Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Foreword: Emerging frontiers in the bioarchaeology of Southeast Asia
- Preface
- 1 Introduction: Southeast Asian bioarchaeology past and present
- Part I Morphological diversity, evolution and population relationships
- 2 The population history of Southeast Asia viewed from morphometric analyses of human skeletal and dental remains
- 3 A multivariate craniometric study of the prehistoric and modern inhabitants of Southeast Asia, East Asia and surrounding regions: a human kaleidoscope?
- 4 Interpretation of craniofacial variation and diversification of East and Southeast Asians
- 5 New perspectives on the peopling of Southeast and East Asia during the late upper Pleistocene
- 6 Human variation and evolution in Holocene Peninsular Malaysia
- 7 Dentition of the Batak people of Palawan Island, the Philippines: Southeast Asian Negrito origins
- Part II Health, disease and quality of life
- Part III Conclusions
- Index
- References
4 - Interpretation of craniofacial variation and diversification of East and Southeast Asians
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 18 November 2009
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Foreword: Emerging frontiers in the bioarchaeology of Southeast Asia
- Preface
- 1 Introduction: Southeast Asian bioarchaeology past and present
- Part I Morphological diversity, evolution and population relationships
- 2 The population history of Southeast Asia viewed from morphometric analyses of human skeletal and dental remains
- 3 A multivariate craniometric study of the prehistoric and modern inhabitants of Southeast Asia, East Asia and surrounding regions: a human kaleidoscope?
- 4 Interpretation of craniofacial variation and diversification of East and Southeast Asians
- 5 New perspectives on the peopling of Southeast and East Asia during the late upper Pleistocene
- 6 Human variation and evolution in Holocene Peninsular Malaysia
- 7 Dentition of the Batak people of Palawan Island, the Philippines: Southeast Asian Negrito origins
- Part II Health, disease and quality of life
- Part III Conclusions
- Index
- References
Summary
Introduction
The origins and affinities of Southeast Asians have been much debated over the years. The classic view held that the indigenous inhabitants of Southeast Asia were of Australian and Melanesian lineages. Then a wave of migrants from somewhere in southern China displaced and absorbed the majority of the indigenous population at some point between 4,000 and 5,000 years BP (Brothwell 1960, Howells 1976, 1977, Birdsell 1977, Bowles 1977, Glinka 1981, Bellwood 1985, 1987). In stark contrast to the population replacement model described above, other researchers espouse a local evolution model in which there was no significant gene flow into Southeast Asia from populations of East Asia (Bulbeck 1981, 1982, Omoto 1984, Turner 1987, 1990, 1992, Pietrusewsky 1988, Pietrusewsky and Chang 2003). Recently, Lahr (1996) and Underhill et al. (2001) have suggested that the colonisation of Southeast Asia by modern humans may have taken place through multiple dispersals. The first may have been an eastward movement of coastal peoples from East Africa to Arabia via the Horn, along the Indian Ocean rim towards Southeast Asia and finally into Australia. The second phase of modern occupation of Southeast Asia might have resulted from an expansion of the range of modern humans in North Africa and West Asia (Lahr 1996).
Turner (1987, 1990, 1992), Ballinger et al. (1992) and Chu et al. (1998) proposed that the human occupation of East and Northeast Asia resulted from the expansion of late Pleistocene Southeast Asians.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Bioarchaeology of Southeast Asia , pp. 91 - 111Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2006
References
, , et al. 1992. Southeast Asian mitochondrial DNA analysis reveals genetic continuity of ancient Mongoloid migration. Genetics, 130: 139–152.Google Scholar
1978. Man's Conquest of the Pacific: the Prehistory of Southeast Asia and Oceania. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
1987. The prehistory of island Southeast Asia: a multidisciplinary review of recent research. Journal of World Prehistory 1: 171–224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birdsell J. B. 1977. The recalibration of paradigm for the first peopling of greater Australia. In , and , eds., Sunda and Sahul: Prehistoric Studies in Southeast Asia, Melanesia, and Australia. London: Academic Press, pp. 113–167.Google Scholar
and 1990. A nonracial craniofacial perspective on human variation A(ustralia) to Z(uni). American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 82: 341–360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , et al. 2001. Old World sources of the first New World Human inhabitants: a comparative craniofacial view. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 98: 10017–10022.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bräuer G. 1988. Osteometrie: a. Kraniometrie. In , ed., Anthropologie: Handbuch der Vergleichenden Biologie des Menschen, Vol. I. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer, pp. 160–193.Google Scholar
1960. Upper Pleistocene human skull from Niah Caves, Sarawak. Sarawak Museum Journal, 9: 323–349.Google Scholar
1977. The Macmillan Series in Physical Anthropology: People and Race. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
1981. Continuities in Southeast Asian evolution since the late Pleistocene, some new material described and some old questions reviewed. M.A. thesis, Australian National University, Canberra.Google Scholar
1982. A re-evaluation of possible evolutionary processes in Southeast Asia since the late Pleistocene. Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association 3: 1–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , and 1988. Reconstruction of human evolution: bringing together genetic, archaeological, and linguistic data. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 85: 6002–6006.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, and 1994. The History and Geography of Human Genes. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
, , et al. 1998. Genetic relationship of populations in China. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 95: 11763–11768.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1987. Transmission of human craniofacial dimensions. Journal of Craniofacial, Genetic, and Developmental Biology 7: 95–106.Google ScholarPubMed
Glinka J. 1981. Racial history of Indonesia. In , ed., Rassengeschichte der menschheit. Munich: R. Lodenbourg, pp. 97–113.Google Scholar
Greenberg J. H. 1971. The Indo-Pacific hypothesis. [In Sebeok T. A., ed., Linguistics in Oceania.] Current Trends in Linguistics8: 807–871.
2000. Frontal and facial flatness of major human populations. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 111: 105–134.3.0.CO;2-O>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and 2001. Os incae: variation in frequency in major human population groups. Journal of Anatomy 198: 137–152.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, and 1998. Os zygomaticum bipartitum: frequency distribution in major human populations. Journal of Anatomy 192: 539–555.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , et al. 1999. Intra- and interobserver errors in facial flatness measurements. Anthropological Science 107: 25–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and 2003. Characterization of biological diversity through analysis of discrete cranial traits. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 121: 241–251.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
1973. Papers of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Vol. 67, Cranial Variation in Man. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
1976. Physical variation and history in Melanesia and Australia. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 45: 641–650.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Howells W. W.1977. The sources of human variation in Melanesia and Australia. In , and , eds., Sunda and Sahul: Prehistoric Studies in Southeast Asia, Melanesia, and Australia. London: Academic Press, pp. 169–186.Google Scholar
1989. Papers of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Vol. 79, Skull Shapes and the Map: Craniometric Analyses in the Dispersion of Modern Homo. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
1995. Papers of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Vol. 82, Who's Who in Skulls: Ethnic Identification of Crania from MeasurementsCambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
and 1999. Nonmetric cranial variation of the Ainu and neighbouring human populations. Perspectives in Human Biology 4: 127–138.Google Scholar
1967. Racial identification of bronze age human dentitions from Bali, Indonesia. Journal of Dental Research 46: 903–910.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jacob T.1975. Morphology and palaeoecology of early man in Java. In , ed., Palaeoanthropology: Morphology and Palaeoecology. The Hague: Mouton, pp. 311–324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and 2001. Variation among early North American crania. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 114: 146–155.3.0.CO;2-E>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and 2003. Reply to van Vark et al.: is European upper Paleolithic cranial morphology a useful analogy for early Americans? American Journal of Physical Anthropology 121: 185–188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1979. The deep skull of Niah: an assessment of twenty years of speculation concerning its evolutionary significance. Asian Perspectives 20: 32–50.Google Scholar
1995. Patterns of modern human diversification: implications for Amerindian origins. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 38: 163–198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1996. The Evolution of Modern Human Diversity: a Study of Cranial Variation. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
and 1996. The question of robusticity and the relationships between cranial size and shape in Homo sapiens. Journal of Human Evolution 31: 157–191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and 2000. Natives or immigrants: modern human origin in East Asia. Nature Genetics 1: 126–133.Google Scholar
1978. The Tabon cave mandible. Archaeology and Physical Anthropology in Oceania 13: 143–159.Google Scholar
Nei M. 1995. The origins of human populations: genetic, linguistic, and archeological data. In and , eds., The Origin and Past of Modern Humans as Viewed from DNA. Singapore: World Scientific, pp. 71–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and 1993. Evolutionary relationships of human populations on a global scale. Molecular Biology and Evolution 10: 927–943.Google ScholarPubMed
1984. The Negritos: genetic origins and microevolution. Acta Anthropogenetica 8: 137–147.Google ScholarPubMed
Omoto K.1995. Genetic diversity and the origins of the ‘Mongoloids’. In and , eds., The Origin and Past of Modern Humans as Viewed from DNA. Singapore: World Scientific, pp. 92–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and 1997. Genetic origins of the Japanese: a partial support for the dual structure hypothesis. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 102: 437–446.3.0.CO;2-P>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
1984. Metric and non-metric cranial variation in Australian Aboriginal populations compared with populations from the Pacific and Asia. Occasional Papers in Human Biology 3: 1–113.Google Scholar
1988. Multivariate comparisons of recently excavated Neolithic human crania from the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. International Journal of Anthropology 3: 267–283.Google Scholar
1990. Craniofacial variation in Australasian and Pacific populations. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 82: 319–340.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
1997. The people of Ban Chiang: an early Bronze site in Northeast Thailand. Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association 16: 119–148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1999. A multivariate craniometric study of the inhabitants of the Ryukyu Islands and comparisons with cranial series from Japan, Asia, and the Pacific. Anthropological Science 107: 255–281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and 2003. Taiwan Aboriginals and peoples of the Pacific–Asia region: multivariate craniometric comparisons. Anthropological Science 111: 293–332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pietrusewsky M. and Ikehara-Quebral R. 2001. Multivariate comparisons of Rapa Nui (Easter Island), Polynesian and circum-Polynesian crania. In , and , eds., Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Easter Island and the Pacific. Los Osos, CA: Easter Island Foundation, pp. 457–494.Google Scholar
and 1999. Craniofacial morphology of the first Americans: pattern and process in the peopling of the New World. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 42: 153–188.3.0.CO;2-L>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1991. Genetic drift and anthropometric variation in Ireland. Human Biology 63: 155–165.Google ScholarPubMed
1994. Craniometric variation among modern human populations. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 95: 53–62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
1996. Genetic drift can obscure population history: problem and solution. Human Biology 68: 29–44.Google ScholarPubMed
and 1990. Detection of differential gene flow from patterns of quantitative variation. Human Biology 62: 5–25.Google ScholarPubMed
and 1994. Craniometric variation, genetic theory, and modern human origins. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 95: 249–270.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and 1995. Ancient differences in population size can mimic a recent African origin of modern humans. Current Anthropology 36: 667–674.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and 1997. The Anthropology of Modern Human Teeth: Dental Morphology and its Variation in Recent Human Populations. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and 1992. Peopling of the Americas: palaeobiological evidence. Human Biology 64: 303–336.Google Scholar
. 1987. Late Pleistocene and Holocene population history of East Asia based on dental variation. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 73: 305–321.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
. 1990. Major features of sundadonty and sinodonty, including suggestions about East Asian microevolution, population history and late Pleistocene relationships with Australian Aboriginals. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 82: 295–317.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
. 1992. The dental bridge between Australia and Asia: following Macintosh into the East Asian hearth of humanity. Perspectives in Human Biology 2: 143–152.Google Scholar
, and 2003. Ancestry and kinships of native Siberian populations: the HLA evidence. Evolutionary Anthropology 12: 231–245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , et al. 2001. The phylogeography of Y-chromosome binary haplotypes and the origins of modern human populations. Annals of Human Genetics 65: 43–62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, and 2003. Kennewick and Luzia: lessons from the European upper Paleolithic. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 121: 181–184.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
1973. Facial flatness measurements of the Ainu and Japanese crania. Bulletin of National Science Museum 16: 161–171.Google Scholar
- 12
- Cited by