Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Dedication
- Contents
- Preface
- 1 Introduction
- Part I Background
- Part II Putting It All Together
- Part III Major Types of BCIs
- 7 Invasive BCIs
- 8 Semi-Invasive BCIs
- 9 Noninvasive BCIs
- 10 BCIs that Stimulate
- 11 Bidirectional and Recurrent BCIs
- Part IV Applications and Ethics
- Appendix Mathematical Background
- References
- Index
- Plate Section
10 - BCIs that Stimulate
from Part III - Major Types of BCIs
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 October 2013
- Frontmatter
- Dedication
- Contents
- Preface
- 1 Introduction
- Part I Background
- Part II Putting It All Together
- Part III Major Types of BCIs
- 7 Invasive BCIs
- 8 Semi-Invasive BCIs
- 9 Noninvasive BCIs
- 10 BCIs that Stimulate
- 11 Bidirectional and Recurrent BCIs
- Part IV Applications and Ethics
- Appendix Mathematical Background
- References
- Index
- Plate Section
Summary
We have thus far focused on BCIs that record signals from the brain and transform those signals to a control signal for an external device. In this chapter, we reverse the direction of control and discuss BCIs that can be used to stimulate and control specific brain circuits. Some of these BCIs have made the transition from the lab to the clinic and are currently being used by human subjects, such as cochlear implants and deep brain stimulators (DBS), while others are still in experimental stages. We divide these BCIs broadly into two classes: BCIs for sensory restoration and BCIs for motor restoration. We also consider the possibility of sensory augmentation.
Restoring Hearing: Cochlear Implants
One of the most successful BCI devices to date is the cochlear implant for restoring or enabling hearing in the deaf. The implant is a good example of how one can convert knowledge of information processing in a neural system, in this case the cochlea, into building a working BCI that can benefit people.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Brain-Computer InterfacingAn Introduction, pp. 210 - 220Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2013