Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-669899f699-qzcqf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-05-05T05:05:18.889Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

18 - Improving oocyte maturation in vitro

from Section 3 - Developmental biology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 October 2013

By
Jeremy G. Thompson  and
Robert B. Gilchrist
Edited by
Alan Trounson ,
Roger Gosden  and
Ursula Eichenlaub-Ritter
Jeremy G. Thompson
Affiliation:
Research Centre for Reproductive Health, Robinson Institute, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health,The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
Robert B. Gilchrist
Affiliation:
Research Centre for Reproductive Health, Robinson Institute, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
Alan Trounson
Affiliation:
California Institute for Regenerative Medicine
Roger Gosden
Affiliation:
Center for Reproductive Medicine and Infertility, Cornell University, New York
Ursula Eichenlaub-Ritter
Affiliation:
Universität Bielefeld, Germany
Get access

Summary

Introduction

Successful infertility treatment, especially in vitro fertilization (IVF) and accompanying clinical and laboratory technologies, has to be one of the great medical success stories of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. In the space of 35 years of development, assisted reproduction through IVF now contributes up to 4% of all births in developed nations, with these figures set to increase further due to the influence of increasing maternal age to first conception, lifestyle choices, and the exposure to environmental toxins. The success of current technology utilized in an IVF cycle is dependent on gonadotropic hormone hyperstimulation of the ovary to generate large numbers of mature oocytes (Figure 18.1). Nevertheless, hormonal stimulation of the ovary by follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), or an analog, is associated with various risks and financial costs. These include: a health risk to women caused by severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), which affects 0.5–5% of gonadotropin-treated women [1]; a risk to oocyte and resulting embryo health (e.g., embryo an-euploidy [2] and perturbed genomic imprinting [3]); and a significant financial burden placed on couples and/or healthcare providers due to the cost of the gonadotropin treatment. Furthermore, FSH has dose-dependent adverse effects on subsequent embryo quality, endometrial protein expression, and pregnancy rates in adult, cycling female mice [4, 5]. Therefore, safe, reliable alternatives to the current clinical IVF practices that remove the need for hyperstimulatory FSH treatment, accompanied with increased treatment options for women, is highly attractive. This would be particularly so for women who suffer from the very prevalent condition of polycystic ovaries (estimated to be around 20% of women of reproductive age), who are particularly susceptible to OHSS and as a result, at times have limited IVF treatment options.

Type
Chapter
Information
Biology and Pathology of the Oocyte
Role in Fertility, Medicine and Nuclear Reprograming
 , pp. 212 - 223
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2013

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Book purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Delvigne, A, Rozenberg, S.Epidemiology and prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS): a review. Hum Reprod Update 2002; 8(6): 559–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baart, EB, Martini, E, Eijkemans, MJ, et al. Milder ovarian stimulation for in-vitro fertilization reduces aneuploidy in the human preimplantation embryo: a randomized controlled trial. Hum Reprod 2007; 22(4): 980–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Market-Velker, BA, Zhang, L, Magri, LS, Bonvissuto, AC, Mann, MR.Dual effects of superovulation: loss of maternal and paternal imprinted methylation in a dose-dependent manner. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 19(1): 36–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Edwards, LJ, Kind, KL, Armstrong, DT, Thompson, JG.Effects of recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone on embryo development in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2005; 288(5): E845–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kelley, RL, Kind, KL, Lane, M, et al. Recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone alters maternal ovarian hormone concentrations and the uterus and perturbs fetal development in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2006; 291(4): E761–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pincus, G, Enzmann, EV.The comparative behavior of mammalian eggs in vivo and in vitro : I. The activation of ovarian eggs. J Exp Med 1935; 62(5): 665–75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schroeder, AC, Eppig, JJ.The developmental capacity of mouse oocytes that matured spontaneously in vitro is normal. Dev Biol 1984; 102(2): 493–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cha, KY, Koo, JJ, Ko, JJ, et al. Pregnancy after in vitro fertilization of human follicular oocytes collected from nonstimulated cycles, their culture in vitro and their transfer in a donor oocyte program. Fertil Steril 1991; 55(1): 109–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stroud, B.The year 2010 worldwide statistics of embryo transfer in domestic farm animals. International Embryo Transfer Newsletter 2011; 29(4): 14–23.Google Scholar
Gilchrist, RB, Thompson, JG.Oocyte maturation: emerging concepts and technologies to improve developmental potential in vitro. Theriogenology 2007; 67(1): 6–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gilchrist, RB.Recent insights into oocyte-follicle cell interactions provide opportunities for the development of new approaches to in vitro maturation. Reprod Fertil Dev 2011; 23(1): 23–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gilchrist, RB, Lane, M, Thompson, JG.Oocyte-secreted factors: regulators of cumulus cell function and oocyte quality. Hum Reprod Update 2008; 14(2): 159–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sutton, ML, Gilchrist, RB, Thompson, JG.Effects of in-vivo and in-vitro environments on the metabolism of the cumulus-oocyte complex and its influence on oocyte developmental capacity. Hum Reprod Update 2003; 9(1): 35–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, E, Albertini, DF.Gap junctions between the oocyte and companion follicle cells in the mammalian ovary. J Cell Biol 1976; 71(2): 680–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guzman, L, Ortega-Hrepich, C, Albuz, FK, et al. Developmental capacity of in vitro-matured human oocytes retrieved from polycystic ovary syndrome ovaries containing no follicles larger than 6 mm. Fertil Steril 2012; 98(2): 503-7.e1–2.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fair, T, Hyttel, P, Greve, T.Bovine oocyte diameter in relation to maturational competence and transcriptional activity. Mol Reprod Dev 1995; 42(4): 437–42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hyttel, P, Fair, T, Callesen, H, Greve, T.Oocyte growth, capacitation and final maturation in cattle. Theriogenology 1997; 47: 23–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chian, RC, Gulekli, B, Buckett, WM, Tan, SL.Priming with human chorionic gonadotropin before retrieval of immature oocytes in women with infertility due to the polycystic ovary syndrome [letter] [published erratum appears in N Engl J Med 2000; 342(3): 224]. N Engl J Med 1999; 341(21): 1624, 1626.Google Scholar
Chian, RC, Buckett, WM, Tulandi, T, Tan, SL.Prospective randomized study of human chorionic gonadotrophin priming before immature oocyte retrieval from unstimulated women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Hum Reprod 2000; 15(1): 165–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hagemann, LJ.Influence of the dominant follicle on oocytes from subordinate follicles. Theriogenology 1999; 51(2): 449–59.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Banwell, KM, Lane, M, Russell, DL, Kind, KL, Thompson, JG.Oxygen concentration during mouse oocyte in vitro maturation affects embryo and fetal development. Hum Reprod 2007; 22(10): 2768–75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gilchrist, RB, Ritter, LJ, Armstrong, DT.Oocyte-somatic cell interactions during follicle development in mammals. Anim Reprod Sci 2004; 82–83: 431–46.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thomas, RE, Armstrong, DT, Gilchrist, RB.Bovine cumulus cell-oocyte gap junctional communication during in vitro maturation in response to manipulation of cell-specific cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosophate levels. Biol Reprod 2004; 70(3): 548–56.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Norris, RP, Ratzan, WJ, Freudzon, M, et al. Cyclic GMP from the surrounding somatic cells regulates cyclic AMP and meiosis in the mouse oocyte. Development 2009; 136(11): 1869–78.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fair, T, Hulshof, SC, Hyttel, P, Greve, T, Boland, M.Nucleus ultrastructure and transcriptional activity of bovine oocytes in preantral and early antral follicles. Mol Reprod Dev 1997; 46(2): 208–15.3.0.CO;2-X>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McNatty, KP, Moore, LG, Hudson, NL, et al. The oocyte and its role in regulating ovulation rate: a new paradigm in reproductive biology. Reproduction 2004; 128(4): 379–86.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mottershead, DG, Ritter, LJ, Gilchrist, RB.Signalling pathways mediating specific synergistic interactions between GDF9 and BMP15. Mol Hum Reprod 2012; 18(3): 121–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sugiura, K, Su, YQ, Diaz, FJ, et al. Oocyte-derived BMP15 and FGFs cooperate to promote glycolysis in cumulus cells. Development 2007; 134(14): 2593–603.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hussein, TS, Froiland, DA, Amato, F, Thompson, JG, Gilchrist, RB.Oocytes prevent cumulus cell apoptosis by maintaining a morphogenic paracrine gradient of bone morphogenetic proteins. J Cell Sci 2005; 118(Pt 22): 5257–68.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dong, J, Albertini, DF, Nishimori, K, et al. Growth differentiation factor-9 is required during early ovarian folliculogenesis. Nature 1996; 383(6600): 531–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yan, C, Wang, P, DeMayo, J, et al. Synergistic roles of bone morphogenetic protein 15 and growth differentiation factor 9 in ovarian function. Mol Endocrinol 2001; 15(6): 854–66.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Galloway, SM, McNatty, KP, Cambridge, LM, et al. Mutations in an oocyte-derived growth factor gene (BMP15) cause increased ovulation rate and infertility in a dosage-sensitive manner. Nat Genet 2000; 25(3): 279–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hanrahan, JP, Gregan, SM, Mulsant, P, et al. Mutations in the genes for oocyte-derived growth factors GDF9 and BMP15 are associated with both increased ovulation rate and sterility in Cambridge and Belclare sheep (Ovis aries). Biol Reprod 2004; 70: 900–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crawford, JL, McNatty, KP.The ratio of growth differentiation factor 9: bone morphogenetic protein 15 mRNA expression is tightly co-regulated and differs between species over a wide range of ovulation rates. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 348(1): 339–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simpson, CM, Stanton, PG, Walton, KL, et al. Activation of latent human GDF9 by a single residue change (Gly391Arg) in the mature domain. Endocrinology 2012; 153(3): 1301–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sturmey, RG, Reis, A, Leese, HJ, McEvoy, TG.Role of fatty acids in energy provision during oocyte maturation and early embryo development. Reprod Domest Anim 2009; 44 Suppl 3: 50–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Downs, SM, Mosey, JL, Klinger, J.Fatty acid oxidation and meiotic resumption in mouse oocytes. Mol Reprod Dev 2009; 76(9): 844–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dunning, KR, Cashman, K, Russell, DL, et al. Beta-oxidation is essential for mouse oocyte developmental competence and early embryo development. Biol Reprod 2010; 83(6): 909–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mehlmann, LM, Jones, TL, Jaffe, LA.Meiotic arrest in the mouse follicle maintained by a Gs protein in the oocyte. Science 2002; 297(5585): 1343–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tornell, J, Billig, H, Hillensjo, T.Regulation of oocyte maturation by changes in ovarian levels of cyclic nucleotides. Hum Reprod 1991; 6(3): 411–22.Google ScholarPubMed
Vaccari, S, Weeks, JL, Hsieh, M, Menniti, FS, Conti, M.Cyclic GMP signaling is involved in the luteinizing hormone-dependent meiotic maturation of mouse oocytes. Biol Reprod 2009; 81(3): 595–604.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zhang, M, Su, YQ, Sugiura, K, Xia, G, Eppig, JJ.Granulosa cell ligand NPPC and its receptor NPR2 maintain meiotic arrest in mouse oocytes. Science 2010; 330(6002): 366–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kawamura, K, Cheng, Y, Kawamura, N, et al. Pre-ovulatory LH/hCG surge decreases C-type natriuretic peptide secretion by ovarian granulosa cells to promote meiotic resumption of pre-ovulatory oocytes. Hum Reprod 2011; 26(11): 3094–101.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Park, JY, Su, YQ, Ariga, M, et al. EGF-like growth factors as mediators of LH action in the ovulatory follicle. Science 2004; 303(5658): 682–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shimada, M, Hernandez-Gonzalez, I, Gonzalez-Robayna, I, Richards, JS.Paracrine and autocrine regulation of epidermal growth factor-like factors in cumulus oocyte complexes and granulosa cells: key roles for prostaglandin synthase 2 and progesterone receptor. Mol Endocrinol 2006; 20(6): 1352–65.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fan, HY, Liu, Z, Shimada, M, et al. MAPK3/1 (ERK1/2) in ovarian granulosa cells are essential for female fertility. Science 2009; 324(5929): 938–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Downs, SM, Chen, J.EGF-like peptides mediate FSH-induced maturation of cumulus cell-enclosed mouse oocytes. Mol Reprod Dev 2008; 75(1): 105–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Conti, M, Hsieh, M, Musa Zamah, A, Oh, JS.Novel signaling mechanisms in the ovary during oocyte maturation and ovulation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 356(1–2): 65–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smitz, JE, Thompson, JG, Gilchrist, RB.The promise of in vitro maturation in assisted reproduction and fertility preservation. Semin Reprod Med 2011; 29(1): 24–37.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kind, KL, Banwell, KM, Gebhardt, KM, et al. Microarray analysis of mRNA from cumulus cells following in vivo or in vitro maturation of mouse cumulusoocyte complexes. Reprod Fertil Dev 2013; 25(2): 426–58.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wathlet, S, Adriaenssens, T, Segers, I, et al. Cumulus cell gene expression predicts better cleavage-stage embryo or blastocyst development and pregnancy for ICSI patients. Hum Reprod 2011; 26(5): 1035–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gebhardt, KM, Feil, DK, Dunning, KR, Lane, M, Russell, DL.Human cumulus cell gene expression as a biomarker of pregnancy outcome after single embryo transfer. Fertil Steril 2011; 96(1): 47–52 e2.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hussein, TS, Thompson, JG, Gilchrist, RB.Oocyte-secreted factors enhance oocyte developmental competence. Dev Biol 2006; 296(2): 514–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yeo, CX, Gilchrist, RB, Thompson, JG, Lane, M.Exogenous growth differentiation factor 9 in oocyte maturation media enhances subsequent embryo development and fetal viability in mice. Hum Reprod 2008; 23(1): 67–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Romaguera, R, Morato, R, Jimenez-Macedo, AR, et al. Oocyte secreted factors improve embryo developmental competence of COCs from small follicles in prepubertal goats. Theriogenology 2010; 74(6): 1050–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gomez, MN, Kang, JT, Koo, OJ, et al. Effect of oocyte-secreted factors on porcine in vitro maturation, cumulus expansion and developmental competence of parthenotes. Zygote 2012; 20(2): 135–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dey, SR, Deb, GK, Ha, AN, et al. Coculturing denuded oocytes during the in vitro maturation of bovine cumulus oocyte complexes exerts a synergistic effect on embryo development. Theriogenology 2012; 77(6): 1064–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hussein, TS, Sutton-McDowall, ML, Gilchrist, RB, Thompson, JG.Temporal effects of exogenous oocyte-secreted factors on bovine oocyte developmental competence during IVM. Reprod Fertil Dev 2011; 23(4): 576–84.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nogueira, D, Cortvrindt, R, De Matos, DG, Vanhoutte, L, Smitz, J.Effect of phosphodiesterase type 3 inhibitor on developmental competence of immature mouse oocytes in vitro. Biol Reprod 2003; 69: 2045–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thomas, RE, Thompson, JG, Armstrong, DT, Gilchrist, RB.Effect of specific phosphodiesterase isoenzyme inhibitors during in vitro maturation of bovine oocytes on meiotic and developmental capacity. Biol Reprod. 2004; 71(4): 1142–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nogueira, D, Albano, C, Adriaenssens, T, et al. Human oocytes reversibly arrested in prophase I by phosphodiesterase type 3 inhibitor in vitro. Biol Reprod 2003; 69(3): 1042–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Albuz, FK, Sasseville, M, Lane, M, et al. Simulated physiological oocyte maturation (SPOM): a novel in vitro maturation system that substantially improves embryo yield and pregnancy outcomes. Hum Reprod 2010; 25(12): 2999–3011.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Funahashi, H, Cantley, TC, Day, BN.Synchronization of meiosis in porcine oocytes by exposure to dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate improves developmental competence following in vitro fertilization. Biol Reprod 1997; 57(1): 49–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guixue, Z, Luciano, AM, Coenen, K, Gandolfi, F, Sirard, MA.The influence of cAMP before or during bovine oocyte maturation on embryonic developmental competence. Theriogenology 2001; 55(8): 1733–43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Luciano, AM, Pocar, P, Milanesi, E, et al. Effect of different levels of intracellular cAMP on the in vitro maturation of cattle oocytes and their subsequent development following in vitro fertilization. Mol Reprod Dev 1999; 54(1): 86–91.3.0.CO;2-C>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Banwell, KM, Thompson, JG.In vitro maturation of mammalian oocytes: outcomes and consequences. Semin Reprod Med 2008; 26(2): 162–74.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Luciano, AM, Franciosi, F, Modina, SC, Lodde, V.Gap junction-mediated communications regulate chromatin remodeling during bovine oocyte growth and differentiation through cAMP-dependent mechanism(s). Biol Reprod 2011; 85(6): 1252–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hunter, RH.Temperature gradients in female reproductive tissues. Reprod Biomed Online 2012; 24(4): 377–80.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leese, HJ, Baumann, CG, Brison, DR, McEvoy, TG, Sturmey, RG.Metabolism of the viable mammalian embryo: quietness revisited. Mol Hum Reprod 2008; 14(12): 667–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pinyopummintr, T, Bavister, BD.Optimum gas atmosphere for in vitro maturation and in vitro fertilization of bovine oocytes. Theriogenology 1995; 44(4): 471–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hashimoto, S, Minami, N, Takakura, R, et al. Low oxygen tension during in vitro maturation is beneficial for supporting the subsequent development of bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes. Mol Reprod Dev 2000; 57(4): 353–60.3.0.CO;2-R>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Preis, KA, Seidel, GE, Gardner, DK.Reduced oxygen concentration improves the developmental competence of mouse oocytes following in vitro maturation. Mol Reprod Dev 2007; 74(7): 893–903.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clark, AR, Stokes, YM, Lane, M, Thompson, JG.Mathematical modelling of oxygen concentration in bovine and murine cumulus-oocyte complexes. Reproduction 2006; 131(6): 999–1006.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
De Vos, A, Van de Velde, H, Joris, H, Van Steirteghem, A.In-vitro matured metaphase-I oocytes have a lower fertilization rate but similar embryo quality as mature metaphase-II oocytes after intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Hum Reprod 1999; 14(7):1859–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Edgar, DH, Gook, DA.A critical appraisal of cryopreservation (slow cooling versus vitrification) of human oocytes and embryos. Hum Reprod Update 2012; 18(5): 536–54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smitz, J, Dolmans, MM, Donnez, J, et al. Current achievements and future research directions in ovarian tissue culture, in vitro follicle development and transplantation: implications for fertility preservation. Hum Reprod Update 2010; 16(4): 395–414.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • Improving oocyte maturation in vitro
    • By Jeremy G. Thompson, Research Centre for Reproductive Health, Robinson Institute, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health,The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia, Robert B. Gilchrist, Research Centre for Reproductive Health, Robinson Institute, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
  • Edited by Alan Trounson, Roger Gosden, Ursula Eichenlaub-Ritter, Universität Bielefeld, Germany
  • Book: Biology and Pathology of the Oocyte
  • Online publication: 05 October 2013
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139135030.019
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Improving oocyte maturation in vitro
    • By Jeremy G. Thompson, Research Centre for Reproductive Health, Robinson Institute, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health,The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia, Robert B. Gilchrist, Research Centre for Reproductive Health, Robinson Institute, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
  • Edited by Alan Trounson, Roger Gosden, Ursula Eichenlaub-Ritter, Universität Bielefeld, Germany
  • Book: Biology and Pathology of the Oocyte
  • Online publication: 05 October 2013
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139135030.019
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Improving oocyte maturation in vitro
    • By Jeremy G. Thompson, Research Centre for Reproductive Health, Robinson Institute, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health,The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia, Robert B. Gilchrist, Research Centre for Reproductive Health, Robinson Institute, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
  • Edited by Alan Trounson, Roger Gosden, Ursula Eichenlaub-Ritter, Universität Bielefeld, Germany
  • Book: Biology and Pathology of the Oocyte
  • Online publication: 05 October 2013
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139135030.019
Available formats
×