Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-05T23:42:52.699Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

11 - Israel and Judah from Jehu until the Period of Assyrian Domination (841–c. 750 B.C.)

from PART II - THE MIDDLE EAST

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 March 2008

By
T. C. Mitchell
Edited by
John Boardman ,
I. E. S. Edwards ,
N. G. L. Hammond  and
E. Sollberger
Get access

Summary

JEHU AND HIS SUCCESSORS

The rebellion of Jehu in Israel in 841 B.C. introduced a new dynasty, effectively the fourth since the division of the Kingdom, and this lasted for nearly a century through five reigns, almost to within twenty years of the end of the northern kingdom. Though this event may not have marked an absolute break with the past, changes in material culture increased from this time, and the very strong Phoenician influence which had been known since the time of Solomon declined. The close ties of the previous decades with Judah were also weakened, and indeed for the next six years the Phoenician element was stronger in the south than in the north, because the queen mother, Athaliah, when she heard of the death of her son Ahaziah, seized power, slaughtering, as she thought, all the survivors of the Davidic line, and ruling for half a decade. In fact, she was not thorough enough, and one of her daughters was able to rescue and conceal a son of Ahaziah, called Jehoash, who was a small baby, only about one year old, at the time (II Ki. 11: 1–3).

Athaliah is designated ‘daughter of Omri’ (bat-'omrî) in the Old Testament (II Ki. 8: 26; II Chron. 22: 2), but her husband Jehoram is described as being married to a daughter of Ahab (bat-'ah'ab (II Ki. 8: 18; II Chron. 21: 16)) so, unless the latter reference indicates that Jehoram was married also to an unnamed daughter of Ahab, it must mean that she is also described as the daughter of Ahab.

Keywords

Assyrian DominationJehuIsraelite territoryIsraelJeroboamUzziahJudah
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Ancient History , pp. 488 - 510
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 1982

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abd el-Kader, Emir Dj . ‘Un orthostate du temple de Hadad à Damas,’ Syria 26 (1949) 191ffGoogle Scholar
Aharoni, Y. ‘Forerunners of the limes: Iron Age fortresses in the Negev’, Israel Exploration journal 17 (1967) 1ffGoogle Scholar
Aharoni, Y. ‘The date of casemate walls in Judah and Israel and their purpose’, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 154 (1959) 35ffGoogle Scholar
Aharoni, Y. ‘The province-list of Judah’, Vetus Testamentum (Supplements) 9 (1959) 225ffCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aharoni, Y. The Land of the Bible. London, 1966
Albright, W. F. ‘A votive stele erected by Ben-Hadad I of Damascus to the god Melcarth’, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 87 (1942) 23ffGoogle Scholar
Albright, W. F. ‘An ostracon from Calah and the North-Israelite Diaspora’, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 149 (1958) 33ffGoogle Scholar
Albright, W. F. From the Stone Age to Christianity. 2nd edn. Baltimore, 1957
Albright, W. F. The Biblical Period from Abraham to Ezra. Revised edn, New York, 1963
Albright, W. F. Yahweh and the Gods of Canaan (Jordan Lectures, 1965). London, 1968
Albright, W. F. Review of B 847, in Journal of Biblical Literature 71 (1952) 245ffCrossRef
Amiran, R. Ancient Pottery of the Holy Land. Jerusalem, 1969
Astour, M. C. ‘841 B.C.: The first Assyrian invasion of Israel’, Journal of the American Oriental Society 91 (1971) 383ffGoogle Scholar
Avi-Yonah, M. (ed.) Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy hand I–IV. London, 1975–1978
Baltzer, K. The Covenant Formulary in Old Testament, Jewish, and Early Christian Writings. Oxford, 1971
Barnett, R. D. A Catalogue of the Nimrud Ivories and Other Examples of Ancient Near Eastern Ivories in the British Museum. 2nd edn. London, 1975
Benz, F. L. Personal Names in the Phoenician and Punic Inscriptions (Studia Pohl 8). Rome, 1972
Bright, J. A History of Israel. Revised edn. London, 1972
Brinkman, J. A. A Political History of Post-Kassite Babylonia, 1158–722 B.C. (Analecta Orientalia 43). Rome, 1968
Buccellati, G. Cities and Nations of Ancient Syria (Studi semitici 26). Rome, 1967
Caquot, A., Sznycer, M. and Herdner, A. Textes ougaritiques. I: Mythes et légendes (Littératures anciennes du Proche-Orient 7). Paris, 1974
Cazelles, H., Labat, R. and Nougayrol, J. ‘Une nouvelle stèle d'Adad-Nirari d'Assyrie et Joas d'Israël’, Comptes-rendus de l'Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres 1969, 106ffGoogle Scholar
Cresswell, K. A. C. A Short Account of Early Muslim Architecture. Harmondsworth, 1958
Cross, F. M. ‘An interpretation of the Nora Stone’, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 208 (1972) 13ffGoogle Scholar
Cross, F. M. ‘The stele dedicated to Melcarth by Ben-Hadad of Damascus’, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 205 (1972) 36ffGoogle Scholar
Crowfoot, J. W. and , G. M. Samaria–Sebaste. 2: Early Ivories from Samaria. London, 1938
Culican, W. ‘Almuñécar, Assur and Phoenician penetration of the West Mediterranean’, Levant 2 (1970) 28ffGoogle Scholar
Curtis, E. L. and Madsen, A. A. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Books of Chronicles (International Critical Commentary). Edinburgh, 1910
Dahood, M. Psalms (Anchor Bible, 16, 17, 17A). New York, 1965–1970
de Vaux, R. ‘The Excavations at Tell el-Far'ah and the Site of Ancient Tirzah’, Palestine Exploration Quarterly 88 (1956) 125ffGoogle Scholar
de Vaux, R. Ancient Israel. Its Life and Institutions. 2nd edn. London, 1965
de Vaux, R. L'archéologie et les manuscrits de la Mer Morte (Schweich Lectures, 1959). London, 1961
Decamps de Mertzenfeld, C. Inventaire commenté des ivoires phéniciens et apparentes decouverts dans le Proche-Orient I–II. Paris, 1954
Diringer, D. Le iscrizioni antico-ebraiche palestinesi. Florence, 1934
Donner, H. and Röllig, W. Kanaanäische und aramäische Inscriften I–III. Wiesbaden, 1962–4 (2nd edn, 1968)
Driver, G. R. Canaanite Myths and Legends (Old Testament Studies 3). Edinburgh, 1956
Eichrodt, W. Theology of the Old Testament I–II. London, 1961
Eilers, W. ‘Das Volk der karkā in den Ach¨amenideninschr1ffen’, Orientalistische Literaturqeitung 38 (1935)Google Scholar
Eissfeldť, O. The Old Testament. An Introduction. Oxford, 1965
Eitan, A. et al. Inscriptions Reveal. Documents from the Time of the Bible, the Mishna and the Talmud (Israel Museum, Catalogue No 100). Jerusalem, 1973
Elisseeff, N. ‘Damas a la lumière des théories de Jean Sauvaget’, in Hourani, A. H. and Stern, S. M. (eds.) The Islamic City, 15 7ff. Oxford, 1969 Google Scholar
Fohrer, G. History of Israelite Religion. London, 1973
Fohrer, G. Introduction to the Old Testament. London, 1970
Frankfort, H. The Art and Architecture of the Ancient Orient (Pelican History of Art). Harmondsworth, 1954 (4th imp., 1970)
Gibson, J. C. L. Textbook of Syrian Semitic Inscriptions I–II. Oxford, 1971, 1975. (For nos. of inscriptions of 1 see 11 163)
Glueck, N. ‘Ezion-geber’, The Biblical Archaeologist 28 (1965) 70ffGoogle Scholar
Gray, J. I&II Kings. A Commentary. 2nd edn. London, 1970
Haran, M. ‘Observations on the historical background of Amos 1: 2–2: 6’, Israel Exploration journal 18 (1968) 201ffGoogle Scholar
Harden, D. The Phoenicians. Revised edn. Harmondsworth, 1971
Harrison, R. K. Introduction to the Old Testament. London, 1970
Hatch, E. and Redpath, H. A. A Concordance to the Septuagint I–III. Oxford, 1897
Herrmann, S. A History of Israel in Old Testament Times. London, 1975
Hincks, E. ‘On the inscriptions of Van’, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 9 (1848) 387ffGoogle Scholar
Hrouda, B. Vorderasien. i: Mesopotamien, Babylonien, Iran und Anatolien (Handbucb der Archäologie). Munich, 1971
Hulse, E. V. ‘The nature of Biblical“ leprosy ”and the use of alternative medical terms in modern translations of the Bible’, Palestine Exploration Quarterly 107 (1975) 87ffGoogle Scholar
Jacob, E. Theology of the Old Testament. London, 1958
Katzenstein, H. J. ‘Who were the parents of Athaliah?’, Israel Exploration journal 5 (1955) 194ffGoogle Scholar
Katzenstein, H. J. The History of Tyre. From the Beginning of the Second Millennium B.C.E. until the Fall of the Neo-Baby Ionian Empire in 538 B.C.E. Jerusalem, 1973
Kenyon, K. M. Digging up Jerusalem. London, 1974
Kenyon, K. M. Royal Cities of the Old Testament. London, 1971
Kitchen, K. A. Ancient Orient and Old Testament. London, 1966
Kittel, G. and Friedrich, G. (eds.) Theological Dictionary of the New Testament I–X. Grand Rapids, 1964–76
Koehler, L., Baumgartner, W. et al. Hebräisches und Aramäisches Lexikon zum Alten Testament. 3rd edn. Leiden, 1967–
Layard, A. H. The Monuments of Nineveh London, 1849, 1853
Lemaire, A. Inscriptions hébraiques. 1 Les Ostraca (Littératures anciennes du Proche-Orient 9). Paris, 1977
Malamat, A. ‘On the Akkadian transcription of the name of King Joash’, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 204 (1971) 37ffGoogle Scholar
Malamat, A. ‘Organs of statecraft in the Israelite monarchy’, The Biblical Archaeologist 28 (1965) 34ffGoogle Scholar
Mallowan, M. E. L. Nimrud and its Remains. London, 1966
Mallowan, M. and Herrmann, G. Furniture from SW.7 Fort Shalmaneser (Ivories from Nimrud III). London, 1974
McCarter, P. K. ‘“Yaw, son of 'Omri”: philological note on Israelite chronology’, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 216 (1974) 5ffGoogle Scholar
McCarter, P. K. The Antiquity of the Greek Alphabet and the Early Phoenician Scripts (Harvard Semitic Monographs 9). Missoula, Montana, 1975
Millard, A. R. and Tadmor, H. ‘Adad-nirari III in Syria. Another stele fragment and the dates of his campaigns’, Iraq 35 (1973) 57ffGoogle Scholar
Millard, A. R. ‘Adad-nirari III, Aram, and Arpad’, Palestine Exploration Quarterly 105 (1973) 161ffGoogle Scholar
Millard, A. R. ‘Assyrian royal names in Biblical Hebrew’, Journal of Semitic Studies 21 (1976) 1ffGoogle Scholar
Millard, A. R. ‘Some Aramaic epigraphs’, Iraq 34 (1972) 131ffCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Millard, A. R. Review of B 54, in Orientalia 39 (1970) 445ff
Moscati, S. The World of the Phoenicians. London, 1968
Myers, J. M. I and II Chronicles (Anchor Bible 12–13). New York, 1965, 1973
Na'aman, N. ‘Sennacherib's “Letter to God” on his campaign to Judah’, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 214 (1974) 25ffGoogle Scholar
Noth, M. Die israelitischen Personennamen im Rahmen der Gemeinsemitischen Namengebung (Beiträge zur Wiss. vom A. u. N. Testamentui/111). Stuttgart, 1928.
Parpola, S. Neo-Assyrian Toponyms (Alter Orient und Altes Testament (Sonderreihe) 6). Kevelaer-Neukirchen-Vluyn, 1970
Pritchard, J. B. The Ancient Near East in Pictures Relating to the Old Testament (3rd edn, with supplement). Princeton, 1970
Rawlinson, H. C. Sir The Cuneiform Inscriptions of Western Asia: I and II (with Norris, E. ), London, 1861 and 1866; in (with Smith, G. ), London, 1870; IV (2nd edn) and V (with Pinches, T. G. ), London, 1891 and 1880–4
Reisner, F. A., Fisher, C. S. and Lyon, D. G. Harvard Excavations at Samaria I–II. Cambridge, Mass., 1924
Rinaldi, G. ‘Quelques remarques sur la politique d'Azarias (Ozias) de Juda en Philistie (2 Chron. 26: 6 ss.)’, Vetus Testamentum (Supplements) Supp. 9 (1962) 225ffGoogle Scholar
Ringgren, H. Israelite Religion. London, 1966
Rost, P. Die Keilschrifttexte Tiglat-Pilesers III. Leipzig, 1893
Sauvaget, J. ‘Le plan antique de Damas’, Syria 26 (1949)Google Scholar
Schramm, W. Einleitung in die assyrischen Königsinschriften. Zweiter Teil: 934–722 v.Chr. (Handbuch der Orientalistik)'. Leiden, 1973
Segal, J. B. ‘An Aramaic ostracon from Nimrud’, Iraq 19 (1957) 139ffGoogle Scholar
Sukenik, E. L. ‘Funerary tablet of Uzziah, King of Judah’, Palestine Exploration Quarterly 63 (1931) 217ffCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tadmor, H. ‘Azriyau of Yaudi’, Script a hierosolymitana 8 (1961) 232ffGoogle Scholar
Tadmor, H. ‘The Historical Inscriptions of Adad-nirari III’, Iraq 35 (1973) 141ffGoogle Scholar
Tadmor, H. ‘The southern border of Aram’, Israel Exploration journal 12 (1962) 114ffGoogle Scholar
Thiele, E. R. The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings. A Reconstruction of the Chronology of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah. Chicago, 1951; 2nd edn, Grand Rapids, 1965
Thureau-Dangin, F. et al. Arslan-Tash. Paris, 1931
Unger, M. F. Israel and the Arameans of Damascus. London, 1957
Vattioni, F. ‘I sigilli ebraici’, Biblica 50 (1969) 357ffGoogle Scholar
Wenham, J. W. ‘The large numbers in the Old Testament’, Tyndale Bulletin 18 (1967) 19ffGoogle Scholar
Winter, I. J. ‘Phoenician and North Syrian ivory carving in historical context’, Iraq 38 (1976) 1ffGoogle Scholar
Winton Thomas, D. (ed.) Documents from Old Testament Times. London, 1958
Wiseman, D. J. (ed.) Peoples of Old Testament Times. Oxford, 1973
Wright, G. E. ‘Israelite Samaria and Iron Age chronology’, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 155 (1959) 13ffGoogle Scholar
Wright, G. E. Biblical Archaeology. Revised edn. London, 1962
Wright, G. E. Shechem. The Biography of a Biblical City. London, 1965
Wulzinger, C. and Waltzinger, C. Damascus. 1: Die antike Stadt. Leipzig, 1921
Yadin, Y. Hazor (Schweich Lectures, 1970). London, 1972
Yadin, Y. Hazpr. An Account of the…Excavations I–IV. Jerusalem, 1958–61
Yadin, Y. The Art of Warfare in Biblical Lands 1–11. New York, 1963

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×