Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T07:28:43.006Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

9 - Public Finance

from Part II - 1000 to 1800

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 February 2022

By
Christian Lamouroux  and
Richard von Glahn
Edited by
Debin Ma  and
Richard von Glahn
Debin Ma
Affiliation:
Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo
Richard von Glahn
Affiliation:
University of California, Los Angeles
Get access

Summary

The long transition – often marred by violence – between Tang and Song discerned by Naitō Konan marked the advent of a new world. The An Lushan Rebellion (755–763) triggered profound political and military crises that shattered the institutions of the Tang dynasty, but also set in motion the slow progression of the market economy, which the Tang leadership began to see as the necessary means to restore its fiscal authority. With the collapse of the equal-field system of state land allocations in the wake of the rebellion, the Tang abandoned the principle of uniform, in-kind taxation of farming households as the basis of its fiscal and military systems. Urgent necessity prompted the adoption of new and more flexible fiscal strategies to secure revenues from commerce and consumption. The expansion of the market economy mitigated the Confucian elite’s traditional hostility toward commerce and acted as a key catalyst for the mercantilist policies pursued by the southern kingdoms during the first half of the tenth century.

Keywords

fiscal statecoinagetaxationruzhong systemmonetary faminepaper moneylijiaSingle-Whip systemNew Policiessilverization
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Economic History of China , pp. 340 - 380
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Weimin, Bao 包偉民, Songdai difang caizheng shi yanjiu 宋代地方財政史研究 (Shanghai, Shanghai guji chubanshe, 2001).Google Scholar
Feng, Chen 陈锋, Qingdai caizheng zhengce yu huobi zhengce yanjiu 清代财政政策与货币政策研究 (Wuhan, Wuhan daxue chubanshe, 2008).Google Scholar
Feng, Chen, Qingdai yanzheng yu yanshui 清代盐政与盐税, 2nd ed. (Wuhan, Wuhan daxue chubanshe, 2013).Google Scholar
Gaohua, Chen 陳高華, “Yuandai shuiliang zhidu chutan” 元代稅糧制度初探, in daxue lishixi, Nanjing yanjiushi, yuanshi 南京大学历史系元史研究室 (ed.), Yuan shi lunji 元史論集 (Beijing, Renmin chubanshe, 1984), 340–71.Google Scholar
Dai, Yingcong, “Military Finance of the High Qing Period: An Overview,” in di Cosmo, Nicola (ed.), Military Culture in Imperial China (Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 2009), pp. 296–316.Google Scholar
Congming, Gao 高聰明, Songdai huobi yu huobi liutong yanjiu 宋代貨幣與貨幣流通研究 (Baoding, Hebei daxue chubanshe, 2000).Google Scholar
Zhengzhong, Guo 郭正忠, Songdai yanye jingji shi 宋代鹽業經濟史 (Beijing, Renmin chubanshe, 1991).Google Scholar
Hartwell, Robert, “The Imperial Treasuries: Finance and Power in Song China,” Bulletin of Sung–Yuan Studies 20 (1988), 18–89.Google Scholar
Ping, He 何平, Qingdai fushui zhengce yanjiu: 1644–1840 nian 清代赋税政策研究: 1644–1840 年, 2nd ed. (Beijing, Gugong chubanshe, 2012).Google Scholar
Huang, Ray, Taxation and Governmental Finance in Sixteenth-Century Ming China (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1974).Google Scholar
Shigeki, Iwai 岩井茂樹, Chūgoku kinsei zaisei shi no kenkyū 中國近世財政史の研究 (Kyoto, Kyōto daigaku gakujutsu shuppankai, 2004).Google Scholar
Huimin, Lai 赖惠敏, Qianlong huangdide hebao 乾隆皇帝的荷包 (Beijing, Zhonghua shuju, 2016).Google Scholar
Jiancheng, Lai 赖建诚, Bianzhen liangxiang: Mingdai zhonghouqide bianfang jingfei yu guojia caizheng weiji, 1531–1602 边镇粮饷:明代中后期的边防经费与国家财政危机 (Hangzhou, Zhejiang daxue chubanshe, 2010).Google Scholar
Lamouroux, Christian, Fiscalité, comptes publics et politiques financières dans la Chine des Song: Le chapitre 179 du Songshi (Paris, Institut des hautes études chinoises, 2003).Google Scholar
Liu, William Guanglin, “The Making of a Fiscal State in Song China, 960–1279,” Economic History Review 68.1 (2015), 48–78.Google Scholar
Tomoyuki, Miyazawa 宫泽知之, Sōdai Chūgoku no kokka to keizai 宋代中國の国家と經濟 (Tokyo, Shōbunsha, 1998).Google Scholar
Xia, Qi 漆俠, Songdai jingji shi 宋代經濟史 (Shanghai, Shanghai renmin chubanshe, 1988).Google Scholar
Xia, Qi, Wang Anshi bianfa 王安石變法 (Shanghai, Shanghai renmin chubanshe, 1979).Google Scholar
Schurmann, Franz, Economic Structure of the Yüan Dynasty (Cambridge, MA, Harvard-Yenching Institute, 1956).Google Scholar
Wenji, Tang 唐文基, Mingdai fuyi zhidu shi 明代赋役制度史 (Beijing, Zhongguo shehui kexue chubanshe, 1991).Google Scholar
Kaoru, Umehara 梅原郁, “Sōdai no naizō to sazō – kunshu dokusaisei no zaiko” 宋代の內藏と左藏–君主獨裁制の財庫, Tōhō gakuhō 東方学報 42.1 (1971), 127–75.Google Scholar
Shengduo, Wang 汪聖鐸, Liang Song caizheng shi 兩宋財政史 (Beijing, Zhonghua shuju, 1995).Google Scholar
Wang, Yeh-chien, Land Taxation in Imperial China, 1750–1911 (Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1973).Google Scholar
Wong, R. Bin, “Taxation and Good Governance in China, 1500–1914,” in Casalilla, Bartolomé Yun- and O’Brien, Patrick K. (eds.), The Rise of Fiscal States: A Global History, 1500–1914 (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2012), pp. 353–77.Google Scholar
Zelin, Madeleine, The Magistrate’s Tael: Rationalizing Fiscal Reform in Eighteenth-Century Ch’ing China (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1984).Google Scholar
Jinling, Zhang 張金岭, Wan Song shiqi caizheng weiji yanjiu 晚宋時期財政危機研究 (Chengdu, Sichuan daxue chubanshe, 2001).Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×