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35 - Pharmacogenetics in Alzheimer’s Disease Drug Discovery and Personalized Treatment

from Section 4 - Imaging and Biomarker Development in Alzheimer’s Disease Drug Discovery

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 March 2022

By
Ramon Cacabelos
Edited by
Jeffrey Cummings ,
Jefferson Kinney  and
Howard Fillit
Jeffrey Cummings
Affiliation:
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Jefferson Kinney
Affiliation:
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Howard Fillit
Affiliation:
Alzheimer’s Drug Discovery Foundation
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Summary

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a priority health problem devoid of curative treatment. The medication currently available includes acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs)(donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, huperzine) and memantine. Only one new drug has been approved by the FDA in the last 17 years, so a shift in the paradigm of finding new treatments seems imperative. This involves a better understanding of AD pathogenesis, identifying predictive biomarkers, and customizing treatments. The implementation of pharmacogenomic procedures is an efficient option to optimize the scarce resources available and to accelerate the discovery of new treatments. The pharmacogenomic machinery is composed of pathogenic, mechanistic, metabolic, transporter and pleiotropic genes, under strict regulatory control of epigenetic mechanisms. Since dementia patients suffer from other concomitant diseases and receive up to 10 or more different medications, pharmacogenetics predicts therapeutic response, reduce drug interactions, and limit the adverse effects of anti-dementia drugs.

Keywords

Alzheimer’s diseaseAcetylcholinesterase inhibitorsAPOECYPsDonepezilGalantamineHuperzineRivastigminePharmacogenomicsTransporters.
Type
Chapter
Information
Alzheimer's Disease Drug Development
Research and Development Ecosystem
 , pp. 404 - 417
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

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References

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