Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-669899f699-8p65j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-04-29T22:44:09.115Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

12 - Land, labour and settlement

from PART III - EAST AND WEST: ECONOMY AND SOCIETY

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 March 2008

By
Bryan Ward-Perkins
Edited by
Averil Cameron ,
Bryan Ward-Perkins  and
Michael Whitby
Averil Cameron
Affiliation:
University of Oxford
Bryan Ward-Perkins
Affiliation:
University of Oxford
Michael Whitby
Affiliation:
University of Warwick
Get access

Summary

THE ISSUES AND THE EVIDENCE

The vast majority of the population of the Roman empire, as in all pre-modern societies, worked on the land. There is a great deal we would like to know about these people: exactly how many they were; how many others they fed (whether artisans, soldiers and clergy, or idle rich); which areas they cultivated, and with what crops and which methods; to what extent their agriculture was specialized and tied into commercial networks of exchange; what types of settlement they lived in; and how tightly their labour was controlled – how many agricultural workers were free peasants cultivating their own plots, and how many dependent tenants of great landlords, wage labourers, or even slaves?

In looking at these questions for the fifth and sixth century we are often moving from a period in which the data are severely restricted into one in which they are almost completely absent. However, by combining written and archaeological evidence, and with the aid of some informed guesswork, we can sometimes at least refine the questions, even if we cannot honestly provide any very firm answers to them.

Over the last thirty to forty years, our picture of the Roman and late Roman countryside has been greatly enhanced, and in some areas transformed, by archaeology. When, in 1964, Jones published his magisterial account of the late Roman empire, he was still able largely to ignore archaeological evidence when discussing rural life.

Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Ancient History , pp. 315 - 345
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2001

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Book purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Abadie-Reynal, C. (1989) ‘Céramique et commerce dans le bassin égéen du IVe au VIIe siècle’, in Hommes et richesses I.Google Scholar
Agache, R. (1970) Détection aérienne de vestiges proto-historiques, gallo-romains et médiévaux.AmiensGoogle Scholar
Alcock, L. (1972) ‘By South Cadbury is that Camelot…’. The Excavation of Cadbury Castle 1966–1970.LondonGoogle Scholar
Alcock, L. (1987) Economy, Society and Warfare among the Britons and Saxons.CardiffGoogle Scholar
Alcock, L. (1989) Arthur’s Britain.LondonGoogle Scholar
Alcock, S. E. (1985) ‘Roman imperialism in the Greek landscape’, Journal of Roman Archaeology 2.Google Scholar
Alcock, S. E. (1993) Graecia Capta: The Landscapes of Roman Greece.CambridgeGoogle Scholar
Alföldy, G. (1974) Noricum.London—BostonGoogle Scholar
Allen, , Evagrius.Allen, Pauline (1981) Evagrius Scholasticus the Church Historian.LouvainGoogle Scholar
Amory, P. (1993) ‘The meaning and purpose of ethnic terminology in the Burgundian laws’, Early Medieval Europe 2.Google Scholar
Amory, P. (1997) People and Identity in Ostrogothic Italy 489–554.CambridgeCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, T. Jr (1995) ‘Roman military colonies in Gaul, Salian ethnogenesis and the forgotten meaning of Pactus Legis Salicae 59.5‘, Early Medieval Europe 4.Google Scholar
Angenendt, A. (1984) Kaiserherrschaft und Königstaufe: Kaiser, Könige und Päpste als geistliche Patrone in der abendländischen Missionsgeschichte.BerlinCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Angenendt, A. (1986) ‘The conversion of the Anglo-Saxons considered against the background of early medieval mission’, in Angli e Sassoni al di qua e al di là del mare (= XXXII Settimana di studio del Centro Italiano di Studi sull’Alto Medioevo) (Spoleto) II.Google Scholar
Angiolini Martinelli, P. et al. (1968–69) ‘Corpus’ della scultura paleocristiana, bizantina ed altomedioevale di Ravenna, diretto da Giuseppe Bovini. 3 vols. RomeGoogle Scholar
Anné, L. (1941) Les rites des fiançailles et la donation pour cause de mariage sous le bas-empire.LouvainGoogle Scholar
Anselmino, L. et al. (1989) Il castellum del Nador. Storia di una fattoria tra Tipasa e Caesarea (I–VI sec. d. C.) (Monografie di Archeologia Libica xxiii). RomeGoogle Scholar
Arjava, A. (1988) ‘Divorce in later Roman law’, Arctos 22.Google Scholar
Arjava, A. (1996) Women and Law in Late Antiquity.OxfordGoogle Scholar
Arnheim, M. T. W. (1972) The Senatorial Aristocracy in the Later Roman Empire.OxfordGoogle Scholar
Arrhenius, B. (1985) Merovingian Garnet Jewellery: Emergence and Social Implications.StockholmGoogle Scholar
Arthur, P. and Patterson, H. (1994) ‘Ceramics and early medieval central and southern Italy’, in Francovich, and Noyé, (1994).Google Scholar
Atlante delle forme ceramiche (1981) vol. I (Ceramica fine romana nel bacino mediterraneo. Medio e tardo impero) (= supplement to Enciclopedia dell’Arte Antica). Rome
Ausenda, G. (1995) ‘The segmentary lineage in contemporary anthropology and among the Lombards’, in Ausenda, G. (ed.), After Empire: Towards an Ethnology of Europe’s Barbarians (Woodbridge).Google Scholar
Avramea, A. and Feissel, D. (1994) ‘Inventaires en vue d’un recueil des incriptions historiques de Byzance IV, inscriptions de Thessalie (à l’exception de Météores)’, Travaux et Mémoires 14.Google Scholar
Bachrach, B. S. (1972) Merovingian Military Organisation 481–751.MinneapolisGoogle Scholar
Bachrach, B. S. (1993) ‘Grand strategy in the Germanic kingdoms: recruitment of the rank and file’, in Vallet, and Kazanski, (1993).Google Scholar
Bachrach, B. S. (1994) The Anatomy of a Little War.BoulderGoogle Scholar
Bagnall, R. (1985) ‘Agricultural productivity and taxation in later Roman Egypt’, Transactions of the American Philological Association 115.Google Scholar
Bagnall, R. (1987) ‘Church, state and divorce in late Roman Egypt’, in Selig, K. L. and Somerville, R. (eds.), Florilegium Clumbianum. Essays in Honour of Paul Oskar Kristeller (New York).Google Scholar
Bagnall, R. (1993) ‘Slavery and society in late Roman Egypt’, in Halpern, B. and Hobson, D. W. (eds.), Law, Politics and Society in the Ancient Mediterranean World (Sheffield).Google Scholar
Baker, D. (ed.) (1979) The Church in Town and Countryside (Studies in Church History 16). OxfordGoogle Scholar
Barnish, S. J. B. (1986) ‘Taxation, land, and barbarian settlement in the western empire’, Papers of the British School at Rome 54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnwell, P. S. (1992) Emperor, Prefects and Kings: The Roman West, 395–565.LondonGoogle Scholar
Bassett, S. (1988) The Origins of Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms.LeicesterGoogle Scholar
Beaucamp, J. (1990 and 1992a) Le statut de la femme à Byzance (4e–7e siècle) 1, Le droit impérial; 2, Les pratiques sociales.ParisGoogle Scholar
Beaucamp, J. (1992b) ‘L’Égypte byzantine: biens des parents, biens du couple?’, in Simon, D. (ed.), Eherecht und Familiengut in Antike und Mittelalter (Munich).Google Scholar
Bellinger, A. R. (1938) Coins from Jerash, 1928–1934 (Numismatic Notes and Monographs no. 81). New YorkGoogle Scholar
Bermond Montanari, G. (ed.) (1983) Ravenna e il porto di Classe. Venti anni di ricerche archeologiche tra Ravenna e Classe.BolognaGoogle Scholar
Bettini, M. (1988) ‘Il divieto fino al “sesto grado” incluso nel matrimonio romano’, Athenaeum 66.Google Scholar
Bettini, M. (1994) ‘De la terminologie romaine des cousins’, in Bonte, (1994).Google Scholar
Bianchi Fossati Vanzetti, M. (1983) ‘Vendita ed esposizione degli infanti da Costantino a Giustiniano’, Studia et Documenta Historiae et Iuris 49.Google Scholar
Bintliff, J. M. and Snodgrass, A. M. (1985) ‘The Cambridge/Bradford Boeotian expedition: the first four years’, Journal of Field Archaeology 12.Google Scholar
Bintliff, J. (1983) ‘The development of settlement in south-west Boeotia’, in Roesch, P. (ed.), La Béotie antique, Lyon – Saint-Etienne (6–20 mai 1983) Colloques inter-nationaux du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Paris).Google Scholar
Bintliff, J. (1985) ‘The Boeotia survey’, in Macready, S. and Thompson, F. H. (eds.), Archaeological Field Survey in Britain and Abroad (London).Google Scholar
Biondi, B. (1952–54) Il diritto romano cristiano.MilanGoogle Scholar
Biraben, J.-N. and Goff, J. (1969) ‘La peste dans le haut Moyen Âge’, Annales 24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bishop, J. (1985) ‘Bishops as marital advisors in the ninth century’, in Kirshner, J. and Wemple, S. F. (eds.), Women of the Medieval World. Essays in Honor of J. H. Mundy (Oxford).Google Scholar
Blair, J. (1991) Early Medieval Surrey: Landholding, Church and Settlement.StroudGoogle Scholar
Blair, J. and Sharpe, R. (eds.) (1992) Pastoral Care Before the Parish.LeicesterGoogle Scholar
Bonnassie, R. (1991) From Slavery to Feudalism in South-Western Europe.CambridgeCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonneau, D. (1970) ‘L’administration de l’irrigation dans les grands domaines en Égypte au VIe siècle de n.e.’, in Samuel, D. H. (ed.), Proceedings of the Twelfth International Congress of Papyrology (Toronto).Google Scholar
Bonte, P. (ed.) (1994) Épouser au plus proche. Inceste, prohibitions et stratégies matrimoniales autour de la Méditerranée.ParisGoogle Scholar
Boswell, J. (1989) The Kindness of Strangers: The Abandonment of Children in Western Europe from Late Antiquity to the Renaissance.New YorkGoogle Scholar
Bowman, A. (1994) Life and Letters on the Roman Frontier: Vindolanda and its People.LondonGoogle Scholar
Brandes, W. (1989) Die Städte Kleinasiens im 7. und 8. Jahrhundert.BerlinGoogle Scholar
Breeze, D. (1984) ‘Demand and supply on the northern frontier’, in Miket, R. and Burgess, C. (eds.), Between and Beyond the Walls: Essays on the Prehistory and History of North Britain in Honour of George Johey (Edinburgh).Google Scholar
Bremmer, J. (1983) ‘The importance of the maternal uncle and grandfather in archaic and classical Greece and early Byzantium’, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 50.Google Scholar
Bresson, A. (1985) ‘Graphes et réseaux de parenté en Grèce ancienne’, in Informatique et prosopographie, Paris 1984 (Paris).Google Scholar
Brogiolo, G. P. (1994), ‘Castra tardoantichi (IV-metà VI)’, in Francovich, and Noyé, (1994).Google Scholar
Brogiolo, G. P. and Gelichi, S. (eds.) (1996) Le ceramiche altomedievali (fine VI–X secolo) in Italia settentrionale: produzione e commerci, MantuaGoogle Scholar
Brown, P. R. L. (1988) The Body and Society: Men, Women and Sexual Renunciation in Early Christianity.New YorkGoogle Scholar
Brown, P. R. L. (1992) Power and Persuasion in Late Antiquity.MadisonGoogle Scholar
Brown, P. R. L. (1996) The Rise of Western Christendom: Triumph and Diversity AD 200–1000.OxfordGoogle Scholar
Brown, , Society and the Holy.Brown, P. (1982) Society and the Holy in Late Antiquity.Berkeley and Los AngelesGoogle Scholar
Bruce-Mitford, R. (1975–83) The Sutton Hoo Ship-Burial. 3 vols. in 4 parts. LondonGoogle Scholar
Burgess, R. W. (1993/1994) ‘The accession of Marcian in the light of Chalcedonian apologetic and Monophysite polemic’, Byzantinische Zeitschrift 86/87.Google Scholar
Burkitt, F. C. (1913) Euphemia and the Goth, with the Acts of the Martyrdom of the Confessors of Edessa.LondonGoogle Scholar
Burns, T. S. (1992) ‘The settlement of 418’, in Drinkwater, and Elton, (eds.), Fifth-Century Gaul.Google Scholar
Butler, H. C. (1920) Syria: Publications of the Princeton University Archaeological Expeditions to Syria in 1904–5 and 1909, II. Architecture, Section B Northern Syria.LeidenGoogle Scholar
Caillet, J.-P. (1993) L’évergétisme monumental chrétien en Italie et à ses marges (Collection de l’École Française de Rome, 175). RomeGoogle Scholar
Cameron, Alan and Long, J. (1993) Barbarians and Politics at the Court of Arcadius.BerkeleyGoogle Scholar
Cameron, Alan (1978) ‘The House of Anastasius’, Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies 19.Google Scholar
Cameron, Averil (1993) The Later Roman Empire, A. D. 284–430.LondonGoogle Scholar
Carandini, A. et al. (1983) ‘Rapporto preliminare delle campagne 1973–77’, Quaderni di Archeologia della Libia 13.Google Scholar
Carletti, C. (1977) ‘Aspetti biometrici del matrimonio nelle iscrizioni cristiane di Roma’, Augustinianum 17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carrié, J. M. (1986) ‘L’esercito: trasformazioni funzionali ed economie locali’, in Giardina, (ed.), Società romana.Google Scholar
Carver, M. O. H. (1993) Arguments in Stone: Archaeological Research and the European Town in the First Millennium (Oxbow Monograph 29). OxfordGoogle Scholar
Casey, P. J. (1993) ‘The end of fort garrisons on Hadrian’s Wall: a hypothetical model’, in Vallet, and Kazanski, (1993).Google Scholar
Castagnetti, A. (1979) L’organizzazione del territorio rurale nel medioevo. Circoscrizioni ecclesiastiche e civili nella ‘Langobardia’ e nella ‘Romania’.TurinGoogle Scholar
Castello, C. (1983) ‘Assenza d’ispirazione cristiana in C. Th. 3, 16, 1’, in Religion, société et politique. Mélanges en hommage à Jacques Ellul (Paris).Google Scholar
Castello, C. (1988) ‘Legislazione costantiniana e conciliare in tema di scioglimento degli sponsali e di ratto’, in Atti dell’ Accademia Romanistica Costantiniana, VII Convegno Internazionale, 1985 (Perugia).Google Scholar
Chadwick, H. (1979) ‘The relativity of moral codes: Rome and Persia in late antiquity’, in Schoedel, W. R. and Wilken, R. M. (eds.), Early Christian Literature and the Classical Intellectual Tradition: In Honorem R. M. Grant (Paris).Google Scholar
Charles-Edwards, T. (1988) ‘Early medieval kingships in the British Isles’, in Bassett, (1988).Google Scholar
Charpentier, G. (1994) ‘Les bains de Sergilla’, Syria 71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chastagnol, A. (1966) Le sénat romain sous le règne d’Odoacre: recherches sur l’épigraphie du Colisée au Ve siècle.BonnGoogle Scholar
Cheyette, F. L. (1977) ‘The origins of European villages and the first European expansion’, Journal of Economic History 37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chrysos, E. K. (1993) ‘Cyprus in early Byzantine times’, in Bryer, A. A. M. and Georghallides, G. S. (eds.), ‘The Sweet Land of Cyprus’, Papers given at the Twenty-Fifth Jubilee Symposium of Byzantine Studies, Birmingham, March 1991 (Nicosia and Birmingham).Google Scholar
Chrysos, E. K. and Schwarcz, A. (eds.) (1989) Das Reich und die Barbaren.ViennaCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, E. A. (1990) The Origenist Controversy: The Cultural Construction of an Early Christian Debate.PrincetonGoogle Scholar
Claude, D. (1969) Die byzantinische Stadt im 6. Jahrhundert.MunichGoogle Scholar
Claude, D. (1980) ‘Freedmen in the Visigothic kingdom’, in James, (1980a).Google Scholar
Clover, F. (1989) ‘The symbiosis of Romans and Vandals in Africa’, in Chrysos, and Schwarcz, (1989).Google Scholar
Cohen, B. (1949) ‘Betrothal in Jewish and Roman Law’, Proceedings of the American Academy for Jewish Research 18 (= Cohen, (1966) Jewish and Roman Law: A Comparative Study (New York) I)Google Scholar
Collins, R. (1977) ‘Julian of Toledo and the royal succession in late seventh-century Spain’, in Sawyer, and Wood, (1977).Google Scholar
Collins, R. (1980) ‘Mérida and Toledo: 550–585’, in James, (1980a).Google Scholar
Collins, R. (1983a) Early Medieval Spain: Unity in Diversity 400–1000.LondonCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collins, R. (1983b) ‘Theodebert I: Res Magnus Francorum‘, in Wormald, P. (ed.), Ideal and Reality in Frankish and Anglo-Saxon Society (Oxford).Google Scholar
Collins, R. (1985) ‘Sicut Lex Gothorum continet: law and charters in ninth- and tenth-century Leon and Catalonia’, English Historical Review 100.Google Scholar
Collins, R. (1986) ‘Visigothic law and regional custom in early medieval Spain’, in Davies, and Fouracre, (1986).Google Scholar
Conrad, L. I. (1986) ‘The plague in Bilâd al-Shâm in pre-Islamic times’, in Bakhit, M. A. and Asfour, M. (eds.), Proceedings of the Symposium on Bilâd al-Shâm during the Byzantine Period (1983) (Amman) II.Google Scholar
Corbier, M. (1991) ‘Constructing kinship in Rome: marriage and divorce, filiation and adoption’, in Kertzer, and Saller, (1991).Google Scholar
Cornell, T. (1993) ‘The end of Roman imperial expansion’, in Rich, and Shipley, (1993).Google Scholar
Courtois, C., Leschi, L., Perrat, C. and Saumagne, C. (1952) Tablettes Albertini: actes privés de l’époque vandale.ParisGoogle Scholar
Cristianizzazione ed organizzazione ecclesiastica delle campagne nell’alto medioevo: espansione e resistenze (1982) (= XXVIII Settimana di studio del Centro Italiano di Studi sull’Alto Medioevo). Spoleto
Crouzel, H. (1971) L’Église primitive face au divorce.ParisCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cubitt, C. (1995) Anglo-Saxon Church Councils c. 650–c. 850.LeicesterGoogle Scholar
Cumont, F. (1924) ‘Les unions entre proches à Doura et chez les Perses’, Comptes rendus de l’Academie des inscriptions et des belles lettres.Google Scholar
Cunliffe, B. (1978) Iron Age Communities in Britain. 2nd edn. LondonGoogle Scholar
Curtius, E. (1953) European Literature and the Latin Middle Ages.London (first published as Europäische Literatur und lateinisches Mittelalter, Bern 1948)Google Scholar
Dagron, G. (1979) ‘Entre village et cité: la bourgade rurale des IVe–VIIe siècles en Orient’, Koinônia 3 (= Dagron, (1984b) viii)Google Scholar
Dagron, G. (1984a) ‘Les villes de l’Illyricum protobyzantin’, in Villes et peuplement (1984).Google Scholar
Dagron, G. (1984b) La romanité chrétienne en Orient.LondonGoogle Scholar
Dark, K. R. (1994) Civitas to Kingdom: British Political Community 300–800.LeicesterGoogle Scholar
Dauphin, C. (1980) ‘Mosaic pavements as an index of prosperity and fashion’, Levant 12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davies, W. (1982) Wales in the Early Middle Ages.LeicesterGoogle Scholar
Davies, W. (1988) Small Worlds: The Village Community in Early Medieval Brittany.LondonGoogle Scholar
Davies, W. and Fouracre, P. (eds.) (1986) The Settlement of Disputes in Early Medieval Europe.CambridgeCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davies, W. and Fouracre, P. (eds.) (1995) Property and Power in the Early Middle Ages.CambridgeCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dawes, E. and Baynes, N. H. (1948) Three Byzantine Saints.London and OxfordGoogle Scholar
Demandt, A. (1989) ‘The osmosis of late Roman and Germanic aristocracies’, in Chrysos, and Schwarcz, (1989).Google Scholar
Démiansd’Archimbaud, G. (1994) L’oppidum de Saint-Blaise du Ve au VIIe s.ParisGoogle Scholar
Dentzer, J.-M. (ed.) (1985) Hauran I. Recherches archéologiques sur la Syrie du Sud à l’époque hellénistique et romaine.ParisGoogle Scholar
Dodge, H. and Ward-Perkins, B. (eds.) (1992) Marble in Antiquity. Collected Papers of J. B. Ward-Perkins.LondonGoogle Scholar
Doehaerd, R. (1971) Le haut moyen âge occidental. Économies et sociétés.ParisGoogle Scholar
Dam, R. (1992) ‘The Pirenne thesis and fifth-century Gaul’, in Drinkwater, and Elton, (eds.), Fifth-Century GaulGoogle Scholar
Drinkwater, J. F. (1992) ‘The bacaudae of fifth-century Gaul’, in Drinkwater, and Elton, (eds.) Fifth-Century Gaul.Google Scholar
Duby, G. (1974) The Early Growth of the European Economy.LondonGoogle Scholar
Durliat, J. (1988) ‘Le salaire de la paix sociale dans les royaumes barbares (Ve–VIe siècles)’, in Wolfram, H. and Schwarcz, A. (eds.), Anerkennung und Integration (Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, phil.-hist. Kl. Denkmalschriften 193).Google Scholar
Durliat, J. (1989) ‘La peste du VIe siècle. Pour un nouvel examen des sources byzantines’, in Hommes et richesses I.Google Scholar
Durliat, J. (1990a) De la ville antique à la ville byzantine. Le problème des subsistances (Collection de l’École Française de Rome 136). RomeGoogle Scholar
Durliat, J. (1990b) Les Finances Publiques de Dioclétien aux Carolingiens (284–888) (Beihefte der Francia 21). SigmaringenGoogle Scholar
Durliat, J. (1993) ‘Armée et société vers 600. Le problème des soldes’, in Vallet, and Kazanski, (1993).Google Scholar
Dvornik, F. (1966) Early Christian and Byzantine Political Philosophy: Origins and Background. vol. 2. Washington, DCGoogle Scholar
Edwards, N. (1990) The Archaeology of Early Medieval Ireland.LondonGoogle Scholar
Ellis, S. (1985) ‘Carthage in the seventh century, an expanding population’, Cahiers des études anciennes 17.Google Scholar
Elton, H. (1996) Warfare in Roman Europe AD 350–420.OxfordGoogle Scholar
Empereur, J.-Y. and Picon, M. (1989) ‘Les régions de production d’amphores impériales en Méditerranée orientale’, in Amphores romaines et histoire économique: dix ans de recherche (Collection de l’École Française de Rome 114) (Rome).Google Scholar
Esmonde Cleasry, A. S. (1989) The Ending of Roman Britain.LondonGoogle Scholar
Ossel, P. (1992) Établissements ruraux de l’Antiquité tardive dans le nord de la Gaule. ParisGoogle Scholar
Evans Grubbs, J. (1989) ‘Abduction marriage in antiquity: a law of Constantine (Codex Theodosianus, ed. Mommsen, T., Berlin, 1905 ix. 24. 1) and its social context’, Journal of Roman Studies 79.Google Scholar
Evans Grubbs, J. (1995) Law and Family in Late Antiquity: The Emperor Constantine’s Marriage Legislation.OxfordGoogle Scholar
Ewig, E. (1963) ‘Résidence et capitale pendant le haut Moyen Age’, Revue historique 230.Google Scholar
Fabre, P. (1949) Saint Paulin de Nole et l’amitié chrétienne (Bibliothèque des Écoles Françaises d’Athènes et de Rome, 161). ParisGoogle Scholar
Farka, C. (1993–94) ‘Räuberhorden in Thrakien. Eine unbeachtete Quelle zur Geschichte der Zeit des Kaisers Maurikios’, Byzantinische Zeitschrift 86/87.Google Scholar
Feissel, D. and Kaygusuz, I. (1985) ‘Un mandement impérial du VIe siècle dans une inscription d’Hadrianoupolis d’Honoriade’, Travaux et Mémoires 9.Google Scholar
Feissel, D. and Philippidis-Braat, A. (1985) ‘Inventaires en vue d’un recueil des inscriptions historiques de Byzance III, Inscriptions du Péloponnèse (à l’éxception de Mistra)’, Travaux et Mémoires 9.Google Scholar
Fentress, E. and Perkins, P. (1988) ‘Counting African Red Slip Ware’, in Mastino, A. (ed.), L’Africa romana. Atti del V convegno di studi, Sassari 11–13 dicembre 1987.Google Scholar
Festugière, A. J. (1969) ‘L’ordre de lecture des dialogues de Platon aux Ve/VIe siècles’, MH 26.Google Scholar
Festugière, A. J. (ed.) (1970) Vie de Théodore de Sykéon (Subsidia Hagiographica 48). BrusselsGoogle Scholar
Finley, M. I. (1973) The Ancient Economy.London (2nd edn London 1985)Google Scholar
Finney, P. C. (1994) The Invisible God: The Earliest Christians on Art. Oxford.Google Scholar
Fitzgerald, G. M. (1939) A Sixth-Century Monastery at Beth-Shan (Scythopolis) (Publications of the Palestine Section of the University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, iv). PhiladelphiaGoogle Scholar
Fortin, E. L. (1959) Christianisme et culture philosophique au cinquième siècle.ParisGoogle Scholar
Foss, C. (1975) ‘The Persians in Asia Minor and the end of antiquity’, English Historical Review 90.Google Scholar
Foss, C. (1979) Ephesus after Antiquity: A Late Antique, Byzantine and Turkish City.CambridgeGoogle Scholar
Foss, C. (1995) ‘The near eastern countryside in late antiquity: a review article’ in Journal of Roman Archaeology, supplementary series 14Google Scholar
Foss, C. (1995) ‘The near eastern countryside in late antiquity: a review article’, The Roman and Byzantine Near East: Some Recent Archaeological Research (Journal of Roman Archaeology supplementary series 14).Google Scholar
Fouracre, P. (1986) ‘Placita and the settlement of disputes in later Merovingian Francia’, in Davies, and Fouracre, (1986).Google Scholar
Fouracre, P. (1995) ‘Eternal light and earthly needs: practical aspects of the development of Frankish immunities’, in Davies, and Fouracre, (1995).Google Scholar
Francovich, R. and Noyé, G. (1994) La storia dell’Alto Medioevo italiano (VI–X secolo) alla luce dell’archeologia.FlorenceGoogle Scholar
Frank, T. (ed.) (1933–40) An Economic Survey of Ancient Rome. 5 vols. BaltimoreGoogle Scholar
Frantz, A. (1988) Late Antiquity: A. D. 267–700 (= The Athenian Agora vol. XXIV). PrincetonGoogle Scholar
Frova, A. (ed.) (1973) Scavi di Luni. Relazione preliminaire delle campagne di scavo 1970–1971.RomeGoogle Scholar
Frova, A. (ed.) (1977) Scavi di Luni. II. Relazione delle campagne di scavo 1972 – 1973 – 1974.RomeGoogle Scholar
Frugoni, C. (1977) ‘L’iconografia del matrimonio e della coppia nel Medioevo’, in Il matrimonio nella società altomedievale II.Google Scholar
Ganz, D. (1995) ‘The ideology of sharing: apostolic community and ecclesiastical property in the early Middle Ages’, in Davies, and Fouracre, (1995).Google Scholar
Garnsey, P. and Saller, R. (1987) The Roman Empire: Economy, Society and Culture.LondonGoogle Scholar
Garnsey, P. (1988) Famine and Food Supply in the Graeco-Roman World.CambridgeCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garnsey, P. (1996) ‘Prolegomenon to a study of the land in the later Roman empire’, in Strubbe, J. H. M. R. A. Tybout and Versnel, H. S. (eds.), Energeia: Studies on Ancient History and Epigraphy presented to H. W. Pleket (Amsterdam).Google Scholar
Garnsey, P., Hopkins, K. and Whittaker, C. R. (eds.) (1983) Trade in the Ancient Economy.LondonGoogle Scholar
Gascou, J. (1985) ‘Les grands domaines, la cité et l’état en Égypte byzantine. Recherches d’histoire agraire, fiscale et administrative’, Travaux et Mémoires 9.Google Scholar
Gascou, J. (1994) ‘Deux inscriptions byzantines de Haute-Égypte’, Travaux et Mémoires 12.Google Scholar
Gaudemet, J. (1948) ‘Constantin restaurateur de l’ordre’, in Studi in onore di Siro Solazzi (Naples) (= Gaudemet, (1979) II.71–95)Google Scholar
Gaudemet, J. (1950) ‘Droit romain et principes canoniques en matière de mariage au bas-empire’, in Studi in memoria di Emilio Albertario (Milano) II.173–96 (= Gaudemet, (1979) III.163–88)Google Scholar
Gaudemet, J. (1970) ‘Le lien matrimonial: les incertitudes du Haut Moyen-Age’, in Le lien matrimonial (Strasbourg) (= Gaudemet, (1980).Google Scholar
Gaudemet, J. (1977) ‘Le legs du droit romain en matière matrimoniale’, in Il matrimonio nella società altomedievale I.139–79 (= Gaudemet, (1980).Google Scholar
Gaudemet, J. (1978a) ‘Tendances nouvelles de la législation familiale au IVe siècle’, in Transformation et conflits au IVe siècle ap. J.-C., Bordeaux 1970 (Bonn)Google Scholar
Gaudemet, J. (1978b) ‘L’intérpretation du principe d’indissolubilité du mariage chrétien au cours du premier millénaire’, Bollettino dell’Istituto di diritto romano 81 (= Gaudemet, (1980)Google Scholar
Gaudemet, J. (1979) Études de droit romain. CamerinoGoogle Scholar
Gaudemet, J. (1980) Société et mariage. StrasbourgGoogle Scholar
Gaudemet, J. (1989) L’Église dans l’empire romain (IVe–Ve siècles). ParisGoogle Scholar
Geary, P. (1985) Aristocracy in Provence: The Rhone Basin at the Dawn of the Carolingian Age. PhiladelphiaGoogle Scholar
George, J. (1992) Venantius Fortunatus: A Latin Poet in Merovingian Gaul. OxfordGoogle Scholar
Gerberding, R. A. (1987) The Rise of the Carolingians and the Liber Historiae Francorum. OxfordGoogle Scholar
Giannarelli, E. (1980) La tipologia femminile nella biografia e nell’autobiografia cristiana del IV secolo. RomeGoogle Scholar
Giardina, A. (1982) ‘Lavoro e storia sociale. Antagonismi e alleanze dall’ellenismo al tardoantico’, Opus 1Google Scholar
Giardina, A. (1988) ‘Carità eversiva: le donazioni di Melania la Giovane e gli equilibri della società tardoromana’, Studi StoriciGoogle Scholar
Giardina, A. (1994) ‘Melania la Santa’, in Fraschetti, A. (ed.), Roma al femminile (Rome–Bari)Google Scholar
Goffart, W. (1981) ‘Rome, Constantinople, and the barbarians’, American Historical Review 76Google Scholar
Goffart, W. (1982) ‘Old and new in Merovingian taxation’, Past and Present 96CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goffart, W. (1988) The Narrators of Barbarian History. PrincetonGoogle Scholar
Goffart, W. (1989) ‘The theme of “The Barbarian Invasions” in late antique and modern historiography’, in Chrysos, and Schwarcz, (eds.) (1989)Google Scholar
Goody, J. (1983) The Development of the Family and Marriage in Europe. CambridgeCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goody, J. (1990) The Oriental, the Ancient and the Primitive: Systems of Marriage and the Family in the Pre-industrial Societies of Eurasia. CambridgeCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goria, F. (1975) Studi sul matrimonio dell’adultera nel diritto giustinianeo e bizantino. TurinGoogle Scholar
Grahn-Hoek, H. (1976) Die frankische Oberschicht im 6 Jahrhundert. Studien zur ihrer rechtlichen und politischen Stellung. SigmaringenGoogle Scholar
Graus, F. (1965) Volk, Herrscher und Heiliger im Reich der Merowinger: Studien zur Hagiographie der Merowingerzeit. PragueGoogle Scholar
Greene, K. (1986) The Archaeology of the Roman Economy. LondonGoogle Scholar
Grierson, P. (1982) Byzantine Coins. LondonGoogle Scholar
Guastella, G. (1980) ‘I Parentalia come testo antropologico: l’avunculato nel mondo celtico e nella famiglia di Ausonio’, Materiali e discussioni 4Google Scholar
Halsall, G. (1995) Settlement and Social Organisation: The Merovingian Region of Metz. CambridgeCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hardy, E. R. (1931) The Large Estates of Byzantine Egypt. New YorkGoogle Scholar
Härke, H. (1990) ‘“Warrior graves?”: the background of the Anglo-Saxon burial rite’, Past and Present 26Google Scholar
Härke, H. (1992) ‘Changing symbols in a changing society: the Anglo-Saxon weapon burial rite in the seventh century’, in Carver, M. O. H. (ed.), The Age of Sutton Hoo (London)Google Scholar
Harper, G. M. (1928) ‘Village administration in the Roman province of Syria’, Yale Classical Studies 1Google Scholar
Harries, J. (1994) Sidonius Apollinaris and the Fall of Rome. OxfordGoogle Scholar
Harris, W. V. (1986) ‘The Roman father’s power of life and death’, in Bagnall, R. S. and Harris, W. V. (eds.), Studies in Roman Law in Memory of A. A. Schiller (Leiden)Google Scholar
Harris, W. V. (1994) ‘Child-exposure in the Roman empire’, Journal of Roman Studies 84CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harrison, D. (1993) The Early State and the Towns: Forms of Integration in Lombard Italy, AD 568–774. LundGoogle Scholar
Harrison, R. M. (1986) Excavations at Saraçhane in Istanbul, Volume I (The Excavations, Structures, Architectural Decoration, Small Finds, Coins, Bones, and Molluscs). PrincetonGoogle Scholar
Harrison, R. M. (1989) A Temple for Byzantium: The Discovery and Excavation of Anicia Juliana’s Palace-Church in Istanbul. LondonGoogle Scholar
Hatcher, J. (1977) Plague, Population and the English Economy 1348–1530. LondonCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayes, J. W. (1972) Late Roman Pottery: A Catalogue of Roman Fine Wares. LondonGoogle Scholar
Hayes, J. W. (1980) Supplement to Late Roman Pottery. LondonGoogle Scholar
Hayes, J. W. (1992) Excavations at Saraçhane in Istanbul, Volume II (The Pottery).Google Scholar
Heather, P. (1989) ‘Cassiodorus and the rise of the Amals: genealogy and the Goths under Hun domination’, Journal of Roman Studies 79CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heather, P. (1992) ‘The emergence of the Visigothic kingdom’, in Drinkwater, and Elton, (eds.), Fifth-Century GaulGoogle Scholar
Heather, P. (1993) ‘The historical culture of Ostrogothic Italy’, Atti del XIII Congresso internazionale di studi sull’Alto Medioevo (Spoleto)Google Scholar
Heather, P. (1994) ‘New men for new Constantines. The creation of an imperial elite in the eastern Mediterranean’, in Magdalino, (ed.), New ConstantinesGoogle Scholar
Heather, P. (1995a) ‘The Huns and the end of the Roman empire in western Europe’, English Historical Review 110Google Scholar
Heather, P. (1995b) ‘Theoderic, king of the Goths’, Early Medieval Europe 4Google Scholar
Heather, P. (1996) The Goths (Blackwell Peoples of Europe series). OxfordGoogle Scholar
Heather, P. (1998) ‘Senators and senates’. Cambridge Ancient History XIII.Google Scholar
Hedeager, L. (1987) ‘Empire, frontier and the barbarian hinterland. Rome and northern Europe from AD 1–400’, in Kristiansen, K. et al. (eds.), Centre and Periphery in the Ancient World (Cambridge)Google Scholar
Hedeager, L. (1988) ‘The evolution of Germanic Society 1–400 A.D.’, in Jones, R. F. J. et al. (eds.), First Millennium Papers: Western Europe in the First Millennium (British Archaeological Reports, Oxford International Series 401) (Oxford)Google Scholar
Heinzelmann, M. (1976) Bischoffsherrschaft in Gallien. MunichGoogle Scholar
Heinzelmann, M. (1982) ‘Gallische Prosopographie 260–527’, Francia 10Google Scholar
Heinzelmann, M. (1992) ‘The “affair” of Hilary of Arles (445) and Gallo-Roman identity in the fifth century’, in Drinkwater, and Elton, (eds.), Fifth-Century GaulGoogle Scholar
Heinzelmann, M. (1993) ‘Villa d’après les oeuvres de Grégoire de Tours’, in Magnou-Nortier, E. (ed.), Aux sources de la gestion publique. Tome I, Enquête lexicographique sur fundus, villa, domus, mansus (Lille)Google Scholar
Herrenschmidt, C. (1994) ‘Le xwêtôdas ou mariage “incestueux” en Iran ancien’, in Bonte, (ed.) (1994)Google Scholar
Hildebrandt, H. (1988) ‘Systems of agriculture in central Europe up to the tenth and eleventh centuries’, in Hooke, (ed.) (1988)Google Scholar
Hillgarth, J. (1980) ‘Popular religion in Visigothic Spain’, in James, (ed.) (1980a)Google Scholar
Hillgarth, J. (1986) Christianity and Paganism, 350–750: The Conversion of Western Europe. PhiladelphiaGoogle Scholar
Hodges, R. and Whitehouse, D. (1983) Mohammed, Charlemagne and the Origins of Europe. LondonGoogle Scholar
Hodges, R. (1989) The Anglo-Saxon Achievement. LondonGoogle Scholar
Holum, K. G. et al. (1988) King Herod’s Dream. Caesarea on the Sea. New York and LondonGoogle Scholar
Hooke, D. (ed.) (1988) Anglo-Saxon Settlements. OxfordGoogle Scholar
Hope-Taylor, B. (1977) Yeavering: An Anglo-British Centre of Early Northumbria (Department of the Environment, Archaeological Reports 7). LondonGoogle Scholar
Hopkins, K. (1980a) ‘Taxes and trade in the Roman Empire (200 B.C.–A.D. 400)’, Journal of Roman Studies 70CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hopkins, K. (1980b) ‘Brother–sister marriage in Roman Egypt’, Comparative Studies in Society and History 22CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Humbert, M. (1972) Le remariage à Rome. Étude d’histoire juridique et sociale. MilanGoogle Scholar
Humbert, M. (1983) ‘Enfants à louer ou à vendre: Augustin et l’autorité parentale (Ep. 10* et 24*)’, in Les lettres de Saint Augustin découvertes par Johannes Divjak (Paris)Google Scholar
Il Matrimonio nella società altomedievale (1977). Spoleto (XXIV Settimana di studio del Centro Italiano di Studi sull’Alto Medioevo)
Inscriptions grecques et latines de la Syrie (1929–). Paris
Irsigler, F. (1979) ‘On the aristocratic character of early Frankish society’, in Reuter, T. (ed. and trans.), The Medieval Nobility (Amsterdam)Google Scholar
James, E. (1980b) ‘Septimania and its frontier: an archaeological approach’, in James, (ed.) (1980a)Google Scholar
James, E. (1982) The Origins of France: From Clovis to the Capetians 500–1000. LondonCrossRefGoogle Scholar
James, E. (1983) ‘Beati pacifici: bishops and the law in sixth-century Gaul’, in Bossy, J. (ed.), Disputes and Settlements: Law and Human Relations in the West (Cambridge)Google Scholar
James, E. (1988) The Franks. OxfordGoogle Scholar
James, E. (ed.) (1980a) Visigothic Spain: New Approaches. OxfordGoogle Scholar
Joxe, F. (1959) ‘Le christianisme et l’évolution des sentiments familiaux dans les lettres privées sur papyrus’’ Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarium Hungaricae 7Google Scholar
Kaegi, W. (1992) Byzantium and the Early Islamic Conquests. CambridgeCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kantorowicz, E. H. (1960) ‘On the golden marriage belt and the marriage rings of the Dumbarton Oaks collection’, Dumbarton Oaks Papers 14CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaplan, M. (1992) Les hommes et la terre à Byzance du VIe au XIe siècle. Propriété et exploitation du sol (Byzantina sorbonica, 10)ParisCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karlin-Hayter, P. (1992) ‘Further notes on Byzantine marriage: raptus- ἁρπαγή or μυηστεῖαι?’, Dumbarton Oaks Papers 46CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keenan, J. G. (1980) ‘Aurelius Phoibammon, son of Triadelphus: a Byzantine Egyptian land entrepreneur’, Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists 22Google Scholar
Keenan, J. G. (1984) ‘The Aphrodite papyri and village life in Byzantine Egypt’, Bulletin de la Société d’Archéologie Copte 26Google Scholar
Keenan, J. G. (1985) ‘Notes on absentee landlordism at Aphrodito’, Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists 22Google Scholar
Keenan, J. G. (1993) ‘Papyrology and Byzantine historiography’, in Cherf, W. J. (ed.), Alpha to Omega: Studies in Honour of George John Szemler on his Sixty-Fifth Birthday (Chicago)Google Scholar
Kennedy, H. (1985) ‘The last century of Byzantine Syria: a reinterpretation’, Byzantinische Forschungen 10Google Scholar
Kertzer, D. I. and Saller, R. P. (eds.) (1991) The Family in Italy from Antiquity to the Present. New Haven and LondonGoogle Scholar
King, P. D. (1972) Law and Society in the Visigothic Kingdom. CambridgeGoogle Scholar
Kirkby, H. (1981) ‘The scholar and his public’, in Gibson, (ed.), BoethiusGoogle Scholar
Klingshirn, W. E. (1994) Caesarius of Arles: The Making of a Christian Community in Gaul. CambridgeCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kondic, V. (1984) ‘Les formes des fortifications protobyzantines dans la région des Portes de Fer’, in Villes et peuplement (1984)Google Scholar
Kraemer, C. J. (1958) Excavations at Nessana, conducted by H. A. Colt, Jr III, The Non-Literary Papyri. PrincetonCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krautheimer, R. (1980) Rome: Profile of a City, 312–1308. PrincetonGoogle Scholar
La Pietra ollare dalla preistoria all’età moderna (1987). Como
Laiou, A. E. (1985) ‘Consensus facit nuptias – et non. Pope Nicholas I’s Responsa to the Bulgarians as a source for Byzantine marriage customs’, RJ 4 (= no. IV of Laiou, , Gender, Society and Economic Life in Byzantium, London Variorum 1992)Google Scholar
Laiou, A. E. (1992) Mariage, amour et parenté à Byzance aux XIe–XIIIe siècles. ParisGoogle Scholar
Laiou, A. E. (1993) ‘Sex, consent, and coercion in Byzantium’, in Laiou, A. E. (ed.), Consent and Coercion to Sex and Marriage in Ancient and Medieval Societies (Washington)Google Scholar
Lambrechts, P. (1937) ‘Le commerce des “Syriens” en Gaule du haut empire à l’époque mérovingienne’, AC 6Google Scholar
Larson, C. W. R. (1970) ‘Theodosius and the Thessalonian massacre revisited – yet again’, in Cross, F. L. (ed.), Studia Patristica 10 (Texte und Untersuchungen 107) (Berlin)Google Scholar
Latouche, R. (1967) The Birth of the Western Economy. London (first published, in French, 1956)Google Scholar
Lebecq, S. (1994) ‘Le baptême manqué du roi Radbod’, in Les assises du pouvoir: temps mediévaux: territoires africains: Mélanges Jean Devisse (Valenciennes)Google Scholar
Lee, A. D. (1988) ‘Close-kin marriage in late antique Mesopotamia’, Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies 29Google Scholar
Lemaire, A. (1929) ‘Origine de la règle “Nullum sine dote fiat conjugium”’, in Mélanges P. Fournier (Paris)Google Scholar
Lepelley, C. (1983) ‘Liberté, colonat et esclavage d’après la Lettre 24*: la jurisdiction épiscopale “de liberali causa”’, in Les lettres de Saint Augustin découvertes par Johannes Divjak (Paris)Google Scholar
Levi, D. (1947) Antioch Mosaic Pavements. PrincetonGoogle Scholar
Lewit, T. (1991) Agricultural Production in the Roman Economy A.D. 200–400 (British Archaeological Reports, Oxford International Series 568). OxfordGoogle Scholar
Leyser, K. (1979) Rule and Conflict in an Early Medieval Society. LondonGoogle Scholar
L’Huillier, P. (1987) ‘Novella 89 of Leo the Wise on marriage: an insight into its theoretical and practical impact’, Greek Orthodox Theological Review 32.2Google Scholar
Liebeschuetz, J. H. W. G. (1972) Antioch, City and Imperial Administration in the Later Roman Empire. OxfordGoogle Scholar
Liebeschuetz, J. H. W. G. (1979) Continuity and Change in Roman Religion. OxfordGoogle Scholar
Liebeschuetz, J. H. W. G. (1993) ‘The end of the Roman army in the western empire’, in Rich, and Shipley, (1993)Google Scholar
Lieu, S. (1986) ‘Captives, refugees and exiles: a study of cross-frontier civilian movements between Rome and Persia from Valerian to Julian’, in Freeman, P. and Kennedy, D. (eds.), The Defence of the Roman and Byzantine East (British Archaeological Reports, Oxford International Series 297.ii) (Oxford)Google Scholar
Lintott, A. (1968) Violence in Republican Rome. OxfordGoogle Scholar
Longnon, A. (1878) Géographie de la Gaule au VIe siècle. ParisGoogle Scholar
Loseby, S. T. (1992) ‘Marseille: a late antique success story?’, Journal of Roman Studies 82CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lot, F. (1921) ‘Conjectures démographique sur la France au IXe siècle’, Le Moyen Âge 32Google Scholar
Lot, F. (1928) L’impôt foncier et la capitation personnelle sous le Bas-Empire et à l’époque franque (Bibliothèque de l’école des hautes études 253). ParisGoogle Scholar
Lynch, J. H. (1986) Godparents and Kinship in Early Medieval Europe. PrincetonGoogle Scholar
MacCormack, S. (1981) Art and Ceremony in Late Antiquity. BerkeleyGoogle Scholar
MacMullen, R. (1963) Soldier and Civilian in the Later Roman Empire. CambridgeGoogle Scholar
MacMullen, R. (1987) ‘Late Roman slavery’, Historia 26Google Scholar
MacMullen, R. (1988) Corruption and the Decline of Rome. New HavenGoogle Scholar
Mallory, J. P. and McNeill, T. E. (1991) The Archaeology of Ulster: From Colonization to Plantation. BelfastGoogle Scholar
Mango, , Byzantine Architecture.Mango, Cyril (1976) Byzantine Architecture.New YorkGoogle Scholar
Mathisen, R. W. (1981) ‘Epistolography, literary circles and family ties in late Roman Gaul’, Transactions of the American Philological Association IIIGoogle Scholar
Mathisen, R. W. (1984) ‘The family of Georgius Florentius Gregorius and the bishops of Tours’, Medievalia et Humanistica 12Google Scholar
Mathisen, R. W. (1993) Roman Aristocrats in Barbarian Gaul: Strategies for Survival in an Age of Transition. AustinGoogle Scholar
Matthews, J. F. (1974) ‘The letters of Symmachus’, in Binns, J. W. (ed.), Latin Literature of the Fourth Century (London)Google Scholar
Matthews, J. F. (1975) Western Aristocracies and Imperial Court A.D. 364–425. OxfordGoogle Scholar
Matthews, J. F. (1989) The Roman Empire of Ammianus. London and BaltimoreGoogle Scholar
Mattingly, D. J. and Hayes, J. W. (1992) ‘Nador and fortified farms in North Africa’, Journal of Roman Archaeology 5Google Scholar
Mattingly, D. J. and Hitchner, R. B. (1995) ‘Roman Africa: an archaeological review’, Journal of Roman Studies 85CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mattingly, D. J. (1995) Tripolitania. LondonGoogle Scholar
Meyendorff, , Imperial Unity.Meyendorff, J. (1989) Imperial Unity and Christian Divisions: The Church 450–680 A.D.Crestwood, NYGoogle Scholar
Millar, F. (1981) ‘The world of the Golden Ass’, Journal of Roman Studies 71CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Millett, M. (1990) The Romanization of Britain. CambridgeGoogle Scholar
Millett, M. (1991) ‘Pottery: population or supply pattern? The Ager Tarraconensis approach’, in Barker, G. and Lloyd, J. (eds.), Roman Landscapes: Archaeological Survey in the Mediterranean Region (Archaeological Monographs of the British School at Rome 2) (London)Google Scholar
Mitchell, F. (1976) The Irish Landscape. LondonGoogle Scholar
Mitteis, L. (1891) Reichsrecht und Volksrecht in den östlichen Provinzen des römischen Kaiserreichs. LeipzigGoogle Scholar
Moorhead, J. (1992) Theoderic in Italy. OxfordGoogle Scholar
Moreau, Ph. (1994) ‘Le mariage dans les degrés rapprochés. Le dossier romain (Ier siècle av. J.-C. – IIIe siècle ap. J.-C.)’, in Bonte, (ed.) (1994)Google Scholar
Morrison, C. (1986) ‘Byzance au VIIe siècle: le témoignage de la numismatique’, in Byzantium: Tribute to Andreas Stratos (Athens) I.Google Scholar
Müller-Wiener, W. (1986) ‘Von der Polis zum Kastron. Wandlungen der Stadt im ägäischem Raum von der Antike zum Mittelalter’, Gymnasium 93Google Scholar
Murialdo, G., Bertolotti, F., Falcetti, C., Palazzi, P. and Paroli, L. (1997) ‘La suppellettile da mensa e da cucina nel VII secolo in Liguria: l’esempio di un sito fortificato’, in Gelichi, S. (ed.), I Congresso Nazionale di Archaeologia Medievale, Pisa 29–31 maggio 1997. FlorenceGoogle Scholar
Murray, A. C. (1983) Germanic Kinship Structure. TorontoGoogle Scholar
Nelson, J. (1991) ‘A propos des femmes royales dans les rapports entre le monde wisigothique et le monde franc à l’époque de Reccared’, in XIV centenario Concilio III de Toledo 589–1989 (Madrid)Google Scholar
Nippel, W. (1984) ‘Policing Rome’, Journal of Roman Studies 74CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nitz, H.-J. (1988) ‘Settlement structures and settlement systems of the Frankish central state in Carolingian and Ottonian times’, in Hooke, (1988)Google Scholar
Not. Dig. Notitia Dignitatum, ed. Seeck, O., Berlin, 1876Google Scholar
Olster, D. M. (1993) The Politics of Usurpation in the Seventh Century: Rhetoric and Revolution in Byzantium. AmsterdamGoogle Scholar
Orestano, R. (1951) La struttura giuridica del matrimonio romano dal diritto classico al diritto giustinianeo. MilanGoogle Scholar
Orlandis, J. and Ramos-Lissen, D. (1981) Die Synoden auf der iberischen Halbinsel bis zum Einbruch des Islam (711). PaderbornGoogle Scholar
Orrsaud, D. (1992) ‘De la céramique byzantine à la céramique islamique. Quelques hypothèses à partir du mobilier trouvé a Déhès’, in Canivet, P. and Rey-Coquais, J.-P. (eds.), La Syrie de Byzance à l’Islam (Damascus)Google Scholar
Ovadiah, A. (1970) Corpus of the Byzantine Churches in the Holy Land. BonnGoogle Scholar
Paroli, L. and Delogu, P. (eds.) (1993) La storia economica di Roma nell’alto Medioevo alla luce dei recenti scavi archeologici. FlorenceGoogle Scholar
Patlagean, E. (1973) ‘L’enfant et son avenir dans la famille byzantine (IVe–XIIe siècles)’, Annales de démographie historique 86–93 (= no. x of Patlagean, Structure sociale, famille, chrétienté à Byzance, IVe–XIe siècle, London Variorum 1981)Google Scholar
Patlagean, E. (1978) ‘Familles chrétiennes d’Asie Mineure et histoire démographique du IVème siècle’, in Transformation et conflits au IVème siècle ap. J.-C. (Bonn) (= no. IX of Patlagean, , Structure sociale, famille, chrétienté à Byzance, IVe–XIe siècle, London Variorum 1981)Google Scholar
Peacock, D. P. S. and Williams, D. F. (1986) Amphorae and the Roman Economy: An Introductory Guide. London and New YorkGoogle Scholar
Peacock, D. P. S. (1982) Pottery in the Roman World: An Ethnoarchaeological Approach. London and New YorkGoogle Scholar
Percival, J. (1976) The Roman Villa. LondonGoogle Scholar
Percival, J. (1992) ‘The fifth century villa: new life or death?’, in Drinkwater, and Elton, (eds.), Fifth-Century Gaul.Google Scholar
Percival, J. (1992) ‘The fifth-century villa: new life or death postponed?’, in Drinkwater, and Elton, (eds.), Fifth-Century GaulGoogle Scholar
Piccirillo, M. (1985) ‘Rural settlement in Byzantine Jordan’, in Hadidi, A. (ed.), Studies in the History and Archaeology of Jordan II (Amman)Google Scholar
Piccirillo, M. (1993) The Mosaics of Jordan. AmmanGoogle Scholar
Pietri, Ch. (1979) ‘Le mariage chrétien à Rome’, in Delumeau, J. (ed.), Histoire vécue du peuple chrétien (Toulouse) I.Google Scholar
Pietri, L. (1983) La ville de Tours du IVe au VIe siècle. Naissance d’une cité chrétienne (Collection de l’École Française de Rome 69). RomeGoogle Scholar
Pietri, L. (1983) La ville de Tours du IVe au VIe siècle: naissance d’une cité chrétienne (Coll. de l’École Française de Rome 69). ParisGoogle Scholar
Pirenne, H. (1939) Mohammed and Charlemagne. London (first published as Mahomet et Charlemagne (Paris and Brussels) 1937)Google Scholar
Pontal, O. (1989) Histoire des conciles mérovingiens. ParisGoogle Scholar
Popovic, V. (1984) ‘Byzantins, Slaves et autochthones dans les provinces de Prévalitane et Nouvelle Épire’, in Villes et peuplement (1984)Google Scholar
Poulter, A. (1992) ‘The use and abuse of urbanism in the Danubian provinces during the later Roman empire’, in Rich, J. (ed.), The City in Late Antiquity (London)Google Scholar
Pringle, D. (1981) The Defence of Byzantine Africa from Justinian to the Arab Conquest: An Account of the Military History and Archaeology of the African Provinces in the Sixth and Seventh Centuries (British Archaeological Reports, Oxford International Series 99). OxfordGoogle Scholar
Prinz, F. (1967) ‘Heiligenkult und Adelsherrschaft im Spiegel merowingischer Hagiographie’, Historische Zeitschrift 204CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Randsborg, K. (1991) The First Millennium A.D. in Europe and the Mediterranean: An Archaeological Essay. CambridgeGoogle Scholar
Randsborg, K. (1992) ‘Barbarians, classical antiquity and the rise of western Europe. An archaeological essay’, Past and Present 137CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rebuffat, R. (1993) ‘Introduction au colloque’, in Vallet, and Kazanski, (1993)Google Scholar
Rémondon, R. (1965) ‘P. Hamb. 56 et P. Lond. 1419 (notes sur les finances d’Aphrodito du VIe siècle au VIIe)’, Chronique d’Égypte 40Google Scholar
Reuter, T. (1985) ‘Plunder and tribute in the Carolingian empire,’ Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 35CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reuter, T. (1991) ‘The end of Carolingian military expansion’, in Godman, P. and Collins, R. (eds.), Charlemagne’s Heir: New Perspectives on the Reign of Louis the Pious (Oxford)Google Scholar
Reynolds, P. L. (1994) Marriage in the Western Church: The Christianization of Marriage during the Patristic and Early Medieval Periods. Leiden, New York and CologneCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reynolds, P. (1995) Trade in the Western Mediterranean, A.D. 400–700: The Ceramic Evidence (British Archaeological Reports, Oxford International Series 604). OxfordGoogle Scholar
Rich, J. and Shipley, G. (1993) War and Society in the Roman World. LondonCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richards, J. (1979) The Popes and the Papacy in the Early Middle Ages, 476–752. LondonGoogle Scholar
Riley, J. A. (1979) ‘The coarse pottery’, in Excavations at Sidi Khrebish Benghazi (Berenice) II, ed. Lloyd, J. A. (Tripoli, supplement to Libya Antiqua V, vol. II)Google Scholar
Ritzer, K. (1981) Formen, Riten und religiöses Brauchtum der Eheschliessung in den christli-chen Kirchen des ersten Jahrtausends. 2nd edn. MünsterGoogle Scholar
Roda, S. (1979) ‘Il matrimonio fra cugini germani nella legislazione tardoimperiale’, Studia et Documenta Historiae et Iuris 45Google Scholar
Rösener, W. (ed.) (1989) Strukturen der Grundherrschaft im frühen Mittelalter. GöttingenGoogle Scholar
Rossiter, J. J. (1990) ‘Villas vandales; le suburbium de Carthage au début du VIe siècle de notre ère’, in Actes du IVe Colloque international sur l’histoire de l’Afrique du Nord (Strasbourg 1988) vol. I (Carthage et son territoire dans l’Antiquité) (Paris)Google Scholar
Rouche, M. (1979) L’Aquitaine dès Wisigoths aux Arabes 418–781.ParisGoogle Scholar
Rouche, M. (1979) L’Aquitaine des Wisigoths aux Arabes 418–781. Naissance d’une région. ParisGoogle Scholar
Rouche, M. (1983) ‘La destinée des biens de Saint Remi durant le haut moyen âge’, in Janssen, W. and Lohrmann, D. (eds.) Villa – Curtis – Grangia (Munich)Google Scholar
Rouche, M. (1987) ‘The early Middle Ages in the west’, in Veyne, P. (ed.), A History of Private Life from Pagan Rome to Byzantium (Cambridge, MA)Google Scholar
Rubin, R. (1989) ‘The debate over climatic changes in the Negev, fourth–seventh centuries c.e.’, Palestine Exploration Quarterly 1989Google Scholar
Ruggini, L. (1959) ‘Ebrei e orientali nell’Italia settentrionale fra il IV e il VI secolo d. Cr.’, Studia et documenta historiae et iuris 25Google Scholar
Dam, R. (1993) Saints and their Miracles in Late Antique Gaul. PrincetonGoogle Scholar
Saller, R. P. and Shaw, B. D. (1984) ‘Tombstones and Roman family relations in the Principate: civilians, soldiers and slaves’, Journal of Roman Studies 74CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saller, R. P. (1991a) ‘European family history and Roman law’, Continuity and Change 6CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saller, R. P. (1991b) ‘Roman heirship strategies in principle and in practice’, in Kertzer, and Saller, (1991)Google Scholar
Saller, R. P. (1994) Property and Death in the Roman Family. CambridgeCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Samson, R. (1987) ‘The Merovingian nobleman’s house: castle or villa?’, JMH 13Google Scholar
Sargenti, M. (1986) ‘Matrimonio cristiano e società pagana’, Studia et Documenta Historiae et Iuris 51 (= Sargenti, , Studi sul diritto del tardo impero, Padua 1986)Google Scholar
Sartre, M. (1985) Bostra des origines à l’Islam. ParisGoogle Scholar
Sartre, M. (1985) Bostra.ParisGoogle Scholar
Sawyer, P. H. and Wood, I. N. (eds.) (1977) Early Medieval Kingship. LeedsGoogle Scholar
Schäfer, C. (1991) Der weströmische Senat als Träger des antiker Kontinuität unter den Ostgotenkönigen (490–540 n. Chr.). St KatharinenGoogle Scholar
Seeck, O. (1919) Regesten der Kaiser und Päpste für die Jahre 311 bis 476 n. Chr. StuttgartGoogle Scholar
Segal, J. B. (1955) ‘Mesopotamian communities from Julian to the rise of Islam’, Proceedings of the British Academy 41Google Scholar
Segal, J. B. (1970) Edessa: ‘The Blessed City’. OxfordGoogle Scholar
Ševčenko, I. and Ševčenko, N. P. (trans.) (1984) The Life of St Nicholas of Sion. BrooklineGoogle Scholar
Shaw, B. D. and Saller, R. P. (1984) ‘Close-kin marriage in Roman society?’, Man n.s. 19Google Scholar
Shaw, B. D. (1984) ‘Latin funerary epigraphy and family life in the later Roman empire’, Historia 33Google Scholar
Shaw, B. D. (1987a) ‘The family in late antiquity: the experience of Augustine’, Past and Present 115CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shaw, B. D. (1987b) ‘The age of Roman girls at marriage: some reconsiderations’, Journal of Roman Studies 77CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shaw, B. D. (1991) ‘The cultural meaning of death: age and gender in the Roman family’, in Kertzer, and Saller, (1991)Google Scholar
Shaw, B. D. (1992) ‘Explaining incest: brother–sister marriage in Graeco-Roman Egypt’, Man n.s. 27Google Scholar
Slack, P. (1990) The Impact of Plague in Tudor and Stuart England. OxfordGoogle Scholar
Small, A. M. and Buck, R. J. (1994) The Excavations of San Giovanni di Ruoti, I. The Villas and their Environment. TorontoGoogle Scholar
Sodini, J.-P. (1989) ‘Le commerce des marbres à l’époque protobyzantine’, in Hommes et richesses I.Google Scholar
Sodini, J.-P. et al. (1980) ‘Déhès (Syrie du Nord): campagnes I–III (1976–1978). Recherches sur l’habitat rural’, Syria 57Google Scholar
Spagnuolo Vigorita, T. (1984) Exsecranda pernicies. Delatori e fisco nell’età di Costantino. NaplesGoogle Scholar
Spieser, J.-M. (1984) ‘Les villes en Grèce du IIIe au VIIe s.’, in Villes et peuplement (1984)Google Scholar
Stafford, P. (1983) Queens, Concubines and Dowagers. LondonGoogle Scholar
Stancliffe, C. (1983) St Martin and his Hagiographer. OxfordGoogle Scholar
Stroheker, K. F. (1948) Der senatorische Adel im spätantiken Gallien. TübingenGoogle Scholar
Uytfanghe, M. (1987) Stylisation et condition humaine dans l’hagiographie mérovingienne (600–750). BrusselsGoogle Scholar
Talbot, A. M. (1990) ‘The Byzantine family and monastery’, Dumbarton Oaks Papers 44CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tate, G. and Sodini, J.-P. (1980) ‘Déhès, recherches sur l’habitat rural’, Syria 67.Google Scholar
Tate, G. (1992) Les campagnes de la Syrie du nord du IIe au VIIe siècle. Un example d’expansion démographique et économique à la fin de l’Antiquité (Institut Français d’Archéologie du Proche-Orient, Bibliothèque archéologique et historique 133). ParisGoogle Scholar
Tate, G. (1992) Les campagnes de la Syrie du Nord du IIe au VIIe siècle I. ParisCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thébert, Y. (1987) ‘Private life and domestic architecture in Roman Africa’, in Veyne, P. (ed.), A History of Private Life: From Pagan Rome to Byzantium (Cambridge, MA)Google Scholar
Thomas, J. P. (1987) Private Religious Foundations in the Byzantine Empire. Washington, DCGoogle Scholar
Thompson, E. A. (1960) ‘The conversion of the Visigoths to Catholicism’, Nottingham Medieval Studies 4CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, E. A. (1963) ‘The Visigoths from Fritigern to Euric’, Historia 12Google Scholar
Thompson, E. A. (1969) The Goths in Spain. OxfordGoogle Scholar
Thompson, E. A. (1982) Romans and Barbarians. The Decline of the Western Empire. Madison, WIGoogle Scholar
Tjäder, J.-O. (1982) Die nichtliterarischen lateinischen Papyri Italiens aus der Zeit 445–700, vol. 2. StockholmGoogle Scholar
Toubert, P. (1973) Les structures du Latium médieval 2 vols. (Bibliothèque des Écoles Françaises d’Athènes et de Rome 221). RomeGoogle Scholar
Toubert, P. (1977) ‘La théorie du mariage chez les moralistes carolingiens’, in Il matrimonio nella società altomedievale II.Google Scholar
Treadgold, W. (1995) Byzantium and its Army 284–1081. StanfordGoogle Scholar
Treggiari, S. (1991) Roman Marriage. Iusti Coniuges from the Time of Cicero to the Time of Ulpian. OxfordGoogle Scholar
Trier Kaiserresidenz und Bischofssitz. Die Stadt in spätantiker und frühchristlicher Zeit (1984). Mainz
Troplong, R.-Th. (1843) De l’influence du christianisme sur le droit civil des Romains. ParisGoogle Scholar
Unwin, T. (1988) ‘Towards a model of Anglo-Scandinavian rural settlement in England’, in Hooke, (1988)Google Scholar
Vallet, F. and Kazanski, M. (1993) L’Armée romaine et les barbares du IIIe au VIIe siècle (Association française d’archéologie mérovingienne et Musée des antiquités nationales). RouenGoogle Scholar
Vatin, Cl. (1970) Recherches sur le mariage et la condition de la femme mariée à l’époque hellénistique. ParisGoogle Scholar
Vera, D. (1995) ‘Dalla “Villa Perfecta” alla villa di Palladio: sulle trasformazioni del sistema agrario in Italia fra Principato e Dominato (2a parte)’, Athenaeum 83Google Scholar
Villeneuve, F. (1985) ‘L’économie rurale et la vie des campagnes dans le Hauran antique (Ier siècle ap. J.-C.). Une approche’, in Dentzer, (1985)Google Scholar
Villes et peuplement dans l’Illyricum protobyzantin (1984) (Collection de l’École Française de Rome 77). Rome
Vita-Finzi, C. (1969) The Mediterranean Valleys: Geological Changes in Historical Times. CambridgeGoogle Scholar
Vogel, C. (1966) ‘L’âge des époux chrétiens au moment de contracter mariage, d’après les inscriptions paléochrétiennes’, Revue de droit canonique 16Google Scholar
Vogel, C. (1977) ‘Les rites de la célébration du mariage: leur signification dans la formation du lien durant le haut Moyen Âge’, in Il matrimonio nella società altomedievale I.Google Scholar
Vogel, C. (1982) ‘Application du principe de l’“économie” en matière de divorce dans le droit canonique oriental’, Revue de droit canonique 32Google Scholar
Volterra, E. (1937) Diritto romano e diritti orientali. Bologna (reprinted Naples 1983)Google Scholar
Volterra, E. (1967) ‘Famiglia (diritto romano)’, in Enciclopedia del diritto (Milan) XVI.Google Scholar
Volterra, E. (1975) ‘Matrimonio (diritto romano)’, in Enciclopedia del diritto (Milan) XXV.Google Scholar
Wallace-Hadrill, J. M. (1962) ‘The blood-feud of the Franks’, in The Long-Haired Kings and Other Studies in Frankish History (London)Google Scholar
Walmsley, A. (1988) ‘Pella/Fihl after the Islamic conquest (a.d. 635–c. 900): a convergence of literary and archaeological data’, Mediterranean Archaeology I.Google Scholar
Ward-Perkins, B., Mills, N., Gadd, D. and Delano Smith, C. (1986) ‘Luni and the Ager Lunensis: the rise and fall of a Roman town and its territory’, Papers of the British School at Rome 54Google Scholar
Ward-Perkins, J. B. (1968) ‘The Ager Veientanus north and east of Veii’, Papers of the British School at Rome 36Google Scholar
Ward-Perkins, J. B. et al. (1986) ‘Town houses at Ptolemais, Cyrenaica’, Libyan Studies 17CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watson, P. (1992) ‘Change in foreign and regional economic links with Pella in the seventh century A.D.: the ceramic evidence’, in Canivet, P. and ReyCoquais, J.-P. (eds.), La Syrie de Byzance à l’Islam (Damascus)Google Scholar
Weiss, E. (1908) ‘Endogamie und Exogamie im römischen Kaiserreich’, Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte, Romanistische Abteilung 29CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wenskus, R. (1961) Stammesbildung und Verfassung: Das Werden der frühmittelalterlichen Gentes. CologneCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitby, M. (1996) ‘Recruitment in the Roman armies from Justinian to Heraclius (ca. 565–615)’, in Cameron, , Averil, (ed.), The Byzantine and Early Islamic Near East, III: States, Resources and Armies (Princeton)Google Scholar
Whitby, , Maurice.Whitby, L. M. (1988) The Emperor Maurice and his Historian: Theophylact Simocatta on Persian and Balkan Warfare.OxfordGoogle Scholar
White, C. (1992) Christian Friendship in the Fourth Century. CambridgeCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whittaker, C. R. (1985) ‘Trade and the aristocracy in the Roman empire’, Opus 4Google Scholar
Whittaker, C. R. (1993) ‘Landlords and warlords in the later Roman Empire’, in Rich, and Shipley, (1993)Google Scholar
Whittaker, C. R. (1994) Frontiers of the Roman Empire: A Social and Economic Study. BaltimoreGoogle Scholar
Wickham, C. (1981) Early Medieval Italy: Central Power and Local Society 400–1000. LondonGoogle Scholar
Wickham, C. (1984) ‘The other transition: from the ancient world to feudalism’, Past and Present 103CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wickham, C. (1986) ‘Land disputes and their social framework in Lombard– Carolingian Italy, 700–900’, in Davies, and Fouracre, (1986)Google Scholar
Wickham, C. (1988) ‘L’Italia e l’alto medioevo’, AM 15Google Scholar
Wickham, C. (1992) ‘Problems of comparing rural societies in early medieval western Europe’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 6th series, 2Google Scholar
Wickham, C. (1993) ‘La chute de Rome n’aura pas lieu. À propos d’un livre récent’, Le Moyen Âge 99Google Scholar
Wightman, E. (1985) Gallia Belgica. LondonGoogle Scholar
Wipszycka, E. (1972) Les ressources et activités économiques des églises en Égypte du IVe au VIIIe siècle (Papyrologia Bruxellensia 10)Google Scholar
Wolff, H. J. (1939) Written and Unwritten Marriages in Hellenistic and Postclassical Roman Law. HaverfordGoogle Scholar
Wolff, H. J. (1945) ‘The background of the post-classical legislation on illegitimacy’, Seminar 3Google Scholar
Wolff, H. J. (1950) ‘Doctrinal trends in postclassical Roman marriage law’, Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte, Romanistische Abteilung 67CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolfram, H. (1988) History of the Goths. Berkeley, Los Angeles and London (first published as Geschichte der Goten, Munich 1979)Google Scholar
Wolfram, H. (1993) ‘L’armée romaine comme modèle pour l’Exercitus barbarorum’, in Vallet, and Kazanski, (1993)Google Scholar
Wood, I. N. (1986) ‘Disputes in late fifth- and sixth-century Gaul: some problems’, in Davies, and Fouracre, (eds.) (1986)Google Scholar
Wood, I. N. (1990) ‘Ethnicity and the ethnogenesis of the Burgundians’, in Wolfram, H. and Pohl, W. (eds.), Typen der Ethnogenese unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Bayern (Denkschriften der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, phil.-hist. Kl. 201) (Vienna)Google Scholar
Wood, I. N. (1992) ‘Continuity or calamity? The constraints of literary models’, in Drinkwater, and Elton, (eds.), Fifth-Century GaulGoogle Scholar
Wood, I. N. (1993a) ‘Letters and letter-collections from antiquity to the Middle Ages: the prose works of Avitus of Vienne’, in Meyer, M. A. (ed.), The Culture of Christendom (London)Google Scholar
Wood, I. N. (1993b) ‘The Secret Histories of Gregory of Tours’, Revue belge de philologie et de l’histoire 71Google Scholar
Wood, I. N. (1994) Gregory of Tours. BangorGoogle Scholar
Wood, I. N. (1996) ‘Sépultures ecclésiastiques et sénatoriales dans le bassin du Rhône (400–600)’, Médiévales 31Google Scholar
Woolf, G. (1993) ‘Roman peace’, in Rich, and Shipley, (1993)Google Scholar
Wormald, P. (1977) ‘Lex scripta and verbum regis: legislation and Germanic kingship from Euric to Cnut’, in Sawyer, P. H. and Wood, I. N. (eds.), Early Medieval Kingship (Leeds)Google Scholar
Wormald, P. (1995) ‘Inter cetera bona … genti suae: law-making and peace-keeping in the earliest English kingdoms’, in La giustizia nell’alto medioevo (XLII Settimana di studio del Centro Italiano di Studi sull’Alto Medioevo) (Spoleto)Google Scholar
Zanker, P. (1975) ‘Grabreliefs römischer Freigelassener’, Jahrbuch des deutschen archäologischen Instituts 90Google Scholar
Zayadine, F. (ed.) (1986) Jerash Archaeological Project 1981–1983. AmmanGoogle Scholar
Zuckerman, C. (1994) ‘L’empire d’Orient et les Huns: notes sur Priscus’, Travaux et Mémoires 12Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×