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Chapter Fourteen - Temperate western European woodland as a dynamic environment for birds: a resource-based view

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 December 2012

By
Robert J. Fuller ,
Ken W. Smith  and
Shelley A. Hinsley
Edited by
Robert J. Fuller
Robert J. Fuller
Affiliation:
British Trust for Ornithology
Ken W. Smith
Affiliation:
Hertfordshire, UK
Shelley A. Hinsley
Affiliation:
Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, UK
Robert J. Fuller
Affiliation:
British Trust for Ornithology, Norfolk
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Summary

Woodland bird communities are immensely variable in the number and composition of species and the overall density. Some of this variation is essentially biogeographic. For example, the species pool in most taxonomic and ecological avian groups increases from Ireland through to central Europe (Fuller et al., 2007a). At more local scales, variation is driven mainly by environmental attributes that influence the resources available and consequently determine fitness of individual birds within habitat patches (Holmes, 1990; Chapter 2).

The context for this chapter is long-established woodland in landscapes that have been heavily populated and modified by people for hundreds, even thousands, of years. These woods are predominantly broadleaved, often with a recently introduced coniferous element. Mountain and conifer forests lie outside the scope of the chapter, but for a discussion of northern conifer forests see Chapter 19. In western Europe, a long history of human-related disturbance has produced woodland that is far removed from any ‘natural’ state. Historical interactions between socio-economic processes and environmental factors have produced great diversity of woodland types of varying habitat quality for birds. Regional traditions, differences in management systems and markets, spatial variation in grazing pressure, even neglect, all contribute to this heterogeneity. Whilst some heavily wooded landscapes have persisted, much woodland exists merely as fragments in agricultural landscapes and its plant and animal communities are strongly affected by the surroundings (Chapters 4–6).

Type
Chapter
Information
Birds and Habitat
Relationships in Changing Landscapes
 , pp. 352 - 380
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2012

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