Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T19:56:33.778Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

19 - Values

from Part III - Media and Modes of Ethical Practice

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 May 2023

James Laidlaw
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
Get access

Summary

Anthropologists of ethics have often drawn inspiration from ancient virtue ethics and ordinary language philosophy. What might be gained for the study of ethics by drawing on a theory of values? This chapter shows that value theory, in allowing us to distinguish between moral and non-moral values, offers two ways of conceptualizing ethics. Narrowly conceived, ethics is about people’s efforts to realize moral values, hence to relate to other people in the right way. Broadly conceived, ethics is also about people’s efforts to relate in appropriate ways to the variety of values they recognize, including aesthetic and epistemic ones. Employed on their own or in combination, the narrow and the broad conceptions are uniquely suited for a systematic comparison of ethical life across a diverse range of societies. A comparative discussion of cases from Africa and Euro-America shows that while the content and relative weight given to moral values vary significantly, valuing things appropriately is always an ethical matter.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Albert, Ethel M. and Vogt, Evon Z.. 1966. People of Rimrock: A Study of Values in Five Cultures. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Anderson, Elizabeth. 1993. Value in Ethics and Economics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Barth, Fredrik. 1966. ‘Models of Social Organization’. Royal Anthropological Institute Occasional Paper, 23.Google Scholar
Barth, Fredrik. 1993. ‘Are Values Real? The Enigma of Naturalism in the Anthropological Imputation of Values’, in Hechter, Michael, Nadel, Lynn, and Michod, Richard E. (eds.), The Origin of Values. New York: Aldine de Gruyter: 3146.Google Scholar
Blosser, Philip. 1987. ‘Moral and Nonmoral Values: A Problem in Scheler’s Ethics’. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 48(1): 139–43.Google Scholar
Bohannan, Paul. 1955. ‘Some Principles of Exchange and Investment among the Tiv’. American Anthropologist, 57(1): 6070.Google Scholar
Bohannan, Paul. 1959. ‘The Impact of Money on an African Subsistence Economy’. The Journal of Economic History, 19(4): 491503.Google Scholar
Bourg, Julien. 2007. From Revolution to Ethics. Montréal: McGill-Queen’s University Press.Google Scholar
Brentano, Franz. 1969. The Origin of Our Knowledge of Right and Wrong. Trans. Chisholm, R. M. and Schneewind, E. H.. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Chang, Ruth., ed. 1997. Incommensurability, Incomparability, and Practical Reason. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Cherry, Stephen. 2011. Barefoot Disciple: Walking the Way of Passionate Humility – The Archbishop of Canterbury‘s Lent Book 2011. London: Continuum.Google Scholar
Das, Veena. 2012. ‘Ordinary Ethics’, in Fassin, Didier (ed.), A Companion to Moral Anthropology. Blackwell Companions to Anthropology 20. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell: 133–49.Google Scholar
Daswani, Girish. 2016. ‘A Prophet but Not for Profit: Ethical Value and Character in Ghanaian Pentecostalism’. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 22(1): 108–26.Google Scholar
Davis, Zachary and Steinbock, Anthony. 2019. Max Scheler. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2019/entries/scheler.Google Scholar
Dederer, Claire. 2017. ‘What Do We Do with the Art of Monstrous Men?’ The Paris Review, 20 November. www.theparisreview.org/blog/2017/11/20/art-monstrous-men.Google Scholar
Dumont, Louis. 1980. Homo Hierarchicus: The Caste System and Its Implications. Trans. Mark Sainsbury, Louis Dumont, and Basia Gulati. Complete rev. English ed. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Dumont, Louis. 1986. Essays on Individualism: Modern Ideology in Anthropological Perspective. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Dumont, Louis. 1994. German Ideology: From France to Germany and Back. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Durkheim, Émile. 1974. Sociology and Philosophy. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Elisha, Omri. 2011. Moral Ambition: Mobilization and Social Outreach in Evangelical Megachurches. Anthropology of Christianity 12. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Faubion, James D. 2011. An Anthropology of Ethics. New Departures in Anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ferguson, James. 2015. Give a Man a Fish: Reflections on the New Politics of Distribution. The Lewis Henry Morgan lectures 2009. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Firth, Raymond. 1953. ‘The Study of Values by Social Anthropologists: The Marett Lecture, 1953’. Man, 53: 146.Google Scholar
Frankfurt, Harry G. 1999. Necessity, Volition, and Love. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Freeman, Deena. 2015. ‘Techniques of Happiness: Moving Toward and Away from the Good Life in a Rural Ethiopian Community’. HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory, 5(3): 157–76.Google Scholar
Graeber, David. 2001. Toward an Anthropological Theory of Value: The False Coin of Our Own Dreams. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Graeber, David. 2013. ‘It Is Value That Brings Universes into Being’. HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory, 3(2): 219–43.Google Scholar
Haynes, Naomi. 2017. ‘Contemporary Africa through the Theory of Louis Dumont’. Sociologia & Antropologia, 7(3): 715–34.Google Scholar
Haynes, Naomi. 2018. ‘Why Can‘t a Pastor Be President of a “Christian Nation”? Pentecostal Politics As Religious Mediation’. PoLAR, 41(1): 6074.Google Scholar
Hickel, Jason and Haynes, Naomi, eds. 2018. Hierarchy and Value: Comparative Perspectives on Moral Order. Studies in Social Analysis 7. New York: Berghahn.Google Scholar
Iteanu, André. 2013. ‘The Two Conceptions of Value’. HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory, 3(1): 155–71.Google Scholar
Iteanu, André and Moya, Ismaël. 2015. ‘Introduction: Mister D. Radical Comparison, Values, and Ethnographic Theory’. hau, 5(1): 113.Google Scholar
Joas, Hans. 2000. The Genesis of Values. Cambridge: Polity.Google Scholar
Keane, Webb. 2016. Ethical Life: Its Natural and Social Histories. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Klenk, Michael. 2019. ‘Moral Philosophy and the “Ethical Turn” in Anthropology’. ZEMO, 33(124): 124.Google Scholar
Kluckhohn, Clyde. 1951. ‘Values and Value-Orientation in the Theory of Action: An Exploration in Definition and Classification’, in Parsons, Talcott and Shils, Edward A. (eds.), Toward a General Theory of Action. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press: 388433.Google Scholar
Laidlaw, James. 2002. ‘For an Anthropology of Ethics and Freedom’. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 8(2): 311–32.Google Scholar
Laidlaw, James. 2014. The Subject of Virtue: An Anthropology of Ethics and Freedom. New Departures in Anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Laidlaw, James. 2017. ‘Fault Lines in the Anthropology of Ethics’, in Mattingly, Cheryl (ed.), Moral Engines: Exploring the Ethical Drives in Human Life. Wyse Series in Social Anthropology 5. New York: Berghahn Books: 174–93.Google Scholar
Lambek, Michael. 2010. ‘Introduction’, in Lambek (ed.), Michael, Ordinary Ethics: Anthropology, Language, and Action. 1st ed. New York: Fordham University Press: 136.Google Scholar
Lauterbach, Karen. 2017. Christianity, Wealth, and Spiritual Power in Ghana. Cham: Springer International Publishing.Google Scholar
Mahmood, Saba. 2005. Politics of Piety: The Islamic Revival and the Feminist Subject. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Maxwell, David. 1998. ‘“Delivered from the Spirit of Poverty?”: Pentecostalism, Prosperity and Modernity in Zimbabwe’. Journal of Religion in Africa, 28(3): 350–73.Google Scholar
Munn, Nancy D. 1986. The Fame of Gawa: A Symbolic Study of Value Transformation in a Massim (Papua New Guinea) Society. The Lewis Henry Morgan lectures 1976. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ortner, Sherry B. 2016. ‘Dark Anthropology and Its Others’. HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory, 6(1): 4773.Google Scholar
Otto, Ton and Willerslev, Rane. 2013a. ‘Introduction: “Value as Theory” – Comparison, Cultural Critique, and Guerrilla Ethnographic Theory’. HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory, 3(1): 120.Google Scholar
Otto, Ton. and Willerslev, Rane 2013b. ‘Prologue: Value as Theory – Value, Action, and Critique’. HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory, 3(2): 110.Google Scholar
Piliavsky, Anastasia and Sbriccoli, Tommaso. 2016. ‘The Ethics of Efficacy in North India‘s Goonda Raj (Rule of Toughs)’. The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 22(2): 373–91.Google Scholar
Rio, Knut M. and Smedal, Olaf H., eds. 2009. Hierarchy: Persistence and Transformation in Social Formations. New York: Berghahn Books.Google Scholar
Robbins, Joel. 1994. ‘Equality as a Value: Ideology in Dumont, Melanesia and the West’. Social Analysis: The International Journal of Social and Cultural Practice, 36: 2170.Google Scholar
Robbins, Joel. 2004. Becoming Sinners: Christianity and Moral Torment in a Papua New Guinea Society. Ethnographic Studies in Subjectivity 4. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Robbins, Joel. 2007. ‘Between Reproduction and Freedom: Morality, Value, and Radical Cultural Change’. Ethnos, 72(3): 293314.Google Scholar
Robbins, Joel. 2012. ‘Cultural Values’, in Fassin, Didier (ed.), A Companion to Moral Anthropology. Blackwell Companions to Anthropology 20. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell: 117–32.Google Scholar
Robbins, Joel. 2013a. ‘Beyond the Suffering Subject: Toward an Anthropology of the Good’. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 19(3): 447–62.Google Scholar
Robbins, Joel. 2013b. ‘Monism, Pluralism, and the Structure of Value Relations: A Dumontian Contribution to the Contemporary Study of Value’. HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory, 3(1): 99115.Google Scholar
Robbins, Joel. 2013c. ‘Why Is There No Political Theology among the Urapmin? On Diarchy, Sects As Big as Society, and the Diversity of Pentecostal Politics’, in Tomlinson, Matt and McDougall, Debra (eds.), Christian Politics in Oceania. ASAO Studies in Pacific Anthropology 2. New York: Berghahn Books: 199210.Google Scholar
Robbins, Joel. 2015a. ‘On Happiness, Values, and Time: The Long and the Short of It’. hau, 5(3): 215–33.Google Scholar
Robbins, Joel. 2015b. ‘Dumont‘s Hierarchical Dynamism: Christianity and Individualism Revisited’. hau, 5(1): 173.Google Scholar
Robbins, Joel. 2018a. ‘Anthropology between Europe and the Pacific: Values and the Prospects for a Relationship beyond Relativism’. Pacific Studies, 41(1): 120.Google Scholar
Robbins, Joel. 2018b. ‘Where in the World Are Values?’ in Laidlaw, James, Bodenhorn, Barbara, and Holbraad, Martin (eds.), Recovering the Human Subject: Freedom, Creativity, and Decision. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 174–92.Google Scholar
Robbins, Joel and Siikala, Jukka. 2014. ‘Hierarchy and Hybridity: Toward a Dumontian Approach to Contemporary Cultural Change’. Anthropological Theory, 14(2): 121–32.Google Scholar
Robbins, Joel and Sommerschuh, Julian. 2016. ‘Values’, in Stein, Felix, Lazar, Sian, Candea, Matei, Diemberger, Hildegard, Robbins, Joel, Sanchez, Andrew, and Stasch, Rupert (eds.), The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. http://doi.org/10.29164/16values.Google Scholar
Scheele, Judith. 2015. ‘The Values of “Anarchy”: Moral Autonomy among Tubu-Speakers in Northern Chad’. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 21(1): 3248.Google Scholar
Scheler, Max. 1973. Formalism in Ethics and Non-Formal Ethics of Values: A New Attempt toward the Foundation of an Ethical Personalism. Northwestern University Studies in Phenomenology and Existential Philosophy. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.Google Scholar
Scherz, China. 2017. ‘Persistent Forms: Catholic Charity Homes and the Limits of Neoliberal Morality’, in Rudnyckyj, Daromir and Osella, Filippo (eds.), Religion and the Morality of the Market. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 177–95.Google Scholar
Schnädelbach, Herbert. 1984. German Philosophy, 1831–1933. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Smedal, Olaf. H. 2016. ‘Demotion as Value: Rank Infraction among the Ngadha in Flores, Indonesia’. Social Analysis, 60(4): 114–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sommerschuh, Julian. 2019. Whatever Happened to Respect? Values and Change in a Southwest Ethiopian (Aari) Community. Doctoral thesis, University of Cambridge.Google Scholar
Sommerschuh, Julian. 2022. ‘From Feasting to Accumulation: Modes of Value Realisation and Radical Cultural Change in Southern Ethiopia’. Ethnos, 87(5): 893913. DOI: 10.1080/00141844.2020.1828971.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spader, Peter H. 2002. Scheler’s Ethical Personalism: Its Logic, Development, and Promise. New York: Fordham University Press.Google Scholar
Stasch, Rupert. 2009. Society of Others: Kinship and Mourning in a West Papuan Place. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Stecker, Robert. 2005. ‘The Interaction of Ethical and Aesthetic Value’. The British Journal of Aesthetics, 45(2): 138–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stocker, Michael. 1990. Plural and Conflicting Values. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Turner, Terence S. 1979. ‘The Gê and Bororo Societies as Dialectical Systems: A General Model’, in Maybury-Lewis, David (ed.), Dialectical Societies. Harvard Studies in Cultural Anthropology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press: 147–78.Google Scholar
Venkatesan, Soumhya. 2015. ‘There Is No Such Thing As the Good: The 2013 Meeting of the Group for Debates in Anthropological Theory’. Critique of Anthropology, 35(4): 430–80.Google Scholar
Weber, Max. 1946. From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Williams, Bernard. 1981. Moral Luck. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Williams, Bernard. 2011 [1985]. Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Wolf, Susan. 1982. ‘Moral Saints’. Journal of Philosophy, 79(8): 419–39.Google Scholar
Wolf, Susan. 2015. The Variety of Values: Essays on Morality, Meaning, and Love. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Wong, David B. 2014. ‘Integrating Philosophy with Anthropology in an Approach to Morality’. Anthropological Theory, 14(3): 336–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zigon, Jarrett. 2007. ‘Moral Breakdown and the Ethical Demand: A Theoretical Framework for an Anthropology of Moralities’. Anthropological Theory, 7(2): 131–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zigon, Jarrett. 2014. ‘An Ethics of Dwelling and a Politics of World-Building: A Critical Response to Ordinary Ethics’. The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 20(4): 746–64.Google Scholar
Zigon, Jarrett. 2018. Disappointment: Toward a Critical Hermeneutics of Worldbuilding. 1st ed. New York: Fordham University Press.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×