Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- Introduction
- 1 The growing of apples and pears
- 2 Apples and pears and their relatives
- 3 Apple and pear root systems: induction, development, structure and function
- 4 The graft union, grafting and budding
- 5 Mechanisms of rootstock and interstock effects on scion vigour
- 6 The shoot system
- 7 Leaves, canopies and light interception
- 8 Photosynthesis, respiration, and carbohydrate transport, partitioning and storage
- 9 Flowers and fruits
- 10 Eating quality and its retention
- 11 Mineral nutrition
- 12 Water relations
- 13 Diseases, pests, and resistance to these
- 14 Biotechnology of apples and pears
- Cultivar Index
- General Index
- References
11 - Mineral nutrition
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 13 August 2009
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- Introduction
- 1 The growing of apples and pears
- 2 Apples and pears and their relatives
- 3 Apple and pear root systems: induction, development, structure and function
- 4 The graft union, grafting and budding
- 5 Mechanisms of rootstock and interstock effects on scion vigour
- 6 The shoot system
- 7 Leaves, canopies and light interception
- 8 Photosynthesis, respiration, and carbohydrate transport, partitioning and storage
- 9 Flowers and fruits
- 10 Eating quality and its retention
- 11 Mineral nutrition
- 12 Water relations
- 13 Diseases, pests, and resistance to these
- 14 Biotechnology of apples and pears
- Cultivar Index
- General Index
- References
Summary
Introduction
Aspects of nutrient uptake by roots and of mineral nutrition in relation to vegetative growth and fruiting have been discussed in earlier chapters. Fruit mineral content in relation to storage and eating quality was considered in Chapter 10 and calcium uptake, transport and effects on cell structure and metabolism were discussed in particular detail because of its dominant rôle with respect to fruit firmness and the incidence of some pre- and post-harvest physiological disorders. In the present chapter more general aspects of the uptake, transport and redistribution of nutrients are dealt with.
Nutrient requirements
A first approximation of the necessary supply of major elements for apple and pear tree growth is obtained by measurement of the mineral content of well-grown and productive trees. Relevant figures from Washington State, USA are given in Table 11.1. These are for an old-style orchard at maturity, with a similar cropping level but most probably more vegetative dry matter than many modern orchards on dwarfing rootstocks. Most of the nutrients removed from the soil and not returned to it are in the fruits so the need to replace nutrients is largely a function of crop yield. Where yields are much higher, e.g. in South Africa and, especially, New Zealand the replacement needs will be much greater. Losses by leaching can be appreciable under conditions of high rainfall or irrigation on appropriate soil types.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The Biology of Apples and Pears , pp. 384 - 414Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2003
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