences, Ecuador headquarters].Google Scholar
Ceja Cárdenas, I. 2015. Migraciones haitianas en la región andina [Haitian Migrations in the Andean Region]. Andina Migrante [Andean Migrant] 19, 2–13.Google Scholar
Cenni, F. 2003. Italianos no Brasil: “andiamo in ‘Merica” [Italians in Brazil: “Let’s Go to ‘Merica”]. São Paulo: Editorial da Universidade de São Paulo.Google Scholar
Cesarín, S. 2010. Las comunidades chinas en América Latina [Chinese Communities in Latin America]. Nueva sociedad [New Society] 228, 100–115.Google Scholar
Chaves, D. S. M. 2014. La situación sociolingüística de la lengua creole de San Andrés Isla: el caso de San Luis [The Sociolinguistic Situation of the Creole Language of San Andrés Island: The Case of San Luis]. Colombian Applied Linguistics Journal 16(1), 55–66.Google Scholar
Chaves, M. P. 1993. Fonemas segmentales en el criollo inglés de Limón [Segmental Phonemes in the English Creole of Limón]. Revista de Filología y Lingüística de la Universidad de Costa Rica [Journal of Philology and Linguistics of the University of Costa Rica] 19(2), 89–97.Google Scholar
Chaves, M. P. 1995. Tono en el criollo inglés de Costa Rica [Tone in English Creole from Costa Rica]. Revista de filología y lingüística de la Universidad de Costa Rica [Journal of Philology and Linguistics of the University of Costa Rica] 21(1), 135–139.Google Scholar
Chaves, M. P. 2005. Cláusulas relativas en el inglés criollo de Costa Rica [Relative Clauses in the Creole English of Costa Rica]. Revista de Filología y Lingüística de la Universidad de Costa Rica [Journal of Philology and Linguistics of the University of Costa Rica], 251–266.Google Scholar
Cipria, A. 2007. A 250 años de la primera migración: Lealtad y auto-estima lingüísticas en comunidades de alemanes del Volga en Entre Ríos [250 Years after the First Migration: Linguistic Loyalty and Self-Esteem in Communities of Volga Germans in Entre Ríos]. Southern Journal of Linguistics 31, 1–19.Google Scholar
Cogo, D. 2014. Haitianos no Brasil. Comunicação e interação em redes migratórias transnacionais [Haitians in Brazil. Communication and Interaction in Transnational Migratory Networks]. Chasqui. Revista Latinoamericana de Comunicación [Latin American Journal of Communication] 125, 23–32.Google Scholar
Cohen, P. (ed.) 1976. Primeras jornadas lingüísticas: el inglés criolllo de Panamá [First Linguistic Sessions: Creole English from Panama]. Panama: Editorial Universitaria.Google Scholar
Colantoni, L. and Gurlekian, J.. 2004. Convergence and Intonation: Historical Evidence from Buenos Aires Spanish. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 7(2), 107–119.Google Scholar
Cortés Conde, F. 1994. English as an Instrumental Language: Language Displacement in the Anglo-Argentine Community. Bilingual-Review / La revista-bilingüe 19(1), 25–38.Google Scholar
Cortes Conde, F. 2007. Los angloargentinos en Buenos Aires. Lengua, identidad y nación antes y después de Malvinas [Anglo-Argentines in Buenos Aires. Language, Identity and Nation before and after Malvinas]. Buenos Aires: Editorial Biblos.Google Scholar
Cosgaya, T. P. 2008. Fronteras imaginarias en América Latina: La experiencia migratoria de haitianos en Chile [Imaginary Frontiers in Latin America: The Migration Experience of Haitians in Chile]. Revista Rumbos TS. Un espacio crítico para la reflexión en Ciencias Sociales [Rumbos TS Magazine. A Critical Space for Reflection in Social Sciences] 3, 69–82.Google Scholar
Costa, L. T. da and Gielinski, M. I.. 2014. Detalhes fonéticos do polonês falado em Mallet [Phonetic Details of Polish Spoken at Mallet]. Revista (Con) textos Linguísticos [Journal (with) Linguistic Texts] 8(10), 159–174.Google Scholar
Cotinguiba, M. L. P. and Cotinguiba, G. C.. 2014. Imigração haitiana para o Brasil: os desafios no caminho da educação escolar [Haitian Immigration to Brazil: The Challenges Facing School Education]. Pedagógica: Revista do programa de Pós-graduaçao em Educaçao-PPGE [Pedagogical: Magazine of the Postgraduate Program in Education-PPGE] 16(33), 61–88.Google Scholar
Coupland, N. and Garrett, P.. 2010. Linguistic Landscapes, Discursive Frames and Metacultural Performance: The Case of Welsh Patagonia. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2010(205), 7–36.Google Scholar
Cox, C. 2015. The Resilient Word: Linguistic Preservation and Innovation among Old Colony Mennonites in Latin America. Journal of Mennonite Studies 31, 50–74.Google Scholar
Cymbalista, R. 2007. A comunidade boliviana em São Paulo: definindo padrões de territorialidade [The Bolivian Community in São Paulo: Defining Territoriality Patterns]. Cadernos Metrópole [Metropolis Notebooks] 17, 119–133.Google Scholar
Dal Picol, G. 2013. A morfossintaxe na oralidade do vêneto sul-rio-grandense: perfil dialetal de comunidades rurais da região da 4ª légua [Morphosyntax in the Orality of the Veneto sul Rio Grande Region: Dialectal Profile of Rural Communities in the Region of the 4th League]. Master’s thesis, Caixas do Sul: Universidade de [University of] Caxias do Sul.Google Scholar
Damke, C. 1997. Sprachgebrauch und Sprachkontakt in der deutschen Sprahinsel in Südbrasilien [Language Use and Language Contact in the German Sprahinsel in Southern Brazil]. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Damke, C. 2008. O Brasildeutsch como fator da conservação da língua alemã no Brasil [Brasildeutsch as a Factor in the Conservation of the German Language in Brazil]. Revista Trama [Trama Journal] 4(7), 115–123.Google Scholar
D’Arpa, D. S. 2015. Dominican Spanish in Contact with St. Thomas English Creole: A Sociolinguistic Study of Speech Variation on St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands. Doctoral dissertation, Temple University.Google Scholar
Daviña, L. S. 2003. Fronteras discursivas en una región plurilingüe: español y portugués en Misiones [Discursive Frontiers in a Multilingual Region: Spanish and Portuguese in Misiones]. Master’s thesis, Buenos Aires: Universidad de Buenos Aires.Google Scholar
DeBose, C. E. 1983, June. Samana English: A Dialect That Time Forgot. In Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (Vol. 9, 47–53).Google Scholar
De Heusch, F. 2016. “Amo a mi pais, sigo hablando en creole, pero tomo el fernet con coca y como el asado”: Un etnografia de los migrantes haitianos y de la venta de “bijouteria” en la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina ["I love My Country, I Still Speak in Creole, but I Take the Fernet with Coca and Eat Barbecue": An Ethnography of Haitian Migrants and the Sale of "Bijouteria" in the City of Córdoba]. Bachelor’s thesis, Córdoba: Universidad Nacional de [National University of] Córdoba.Google Scholar
De Torre Borges, M. 2004. Jorge Luis Borges (1899–1986). Variaciones Borges [Borges Variations] 18, 229–252.Google Scholar
Del Águila, Á. 2018. Estudio exploratorio sobre las trayectorias socio-educativas y socio-laborales de migrantes haitianos, senegaleses y ucranianos en la ciudad de Buenos Aires [Exploratory Study on the Socio-educational and Socio-labor Trajectories of Haitian, Senegalese and Ukrainian Migrants in the City of Buenos Aires]. Buenos Aires: Organización Internacional para las Migraciones (OIM) / Fundación Comisión Católica Argentina de Migraciones (FCCAM) [International Organization for Migration (IOM) / Argentine Catholic Migration Commission Foundation (FCCAM)].Google Scholar
Demel, E. 2013. Sprachinselminderheiten in Argentinien und der Provinz Llanquihue, Chile [Language Island Minorities in Argentina and the Province of Llanquihue, Chile]. Doctoral dissertation, University of Vienna.Google Scholar
Deutsche-Welle (n.d.) El alemañol del sur de Chile [The German from Southern Chile]. https://p.dw.com/p/1JzXIGoogle Scholar
Dittmann, M. L. 1992. El Criollo Sandresano, Lengua Y Cultura [Sandresan Creole, Language and Culture]. Cali: Universidad del Valle [Valley University].Google Scholar
Dittmann, M. L. 2008. El criollo sanandresano: lengua y cultura raizal en el Archipiélago de San Andrés [Creole from San Andres: Raizal Language and Culture in the Archipelago of San Andrés]. In Tello, C. (ed.), Lenguas y tradición oral, memorias IX encuentro para la promoción y difusión del patrimonio inmaterial de los países iberoamericanos [Languages   and Oral Tradition, Memories IX Meeting for the Promotion and Dissemination of the Intangible Heritage of the Ibero-American Countries]. Bogotá: Corporación para la Promoción y Difusión de la Cultura, 138–159.Google Scholar
Doi, E. T. 2006. O ensino de japonês no Brasil como língua de imigração [Japanese Teaching in Brazil as an Immigration Language]. Estudos Lingüísticos [Linguistic Studies]. XXXV. Campinas, 66–75.Google Scholar
Drozdowska-Broering, I. 2016. De Sproak, det is miene kleine Heijmat. Mennonitengemeinden in Südbrasilien [The Language, that’s My Little Heijmat. Mennonite Communities in Southern Brazil]. Studia Germanica Gedanensia 35, 78–88.Google Scholar
Druszcz, A. M. 1984. O bilingüismo em Araucária: A interferência polonesa na fonologia portuguesa [Bilingualism in Araucária: Polish Interference in Portuguese Phonology]. Master’s thesis, Curitiba: Universidade Católica do Paraná [Catholic University of Paraná].Google Scholar
Dück, E. S. 2005. Witmarsum, uma comunidade trilíngüe: Plautdietsch, Hochdeutsch e portuguęs [Witmarsum, a Trilingual Community: Plautdietsch, Hochdeutsch and Portuguese]. Master’s thesis, Curitiba: Universidade Fedral de Paraná [Federal University of Paraná].Google Scholar
Dück, E. S. 2011. Vitalidade linguística do ‘Plautdietsch’ em contato com variedades ‘Standard’ faladas em comunidades menonitas no Brasil [Linguistic Vitality of “Plautdietsch” in Contact with “Standard” Varieties Spoken in Mennonite Communities in Brazil]. Porto Alegre: Universidade Federal do [Federal University of] Rio Grande do Sul, Doctoral dissertation.Google Scholar
Dück, E. S. 2012. Vitalidad lingüística do Plautdietsch no Brasil [Linguistic Vitality of Plautdietsch in Brazil]. Anais do X Encontro do CELSUL – Círculo de Estudos Linguísticos do Sul UNIOESTE[Annals of the X CELSUL Meeting – Southern Linguistic Studies Circle UNIOESTE]. Cascavel: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná [State University of Western Paraná], 1–12.Google Scholar
Duffard, I. 2016. Del Caribe haitiano a la Argentina: Trayectorias de cuerpos en movilidad humana pos terremoto 2010 [From the Haitian Caribbean to Argentina: Trajectories of Bodies in Human Mobility after the 2010 Earthquake]. Buenos Aires: CLACSO. DGCIN (2013). Cooperación Sur-Sur: República Argentina. Catálogo de Proyectos [South-South Cooperation: Argentine Republic. Project Catalog].Google Scholar
Dupoux, E., Kakehi, K., Hirose, Y., Pallier, C., and Mehler, J.. 1999. Epenthetic Vowels in Japanese: A Perceptual Illusion? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 25(6), 1568–1578.Google Scholar
Dvorak, A. 2013. A Hidden Immigration: The Geography of Polish-Brazilian Cultural Identity. Doctoral dissertation, University of California Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Elizaincín, A. 1973. Algunos aspectos de la sociolingüística del dialecto Fronterizo [Some Aspects of the Sociolinguistics of the Border Dialect]. Montevideo: Universidad de la República [University of the Republic].Google Scholar
Elizaincín, A. 1976. The Emergence of Bilingual Dialects on the Brazilian-Uruguayan Border. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 9, 123–134.Google Scholar
Elizaincín, A. 1979. Algunas precisiones sobre los dialectos portugueses en el Uruguay [Some Details about the Portuguese Dialects in Uruguay]. Montevideo: Universidad de la República [University of the Republic].Google Scholar
Elizaincín, A., Behares, L., and Barrios, G.. 1987. Nos falemo brasilero [Let’s Talk Brazilian]. Montevideo: Editorial Amesur.Google Scholar
Ferraz, A. P. 2007. O panorama lingüístico brasileiro: a coexistência de línguas minoritárias com o português [The Brazilian Linguistic Panorama: The Coexistence of Minority Languages   with Portuguese]. Filologia e Linguística Portuguesa [Philology and Portuguese Linguistics] 9, 43–73.Google Scholar
Ferreira, J. A. S. 2009. The History and Future of Patuá in Paria: Report on Initial Language Revitalization Efforts for French Creole in Venezuela. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 24(1), 139–158.Google Scholar
Ferreira, J. A. S. 2010. La historia y el futuro del patuá en Paria: Informe de los esfuerzos iniciales en la revitalización del criollo francés en Venezuela. Romanitas, lenguas y literaturas romances 4(2), 3–11. [See above reference for translation].Google Scholar
Ferreira, J. A. and Holbrook, D.. 2002. The Case of Some French-lexifier Creoles. La Torre: Revista de la Universidad de Puerto Rico [La Torre: Journal of the University of Puerto Rico] 7(25), 367–398.Google Scholar
Flórez, S. 2006. A Study of Language Attitudes in Two Creole-Speaking Islands: San Andres and Providence (Colombia). Ikala, Revista de lenguaje y cultura [Ikala, Journal of Language and Culture] 11(17), 119–147.Google Scholar
Fritzen, M. P. 2007. “Ich kann mein Name mit letra junta und letra solta schreib”: Deutsch-portugiesisches Code-Switching in einer Grundschule im südbrasilianischen Immigrationsgebiet [“I can write my name with letra junta and letra solta”: German-Portuguese Code Switching in a Primary School in the Immigration Region of Southern Brazil]. Pandaemonium Germanicum. Revista de Estudos Germanísticos 11, 125–156.Google Scholar
Fritzen, M. P. 2012. Desafios para a educação em contexto bilíngue (alemão/português) de língua minoritária [Challenges for Education in a Bilingual (German / Portuguese) Minority Language Context]. Educação Unisinos [Education Unisinos] 16(2), 161–168.Google Scholar
Fuchs, C. Y. M. 1996. Interferências fonológicas nos falantes bilingües do português e do japonês: fatores socio e psicolingüísticos [Phonological Interference in Portuguese and Japanese Bilingual Speakers: Socio and Psycholinguistic Factors]. Master’s thesis, Curitiba: Universidade Federal do [Federal University of] Paraná.Google Scholar
Fujiwara, E. Y. 2014. A criação de neologismos de base japonesa por falantes de português [The Creation of Japanese-Based Neologisms by Portuguese Speakers]. Master’s thesis, Três Lagoas: Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul [Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul].Google Scholar
Gallero, M. C. 2005. Alemanes-brasileños en Misiones. Identidad en un contexto de frontera [Germans-Brazilians in Misiones. Identity in a Border Context]. Actas IV Congreso Argentino de Inmigración. Santa Fe [Proceedings IV Argentine Congress of Immigration]. Esperanza, Santa Fe: Asociación Amigos del Archivo General de la Provincia [Friends of the General Archive of the Province Association].Google Scholar
Gallero, M. C. 2009. Con la patria a cuestas: La inmigración alemana-brasileña en la Colonia Puerto Rico, Misiones [With the Homeland in Tow: German-Brazilian Immigration in Colonia Puerto Rico, Misiones]. Buenos Aires: Araucaria Editora.Google Scholar
Gallero, M. C. 2010. La territorialización de la germaneidad en los alemanes-brasileños de Misiones, Argentina [The territorialization of Germaneity in the German-Brazilians of Misiones, Argentina]. Iberoamericana (2001-), Nueva época, Año 10, No. 39 (Septiembre de 2010) [Iberoamericana (2001–), New epoch, Year 10, No. 39 (September 2010)], 77–103.Google Scholar
Gallero, M. C. 2018. La cartografía etnográfica: una metodología para el estudio del poblamiento de Misiones, Argentina [Ethnographic Cartography: A Methodology for the Study of the Settlement of Misiones, Argentina]. Vivência: Revista de Antropologia [Experience: Journal of Anthropology] 52, 13–37.Google Scholar
Gallero, M. C. and Krautstofl, E. M.. 2010. Proceso de poblamiento y migraciones en la Provincia de Misiones, Argentina: (1881–1970) [Process of Settlement and Migration in the Province of Misiones, Argentina: (1881–1970)]. Avá. Revista de Antropología [Avá. Journal of Anthropology] 16, 245–264.Google Scholar
Garcia, N. M. Z. 2009. Estudo linguístico-etnográfico em comunidade paranaense de imigrantes ucranianos: do passado ao presente [Linguistic-Ethnographic Study in a Paraná Community of Ukrainian Immigrants: from the Past to the Present]. Signum: Estudos da Linguagem [Signum: Language Studies] 12(1), 163–189.Google Scholar
Gerus, W. 1986. Ukrainians in Argentina: A Canadian Perspective. Journal of Ukrainian Studies 11(2), 3–18.Google Scholar
Gibo, L. E. 2014. O contato lingüístico na comunidade okinawana do Brasil e o portugus falado pelos okinawanos [Linguistic Contact in the Okinawan Community in Brazil and the Portuguese Spoken by the Okinawan People]. Encontros Lusófonos [Lusophone Meetings] 16, 5–20.Google Scholar
Godoy, G. G. 2011. O caso dos haitianos no Brasil e a via da proteção humanitária complementar [The Case of Haitians in Brazil and the Path of Complementary Humanitarian Protection]. In Ramos, A. de C., Rodrigues, G., and de Almeida, G. A. (eds.), 60 anos de [years of the] ACNUR. São Paulo: Editora CLA Cultural, 45–68.Google Scholar
Graham, R. 1997. Bay Islands English: Linguistic Contact and Convergence in the Western Caribbean. Doctoral dissertation, University of Florida.Google Scholar
Graham, R. 2005. Partial Creolization, Restructuring and Convergence in Bay Islands Englishes. English World-Wide 26(1), 43–76.Google Scholar
Graham, R. 2010. Honduras/Bay Islands English. In Schreier, D., Trudgill, P., Schneider, E., and Williams, J. (eds.), The Lesser-Known Varieties of English: An Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 92–135.Google Scholar
Graham, T. 2013. Jamaican Migration to Cuba: 1912–1940. Doctoral dissertation, University of Chicago.Google Scholar
Grau, P. C. 1994. 7: Italian Presence in Modern Venezuela: Socioeconomic Dimension and Geo‐cultural Changes, 1926–1990. Center for Migration Studies Special Issues 11(3), 152–172.Google Scholar
Guerrero Lacoste, C. 2017. Inmigrantes en una escuela multicultural en Santiago de Chile: estudio antropológico-lingüístico de representaciones sociales en torno a variedades lingüísticas en contacto/conflicto: un estudio exploratorio [Immigrants in a Multicultural School in Santiago de Chile: An Anthropological-Linguistic Study of Social Representations Around Linguistic Varieties in Contact / Conflict: An Exploratory Study]. Bachelor’s thesis Santiago: Universidad de [University of Chile].Google Scholar
Hannah, D. 1997. Copula Absence in Samaná English: Implications for Research on the Linguistic History of African-American Vernacular English. American Speech 72, 339–372.Google Scholar
Harris, T. 2018. The Welsh Language in Patagonia: Evolution and Adaptation. European Journal of Language Policy 10(2), 277–295.Google Scholar
Harwood, S. A. and Zapata, M.. 2006. Preparing to Plan: Collaborative Planning in Monteverde, Costa Rica. International Planning Studies 11(3–4), 187–207.Google Scholar
Hedges, K. L. 1997. “Plautdietsch” and “Huuchdietsch” in Chihuahua: Language, Literacy, and Identity among the Old Colony Mennonites in Northern Mexico. Doctoral dissertation, Yale University.Google Scholar
Hernández Medina, J. J. 2004. Los Menonitas germanoparlantes en Paraguay: su lengua, literatura y forma de vida [The German-Speaking Mennonites in Paraguay: Their Language, Literature and Way of Life]. Almería: Universidad de [University of] Almería.Google Scholar
Herzfeld, A. 1980. Limon Creole and Panamanian Creole: Comparison and Contrast. Mid-America Linguistics Conference 218–242.Google Scholar
Herzfeld, A. 1994. Language and Identity: The Black Minority of Costa Rica. Revista de filología y lingüística de la Universidad de Costa Rica 20(1), 113–142.Google Scholar
Herzfeld, A. 2003. El multilingüismo y la identidad de los afro-limonenses de Costa Rica [Multilingualism and the Identity of Afro-Limonenses in Costa Rica]. Memoria y sociedad [Memory and Society] 7(15), 165–175.Google Scholar
Herzfeld, A. 2004. Mekaytelyu: la lengua criolla de Limón [Mekaytelyu: the Creole language of Limón]. San José: Editorial de la Universidad de [of the University of] Costa RicaGoogle Scholar
Hipperdinger, Y. 1994. Usos lingüísticos de los Alemanes del Volga [Linguistic Uses of the Volga Germans]. Bahía Blanca: Universidad Nacional del Sur, Dpto. de Humanidades [National University of the South, Department of Humanities].Google Scholar
Hipperdinger, Y. 2015. Ethnic Revival: Actitudes, políticas y usos lingüísticos de los alemanes del Volga en la Argentina [Attitudes, Policies and Linguistic Uses of the Volga Germans in Argentina]. Lengua y migración/Language and Migration 7(2), 7–27.Google Scholar
Hipperdinger, Y. 2017. Las lenguas inmigratorias en la Argentina: El caso de los alemanes del Volga [Immigration Languages   in Argentina: The Case of the Volga Germans]. Sociedad y Discurso [Society and Speech] 30, 92–114.Google Scholar
Höhmann, B. and Savedra, M. M. G.. 2011. Das Pommerische in Espírito Santo: Ergebnisse und Perspektiven einer soziolinguistischen Studie [The Pomeranian in Espírito Santo: Results and Perspectives of a Sociolinguistic Study]. Pandaemonium (São Paulo), no. 18, 283–300.Google Scholar
Holm, J. A. 1978. The Creole English of Nicaragua’s Miskito Coast: Its Sociolinguistic History and a Comparative Study of Its Lexicon and Syntax. Doctoral dissertation, University of London.Google Scholar
Howard, P. 2015. Black Labor, White Sugar: Caribbean Braceros and Their Struggle for Power in the Cuban Sugar Industry. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press.Google Scholar
Huber, Alicia. 2010. Diversidad lingüística en una comunidad altoparanaense [Linguistic Diversity in an Alto Paraná Community]. Posadas: Editorial de la Universidad Nacional de Misiones [Editorial of the National University of Misiones].Google Scholar
Inoa, O. 2005. Los cocolos en la sociedad dominicana [Cocolos in Dominican Society]. Santo Domingo: Helvetas.Google Scholar
Italiano-McGreevy, M. 2013. The Linguistic Experience of Italians in Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1890–1914: Language Shift As Seen through Social Spaces. Doctoral dissertation, Temple University.Google Scholar
Jacobs, B. 2013. Research in Progress: Cuban and Samaná Haitian as Windows on Creole Genesis. JournaLIPP 2, 109–116.Google Scholar
Johnson, I. 2007. Subjective Ethnolinguistic Vitality of Welsh in the Chubut Province, Argentina. Doctoral dissertation, Cardiff University.Google Scholar
Johnson, I. 2009. How Green Is Their Valley? Subjective Vitality of Welsh Language and Culture in the Chubut Province, Argentina. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2009(195), 141–171.Google Scholar
Jones, L. 1993. La colonia galesa: historia de una Nueva Gales en el territorio del Chubut en la República Argentina, Sudamérica [The Welsh Colony: History of a New Wales in the Territory of Chubut in the Argentine Republic, South America]. Rawson, Chubut: Editorial El Regional.Google Scholar
Jones, V. N. and Sager, C. M.. 2001. Convergencia multilingüística en un campo lexical. El habla en una provincia de la Patagonia argentina: Chubut [Multilingual Convergence in a Lexical Field. He Speaks in a Province of Argentine Patagonia: Chubut]. Escritos: Revista del Centro de Ciencias del Lenguaje [Writings: Journal of the Language Science Center] 24, 85–97.Google Scholar
Justavino de López, N. 2008. Los dialectos de inglés en Panamá: un enfoque histórico, social y lingüístico [The Dialects of English in Panama: A Historical, Social and Linguistic Approach]. Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanísticas Universidad de Panamá [Journal of Social and Humanistic Sciences University of Panama] 10(2), 7–29.Google Scholar
Kanazawa, H. and Loveday, L.. 1988. The Japanese Immigrant Community in Brazil: Language Contact and Shift. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 9, 423–435.Google Scholar
Kaufmann, G. 2007. The Verb Cluster in Mennonite Low German: A New Approach to an Old Topic. Linguistische Berichte 2007(210), 147–207.Google Scholar
Kiff, G. 2016. Welsh Language Project in Chubut: Annual Report 2015. Cardiff: British Council.Google Scholar
Klassen, J. 2016. The Politics of Pronunciation among German-Speaking Mennonites in Northern Mexico. In Dueck, J. and Reily, S. A. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Music and World Christianities. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 208–227.Google Scholar
Kurzwelly, J. 2017. Being German and Being Paraguayan in Nueva Germania: Arguing for “Contextual Epistemic Permissibility” and “Methodological Complementarity.” Doctoral dissertation, University of St Andrews.Google Scholar
La Manna, C. 1967. El habla de los italianos en Venezuela [He Speaks of Italians in Venezuela]. Maracaibo: Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Humanidades y Educación [University of Zulia, Faculty of Humanities and Education].Google Scholar
Ladilova, A. 2013. Kollektive Identitätskonstruktion in der Migration: Eine Fallstudie zur Sprachkontaktsituation der Wolgadeutschen in Argentinien [Collective Identity Construction in Migration: A Case Study on the Language Contact Situation of Volga Germans in Argentina]. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Ladilova, A. 2015. Language and Identity of Migrants: The Role of the Heritage Language in the Process of Collective Identity Construction in a Migration Situation. Language and Dialogue 5(1), 176–193.Google Scholar
Lamy, D. S. 2012. A Variationist Account of Voice Onset Time among Bilingual West Indians in Panama. Doctoral dissertation, University of Florida.Google Scholar
Lara, C. C. and Battisti, E.. 2014. O Voice Onset Time das plosivas do português brasileiro em contato com o Hunsrückisch e seu desvozeamento variável [The Voice Onset Time of Brazilian Portuguese Stops in Contact with Hunsrückisch and Its Variable Deviation]. Fórum Linguístico [Linguistic Forum] 11(1), 39–50.Google Scholar
Lavandera, B. 1984. Variación y significado [Variation and Meaning]. Buenos Aires: Hachette.Google Scholar
Leão, P. B. 2007. Transmissão intergeracional do alemão em contato com o português em Vale Real – RS [Intergenerational Transmission of German in Contact with Portuguese in Vale Real – RS]. Master’s thesis, Porto Alegre: Universidade Federal do [Federal University of] Rio Grande do Sul.Google Scholar
Lehr, J. C. and Cipko, S.. 2000. Contested Identities: Competing Articulations of the National Heritage of Pioneer Settlers in Misiones, Argentina. Prairie Perspectives: Geographical Essays 3, 165–180.Google Scholar
Lemke, C. K. 2010. A língua espanhola entre o português e o ucraniano: um estudo sobre a aprendizagem de terceiras línguas [The Spanish Language between Portuguese and Ukrainian: A Study on Third Language Learning]. Revista Iberoamericana de Educación [Journal of Ibero-American Education] 52, 1–11.Google Scholar
Leopoldino, E. A. 2009. A fala dos tiroleses de piracicaba: um perfil linguístico dos bairros Santana e Santa Olímpia [The Speech of the Piracicaba Tyroleans: A Linguistic Profile of the Santana and Santa Olímpia Neighborhoods]. Master’s thesis, São Paulo: Universidade de [University of] São Paulo.Google Scholar
Leopoldino, E. A. 2014. A fala dos tiroleses de piracicaba: um perfil linguístico dos bairros Santana e Santa Olímpia [The speech of the Piracicaba Tyroleans: A Linguistic Profile of the Santana and Santa Olímpia Neighborhoods]. Doctoral dissertation, São Paulo: Universidade de [University of] São Paulo.Google Scholar
Lipski, J. 2004a. El español de América y los contactos bilingües recientes: apuntes microdialectológicos [The Spanish of America and Recent Bilingual Contacts: Microdialectological Notes]. Revista Internacional de Lingüística iberoamericana [International Journal of Ibero-American Linguistics] 4, 89–103.Google Scholar
Lipski, J. 2004b. El español de América: los contactos bilingües [The Spanish of America: Bilingual Contacts]. In Cano, R. (ed.), Historia de la lengua Española [History of Spanish Language]. Barcelona: Ariel, 1117–1138.Google Scholar
Lipski, J. 2005. El español en el mundo: frutos del último siglo de contactos lingüísticos [Spanish in the World: Fruits of the Last Century of Linguistic Contacts]. In Ortiz López, L. and Lacorte, M. (eds.), Contactos y contextos lingüísticos: el español en los Estados Unidos y en contacto con otras lenguas [Contacts and Linguistic Contexts: Spanish in the United States and in Contact with other Languages]. Frankfurt and Madrid: Vervuert/Iberoamericana, 29–53.Google Scholar
Lipski, J. 2007. El español de América en contacto con otras lenguas [The Spanish of America in Contact with other Languages]. In Lacorte, M. (ed.), Lingüística aplicada del español [Applied Spanish Linguistics]. Madrid: Arco Libros, 309–345.Google Scholar
Lipski, J. 2011a. Um caso de contato de fronteira: o sudoeste [A Case of Border Contact: The Southwest]. In Mello, H, Altenhofen, C., and Raso, T. (eds.), Os contatos linguísticos no Brasil [Linguistic Contacts in Brazil]. Belo Horizonte: Editora UFMG, 349–368.Google Scholar
Lipski, J. 2011b. Encontros lingüísticos fronteiriços [Border Linguistic Meetings]. Ideação 13(2), 83–100. Retrieved from http://e-revista.unioeste.br/index.php/ideacao/article/viewArticle/6109Google Scholar
Lipski, J. 2015. Portuguese/portuñol in Misiones, Argentina: Another Fronterizo? In Sessarego, S. and González, M. (eds.), New Perspectives on Hispanic Contact Linguistics. Frankfurt and Madrid: Vervuert/Iberoamericana, 253–281.Google Scholar
Lipski, J. 2017. Portuguese or Portuñol? Language Contact in Misiones, Argentina. Journal of Linguistic Geography 4, 47–64.Google Scholar
Lipski, J. 2018. La interfaz portugués-castellano en Misiones, Argentina: zona de prueba para la alternancia de lenguas [The Portuguese-Spanish Interface in Misiones, Argentina: A Test Zone for the Alternation of Languages]. Estudios Filológicos [Philological Studies] 60, 169–190.Google Scholar
López, E. 2001: Lealtad lingüística en inmigrantes árabes e italianos [Linguistic Loyalty in Arab and Italian Immigrants]. Master’s thesis, Caracas: Universidad Pedagógica Experimental Libertador [Libertador Experimental Pedagogical University].Google Scholar
Lownes, S. P. 2018. Johnny Joãozinho Reb: The Creation and Evolution of Confederate Identity in Brazil. Doctoral dissertation, The Ohio State University.Google Scholar
Luersen, R. W. 2009. A situação de contato plurilíngue no sul do Brasil [The Plurilingual Contact Situation in Southern Brazil]. Visões. Revista Científica da Faculdade Salesiana Maria Auxiliadora [Visions. Scientific Journal of the Salesian Faculty Mary Saviour of Christians] 7, 70–87.Google Scholar
MacKay, C. 1984. The Veneto Dialect of Chipilo, México. Texas Linguistic Forum 23, 123–133.Google Scholar
MacKay, C. 1992. Language Maintenance in Chipilo: A Veneto Dialect in Mexico. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 96, 129–145.Google Scholar
MacKay, C. 1993. Il dialetto veneto di Segusino e Chipilo [The Venetian Dialect of Segusino and Chipilo]. Cornuda, Treviso: Grafiche Antiga.Google Scholar
MacKay, C. 1995. A Veneto Lexicon: The Dialect of Segusino and Chipilo. Cornuda, Treviso: Grafiche Antiga.Google Scholar
Maia, I. C. da. 2004. Intercambios lingüísticos de frontera: incidencia el el hablar de los alumnos del profesorado en portugués de la UNAM [Border Language Exchanges: Incidence of Portuguese Speaking in Students and Teaching Staff of the UNAM]. Master’s thesis, Posadas: Universidad Nacional de [National University of] Misiones.Google Scholar
Malczewski, Z. 2010. Polonii Brazylijskiej Obraz Wlasny [The Polish Diaspora’s Self-Image]. Warsaw, Biblioteka Iberyjska.Google Scholar
Maltzahn, P. C. 2013. Construção e Formação da identidade étnica do imigrante alemão no Rio Grande do Sul (BRASIL): A Língua Alemã como marcador importante de etnicidade [Construction and Formation of the Ethnic Identity of the German Immigrant in Rio Grande do Sul (BRAZIL): The German Language as an Important Marker of Ethnicity]. Retrieved from www.abrapa.org.br/cd/pdfs/Maltzahn-S1-Paulo-korr.pdfGoogle Scholar
Martínez Ruíz, B. 1977. La colonización galesa en el Valle del Chubut [Welsh Colonization in the Chubut Valley]. Buenos Aires: Editorial Galerna.Google Scholar
Mase, Y. 1987. A língua japonesa dos imigrantes japoneses e seus descendentes no Brasil [The Japanese Language of Japanese Immigrants and their Descendants in Brazil]. Estudos Japoneses [Japanese Studies] 7, 137–146.Google Scholar
Masing, U. 1964. Foreign Agricultural Colonies in Costa Rica: An Analysis of Foreign Colonization in a Tropical Environment. Doctoral dissertation, University of Florida.Google Scholar
Matthews, A. 1995. Crónica de la colonia galesa de la Patagonia [Chronicle of the Welsh Colony of Patagonia]. Buenos Aires: Ediciones Alfonsina.Google Scholar
Maza Espinoza, C. M. and Santibáñez Gaete, G. P.. 2015. Ser niño haitiano (que no habla español) en una escuela chilena. Doctoral dissertation, Santiago: Universidad Academia de Humanismo Cristiano [Being a Haitian Child (Who Does Not Speak Spanish) in a Chilean School. Santiago: University Academy of Christian Humanism].Google Scholar
Medeiros, R. D. N. 1982. American Brazilian English. American Speech 57, 150–152.Google Scholar
Menchaca, T. R. 2018. Migrantes haitianos en México: un nuevo escenario migratorio [Haitian Migrants in Mexico: A New Migration Scenario]. Huellas de la Migración [Traces of Migration] 3(6), 133–156.Google Scholar
Meo-Zilio, G. 1955a. Fenomeni lessicali dell’italiano rioplatense [Lexical Phenomena of Rioplatense Italian]. Lingua Nostra [Our Language] 16, 53–55.Google Scholar
Meo-Zilio, G. 1955b. Influenze dello spagnolo sull’italiano parlato nel Rio de la Plata [Influences of Spanish on Italian Spoken in the Rio de la Plata]. Lingua Nostra [Our Language] 16, 16–22.Google Scholar
Meo-Zilio, G. 1955c. Contaminazioni morfologiche nel cocoliche rioplatense [Morphological Contamination in the Copliche Rioplatense]. Lingua Nostra [Our Language], 16, 112–117.Google Scholar
Meo-Zilio, G. 1956. Interferenze sintattiche nel cocoliche rioplatense [Syntactic Interference in Cocoliche Rioplatense]. Lingua Nostra [Our Language] 17(54–59), 88–91.Google Scholar
Meo-Zilio, G. 1964. El [The] ‘Cocoliche’ Rioplatense. Boletín de filología [Bulletin of Philology] 16, 61–119.Google Scholar
Meo-Zilio, G. 1987. Lingue in contatto: interferenze fra veneto e spagnolo in Messico [Languages   in Contact: Interference between Venetian and Spanish in Mexico]. In Meo Zilio, G. (ed.), Presenza, cultura, lingua e tradizioni dei veneti nel mondo, parte I: America Latina [Presence, Culture, Language and Traditions of the Venetians in the World, Part I: Latin America]. Regione Veneto [Veneto Region]: Centro Interuniverisario di Studi Veneti [Interuniverisary Center of Venetian Studies], 237–263.Google Scholar
Meo-Zilio, G. 1989. Estudios hispanoamericanos: temas lingüísticos [Hispanic American Studies: Language Issues]. Rome: Bulzoni.Google Scholar
Meyer, M. 2009. Deitsch ou deutsch? macroanálise pluridimensional da variação do hunsrückisch rio-grandense em contato com o português [Deitsch or deutsch? Multidimensional Macroanalysis of the Variation of Hunsrückisch Rio-Grandense in Contact with Portuguese]. Undergraduate thesis Porto Alegre: Universidade Federal de [Federal University of] Rio Grando do Sul.Google Scholar
Mezavila, A. 2008. Bilingüismo e as redes de comunicação na comunidade ucraniana de Cascavel [Bilingualism and Communication Networks in the Ukrainian Community of Cascavel]. Línguas e Letras [Languages   and Letters] 9(17), 289–304.Google Scholar
Micolis, M. 1973. Une communauté allemande en Argentine: Eldorado (Problèmes d`intégration socio-culturelle) [A German Community in Argentina: Eldorado (Problems of Socio-cultural Integration)]. Quebec: Centre International de Recherches sur le Bilinguisme [International Center for Research on Bilingualism].Google Scholar
Ministry of Education. 1980. The Sunrise of the People. A Sandinista Education Workbook for Reading and Writing. Managua: Ministry of Education, National Literacy Crusade Heroes and Martyrs for Nicaragua’s Liberation.Google Scholar
Miodunka, W. 2003. Bilingwizm polsko-portugalski w Brazylii. [Polish-Portuguese Bilingualism in Brazil.] Krakow: Universitas.Google Scholar
Montgomery, M. and Melo, C. A.. 1990. The Phonology of the Lost Cause: The English of the Confederados in Brazil. English World-Wide 11(2), 195–216.Google Scholar
Montgomery, M. and Melo, C. A.. 1995. The Language: The Preservation of Southern Speech among the Colonists. In Dawsey, C. B. and Dawsey, J. M. (eds.), The Confederados: Old South immigrants in Brazil. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 176–190.Google Scholar
Moraes, I. A. 2013. A imigração haitiana para o Brasil: causas e desafios [Haitian Immigration to Brazil: Causes and Challenges]. Conjuntura Austral [Southern Conjuncture] 4(20), 95–114.Google Scholar
Mota Acosta, J. C. 1977. Los cocolos en Santo Domingo [The Cocolos in Santo Domingo]. Santo Domingo: Editorial “La Gaviota.”Google Scholar
Nieto, C. 2014. Migración haitiana a Brasil: Redes migratorias y espacio social transnacional [Haitian Migration to Brazil: Migration Networks and Transnational Social Space]. Buenos Aires: CLACSO.Google Scholar
Ortiz López, L. 1998. Huellas etno-sociolingüísticas bozales y afrocubanas [Ethno-sociolinguistic Footprints of bozales and Afro-Cubans]. Frankfurt: Vervuert.Google Scholar
Ortiz López, L. 1999a. El español haitiano en Cuba y su relación con el habla bozal [Haitian Spanish in Cuba and Its Relationship with Muzzle Speech]. In Zimmermann, K. (ed.), Lenguas criollos de base lexical española y portuguesa [Creole Languages   of Spanish and Portuguese Lexical Base]. Frankfurt: Vervuert, 177–203.Google Scholar
Ortiz López, L. 1999b. La variante hispánica haitianizada en Cuba: otro rostro del contacto lingüístico en el Caribe [The Haitianized Hispanic Variation in Cuba: Another Face of Linguistic Contact in the Caribbean]. In Morales, A. (ed.), Estudios de lingüística hispánica: homenaje a María Vaquera [Hispanic Linguistics Studies: Tribute to María Vaquera]. Río Piedras: Editorial de la UPR, 428–456.Google Scholar
Ortiz López, L. 2001. El sistema verbal del español haitiano en Cuba: implicaciones para las lenguas en contacto en el Caribe [The Verbal System of Haitian Spanish in Cuba: Implications for Languages   in Contact in the Caribbean]. Southwest Journal of Linguistics 20(2), 175–192.Google Scholar
Ortiz López, L. 2010. El español y el criollo haitiano: contacto lingüístico y adquisición de segunda lengua [Spanish and Haitian Creole: Linguistic Contact and Second Language Acquisition]. Frankfurt and Madrid: Vervuert/Iberoamericana.Google Scholar
Ostendorf, K. 2018. Zwischen Plautdietsch, Hochdeutsch und Spanisch: Dreisprachigkeit von in Paraguay und Bolivien lebenden Mennoniten und ihre Auswirkung auf die spanische Lernersprache [Between Plautdietsch, Standard German and Spanish: Trilingualism of Mennonites Living in Paraguay and Bolivia and Their Impact on the Spanish Learner Language]. Doctoral dissertation, Bochum: Ruhr-Universität.Google Scholar
Ota, J. 2009. A língua falada nas comunidades rurais nipo-brasileiras do estado de São Paulo – considerações sobre koronia-go [The Language Spoken in Japanese-Brazilian Rural Communities in the State of São Paulo – Considerations about koronia-go]. Synergies Brésil [Brazilian Synergies] 7, 49–56.Google Scholar
Ota, J. and Gardenal, L. M. S.. 2006. As línguas japonesa y portuguesa em duas comunidades nipo-brasileiras: a relação entre os domínios e as gerações [Japanese and Portuguese Languages   in Two Japanese-Brazilian Communities: The Relationship between Domains and Generations]. Estudos Lingüísticos [Linguistic Studies] 35, 1062–1071.Google Scholar
Parlato-Oliveira, E., Christophe, A., Hirose, Y., and Dupoux, E.. 2010. Plasticity of Illusory Vowel Perception in Brazilian-Japanese Bilingual. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 127(6), 3738–3748.Google Scholar
Parsons, J. J. 1956. San Andrés and Providencia: English-Speaking Islands in the Western Caribbean. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Patat, A. (ed.) 2012. Vida nueva: la lingua e la cultura italiana in America Latina [New Life: The Language of Italian Culture in Latin America]. Macerata: Quodlibet.Google Scholar
Peres, E. P. 2011. Aspectos da imigração italiana no Espírito Santo: a língua e cultura do Vêneto em Araguaia [Aspects of Italian Immigration in Espírito Santo: The Language and Culture of Veneto in Araguaia]. Dimensões [Dimensions] 26, 44–59.Google Scholar
Pérez Gómez, R. 2018. Un caso de emigración cultural? Los sudistas confederados y el Brasil de su llegada (1860–1870) [A Case of Cultural Emigration? The Confederate Southerners and the Brazil of Their Arrival (1860–1870)]. Procesos Históricos [Historical Processes] 34, 88–106.Google Scholar
Pertile, M. T. 2009. O talian entre o italiano-padrão e o português brasileiro: manutenção e substituição no Alto Uruguai gaucho [Talian between Standard Italian and Brazilian Portuguese: Maintenance and Replacement in Alto Uruguai Gaúcho]. Doctoral dissertation, Porto Alegre: Universidade Federal do [Federal University of] Rio Grande do Sul.Google Scholar
Pimentel, M. L. and Cotinguiba, G. C.. 2014. Wout, raketè, fwontyè, anpil mizè: reflexões sobre os limites da alteridade em relação à imigração haitiana para o Brasil [Wout, raketè, fwontyè, anpil mizè: Reflections on the Limits of otherness in Relation to Haitian Immigration to Brazil]. Universitas: Relações Internacionais [Universitas: International Relations] 12(1), 73–86.Google Scholar
Poplack, S. and Sankoff, D.. 1980. El inglés de Samaná y la hipótesis del origen criollo [The English of Samaná and the Hypothesis of the Creole Origin]. Boletín de la Academia Puertorriqueña [Bulletin of the Puerto Rican Academy] 8, 103–121.Google Scholar
Poplack, S. and Sankoff, D.. 1987. The Philadelphia Story in the Spanish Caribbean. American Speech 62(4), 291–314.Google Scholar
Portilla, M. 1997. Tiempo-aspecto-modo en el criollo inglés de Costa Rica [Time-Aspect-Mode in the English Creole of Costa Rica]. Revista de filología y lingüística de la Universidad de Costa Rica [Journal of Philology and Linguistics of the University of Costa Rica] 23(2), 161–172.Google Scholar
Prytz Nilsson, L. S. 2011. Planificación y gestión del programa de educación intercultural bilingüe de frontera en el Mercosur educativo: su aplicación en la provincia de Misiones [Planning and Management of the Border Bilingual Intercultural Education Program in the Educational Mercosur: Its Application in the Province of Misiones]. Ideação [Ideation] 13(2), 21–32.Google Scholar
Puig Ortiz, J. A. 1978. Emigración de libertos norteamericanos a Puerto Plata en la primera mitad del siglo XIX [Emigration of North American Freedmen to Puerto Plata in the First Half of the 19th Century]. Santo Domingo: Editorial Alfa y Omega.Google Scholar
Putnam, M. T. and Lipski, J.. 2016. Null Arguments in Transitional Trilingual Grammars: Field Observations from Misionero German. Multilingua 35(1), 85–104.Google Scholar
Putnam, M. T. and Schwarz, L.. 2014. How Interrogative Pronouns Can Become Relative Pronouns: The Case of Was in Misionero German. STUF-Language Typology and Universals 67(4), 613–625.Google Scholar
Reygadas, C. 2007. Luz silenciosa/Silent Light/Stellet Licht, co-produced by J. Romandia. DVD edition New York: Palisades Tartan, 2009.Google Scholar
Rhys, W. C. 2000. La Patagonia que canta: memorias de la colonización galesa [The Patagonia That Sings: Memories of the Welsh Colonization]. Buenos Aires: Emecé.Google Scholar
Rodrigues, C. V. 2009. Bilinguismo no Espírito Santo: reflexos no português de adultos e crianças [Bilingualism in Espírito Santo: Reflexes in Portuguese of Adults and Children]. Signum: Estudos da Linguagem [Signum: Language Studies] 12(1), 293–316.Google Scholar
Rodríguez Demorizi, E. 1945. Samaná, pasado y porvenir [Samaná, Past and Future]. Ciudad Trujillo [Santo Domingo]: Montalvo.Google Scholar
Rojas Marquez, I. 2013. Launa-Deutsch. Sprachkontakt und die Verwendung der deutschen Sprache in Chile [Launa German. Language Contact and the Use of the German Language in Chile]. Munich: GRIN Verlag.Google Scholar
Rojas Pedemonte, N., Amode, N., and Vásquez, J.. 2017. Migración haitiana hacia Chile: origen y aterrizaje de nuevos proyectos migratorios [Haitian Migration to Chile: Origin and Landing of New Migration Projects]. In Rojas Pedemonte, N. and Koechlin, J. (eds.), Migración haitiana hacia el sur andino [Haitian Migration to the Southern Andes]. Lima: Universidad Antonio Ruiz de Montoya, 65–172.Google Scholar
Rolando, G. 1996. My Footsteps in Baraguá. Havana: Mundo Latino [film].Google Scholar
Romani, P. 1992. Conservación del idioma en una comunidad italo-mexicana [Language Preservation in an Italian-Mexican Community]. Mexico: Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia [National Institute of Anthropology and History].Google Scholar
Rosell, A. 1970. Cocoliche. Montevideo: Distribuidora Ibana.Google Scholar
Rosenberg, P. 2002. Deutsche Minderheiten in Lateinamerika [German Minorities in Latin America]. In Donato, H., Kutschat, R. S. G., and Tiemann, J. (eds.), Institut Martius-Staden Jahrbuch [Yearbook] 2001–2002, Nr. 49. São Paulo: Instituto Martius-Staden, 9–50.Google Scholar
Rosenberg, P. 2003a, Vergleichende Sprachinselforschung: Sprachwandel in deutschen Sprachinseln in Russland und Brasilien [Comparative Language Island Research: Language Change in German Language Islands in Russia and Brazil]. In Hentschel, E. (ed.), Particulae collectae. Festschrift für Harald Weydt zum 65. Geburtstag [Particulae Collectae. Festschrift for Harald Weydt on his 65th Birthday] (= LinguistikOnline 13, 1/03). Frankfurt: Europa-Universität Viadrina, Fakultät für Kulturwissenschaften [European University Viadrina, Faculty of Cultural Studies], 273–323. Retrieved from https://bop.unibe.ch/linguistik-online/issue/view/205Google Scholar
Rosenberg, P. 2003b. Comparative Speech Island Research: Some Results from Studies in Russia and Brazil. In Keel, W. and Mattheier, K. J. (eds.), Deutsche Sprachinseln weltweit: Interne und externe Perspektiven. German Language Varieties Worldwide: Internal and External Perspectives. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 199–238.Google Scholar
Rosenberg, P. 2012. Regularität und Irregularität in der Kasusmorphologie deutscher Sprachinselvarietäten (Russland, Brasilien) [Regularity and Irregularity in the Case Morphology of German Language Island Varieties (Russia, Brazil)]. In Köpcke, K.-M. and Bittner, A. (eds.), Regularität und Irregularität in Phonologie und Morphologie [Regularity and Irregularity in Phonology and Morphology]. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 177–217.Google Scholar
Rost, C. A. 2008. A identidade do teuto-brasileiro na região sul do Brasil [The Identity of the German-Brazilian in the Southern Region of Brazil]. Interdisciplinar-Revista de Estudos em Língua e Literatura, Ano 3 [Interdisciplinary-Journal of Studies in Language and Literature, Year 3] 5(5), 215–234.Google Scholar
Saiki, R. A. U. 2013. Esboço sobre o ritmo do português-brasileiro / japonês: um estudo experimental [Sketch on the Rhythm of Brazilian Portuguese / Japanese: An Experimental Study]. Undergraduate thesis, Florianópolis: Universidade Federal de [ Federal University of] Santa Catarina.Google Scholar
Saito, C. N. I. 2011. O imigrante e a imigração japonesa no Brasil e no Estado de Goiás [The Immigrant and Japanese Immigration in Brazil and in the State of Goiás]. Revista UFG [UFG Journal] 13(10), 57–61.Google Scholar
Salgado Reyes, N. 2011. Migración palenquera a la ciudad de Cartagena: 1960–2000 [Palenquera migration to the city of Cartagena: 1960–2000]. Undergraduate thesis, Universidad de [University of] Cartagena.Google Scholar
Salinas, P. I., Nevárez, M. O. T., Piñón, F. A. P., and Torres, A. H.. 2014. La identidad cultural de los menonitas mexicanos [The Cultural Identity of Mexican Mennonites]. IE Revista de Investigación Educativa de la REDIECH [IE Journal of Educational Research of REDIECH] 5(9), 69–76.Google Scholar
Sánchez Avendaño, C. 2014. “Ticos auténticos … que no hablan español” Ideologías sobre las lenguas minoritarias y la diversidad lingüística de Costa Rica ["Authentic Ticos ... Who Do Not Speak Spanish" Ideologies on Minority Languages   and Linguistic Diversity in Costa Rica]. Revista de Filología y Lingüística de la Universidad de Costa Rica [Journal of Philology and Linguistics of the University of Costa Rica] 39(2), 191–218.Google Scholar
Sánchez Guerra, J. 2004. Los anglo-caribeños en Guantánamo, 1902–1950 [The Anglo-Caribbean in Guantánamo, 1902–1950]. Guantánamo: Editorial El Mar y la Montaña.Google Scholar
Santos, F. N. Z. P. and Vasconcelos, T. M.. 2016. Venezuelanos no Brasil: da crise econômica para a crise política e midiática [Venezuelans in Brazil: From the Economic Crisis to the Political and Media Crisis]. XVII Encontro de História da Anpuh-Rio [XVII Anpuh-Rio History Meeting] 1–16.Google Scholar
Santos, M. E. P. 2004. O cenario multilingue, multidialetal, multicultura de fronteira e o processo identitario brasiguaio na escola e no entorno social [The Multilingual, Multidialetal, Multicultural Frontier Scenario and the Brazilian Identity Process at School and in the Social Environment]. Doctoral dissertation, Campinas: Universidade Estadual de Campinas [Campinas State University].Google Scholar
Santos, M. E. P. 2008. Identidades híbridas, língua (gens) provisórias–alunos “brasiguaios” em foco [Hybrid Identities, Provisional Language (Genes) – “Brasiguaio” Students in Focus]. Trabalhos em Linguística Aplicada [Applied Linguistics Employment] 47(2), 429–446.Google Scholar
Sartor, M. and Ursini, F.. 1983. Cent’anni di emigrazione: una comunita veneta sugli altipiani del Messico [One Hundred Years of Emigration: A Venetian Community on the Mexican Highlands]. Cornuda, Treviso: Grafiche Antiga.Google Scholar
Schaeffer, S. C. B. 2012. Descrição fonetica e fonológica do pomerano falado no Espírito Santo [Phonetic and Phonological Description of the Pomeranian Spoken in Espírito Santo]. Master’s thesis, Vitória: Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo [Federal University of Espirito Santo].Google Scholar
Schaumloeffel, M. A. 2003. Estudo da interferência do português da variedade dialetal Hunsrück falada em Boa Vista do Herval [Study of Portuguese Interference in the Hunsrück Dialectal Variety Spoken in Boa Vista do Herval]. Master’s thesis, Curutiba: Universidade Federal de Paraná [Federal University of Paraná].Google Scholar
Schirp, Kerstin E. 2001. Die Wochenzeitung “Semanario Israelita”: Sprachrohr der Deutsch-jüdischen Emigranten in Argentinien [The Weekly Newspaper “Semanario Israelita”: Mouthpiece for German-Jewish Emigrants in Argentina]. Berlin-Hamburg-Münster: LIT Verlag.Google Scholar
Schissatti, L. C. S. 2014. Interrogativas – WH no dialeto trentino de Rodeio [Interrogatives – WH in the Trentino Dialect of Rodeio]. Doctoral dissertation, Florianópolis: Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina [Federal University of Santa Catarina].Google Scholar
Schneider, M. N. 2012. A manutenção do Hunsrückisch e do pomerano e o ensino de alemão em comunidades teuto-brasileiras no Rio Grande do Sul [Maintaining Hunsrückisch and Pomeranians and Teaching German in German-Brazilian Communities in Rio Grande do Sul]. Anais do X Encontro do CELSUL – Círculo de Estudos Linguísticos do Sul UNIOESTE [Annals of the 10th CELSUL Meeting – Linguistic Studies Circle of the South UNIOESTE]. Cascavel: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 1–15.Google Scholar
Semechechem, J. 2016. O multilinguismo na escola: práticas linguísticas uma comunidade de imigração ucraniana no Paraná [Multilingualism At School: Linguistic Practices in a Ukrainian Immigration Community in Paran]. Maringá: Universidade Estadual de Maringá [State University of Maringá], doctoral dissertation.Google Scholar
Sharpe, M. S. 1997. A Case Study of Language Shift in Progress in Port Limon, Costa Rica. Revista de filología y lingüística de la Universidad de Costa Rica [Journal of Philology and Linguistics of the University of Costa Rica] 23(1), 225–234.Google Scholar
Sharpe, M. S. 1998. Language Attitudes of Limon Creole Speakers. Revista de filología y lingüística de la Universidad de Costa Rica [Journal of Philology and Linguistics of the University of Costa Rica] 24(1), 101–112.Google Scholar
Silva, F. R. de. 2010. A educação alemã na colônia riograndense [German Education in the Rio Grande do Norte Colony]: 1922–1938 (Maracaí/Cruzália-SP). Master’s thesis, São Paulo: Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP de Presidente Prudente [Paulista State University UNESP of Presidente Prudente].Google Scholar
Silva, S. A. D. 2005. A migração dos símbolos: diálogo intercultural e processos identitários entre os bolivianos em São Paulo [The Migration of Symbols: Intercultural Dialogue and Identity Processes among Bolivians in São Paulo]. São Paulo em perspectiva [São Paulo in Perspective] 19(3), 77–83.Google Scholar
Silva, S. A. D. 2006. Bolivianos em São Paulo: entre o sonho e a realidade [Bolivians in São Paulo: Between Dream and Reality]. Estudos avançados [Advanced Studies] 20(57), 157–170.Google Scholar
Silveira, A. 2014. Ingleses y escocesess en Buenos Aires: movimientos poblacionales, integración y prácticas asociativas (1800–1880) [English and Scots in Buenos Aires: Population Movements, Integration and Associative Practices (1800–-1880)]. Doctoral thesis, Buenos Aires: Universidad de [University of] San Andrés.Google Scholar
Simai, S. and Baeninger, R.. 2012. Discurso, negação e preconceito: bolivianos em São Paulo [Discourse, Denial and Prejudice: Bolivians in São Paulo]. In Baeninger, R. (ed.), Imigração boliviana no Brasil [Bolivian Immigration in Brazil]. Campinas: NEPO/UNICAMP, 195–210.Google Scholar
Simões, G. da F. (ed.) 2017. Perfil Sociodemográfico e Laboral da Imigração Venezuelana no Brasil [Sociodemographic and Labor Profile of Venezuelan Immigration in Brazil]. Curitiba: Editora CRV.Google Scholar
Smith, E. V. 1989. A Merging of Two Cultures: The Afro-Hispanic Immigrants of Samaná, Dominican Republic. Afro-Hispanic Review 8(1–2), 9–14.Google Scholar
Smith, R. J. 1979. The Ethnic Japanese in Brazil. Journal of Japanese Studies 5(1), 53–70.Google Scholar
Snow, P. 2000. The Case for Diglossia on the Panamanian Island of Bastimentos. Journal of Pidgin and Creole languages 15(1), 165–169.Google Scholar
Snow, P. 2007. Vernacular Shift: Language and the Built Environment in Bastimentos, Panama. Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power 14(1–2), 161–182.Google Scholar
Souchaud, S. 2010. A imigração boliviana em São Paulo [Bolivian Immigration in São Paulo]. In Ferreira, A. P., Vainer, C., Póvoa Neto, H., and Santos, M. de O. (eds.), Deslocamentos e reconstruções da experiência migrante [Displacements and Reconstructions of the Migrant Experience]. Paris: Garamond, 267–290.Google Scholar
Souchaud, S. and Baeninger, R.. 2008. Collas e cambas do outro lado da fronteira: aspectos da distribuição diferenciada da imigração boliviana em Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul [Collas and Cambas across the Border: Aspects of the Different Distribution of Bolivian Immigration in Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul]. Revista Brasileira de Estudos de População [Brazilian Journal of Population Studies] 25(2), 271–286.Google Scholar
Souza, A. C. 2014. Crenças e atitudes lingüísticas: a língua alemã, a língua portuguesa e o Brasildeutsch [Linguistic Beliefs and Attitudes: German, Portuguese and Brasildeutsch]. III CIELLI: Colóquio de Estudos Lingüísticos e Literários, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, agosto 2014 (1–12). Anais electrónicos [Colloquium on Linguistic and Literary Studies, State University of Maringá, August 2014 (pp. 1–12). Electronic Proceedings] ISSN 2177-6350. Retrieved from https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B0BzcWVyuWkVVklBdkIwQ1dTWXc/viewGoogle Scholar
Stößlein, H. 2009. Deutsch-spanischer Sprachkontakt am Rio de la Plata: eine Untersuchung am Korpus deutsch-argentinischer Zeitungssprache [German-Spanish Language Contact on the Rio de la Plata: An Investigation into the Corpus of German-Argentine Newspaper Language] (Vol. 3). Bamberg: University of Bamberg Press.Google Scholar
Sturza, E. R. 1994. O espanhol do cotidiano e o espanhol da escola: um estudo de caso na fronteira Brasil-Argentina [Everyday Spanish and School Spanish: A Case Study on the Brazil-Argentina Border]. Master’s thesis, Santa Maria: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria [Federal University of Santa Maria].Google Scholar
Suda, J. R. and de Souza, L.. 2006. Identidade social em movimento: a comunidade japonesa na Grande Vitória (ES) [Social Identity on the Move: The Japanese Community in Grande Vitória (ES)]. Psicologia & Sociedade [Psychology & Society] 18(2), 72–80.Google Scholar
Sumonte, V., Sanhueza, S., Friz, M., and Morales, K.. 2018. Inmersión lingüística de comunidades haitianas en Chile: Aportes para el desarrollo de un modelo comunicativo intercultural [Linguistic Immersion of Haitian Communities in Chile: Contributions for the Development of an Intercultural Communicative Model]. Paples de Trabajo 35, 68–79. Rosario: Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Centro de Estudios Interdisciplinarios en Etnolingüística y Antropología Socio-Cultural [National University of Rosario, Center for Interdisciplinary Studies in Ethnolinguistics and Socio-Cultural Anthropology].Google Scholar
Suzuki, T. 1986. As expressões de tratamento da língua japonesa no Brasil: uso e processo de aculturação [Japanese Language Treatment Expressions in Brazil: Use and Acculturation Process]. Estudos Japoneses [Japanese Studies] 6, 89–154.Google Scholar
Tagliamonte, S. A. 1991. A Matter of Time: Past Temporal Reference Verbal Structures in Samana English and the Ex-Slave Recordings. Doctoral dissertation, University of Ottawa.Google Scholar
Tagliamonte, S. A. 1997. Obsolescence in the English Perfect? Evidence from Samaná English. American Speech 72, 33–68.Google Scholar
Tagliamonte, S. and Poplack, S.. 1988. How Black English Past Got to the Present: Evidence from Samaná. Language in Society 17(4), 513–533.Google Scholar
Tejeda Ortiz, D. (ed.) 1984. Cultura y folklore en Samaná [Culture and Folklore in Samaná]. Santo Domingo: Editorial Alfa y Omega.Google Scholar
Thomas-Brereton, L. C. 1994. An Exploration of Panamanian Creole English: Some Syntactic, Lexical and Sociolinguistic Features. Doctoral dissertation, New York University.Google Scholar
Toledo Vega, G. 2016. Propuesta didáctica para la enseñanza de español como segunda lengua a inmigrantes haitianos en Chile [Didactic Proposal for Teaching Spanish as a Second Language to Haitian Immigrants in Chile]. Lengua y Migración [Language and Migration] 8(1), 81–103.Google Scholar
Tomita, A. G. S. and Santiago, G.. 2004. As Novas Religiões Japonesas como instrumento de transmissão de cultura japonesa no Brasil [The New Japanese Religions as an Instrument for Transmitting Japanese Culture in Brazil]. Revista de Estudos da Religião [Journal of Religious Studies] 3, 88–102.Google Scholar
Ursini, F. 1983. Trevigiani in Messico: riflessi linguistici di una dialettica tra conservazione ed assimilazione [Trevigiani in Mexico: Linguistic Reflections of a Dialectic between Conservation and Assimilation]. In Cortelazzo, M. (ed.), Guida ai dialetti veneti 5 [Guide to Venetian dialects 5]. Padova [Padua]: CLEUP, 73–84.Google Scholar
Usarski, F. 2008. Declínio do budismo “amarelo” no Brasil [Decline of "Yellow" Buddhism in Brazil]. Tempo Social: revista de sociologia da USP [Tempo Social: Sociology Journal of USP] 20(2), 133–153.Google Scholar
Vandresen, P. (ed.) 2006. Variação, mudança e contato lingüístico no português da região sul [Variation, Change and Linguistic Contact in Southern Portuguese]. Pelotas: EDUCAT.Google Scholar
Vandresen, P. and Corrêa, A. R.. 2008. O bilingüismo Pomerano-Português na região de Pelotas [Pomeranian-Portuguese Bilingualism in the Pelotas Region]. In Roncarati, C. and Abraçado, J. (eds.), Português brasileiro II: contato linguístico, heterogeneidade e história [Brazilian Portuguese II: Linguistic Contact, Heterogeneity and History]. Niterói, EdUFF, 39–51.Google Scholar
Vásquez, T., Busse, E., and Izaguirre, L.. 2014. La migración haitiana en Perú y su tránsito hacia Brasil [Haitian Migration in Peru and Its Transit to Brazil]. La migración haitiana hacia Brasil: características, oportunidades y desafíos [Haitian Migration to Brazil: Characteristics, Opportunities and Challenges]. Buenos Aires: Organización Internacional para las Migraciones (OIM), Cuadernos Migratorios No. 6 [International Organization for Migration (IOM), Migratory Notebooks No. 6], 83–105.Google Scholar
Vieira, M. M. 2010. Para um estudo das influências fonológicas do italiano no português falado na cidade de São Paulo [For a Study of the Phonological Influences of Italian in Portuguese Spoken in the City of São Paulo]. Master’s thesis, São Paulo: Universidade de [University of] São Paulo.Google Scholar
Virkel, A. E. 1999. Contactos lingüísticos en Trelew. El bilingüismo español-galés [Linguistic Contacts in Trelew. Spanish-Welsh Bilingualism]. Anclajes 3(3), 123–139.Google Scholar
Virkel, A. E. 2000. El español hablado en Chubut: aportes para la definición de un perfil sociolingüístico [The Spanish Spoken in Chubut: Contributions to the Definition of a Sociolinguistic Profile]. Doctoral dissertation, Valladolid: Universidad de [University of] Valladolid.Google Scholar
Walcot, N. 1998. Los Cocolos. Santo Domingo: Consejo Presidencial de Cultura, Instituto Dominicano de Folklore, Editora Alfa y Omega [Presidential Council of Culture, Dominican Institute of Folklore, Editora Alfa y Omega].Google Scholar
Warantz, E. 1986. The Bay Islands English of Honduras. In Holm, J. (ed.), Central American English. Heidelberg: Julios Groos Verlag, 71–94.Google Scholar
Watts, Keith. 1999. English Maintenance in Costa Rica? The Case of Bilingual Monteverde. Doctoral dissertation, University of New Mexico.Google Scholar
Weaver, B. H. C. 1961. Confederate Emigration to Brazil. The Journal of Southern History 27, 33–53.Google Scholar
Winkler, E. G. 2000. Cambio de códigos en el criollo limonense [Change of Codes in Limonense Creole]. Revista de filología y lingüística de la Universidad de Costa Rica [Journal of Philology and Linguistics of the University of Costa Rica] 26(1), 189–196.Google Scholar
Wolff, L. K. 2017. Die Entwicklung und aktuelle Lage der deutschen Sprache und der deutschstämmigen Minderheit in Chile. Das” Launa”-Deutsch [The Development and Current Situation of the German Language and the Ethnic German Minority in Chile. The “Launa” German]. Munich: GRIN VerlagGoogle Scholar
Zago Bronca, J. A. 1982. Breve historia de la fundación de Chipilo [Brief History of the Founding of Chipilo]. Chipilo, Puebla: Imprenta Venecia.Google Scholar
Zamarreño, S. A. 2018. La lengua galesa y su mantenimiento en Chubua: el Eisteddfod en el marco del dominio de las actividades culturales [The Welsh Language and Its Maintenance in Chubua: The Eisteddfod within the Framework of the Domain of Cultural Activities]. E-AESLA 4, 331–338.Google Scholar
Ziebur, U. 2000. Die soziolinguistische Situation von Chilenen deutscher Abstammung [The Sociolinguistic Situation of Chileans of German Descent]. Linguistik Online, 7. Retrieved from https://bop.unibe.ch/linguistik-online/article/download/987/1646?inline=1Google Scholar
Zilli Manica, J. B. 1981. Italianos en México: documentos para la historia de los colonos italianos en México [Italians in Mexico: Documents for the History of Italian Settlers in Mexico]. Xalapa: Ediciones San José.Google Scholar
Zilli Manica, J. B. 1997. La Villa Luisa de los italianos: un proyecto liberal [The Villa Luisa of the Italians: A Liberal Project]. Xalapa: Universidad [University] Veracruzana.Google Scholar
Zilli Manica, J. B. 1998. La estanzuela: historia de una cooperativa agrícola de italianos en México [La Estanzuela: History of an Italian Agricultural Cooperative in Mexico]. Xalapa: Editora del Gobierno del Estado de Veracruz-Llave [Editor of the Government of the State of Veracruz-Llave].Google Scholar
Zimmer, M., Bandeira, M., and Blank, C. A.. 2009. A dinâmica do multilingüismo na transferência de padrões de aspiração de obstruintes iniciais entre o pomerano (L1), o português (L2) e o inglês (L3) [The Dynamics of Multilingualism in the Transfer of Aspiration Patterns of Initial Obstruents between Pomeranian (L1), Portuguese (L2) and English (L3)]. In Borba, V., Carvalho, M. L. G. C., and Lima, G. O. S. (eds.), Contribuições para a pesquisa em linguística nas diferentes áreas: partilhando reflexões e resultados [Contributions to Linguistic Research in Different Areas: Sharing Reflections and Results]. Maceió: EDUFAL, 57–72.Google Scholar
Zimmer, T. 2007. La expresión de la identidad lingüística y cultural en el caribe costarricense [The Expression of Linguistic and Cultural Identity in the Costa Rican Caribbean]. Signo y seña [Sign and Signal] 18, 139–168.Google Scholar
Zubaran, M. A. 1994. Os teuto-rio-grandenses, a escravidão e as alforrias [Teuto-rio-grandenses, Slavery and Manumission]. In Mauch, C. and Vasconcellos, N. (eds.), Os alemães no sul do Brasil: cultura-etnicidade-história [Germans in Southern Brazil: Culture-Ethnicity-History]. Porto Alegre: Ulbra, 65–74.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×