Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T09:33:52.741Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

28 - Control and Cognition: Contextual and Individual Differences in Cognitive Aging

from Part IV - Cognitive, Social, and Biological Factors across the Lifespan

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 May 2020

By
Shevaun D. Neupert  and
Jennifer A. Bellingtier
Edited by
Ayanna K. Thomas  and
Angela Gutchess
Ayanna K. Thomas
Affiliation:
Tufts University, Massachusetts
Angela Gutchess
Affiliation:
Brandeis University, Massachusetts
Get access

Summary

Sense of control over one’s life declines in the later portion of the life span, which is not surprising in the face of increased losses and decreased gains associated with aging. Unfortunately, the maintenance of sense of control is a key indicator of successful aging while low control beliefs are a risk factor for poor aging-related outcomes, such as lower concurrent and subsequent cognitive functioning. The simultaneous focus on the person and the environment is an important characteristic of research on control beliefs. We synthesize the state of the field and discuss the current understanding of the complex interplay of control beliefs and cognition. In addition, we propose that awareness of aging, which is the subjective interpretation of aging, may be an important future direction to elucidate the control-cognition relationships.

Keywords

awareness of agingbasic cognitioncognitive functioningconstraintcultureeveryday cognitionhealthindividual differencesintraindividual variabilityLachmanlocus of controlmasterymemorymotivationperceived competenceperceived controlself-efficacysocioeconomic statusstereotypessubjective agingsuccessful aging
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Handbook of Cognitive Aging
A Life Course Perspective
 , pp. 514 - 531
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agrigoroaei, S., & Lachman, M. E. (2010). Personal control and aging: How beliefs and expectations matter. In Cavanaugh, J. C., Cavanaugh, C. K., Berry, J., & West, R. (Eds.), Aging in America, Vol. 1: Psychological aspects. (pp. 177–201). Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger.Google Scholar
Agrigoroaei, S., Neupert, S. D., & Lachman, M. E. (2013). Maintaining a sense of control in the context of cognitive challenge: Greater stability in control beliefs benefits working memory. GeroPsych: The Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry, 26, 49–59. doi: 10.1024/1662-9647/a000078Google Scholar
Allaire, J. C., & Marsiske, M. (2005). Intraindividual variability may not always indicate vulnerability in elders’ cognitive performance. Psychology and Aging, 20, 390–401. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.20.3.390CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ashman, O., Shiomura, K., & Levy, B. R. (2006). Influence of culture and age on control beliefs: The missing link of interdependence. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 62, 143–157. doi: 0.2190/9lxu-wlyp-nc22-98mjGoogle Scholar
Baltes, P. B., Lindenberger, U., & Staudinger, U. M. (2006). Life span theory in developmental psychology. In Lerner, R. M. (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology: Theoretical models of human development, 6th ed. (pp. 569–664). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bandura, A. (1990). Perceived self-efficacy in the exercise of personal agency. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 2, 128–163. doi: 10.1080/10413209008406426CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.Google Scholar
Baum, S. K., & Boxley, R. L., (1983). Age identification in the elderly. Gerontologist, 23, 532–537. doi: 10.1093/geront/23.5.532Google Scholar
Bellingtier, J. A., & Neupert, S. D. (2018). Negative aging attitudes predict greater reactivity to daily stressors in older adults. Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences. 73, 115–119. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbw086Google Scholar
Bellingtier, J. A., & Neupert, S. D. (2019). Feeling young and in control: Daily control beliefs predict younger subjective ages. Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbz015CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bellingtier, J. A., Neupert, S. D., & Kotter-Grühn, D. (2017). The combined effects of daily stressors and major life events on daily subjective ages. Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 72, 613–621. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbv101Google Scholar
Bergland, A., Nicolaisen, M., & Thorsen, K. (2013). Predictors of subjective age in people aged 40–79 years: A five-year follow-up study. The impact of mastery, mental and physical health. Aging and Mental Health, 18, 653–661. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2013.869545Google Scholar
Bielak, A. A. M., Hultsch, D. F., Levy-Ajzenkopf, J., et al. (2007). Short-term changes in general and memory-specific control beliefs and their relationship to cognition in younger and older adults. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 65, 53–71. doi: 10.2190/G458-X101-0338-746XGoogle Scholar
Boehmer, S. (2007). Relationships between felt age and perceived disability, satisfaction with recovery, self-efficacy beliefs and coping strategies. Journal of Health Psychology, 12, 895–906. doi: 10.1177/1359105307082453CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brothers, A., & Diehl, M. (2017). Feasibility and efficacy of the AgingPlus program: Changing views on aging to increase physical activity. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 25, 402–411. doi: 10.1123/japa.2016-0039Google Scholar
Brothers, A., Miche, M., Wahl, H.-W., & Diehl, M. (2017). Examination of associations among three distinct subjective aging constructs and their relevance for predicting developmental correlates. Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 72, 547–560. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbv085Google ScholarPubMed
Caplan, L. J., & Schooler, C. (2003). The roles of fatalism, self-confidence, and intellectual resources in the disablement process in older adults. Psychology and Aging, 3, 551–561. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.18.3.551Google Scholar
Carstensen, L. L., Isaacowitz, D. M., & Charles, S. T. (1999). Taking time seriously: A theory of socioemotional selectivity. American Psychologist, 54, 165–181. doi: 10.1037//0003-066x.54.3.165CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caselli, R. J., Chen, K., Locke, D. E., et al. (2014). Subjective cognitive decline: Self and informant comparisons. Alzheimers Dementia, 10, 93–98. doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2013.01.003Google Scholar
de Frias, C. M., Dixon, R. A., & Bäckman, L. (2003). Use of memory compensation strategies is related to psychosocial and health indicators. Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 58, P12–P22. doi: 10.1093/geronb/58.1.p12Google Scholar
Diehl, M. K., & Wahl, H.-W. (2010). Awareness of age-related change: Examination of a (mostly) unexplored concept. Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 65, 340–350. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbp110Google Scholar
Diehl, M., Wahl, H.-W., Barrett, A. E., et al. (2014). Awareness of aging: Theoretical considerations on an emerging concept. Developmental Review, 34, 93–113. doi: 10.1016/j.dr.2014.01.001Google Scholar
Drewelies, J., Wagner, J., Tesch-Römer, C., Heckhausen, J., & Gerstorf, D. (2017). Perceived control across the second half of life: The role of physical health and social integration. Psychology and Aging, 32(1), 76–92. doi: 10.1037/pag0000143CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eizenman, D. R., Nesselroade, J. R., Featherman, D. L., & Rowe, J. W. (1997). Intraindividual variability in perceived control in an older sample: The MacArthur successful aging studies. Psychology and Aging, 12, 489–502. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.12.3.489Google Scholar
Gamaldo, A. A., & Allaire, J. C. (2016). Daily fluctuations in everyday cognition: Is it meaningful? Journal of Aging and Health, 28(5), 834–849. doi: 10.1177/0898264315611669CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Geerlings, M. I., Jonker, C., Bouter, L. M., Ader, H. J., & Schmand, B. (1999). Association between memory complaints and incident Alzheimer’s disease in elderly people with normal baseline cognition. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 531–537. doi: 10.1176/ajp.156.4.531CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gerstorf, D., Röcke, C., & Lachman, M. E. (2010). Antecedent–consequent relations of perceived control to health and social support: Longitudinal evidence for between-domain associations across adulthood. Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 66(1), 61–71. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbq077Google Scholar
Hahn, E. A., & Lachman, M. E. (2015). Everyday experiences of memory problems and control: The adaptive role of selective optimization with compensation in the context of memory decline. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 22(1), 25–41. doi: 10.1080/13825585.2014.888391Google Scholar
Heckhausen, J., & Baltes, P. B. (1991). Perceived controllability of expected psychological change across adulthood and old age. Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 46, P165–173. doi: 10.1093/geronj/46.4.p165Google Scholar
Heckhausen, J., Wrosch, C., & Schulz, R. (2010). A motivational theory of lifespan development. Psychological Review, 117, 32–60. doi: 10.1037/a0017668.AGoogle Scholar
Hertzog, C., McGuire, C. L., & Lineweaver, T. T. (1998). Aging, attributions, perceived control, and strategy use in a free recall task. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 5, 85–106. doi: 10.1076/anec.5.2.85.601Google Scholar
Hubley, A. M., & Hultsch, D. F. (1994). The relationship of personality trait variables to subjective age identity in older adults. Research on Aging, 16, 415–439. doi: 10.1177/0164027594164005Google Scholar
Hughes, M. L., Geraci, L., & De Forrest, R. L. (2013). Aging 5 years in 5 minutes: The effect of taking a memory test on older adults’ subjective age. Psychological Science, 24, 2481–2488. doi: 10.1177/0956797613494853Google Scholar
Hultsch, D. F., Hertzog, C., Small, B. J., & Dixon, R. A. (1999). Use it or lose it: Engaged lifestyle as a buffer of cognitive decline in aging? Psychology and Aging, 14, 245–263. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.14.2.245CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hultsch, D. F., MacDonald, S. W. S., & Dixon, R. A. (2002). Variability in reaction time performance of younger and older adults. Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 57, P101–P115. doi: 10.1093/geronb/57.2.p101Google Scholar
Infurna, F. J., & Gerstorf, D. (2013). Linking perceived control, physical activity, and biological health to memory change. Psychology and Aging, 28, 1147–1163. doi: 10.1037/a00333327Google Scholar
Infurna, F. J., Gerstorf, D., Ram, N., Schupp, J., & Wagner, G. G. (2011). Long-term antecedents and outcomes of perceived control. Psychology and Aging, 26(3), 559–575. doi: 10.1037/a0022890Google Scholar
Infurna, F. J., Gerstorf, D., Robertson, S., Berg, S., & Zarit, S. H. (2010). The nature and cross-domain correlates of subjective age in the oldest old: Evidence from the OCTO study. Psychology and Aging, 25, 470–476. doi: 10.1037/a0017979CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Infurna, F. J., & Okun, M. A. (2015). Antecedents and outcomes of level and rates of change in perceived control: The moderating role of age. Developmental Psychology, 51(10), 1420–1437. doi: 10.1037/a0039530CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jessen, F., Wiese, B., Bachmann, C., et al. (2010). Prediction of dementia by subjective memory impairment. Archives of General Psychiatry, 67, 414–422. doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.30Google Scholar
Kennedy, S. W., Allaire, J. C., Gamaldo, A. A., & Whitfield, K. E. (2012). Race differences in intellectual control beliefs and cognitive functioning. Experimental Aging Research, 28, 247–264. doi: 10.1080/0361073X.2012.672122Google Scholar
Keyes, C. M., & Westerhof, G. J. (2012). Chronological and subjective age differences in flourishing mental health and major depressive episode. Aging and Mental Health, 16, 67–74. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2011.596811Google Scholar
Kleinspehn-Ammerlahn, A., Kotter-Grühn, D., & Smith, J. (2008). Self-perceptions of aging: Do subjective age and satisfaction with aging change during old age? Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological and Social Sciences, 63, P377–P385. doi: 10.1093/geronb/63.6.P377Google Scholar
Lachman, M. E. (1986). Locus of control in aging research: A case for multidimensional and domain-specific assessment. Psychology and Aging, 1, 34–40. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.1.1.34Google Scholar
Lachman, M. E. (2006). Perceived control over aging-related declines: Adaptive beliefs and behaviors. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15, 282–286. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8721.2006.00453.xGoogle Scholar
Lachman, M. E., & Andreoletti, C. (2006). Strategy use mediates the relationship between control beliefs and memory performance for middle-aged and older adults. Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 61, P88–P94. doi: 10.1093/geronb/61.2.p88Google Scholar
Lachman, M. E., & Agrigoroaei, S. (2012). Low perceived control as a risk factor for episodic memory: The mediational role of anxiety and task interference. Memory and Cognition, 40, 287–296. doi: 10.3758/s13421-011-0140-xGoogle Scholar
Lachman, M. E., Baltes, P. B., Nesselroade, J. R., & Willis, S. L. (1982). Examination of personality-ability relationships in the elderly: The role of contextual (interface) assessment mode. Journal of Research in Personality, 16, 485–501. doi: 10.1016/0092-6566(82)90007-1Google Scholar
Lachman, M. E., Bandura, M., Weaver, S. L., & Elliott, E. (1995). Assessing memory control beliefs: The Memory Controllability Inventory. Aging and Cognition, 2, 67–84. doi: 10.1080/13825589508256589Google Scholar
Lachman, M. E., & Firth, K. M. (2004). The adaptive value of feeling in control during midlife. In Brim, O. G., Ryff, C. D., & Kessler, R. (Eds.), How healthy are we? A national study of well-being at midlife (pp. 320–349). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Lachman, M. E., Neupert, S. D., & Agrigoroaei, S. (2011). The relevance of a sense of control for health and aging. In Schaie, K. W. & Willis, S. L. (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of aging, 7th ed. (pp. 175–190). San Diego: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Lachman, M. E., Rosnick, C. B., & Röcke, C. (2009). The rise and fall of control beliefs in adulthood: Cognitive and biopsychosocial antecedents and consequences of stability and change over nine years. In Bosworth, H. B. & Hertzog, C. (Eds.), Aging and cognition: Research methodologies and empirical advances (pp. 143–160). Washington: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Lachman, M. E., & Weaver, S. L. (1998). The sense of control as a moderator of social class differences in health and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 763–773. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.74.3.763Google Scholar
Lee, P.-L. (2016). Control beliefs level and change as predictors of subjective memory complaints. Aging and Mental Health, 20, 329–335. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2015.1008991Google Scholar
Levy, B. R. (2003). Mind matters: Cognitive and physical effects of aging self-stereotypes. Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 58, P203–P211. doi: 10.1093/geronb/58.4.P203CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Levy, B. (2009). Stereotype embodiment: A psychosocial approach to aging. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18, 332–336. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01662.xGoogle Scholar
Levy, B. R., Slade, M. D., & Kasl, S. V. (2002). Longitudinal benefit of positive self-perceptions of aging and functional health. Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 57, P409–P417. doi: 10.1093/geronb/57.5.p409Google Scholar
Levy, B. R., Zonderman, A. B., Slade, M. D., & Ferrucci, L. (2012). Memory shaped by age stereotypes over time. Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 67, 432–436. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbr120Google Scholar
Li, S., Aggen, S. H., Nesselroade, J. R., & Baltes, P. B. (2001). Short-term fluctuations in elderly people’s sensorimotor functioning predict text and spatial memory performance: The MacArthur successful aging studies. Gerontology, 47, 100–116. doi: 10.1159/000052782Google Scholar
Lindenberger, U., & Ghisletta, P. (2009). Cognitive and sensory declines in old age: Gauging the evidence for a common cause. Psychology and Aging, 24(1), 1–16. doi: 10.1037/a0014986Google Scholar
Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224–253. doi: 10.1037/0033-295x.98.2.224Google Scholar
Martin, M., & Hofer, S. M. (2004). Intraindividual variability, change, and aging: Conceptual and analytical issues. Gerontology, 50, 7–11. doi: 10.1159/000074382Google Scholar
Masten, A. S., & Cicchetti, D. (2010). Developmental cascades. Development and Psychopathology, 22, 491–495. doi: 10.1017/S0954579410000222Google Scholar
Menkin, J. A., Robles, T. F., Gruenewald, T. L., Tanner, E. K., & Seeman, T. E. (2017). Positive expectations regarding aging linked to more new friends in later life. Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 72, 771–781. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbv118Google Scholar
Miller, L. M. S., & Gagne, D. D. (2005). Effects of age and control beliefs on resource allocation during reading. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 12, 129–148. doi: 10.1080/13825580590925161Google Scholar
Miller, L. M. S., & Lachman, M. E. (1999). The sense of control and cognitive aging: Toward a model of mediational processes. In Hess, T. M. & Blanchard-Fields, F. (Eds.), Social cognition and aging (pp. 17–41). New York: Academic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, L. M. S., & Lachman, M. E. (2000). Cognitive performance and the role of control beliefs in midlife. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 7, 69–85. doi: 10.1076/1382-5585(200006)7:2;1-u;ft069Google Scholar
Mock, S. E., & Eibach, R. P. (2011). Aging attitudes moderate the effect of subjective age on psychological well-being: Evidence from a 10-year longitudinal study. Psychology and Aging, 26, 979–986. doi: 10.1037/a0023877Google Scholar
Montepare, J. M. (2009). Subjective age: Toward a guiding lifespan framework. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 33, 42–46. doi: 10.1177/0165025408095551Google Scholar
Nesselroade, J. R., & Salthouse, T. A. (2004). Methodological and theoretical implications of intraindividual variability in perceptual-motor performance. Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 59, P49–P55. doi: 10.1093/geronb/59.2.p49Google Scholar
Neupert, S. D., & Allaire, J. C. (2012). I think I can I think I can: Examining the within-person coupling of control beliefs and cognition. Psychology and Aging, 27, 742–749. doi: 10.1037/a0026447Google Scholar
Neupert, S. D., Almeida, D. M., & Charles, S. T. (2007). Age differences in reactivity to daily stressors: The role of personal control. Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 62, P216–P225. doi: 10.1093/geronb/62.4.P216Google Scholar
Neupert, S. D., Almeida, D. M., Mroczek, D. K., & Spiro, A. (2006). Daily stressors and memory failures in a naturalistic setting: Findings from the VA Normative Aging Study. Psychology and Aging, 21, 424–429. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.21.2.424Google Scholar
Neupert, S. D., & Bellingtier, J. A. (2017). Aging attitudes and daily awareness of age-related change interact to predict negative affect. Gerontologist, 57(S2), 187–192. doi: 10.1093/geront/gnx055Google Scholar
O’Brien, E. L., Hess, T. M., Kornadt, A. E., et al. (2017). Context influences on the subjective experience of aging: The impact of culture and domains of functioning. Gerontologist, 57(S2), 127–137. doi: 10.1093/geront/gnx015Google Scholar
Parisi, J. M., Gross, A. L., Marsiske, M., Willis, S. L., & Rebok, G. W. (2017). Control beliefs and cognition over a 10-year period: Findings from the ACTIVE trial. Psychology and Aging, 32(1), 69–75. doi: 10.1037/pag0000147Google Scholar
Park, D. C., & Reuter-Lorenz, P. (2009). The adaptive brain: Aging and neurocognitive scaffolding. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 173–196. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093656Google Scholar
Pearlin, L. I., & Pioli, M. F. (2003). Personal control: Some conceptual turf and future directions. In Zarit, S. H., Pearlin, L. I., & Schaie, K. W. (Eds.), Personal control in social and life course contexts (pp. 1–21). New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Rebok, G. W., Rasmusson, D. X., & Brandt, J. (1996). Prospects for computerized memory training in normal elderly: Effects of practice on explicit and implicit memory tasks. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 10, 211–223. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0720(199606)10:3%3C211::aid-acp375%3E3.0.co;2-cGoogle Scholar
Rodin, J. (1990). Control by any other name: Definitions, concepts, and processes. In Rodin, J., Schooler, C., & Schaie, K. W. (Eds.), Self-directedness: Cause and effects throughout the life course (pp. 1–17). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 80, 1–28. doi: 10.1037/h0092976Google Scholar
Rowe, J. W., & Kahn, R. L. (1998). Successful aging. New York: Pantheon Books.Google Scholar
Sastry, J., & Ross, C. E. (1998). Asian ethnicity and the sense of personal control. Social Psychology Quarterly, 61, 101–120. doi: 10.2307/2787064Google Scholar
Schulz, R., & Heckhausen, J. (1999). Aging, culture, and control: Setting a new research agenda. Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 54, P139–P145. doi: 10.1093/geronb/54B.3.P139Google Scholar
Seidler, A. L., & Wolff, J. K. (2017). Bidirectional associations between self-perceptions of aging and processing speed across 3 years. GeroPsych: The Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry, 30, 49–59. doi: 10.1024/1662-9647/a000165Google Scholar
Shrira, A., Palgi, Y., Ben-Ezra, M., Hoffman, Y., & Bodner, E. (2016). A youthful age identity mitigates the effect of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms on successful aging. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 24, 174–175. doi: 10.1016/j.jagp.2015.07.006Google Scholar
Siebert, J. S., Wahl, H.-W., Degen, C., & Schröder, J. (2018a). Attitude toward own aging as a risk factor for cognitive disorder in old age: 12-year evidence from the ILSE study. Psychology and Aging, 33, 461–472. doi: 10.1037/pag0000252Google Scholar
Siebert, J. S., Wahl, H.-W., & Schröder, J. (2018b). The role of attitude toward own aging for fluid and crystallized functioning: 12-year evidence from the ILSE study. Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 73(5), 836–845. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbw050Google Scholar
Skinner, E. A., Chapman, M., & Baltes, P. B. (1988). Beliefs about control, means-ends, and agency: A new conceptualization and its measurement during childhood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 117–133. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.54.1.117CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stephan, Y., Caudroit, J., & Chalabaev, A. (2011). Subjective health and memory self-efficacy as mediators in the relation between subjective age and life satisfaction among older adults. Aging and Mental Health, 15, 428–436. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2010.536138Google Scholar
Stephan, Y., Sutin, A. R., Caudroit, J., & Terracciano, A. (2016). Subjective age and changes in memory in older adults. Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 71, 675–683. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbv010Google Scholar
Stephan, Y., Sutin, A. R., Luchetti, M., & Terracciano, A. (2017). Feeling older and the development of cognitive impairment and dementia. Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 72, 966–973. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbw085Google Scholar
Sunderland, A., Harris, J. E., & Baddeley, A. D. (1983). Do laboratory tests predict everyday memory? A neuropsychological study. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 22(3), 341–357. doi: 10.1016/S0022-5371(83)90229-3Google Scholar
Wahl, H. W., Iwarsson, S., & Oswald, F. (2012). Aging well and the environment: Toward an integrative model and research agenda for the future. Gerontologist, 52, 306–316. doi: 10.1093/geront/gnr154Google Scholar
Westerhof, G. J., & Barrett, A. E. (2005). Age identify and subjective well-being: A comparison of the United States and Germany. Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 60, S129–S136. doi: 10.1093/geronb/60.3.S129Google Scholar
Westerhof, G. J., Miche, M., Brothers, A. F., et al. (2014). The influence of subjective aging on health and longevity: A meta-analysis of longitudinal data. Psychology and Aging, 29, 793–802. doi: 10.1037/a0038106Google Scholar
Whitbourne, S. B., Neupert, S. D., & Lachman, M. E. (2008). Daily physical activity: Relation to everyday memory in adulthood. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 27, 331–349. doi: 10.1177/0733464807312175Google Scholar
Willis, S. L., Jay, G. M., Diehl, M., & Marsiske, M. (1992). Longitudinal change and prediction of everyday task competence in the elderly. Research on Aging, 14(1), 68–91. doi: 10.1177/0164027592141004Google Scholar
Windsor, T. D., & Anstey, K. J. (2008). A longitudinal investigation of perceived control and cognitive performance in young, midlife, and older adults. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 15, 744–763. doi: 10.1080/1382558082348570Google Scholar
Wolff, J. K., Warner, L. M., Ziegelmann, J. P., & Wurm, S. (2014). What do targeting positive views on ageing add to a physical activity intervention in older adults? Results from a randomized controlled trial. Psychology and Health, 29, 915–932. doi: 10.1080/08870446.2014.896464Google Scholar
Wurm, S., Tesch-Römer, C., & Tomasik, M. J. (2007). Longitudinal findings on aging-related cognitions, control beliefs, and health in later life. Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 62, P156–P164. doi: 10.1093/geronb/62.3.P156Google Scholar
Zahodne, L. B., Manly, J. J., Smith, J., Seeman, T., & Lachman, M. E. (2017). Socioeconomic, health, and psychosocial mediators of racial disparities in cognition in early, middle, and late adulthood. Psychology and Aging, 32, 118–130. doi: 10.1037/pag0000154Google Scholar
Zhang, S., Gamaldo, A. A., Neupert, S. D., & Allaire, J. C. (2018). Predicting control beliefs in older adults. Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbz001Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×