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Chapter 35 - Renal Anatomy and Physiology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 February 2025

By
Michael D. Lazar  and
Ryan Barnette
Edited by
Dharti Patel ,
Sang J. Kim ,
Himani V. Bhatt  and
Alopi M. Patel
Dharti Patel
Affiliation:
Mount Sinai West and Morningside Hospitals, New York
Sang J. Kim
Affiliation:
Hospital for Special Surgery, New York
Himani V. Bhatt
Affiliation:
Mount Sinai West and Morningside Hospitals, New York
Alopi M. Patel
Affiliation:
Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Jersey
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Summary

Renal function plays a key role in the body homeostasis as well as perioperative management of fluids. This chapter discusses the renal system anatomy and physiology as well as various metabolic disturbances of electrolytes including potassium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium.

Keywords

renal systemkidneysurinary systemhomeostasiselectrolyte balancepotassiumcalciumsodiummagnesium
Type
Chapter
Information
BASIC Essentials
A Comprehensive Review for the Anesthesiology BASIC Exam
 , pp. 190 - 196
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2025

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References

Neligan, PJ. Monitoring and managing perioperative electrolyte abnormalities, acid–base disorders, and fluid replacement. In Longnecker, DE, Brown, DL, Newman, MF, Zapol, WM, editors. Anesthesiology, 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill, 2012; chapter 35.Google Scholar
Liamis, G, Filippatos, TD, Elisaf, MS. Evaluation and treatment of hypernatremia: a practical guide for physicians. Postgrad Med 2016;128(3): 299–306.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wee, T, Goldberg, M, Gulati, A, Schleyer, A. Hypokalemia. 2010, September 15. Available at: https://eresources.library.mssm.edu:2073/#!/content/medical_topic/21-s2.0-1014738Google Scholar
Hyperkalemia. OpenAnesthesia. Last updated April 3, 2023. Available at: www.openanesthesia.org/keywords/hyperkalemia/Google Scholar
Regmi, S, Silva, P, Pollak, E, Lash, R. Hypocalcemia. 2012. Available at: https://eresources.library.mssm.edu:2073/#!/content/medical_topic/21-s2.0-1014736Google Scholar
SIADH electrolytes. OpenAnesthesia. (n.d.). Retrieved March 7, 2017, from https://selfstudyplus.openanesthesia.org/kw/entry/14051Google Scholar
Diabetes insipidus intracranial surgery. OpenAnesthesia. (n.d.). Retrieved March 7, 2017, from https://selfstudyplus.openanesthesia.org/kw/entry/13547Google Scholar
Hemodialysis effects. OpenAnesthesia. (n.d.). Retrieved March 7, 2017, from https://selfstudyplus.openanesthesia.org/kw/entry/14051Google Scholar
Metabolic acidosis: etiology. OpenAnesthesia. (n.d.). Retrieved March 5, 2017, from https://selfstudyplus.openanesthesia.org/kw/entry/-KJIGu7f9QcFZFfOJ-A7Google Scholar

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