Book contents
- Cambridge Guide to Schema Therapy
- Cambridge Guides to the Psychological Therapies
- Reviews
- Cambridge Guide to Schema Therapy
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Foreword
- Preface
- A Note from the Series Editor
- Acknowledgements
- Part I Overview of the Schema Therapy Model
- Part II The Model of Schema Therapy in Practice
- Part III Applications and Adaptations for Mental Health Presentations
- Chapter 13 Schema Therapy for Chronic Depression and Anxiety Disorders
- Chapter 14 Working with Complex Trauma and Dissociation in Schema Therapy
- Chapter 15 Schema Therapy for Eating Disorders
- Part IV Application of Schema Therapy in Different Populations and in Different Settings
- Appendix Interview Questions/Guidance for the Assessment Process (Chapter 3)
- Index
- References
Chapter 14 - Working with Complex Trauma and Dissociation in Schema Therapy
from Part III - Applications and Adaptations for Mental Health Presentations
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 27 July 2023
Book contents
- Cambridge Guide to Schema Therapy
- Cambridge Guides to the Psychological Therapies
- Reviews
- Cambridge Guide to Schema Therapy
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Foreword
- Preface
- A Note from the Series Editor
- Acknowledgements
- Part I Overview of the Schema Therapy Model
- Part II The Model of Schema Therapy in Practice
- Part III Applications and Adaptations for Mental Health Presentations
- Chapter 13 Schema Therapy for Chronic Depression and Anxiety Disorders
- Chapter 14 Working with Complex Trauma and Dissociation in Schema Therapy
- Chapter 15 Schema Therapy for Eating Disorders
- Part IV Application of Schema Therapy in Different Populations and in Different Settings
- Appendix Interview Questions/Guidance for the Assessment Process (Chapter 3)
- Index
- References
Summary
Schema therapy is a model designed for adverse childhood experiences and is well suited as a treatment framework for complex post-traumatic stress disorder cases. Schema therapy can provide a middle path between trauma-focused and phase-based approaches. Rather than focusing on stability before moving to trauma processing (primarily via imagery rescripting), the focus is on the client’s emotional needs. Schema therapy does not primarily focus on stability as a core treatment process. Instead, trauma-processing imagery and other experiential exercises are encouraged to commence early in treatment, focusing on creating corrective emotional experiences for the client involving experiences of getting their needs met (e.g., for safety, validation etc.). There are two main ways to conceptualise schema therapy for complex PTSD: 1) as a ready-made approach that incorporates imagery rescripting as the primary trauma-focused approach; and 2) a broader integrative approach, where a range of trauma-focused interventions (e.g., EMDR) can be embedded within a schema therapy conceptualisation.
Keywords
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Cambridge Guide to Schema Therapy , pp. 266 - 278Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2023
References
Felitti, V, Anda, R, Nordenberg, D, et al. Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 1998;14(4):245–58.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Herman, J. Complex PTSD: A syndrome in survivors of prolonged and repeated trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress. 1992;5(3):377–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cloitre, M. Complex PTSD: assessment and treatment. European Journal of Psychotraumatology. 2021; 12:1866423.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
World Health Organization. International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (11th ed.) [Online]. 2019 (cited July 2021). https://icd.who.int/.Google Scholar
Cloitre, M, Courtois, C, Ford, J, et al. The ISTSS expert consensus treatment guidelines for complex PTSD in adults. 2012. www.istss.org/treating-trauma/istss-complex-ptsd-treatment-guidelines.aspx.Google Scholar
De Jongh, A, Resick, P, Zoellner, L, et al. Critical analysis of the current treatment guidelines for complex PTSD in adults. Depression and Anxiety. 2016;33(5):359–69.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Royal Commission into Invitational Responses to Childhood Sexual Abuse [Internet], Canberra. Final report. 2017. www.childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au/final-report.Google Scholar
Ullman, S, Brecklin, L. Sexual assault history and health-related outcomes in a national sample of women. Psychology of Women Quarterly. 2003;27(1):46–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ahrens, C, Stansell, J, Jennings, A. To tell or not to tell: The impact of disclosure on sexual assault survivors’ recovery. Violence and Victims. 2010;25(5):631–48.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boterhoven de Haan, K, Lee, CW, Correia, H, et al. clients and therapist perspectives on treatment for adults with PTSD from childhood trauma. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021;10(5):954.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weathers, F, Blake, D, Schnurr, P, et al. The life events checklist for DSM-5 (LEC-5) PTSD. National Center for PTSD; 2013.Google Scholar
Barnes, J, Noll, J, Putnam, F, Trickett, P. Sexual and physical revictimization among victims of severe childhood sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect. 2009;33(7):412–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Knipe, J. EMDR toolbox: Theory and treatment of complex PTSD and dissociation. Springer Publishing Company; 2018.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernstein, D, van den Broek, E. Schema Mode Observer Rating Scale (SMORS). Unpublished manuscript, Department of Psychology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands; 2006.Google Scholar
Korn, D, Leeds, A. Preliminary evidence of efficacy for EMDR resource development and installation in the stabilization phase of treatment of complex posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2002;58(12):1465–87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Phoenix Australia Australian guidelines for the Prevention and treatment of Acute Stress Disorder, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Complex PTSD. 2021. www.phoenixaustralia.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Chapter-7.-CPTSD.pdf.Google Scholar
Cloitre, M, Courtois, C, Ford, J, et al. The ISTSS expert consensus treatment guidelines for complex PTSD in adults. 2012. www.istss.org/treating-trauma/istss-complex-ptsd-treatment-guidelines.aspx.Google Scholar
Huntjens, RJ, Rijkeboer, MM, Arntz, A. Schema therapy for dissociative identity disorder (DID): Rationale and study protocol. European Journal of Psychotraumatology. 2019;10(1):1571377.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lynn, S, Maxwell, R, Merckelbach, H, et al. Dissociation and its disorders: Competing models, future directions, and a way forward. Clinical Psychology Review. 2019;73:101755.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schauer, M, Elbert, T. Dissociation following traumatic stress. Zeitschrift für Psychologie/Journal of Psychology. 2010;218(2):109–27.Google Scholar
Siegel, D. Developing mind: How relationships and the brain interact to shape who we are, 3rd ed. Guilford Press; 2020.Google Scholar
Ogden, P. Modulation, mindfulness, and movement in the treatment of trauma-related depression. In: Kernan, M, ed. Clinical pearls of wisdom: Twenty one leading therapists offer their key insights. Norton & Company; 2010. pp. 1–13.Google Scholar
Leutner, S, Piedfort-Marin, O. The concept of ego state: From historical background to future perspectives. European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation. 2021;5(4):100184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nijenhuis, E, van der Hart, O, Steele, K. Trauma-related structural dissociation of the personality. Activitas Nervosa Superior. 2010;52(1):1–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ehring, T, Welboren, R, Morina, N, et al. Meta-analysis of psychological treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder in adult survivors of childhood abuse. Clinical Psychology Review. 2014;34(8):645–57.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
De Haan, K, Lee, C, Fassbinder, E, et al. Imagery rescripting and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing as treatment for adults with post-traumatic stress disorder from childhood trauma: Randomised clinical trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2020;217(5):609–15.Google Scholar
Lee, C, Boterhoven de Haan, K. Working with trauma memories and complex post-traumatic stress disorder. In Heath, G, Startup, H, ed. Creative methods in schema therapy: Advances and innovation in clinical practice. Routledge; 2020.Google Scholar
Arntz, A, Weertman, A. Treatment of childhood memories: Theory and practice. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 1999;37(8):715–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed