Book contents
- Autoimmune Encephalitis and Related Disorders of the Nervous System
- Autoimmune Encephalitis and Related Disorders of the Nervous System
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Clinical Vignettes
- Videos
- Preface
- Abbreviations
- Section 1 Overview
- Section 2 Antibodies and Antigens
- Section 3 Specific Syndromes and Diseases
- Section 4 Autoimmunity in Neurological and Psychiatric Diseases
- Chapter 19 Autoimmune Psychosis
- Chapter 20 Psychiatric Manifestations of Autoimmune Encephalitis
- Chapter 21 Abnormal Movements in Neurological Autoimmune Disorders
- Chapter 22 Sleep and Autoimmunity
- Chapter 23 Immunity, Inflammation, and Epilepsy
- Chapter 24 Autoimmune Dementia: A Useful Term?
- Chapter 25 Frequently Asked Questions on Autoimmune Encephalitis and Related Disorders
- Index
- References
Chapter 21 - Abnormal Movements in Neurological Autoimmune Disorders
from Section 4 - Autoimmunity in Neurological and Psychiatric Diseases
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 27 January 2022
- Autoimmune Encephalitis and Related Disorders of the Nervous System
- Autoimmune Encephalitis and Related Disorders of the Nervous System
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Clinical Vignettes
- Videos
- Preface
- Abbreviations
- Section 1 Overview
- Section 2 Antibodies and Antigens
- Section 3 Specific Syndromes and Diseases
- Section 4 Autoimmunity in Neurological and Psychiatric Diseases
- Chapter 19 Autoimmune Psychosis
- Chapter 20 Psychiatric Manifestations of Autoimmune Encephalitis
- Chapter 21 Abnormal Movements in Neurological Autoimmune Disorders
- Chapter 22 Sleep and Autoimmunity
- Chapter 23 Immunity, Inflammation, and Epilepsy
- Chapter 24 Autoimmune Dementia: A Useful Term?
- Chapter 25 Frequently Asked Questions on Autoimmune Encephalitis and Related Disorders
- Index
- References
Summary
In this chapter we describe different types of movement disorders that associate with autoimmune encephalitis, and the antibodies more frequently involved. In children the most common disorders are Sydenham chorea and anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Abnormal movements occur in ~80% of patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis and include multiple different types such as chorea, oromandibular dystonia, stereotypies, opistotonus, catatonia, or myorhythmia. Children who develop anti-NMDAR encephalitis as a complication of previous herpes simplex viral encephalitis present prominent generalized chorea or choreoathetosis. In adults the most frequent autoimmune neurological disease that associates with movement disorders is anti-IgLON5 disease. More than 80% of patients this disease develop at least one type of movement disorder; gait instability or ataxia associated with craniofacial dyskinesias or generalized chorea are the most common combination of movement disorders. Hyperekplexia is a major manifestation of progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM), which is usually associated with glycine receptor antibodies; some patients with similar symptoms have DPPX antibodies. Autoimmune chorea in adults may also be a paraneoplastic manifestation of small-cell lung cancer and CRMP5 antibodies. The most common paroxysmal abnormal movement of autoimmune origin is faciobrachial dystonic seizures associated with LGI1 antibodies. Patients with anti-CASPR2 encephalitis may have paroxysmal episodes of cerebellar ataxia that precede the encephalitis. Anti-CASPR2 encephalitis can also cause orthostatic myoclonus.
Keywords
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2022