Origin and evolution of Hawaiian endemics: new patterns revealed by molecular phylogenetic studies

doi:10.1017/CBO9780511844270.005

4 - Origin and evolution of Hawaiian endemics: new patterns revealed by molecular phylogenetic studies

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 October 2011

Sterling C. Keeley and

Vicki A. Funk

Edited by

David Bramwell and

Juli Caujapé-Castells

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Sterling C. Keeley: Affiliation:
University of Hawaii
Vicki A. Funk: Affiliation:
Smithsonian Institution
David Bramwell: Affiliation:
Jardín Botánico Canario 'Viera y Clavijo' - Unidad Asociada CSIC
Juli Caujapé-Castells: Affiliation:
Jardín Botánico Canario 'Viera y Clavijo' - Unidad Asociada CSIC

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Summary

The current high islands of the Hawaiian archipelago are among the most remote land masses in the world. They lie 3500 km from California, the nearest continental source, and approximately 2300 km from the Marquesas, the nearest islands (Fig. 4.1). They are the southernmost islands in the Hawaiian Ridge, formed successively over a ‘hot spot’ that has allowed magma to penetrate the Pacific Plate. The plate has moved gradually north and northwestwards over the past 85 Ma, leaving the previously formed islands to gradually erode and subside (Clague, 1996). The current high islands (Fig. 4.1, inset) range in age from Kauai/Niihau (5.1–4.9 Ma), to Oahu (3.7–2.6 Ma), to Maui Nui (2.2–1.2 Ma), during the Pleistocene comprising several islands – West Maui (1.3 Ma), East Maui (0.75 Ma), Molokai (1.76–1.90 Ma), Lanai (1.28 Ma) and Kaho’olawe (1.03 Ma) – and Hawaii (0.5 Ma to present) (Price & Clague, 2002).

Type: Chapter
Information: The Biology of Island Floras , pp. 57 - 88

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511844270.005 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2011

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