Cytotoxic Granules House Potent Proapoptotic Toxins Critical for Antiviral Responses and Immune Homeostasis

doi:10.1017/CBO9780511976094.010

10 - Cytotoxic Granules House Potent Proapoptotic Toxins Critical for Antiviral Responses and Immune Homeostasis

from Part I - General Principles of Cell Death

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 September 2011

Douglas R. Green

Katherine Baran ,

Ilia Voskoboinik ,

Nigel J. Waterhouse ,

Vivien R. Sutton and

Joseph A. Trapani

Edited by

John C. Reed

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Douglas R. Green: Affiliation:
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
Katherine Baran: Affiliation:
Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre
Ilia Voskoboinik: Affiliation:
Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre
Nigel J. Waterhouse: Affiliation:
University of Queensland
Vivien R. Sutton: Affiliation:
Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre
Joseph A. Trapani: Affiliation:
Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre
John C. Reed: Affiliation:
Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California

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Summary

General Introduction

Cytotoxic lymphocytes and apoptosis

The immune system of high-order organisms is a highly specialized compartment that eliminates transformed cells and cells infected with viruses or bacteria through a controlled process of cell-mediated cytotoxicity. The immune cells responsible for mediating cell death are collectively called cytotoxic lymphocytes (CLs) and are made up of natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). CLs are distinguished primarily by their respective mechanism of antigen recognition. NK cells form part of the innate immune response, a generalized first line of defense. NK cells are generally CD3–CD56+ lymphocytes that recognize and respond to abnormal cells through an imbalance of facilitatory and inhibitory receptors (Bottino et al., 2004;Moretta et al., 2004). CTLs formpart of the adaptive immune response, a more specific response that is generated subsequent to and as a consequence of the innate response. These cells use their clonotypic T-cell receptors (TcRs) to recognize a peptide antigen presented on the major histocompatability complex (MHC) proteins on the surface of the target cell. CTLs can be identified on the basis of expression of CD3 and CD8 (CD3+CD8+) on their cell surface. In addition, some CD4+ T cells (typically T-helper cells) can have limited cytotoxic capacity

Type: Chapter
Information: Apoptosis
Physiology and Pathology
, pp. 106 - 122

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511976094.010 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2011

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