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11 - Biodiversity of saprotrophic fungi in relation to their function: do fungi obey the rules?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 September 2009

By
Clare H. Robinson ,
E. Janie Pryce Miller  and
Lewis J. Deacon
Edited by
Richard Bardgett ,
Michael Usher  and
David Hopkins
Clare H. Robinson
Affiliation:
King's College, University of London
E. Janie Pryce Miller
Affiliation:
King's College, University of London and Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Lancaster
Lewis J. Deacon
Affiliation:
King's College, University of London and Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Lancaster
Richard Bardgett
Affiliation:
Lancaster University
Michael Usher
Affiliation:
University of Stirling
David Hopkins
Affiliation:
University of Stirling
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Summary

SUMMARY

  1. The mycelia of fungal communities in soil and plant litter are strongly structured by soil horizon and resource availability. Resource quality is important in determining species composition and a certain degree of ‘host’ specificity exists. In soil fungal communities, a few taxa occur much more frequently than the large number of rare ones. The taxa detected are highly dependent on the techniques used. Therefore, it is necessary to cross-reference the information obtained from different methods.

  2. Fungal communities in soil and plant litter are enormously diverse taxonomically, with possibly hundreds of species present in a particular soil horizon. There is still much work to be carried out at the local scale to detect the mycelia of fungi and identify them, together with estimating fungal species richness. Without these initial taxonomic studies, it is impossible subsequently to relate mycelial location and function to species diversity.

  3. Scattered data exist about functional diversity of fungi in soil and plant litter, and there is still far to go before specific fungal decomposer functions are satisfactorily described, especially in the natural environment. Again, a combination of methods is needed. The results of functional tests, especially for ‘key’ species, should be related to community structure.

  4. Are all the possibly hundreds of fungal species present on decomposing plant litter necessary to maintain decomposition rates? There is some evidence for functional redundancy because frequently isolated species have been found to have the same specific enzyme capabilities for decomposition as occasional ones. The idiosyncratic hypothesis may also be supported. The existence of ‘keystone’ species, on which the maintenance of whole ecosystems may rely, suggests that decomposition rate is dependent more on fungal species composition, and its functional repertoire, rather than on simply richness alone.

Type
Chapter
Information
Biological Diversity and Function in Soils , pp. 189 - 215
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2005

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