Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T12:20:11.803Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

References

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 May 2021

Alan Rubel
Affiliation:
University of Wisconsin, Madison
Clinton Castro
Affiliation:
Florida International University
Adam Pham
Affiliation:
California Institute of Technology

Summary

Type
Chapter
Information
Algorithms and Autonomy
The Ethics of Automated Decision Systems
, pp. 189 - 203
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This content is Open Access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/cclicenses/

References

91st United States Congress. An Act to amend the Federal Deposit Insurance Act to require insured banks to maintain certain records, to require that certain transactions in U.S. currency be reported to the Department of the Treasury, and for other purposes., 15 U.S.C. § 1681 (1970).Google Scholar
104th United States Congress. An Act to promote competition and reduce regulation in order to secure lower prices and higher quality services for telecommunications consumers and encourage the rapid deployment of new telecommunications technologies., 47 U.S.C. section 230 (1996).Google Scholar
AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety. “Aggressive Driving | AAA Exchange.” Accessed May 12, 2020. https://exchange.aaa.com/safety/driving-advice/aggressive-driving/.Google Scholar
Abrams, Rachel. “Target to Pay $18.5 Million to 47 States in Security Breach Settlement.” The New York Times, May 23, 2017. www.nytimes.com/2017/05/23/business/target-security-breach-settlement.html.Google Scholar
Ahlstrom-Vij, Kristoffer. Epistemic Paternalism: A Defence. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.Google Scholar
Alfano, Mark J., Carter, Adam, and Cheong, Marc. “Technological Seduction and Self-Radicalization.” Journal of the American Philosophical Association 4, no. 3 (2018): 298322.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Algorithmic Accountability Act of 2019, H.R. 2231 § 116th Congress (2019–2020) (2019).Google Scholar
Algorithmic Accountability Act of 2019, S. 1108 § 116th Congress (2019–2020) (2019).Google Scholar
American Statistical Association, “ASA Statement on Using Value-Added Models for Educational Assessment,” April 8, 2014. www.amstat.org/asa/files/pdfs/POL-ASAVAM-Statement.pdf.Google Scholar
Amrein-Beardsley, Audrey. “Evidence of Grade and Subject-Level Bias in Value-Added Measures: Article Published in TCR.” VAMboozled! (blog), 2015. http://vamboozled.com/evidence-of-grade-and-subject-level-bias-in-value-added-measures-article-published-in-tcr/.Google Scholar
Amrein-Beardsley, Audrey Rethinking Value-Added Models in Education. 1st ed. New York: Routledge, 2014.Google Scholar
Anderson, Elizabeth. Private Government: How Employers Rule Our Lives. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2017.Google Scholar
Angwin, Julia, Larson, Jeff, Mattu, Surya, and Kirchner, Lauren. “Machine Bias.” ProPublica, May 23, 2016. www.propublica.org/article/machine-bias-risk-assessments-in-criminal-sentencing.Google Scholar
Angwin, Julia, Varner, Madeleine, and Tobin, Ariana. “Facebook Enabled Advertisers to Reach ‘Jew Haters.’” ProPublica, September 14, 2017. www.propublica.org/article/facebook-enabled-advertisers-to-reach-jew-haters.Google Scholar
Appiah, Kwame Anthony. “The Case for Capitalizing the ‘B’ in Black.” The Atlantic, June 18, 2020. www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/06/time-to-capitalize-blackand-white/613159/.Google Scholar
Arthur, Charles. “Facebook Forces Instagram Users to Allow It to Sell Their Uploaded Photos.” The Guardian, December 18, 2012. www.theguardian.com/technology/2012/dec/18/facebook-instagram-sell-uploaded-photos.Google Scholar
Aslund, Anders. Russia’s Crony Capitalism: The Path from Market Economy to Kleptocracy. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2019.Google Scholar
Association for Computing Machinery, US Public Policy Council. “Statement on Algorithmic Transparency and Accountability.” January 12, 2017. www.acm.org/binaries/content/assets/public-policy/2017_usacm_statement_algorithms.pdf.Google Scholar
Baier, Annette. Postures of the Mind: Essays on Mind and Morals. Minnesota Archive Edition. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1985.Google Scholar
Baker, Peter. “What Happens to Men Who Can’t Have Sex.” Elle, February 29, 2016. www.elle.com/life-love/sex-relationships/a33782/involuntary-celibacy/.Google Scholar
Bakos, Yannis, Marotta-Wurgler, Florencia, and Trossen, David R.. “Does Anyone Read the Fine Print? Consumer Attention to Standard-Form Contracts.” The Journal of Legal Studies 43, no. 1 (2014): 135. https://doi.org/10.1086/674424.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnhill, Anne. “What Is Manipulation?” In Manipulation: Theory and Practice, edited by Coons, Christian and Weber, Michael, 5172. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barocas, Solon and Selbst, Andrew D.. “Big Data’s Disparate Impact.” California Law Review 104, no. 3 (June 2016): 671732.Google Scholar
Baron, Marcia. “The Mens Rea and Moral Status of Manipulation.” In Manipulation: Theory and Practice, edited by Coons, Christian and Weber, Michael, 98120. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2014.Google Scholar
BBC News. “Russian Businessman Buys Chelsea.” July 2, 2003. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/3036838.stm.Google Scholar
BBC News “S Korean Dies after Games Session.” August 10, 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/4137782.stm.Google Scholar
Beauchamp, Zack. “Incels: A Definition and Investigation into a Dark Internet Corner.” Vox, April 23, 2019. www.vox.com/the-highlight/2019/4/16/18287446/incel-definition-reddit.Google Scholar
Belgian Gaming Commission. “Loot Boxes in Three Video Games in Violation of Gambling Legislation,” 2018. www.koengeens.be/news/2018/04/25/loot-boxen-in-drie-videogames-in-strijd-met-kansspelwetgeving.Google Scholar
Benoliel, Uri and Becher, Samuel. “The Duty to Read the Unreadable.Boston College Law Review 60, no. 8 (January 1, 2019): 22552296.Google Scholar
Benson, Paul. “Taking Ownership: Authority and Voice in Autonomous Agency.” In Autonomy and the Challenges to Liberalism: New Essays, edited by Anderson, Joel and Christman, John, 101126. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Berlin, Isaiah. “Two Concepts of Liberty.” In Liberty: Incorporating Four Essays on Liberty, edited by Hardy, Henry, 2nd ed., 166217. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Binns, Reuben. “Algorithmic Accountability and Public Reason.” Philosophy & Technology 31, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 543556.Google Scholar
Binns, ReubenFairness in Machine Learning: Lessons from Political Philosophy.” Proceedings of Machine Learning Research 81 (2018): 149159.Google Scholar
Bond-Graham, Darwin. “All Tomorrow’s Crimes: The Future of Policing Looks a Lot like Good Branding.” SF Weekly, October 30, 2013. www.sfweekly.com/news/all-tomorrows-crimes-the-future-of-policing-looks-a-lot-like-good-branding/.Google Scholar
Bostrom, Nick. Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies. Reprint. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2016.Google Scholar
Bratman, Michael. Intention, Plans, and Practical Reason. New edition. Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999.Google Scholar
Brennan, Tim, Dieterich, William, and Ehret, Beate. “Evaluating the Predictive Validity of the COMPAS Risk and Needs Assessment System.Criminal Justice and Behavior 36, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 2140.Google Scholar
Brighouse, Harry. School Choice and Social Justice. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.Google Scholar
Buss, Sarah and Westlund, Andrea. “Personal Autonomy.” In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, edited by Zalta, Edward N.. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2018.Google Scholar
Butt, Daniel. Rectifying International Injustice: Principles of Compensation and Restitution between Nations. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.Google Scholar
Cadwalladr, Carole and Graham-Harrison, Emma. “Revealed: 50 Million Facebook Profiles Harvested for Cambridge Analytica in Major Data Breach.” The Guardian, March 17, 2018. www.theguardian.com/news/2018/mar/17/cambridge-analytica-facebook-influence-us-election.Google Scholar
Caldwell, Leigh Ann and Moe, Alex. “Republican Justin Amash Stands by Position to Start Impeachment Proceedings.” NBC News, May 28, 2019. www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/republican-justin-amash-stands-position-start-impeachment-proceedings-despite-criticism-n1011176.Google Scholar
Calo, Ryan and Rosenblat, Alex. “The Taking Economy: Uber, Information, and Power.” Columbia Law Review 117, no. 6 (March 9, 2017): 16231690.Google Scholar
Campolo, Alex, Sanfilippo, Madelyn, Whittaker, Meredith, and Crawford, Kate. “AI Now 2017 Report.” New York: AI Now Institute, 2017. https://ainowinstitute.org/AI_Now_2017_Report.pdf.Google Scholar
Castro, Clinton. “Just Machines,” n.d.Google Scholar
Castro, Clinton and Pham, Adam. “Is the Attention Economy Noxious?Philosophers’ Imprint 20, no. 17 (2020): 113.Google Scholar
Cegłowski, Maciej. “The Moral Economy of Tech.” Presented at the Moral Economies, Economic Moralities, Society for the Advancement of Socio-Economics, Berkeley, CA, June 24, 2016. https://sase.org/event/2016-berkeley/.Google Scholar
Chiou, Lesley and Tucker, Catherine. “Fake News and Advertising on Social Media: A Study of the Anti-Vaccination Movement.” Working Paper, National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2018. www.nber.org/papers/w25223.pdf.Google Scholar
Christman, John. “Saving Positive Freedom.” Political Theory 33, no. 1 (2005): 7988.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christman, John The Politics of Persons: Individual Autonomy and Socio-Historical Selves. Reissue edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.Google Scholar
Citron, Danielle Keats. “Technological Due Process.” Washington University Law Review 85, no. 6 (2008): 12491314.Google Scholar
Citron, Danielle and Pasquale, Frank. “The Scored Society: Due Process for Automated Predictions.” Washington Law Review 89, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 133.Google Scholar
Clark, Liat. “Uber Denies Researchers’ ‘Phantom Cars’ Map Claim.” Wired UK, July 28, 2015. www.wired.co.uk/article/uber-cars-always-in-real-time.Google Scholar
Cochran, Donald. “Shut Down the Subreddit r/Incels.” Change.org. Accessed July 7, 2020. www.change.org/p/reddit-com-shut-down-the-subreddit-r-incels.Google Scholar
Coeckelbergh, Mark and Wackers, Ger. “Imagination, Distributed Responsibility and Vulnerable Technological Systems: The Case of Snorre A.” Science & Engineering Ethics 13, no. 2 (June 2007): 235248.Google Scholar
Cohen, G. A.Freedom and Money.” In On the Currency of Egalitarian Justice, and Other Essays in Political Philosophy, edited by Cohen, G. A., 166200. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2011.Google Scholar
Confessore, Nicholas. “Cambridge Analytica and Facebook: The Scandal and the Fallout so Far.” The New York Times, April 4, 2018. www.nytimes.com/2018/04/04/us/politics/cambridge-analytica-scandal-fallout.html.Google Scholar
Connecticut Fair Hous. Ctr. v. Corelogic Rental Prop. Sols., LLC, 369 F. Supp. 3d 362 (D. Conn. 2020).Google Scholar
Corbett-Davies, Sam and Goel, Sharad. “The Measure and Mismeasure of Fairness: A Critical Review of Fair Machine Learning.” ArXiv:1808.00023 [Cs], July 31, 2018. http://arxiv.org/abs/1808.00023.Google Scholar
Corbett-Davies, Sam, Pierson, Emma, Feller, Avi, Goel, Sharad, and Huq, Aziz. “Algorithmic Decision Making and the Cost of Fairness.” KDD ’17: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, June 9, 2017, 797806.Google Scholar
Cramb, Auslan. “Scotland’s Most Expensive Sporting Estate Bought by Russian Vodka Billionaire.” The Telegraph, March 30, 2017.Google Scholar
Danaher, John. “The Threat of Algocracy: Reality, Resistance and Accommodation.” Philosophy & Technology 29, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 245268.Google Scholar
Danaher, JohnToward an Ethics of AI Assistants: An Initial Framework.” Philosophy & Technology 31, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 629653. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-018–0317-3.Google Scholar
Danaher, John “Freedom in an Age of Algocracy.” In Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Technology, edited by Shannon Vallor Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Technology. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, forthcoming.Google Scholar
Davidson, Donald. Essays on Actions and Events. 2nd ed. Oxford: New York: Clarendon Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Davies, Harry. “Ted Cruz Campaign Using Firm That Harvested Data on Millions of Unwitting Facebook Users.” The Guardian, December 11, 2015. www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/dec/11/senator-ted-cruz-president-campaign-facebook-user-data.Google Scholar
DeepMind. “About DeepMind.” Accessed July 15, 2020. https://deepmind.com/about.Google Scholar
DeMichele, Matthew, Baumgartner, Peter, Wenger, Michael, Barrick, Kelle, Comfort, Megan, and Misra, Shilpi. “The Public Safety Assessment: A Re-Validation and Assessment of Predictive Utility and Differential Prediction by Race and Gender in Kentucky.” SSRN Electronic Journal, January 1, 2018. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3168452.Google Scholar
Dennett, Daniel C.When Hal Kills, Who’s to Blame? Computer Ethics.” In Hal’s Legacy: 2001’s Computer as Dream and Reality, edited by Stork, D., 351365. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Detrow, Scott. “What Did Cambridge Analytica Do During the 2016 Election?” NPR. Accessed June 17, 2020. www.npr.org/2018/03/20/595338116/what-did-cambridge-analytica-do-during-the-2016-election.Google Scholar
Dieterich, William, Mendoza, Christina, and Brennan, Tim. “COMPAS Risk Scales: Demonstrating Accuracy Equity and Predictive Parity.” Performance of the COMPAS Risk Scales in Broward County. Northpointe Inc. Research Department, July 8, 2016.Google Scholar
DiResta, Renee, Shaffer, Kris, Ruppel, Becky, Sullivan, David, Matney, Robert, Fox, Ryan, Albright, Jonathan, and Johnson, Ben. “The Tactics & Tropes of the Internet Research Agency.” U.S. Senate Documents, October 1, 2019.Google Scholar
Duff, R. A. “Responsibility.” Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 1998. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780415249126-L085-1.Google Scholar
Duhigg, Charles. “How Companies Learn Your Secrets.” The New York Times Magazine, February 16, 2012. www.nytimes.com/2012/02/19/magazine/shopping-habits.html.Google Scholar
Dworkin, Gerald. “Paternalism.” In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, edited by Zalta, Edward N., Summer 2020. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, 2020.Google Scholar
Dworkin, Gerald The Theory and Practice of Autonomy. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Edwards, Ezekiel. “Predictive Policing Software Is More Accurate at Predicting Policing than Predicting Crime.” American Civil Liberties Union (blog). Accessed July 8, 2020. www.aclu.org/blog/criminal-law-reform/reforming-police/predictive-policing-software-more-accurate-predicting.Google Scholar
Elish, Madeleine Clare. “Moral Crumple Zones: Cautionary Tales in Human-Robot Interaction.” Engaging Science, Technology, and Society 5 (March 23, 2019): 4060.Google Scholar
Enoch, David. “Authority and Reason-Giving.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 89, no. 2 (2014): 296332.Google Scholar
Estlund, David M. Democratic Authority: A Philosophical Framework. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2008.Google Scholar
Eubanks, Virginia. Automating Inequality: How High-Tech Tools Profile, Police, and Punish the Poor. New York, NY: St. Martin’s Press, 2018.Google Scholar
European Union. Directive 2000/31/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 June 2000 on certain legal aspects of information society services, in particular electronic commerce, in the Internal Market (Directive on electronic commerce), 2000 O.J. (L 178) 1 § (2000).Google Scholar
European Union Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation), 2016 O.J. (L 119) 1 § (2016).Google Scholar
Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. Edited by Hoover, Ryan. 1st ed. New York, NY: Portfolio, 2014.Google Scholar
Facebook. “Community Standards Enforcement,” May 2018. https://transparency.facebook.com/communitystandards-enforcement.Google Scholar
Feinberg, Joel. “Autonomy.” In The Inner Citadel: Essays on Individual Autonomy, edited by Christman, John. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Feinberg, Joel Harm to Self: The Moral Limits of the Criminal Law. Reprint. Vol. 3. New York: Oxford University Press USA, 1989.Google Scholar
Ferguson, Andrew Guthrie. The Rise of Big Data Policing: Surveillance, Race, and the Future of Law Enforcement. New York: NYU Press, 2017.Google Scholar
Finlay, Steven. Predictive Analytics, Data Mining and Big Data. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.Google Scholar
Fischer, John Martin, and Ravizza, Mark S. J.. Responsibility and Control: A Theory of Moral Responsibility. Cambridge, UK; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Floyd v. City of New York, 959 F. Supp. 2d 540 (S.D.N.Y. 2013).Google Scholar
Fowler, Geoffrey. “What If Facebook Gave Us an Opposing-Viewpoints Button?” The Wall Street Journal, May 18, 2016. www.wsj.com/articles/what-if-facebook-gave-us-an-opposing-viewpoints-button-1463573101.Google Scholar
Fox-Brewster, Tom. “Londoners Give up Eldest Children in Public Wi-Fi Security Horror Show.” The Guardian, September 29, 2014. www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/sep/29/londoners-wi-fi-security-herod-clause.Google Scholar
Frankfurt, Harry G.Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person.” The Journal of Philosophy 68, no. 1 (1971): 520.Google Scholar
Friedman, Marilyn. Autonomy, Gender, Politics. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.Google Scholar
Fry, Hannah. Hello World: Being Human in the Age of Algorithms. 1st ed. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company, 2018.Google Scholar
Gardner v. Florida, 430 U.S. 349 (1977).Google Scholar
Garvie, Jonathan, and Frankle, Clare. “Facial-Recognition Software Might Have a Racial Bias Problem.” The Atlantic, April 7, 2016. www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/04/the-underlying-bias-of-facial-recognition-systems/476991/.Google Scholar
Glasstetter, Josh. “Shooting Suspect Elliot Rodger’s Misogynistic Posts Point to Motive.” Southern Poverty Law Center (blog). Accessed July 7, 2020. www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2014/05/23/shooting-suspect-elliot-rodgers-misogynistic-posts-point-motive.Google Scholar
Goldman, Alvin I. Theory of Human Action. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1977.Google Scholar
Goode, Erica. “Sending the Police Before There’s a Crime.” The New York Times, August 15, 2011. www.nytimes.com/2011/08/16/us/16police.html.Google Scholar
Goodin, Robert E.Apportioning Responsibilities.” Law & Philosophy 6 (August 1987): 167–185. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00145427.Google Scholar
Goodin, Robert E.Responsibilities.” Philosophical Quarterly 36, no. 142 (January 1986): 5056.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gorin, Moti. “Do Manipulators Always Threaten Rationality?American Philosophical Quarterly 51, no. 1 (2014): 5161.Google Scholar
Grant, David, Behrends, Jeff, and Basl, John, “What We Owe to Decision Subjects: Beyond Transparency and Explanation in Automated Decision-Making,” (manuscript under review), n.d.Google Scholar
Grossman, Lev, Thompson, Mark, Kluger, Jeffrey, Park, Alice, Walsh, Bryan, Suddath, Claire, Dodds, Eric, et al. “The 50 Best Inventions.” Time, November 28, 2011.Google Scholar
Staff, Guardian. “Sistema Boss Arrested in Russia on Money-Laundering Charges.” The Guardian, September 17, 2014. www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/17/sistema-russia-money-laundering-charges.Google Scholar
Gutmann, Amy. Democratic Education. Revised. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999.Google Scholar
Hakim, Danny and Rosenberg, Matthew. “Data Firm Tied to Trump Campaign Talked Business with Russians.” The New York Times, March 17, 2018. www.nytimes.com/2018/03/17/us/politics/cambridge-analytica-russia.html.Google Scholar
Hamburger, Tom. “Cruz Campaign Credits Psychological Data and Analytics for Its Rising Success.” Washington Post, December 13, 2015. www.washingtonpost.com/politics/cruz-campaign-credits-psychological-data-and-analytics-for-its-rising-success/2015/12/13/4cb0baf8-9dc5-11e5-bce4-708fe33e3288_story.html.Google Scholar
Harford, Tim. “Big Data: Are We Making a Big Mistake?” Financial Times US, March 28, 2014. www.ft.com/content/21a6e7d8-b479-11e3-a09a-00144feabdc0.Google Scholar
Hart, H. L. A. Punishment and Responsibility; Essays in the Philosophy of Law. New York: Oxford University Press, 1968.Google Scholar
Hayek, F. A. The Constitution of Liberty. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1978.Google Scholar
Herington, Jonathan. “Measuring Fairness in an Unfair World.” In Proceedings of the AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society, 286–292. AIES ’20. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery, 2020.Google Scholar
Hern, Alex. “I Read All the Small Print on the Internet and It Made Me Want to Die.” The Guardian, June 15, 2015. www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jun/15/i-read-all-the-small-print-on-the-internet.Google Scholar
Hieronymi, Pamela. “Two Kinds of Agency.” In Mental Actions, edited by O’Brien, Lucy and Soteriou, Matthew. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.Google Scholar
Jr. Hill, Thomas. “Autonomy and Benevolent Lies.” The Journal of Value Inquiry 18, no. 4 (December 1, 1984): 251267.Google Scholar
Jr. Hill, ThomasThe Kantian Conception of Autonomy.” In The Inner Citidel: Essays on Individual Autonomy, edited by Christman, John, 91105. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Hoff, Sam. “Professor Helps Develop Predictive Policing by Using Trends to Predict, Prevent Crimes.” The Daily Bruin, April 26, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20191216105955/https://dailybruin.com/2013/04/26/professor-helps-develop-predictive-policing-by-using-trends-to-predict-prevent-crimes/.Google Scholar
Holloway, Jessica. “Evidence of Grade and Subject-Level Bias in Value-Added Measures.” Teachers College Record, July 8, 2015. www.tcrecord.org/Content.asp?ContentID=17987.Google Scholar
Hooker, Brad. “Fairness.” Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 8, no. 4 (2005): 329352.Google Scholar
Houston Fed of Teachers, Local 2415 v. Houston Ind Sch Dist, 251 F. Supp. 3d 1168 (S.D. Tex. 2017).Google Scholar
Houston Independent School District. “EVAAS/Value-Added Frequently Asked Questions,” 2015. http://static.battelleforkids.org/documents/HISD/EVAAS-Value-Added-FAQs-Final-2015–02-02.pdf.Google Scholar
Howard, Philip N., Kollanyi, Bence, Bradshaw, Samantha, and Neudert, Lisa-Maria. “Social Media, News and Political Information during the US Election: Was Polarizing Content Concentrated in Swing States?Oxford Internet Institute, Project on Computational Propaganda, 2017.Google Scholar
Hunt, Priscilla, Saunders, Jessica, and Hollywood, John. “Evaluation of the Shreveport Predictive Policing Experiment.” Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2014. www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR531.html.Google Scholar
Hussain, Azhar, Ali, Syed, Ahmed, Madiha, and Hussain, Sheharyar. “The Anti-Vaccination Movement: A Regression in Modern Medicine.” Cureus 10, no. 7 (July 3, 2018): e2919.Google Scholar
Ideastream. “Grading the Teachers: Teachers in Richer Schools Score Higher on Value-Added Measure,” June 18, 2013. www.ideastream.org/stateimpact/2013/06/18/grading-the-teachers-teachers-in-richer-schools-score-higher-on-value-added-measure.Google Scholar
Illinois v. Wardlow, 528 U.S. 119 (2000).Google Scholar
Isenberg, Eric, and Hock, Heinrich. “Measuring School and Teacher Value Added in DC, 2011–2012 School Year.” Mathematica Policy Research, Inc, August 31, 2012. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED565712.Google Scholar
Janik, Rachel. “‘I Laugh at the Death of Normies’: How Incels Are Celebrating the Toronto Mass Killing.” Southern Poverty Law Center (blog), 2018. www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2018/04/24/i-laugh-death-normies-how-incels-are-celebrating-toronto-mass-killing.Google Scholar
Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence. “Ethical Guidelines,” 2017. http://ai-elsi.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/JSAI-Ethical-Guidelines-1.pdf.Google Scholar
Jennings, Rebecca. “Incels Categorize Women by Personal Style and Attractiveness.” Vox, April 28, 2018. www.vox.com/2018/4/28/17290256/incel-chad-stacy-becky.Google Scholar
Johnson, Deborah G., and Verdicchio, Mario. “Reframing AI Discourse.” Minds and Machines 27, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 575590.Google Scholar
Joy, Kevin. “What’s Causing the 2019 Current Measles Outbreak?” Michigan Health Lab, 2019. https://healthblog.uofmhealth.org/whats-causing-2019-measles-outbreak-symptoms-perfcon.Google Scholar
Jungen, Anne. “Vang Gets 10 Years in Prison for Drive-by Shooting.” La Crosse Tribune. October 23, 2013.Google Scholar
Kagan, Shelly. “The Additive Fallacy.” Ethics 99, no. 1 (October 1, 1988): 531.Google Scholar
Kahneman, Daniel, Knetsch, Jack L., and Thaler, Richard H.. “Experimental Tests of the Endowment Effect and the Coase Theorem.” Journal of Political Economy 98, no. 6 (1990): 13251348.Google Scholar
Kaiser, Brittany. Targeted: The Cambridge Analytica Whistleblower’s Inside Story of How Big Data, Trump, and Facebook Broke Democracy and How It Can Happen Again. Harper, 2019.Google Scholar
Kaiser, Jonas, and Rauchfleisch, Adrian. “Unite the Right? How YouTube’s Recommendation Algorithm Connects the U.S. Far-Right.” Medium (blog), April 11, 2018. https://medium.com/@MediaManipulation/unite-the-right-how-youtubes-recommendation-algorithm-connects-the-u-s-far-right-9f1387ccfabd.Google Scholar
Kaminski, Margot E.The Right to Explanation, Explained.” Berkeley Technology Law Journal 34, no. 189 (2019).Google Scholar
Kang, Cecilia, and Frenkel, Sheera. “Facebook Says Cambridge Analytica Harvested Data of up to 87 Million Users.” The New York Times, April 4, 2018. www.nytimes.com/2018/04/04/technology/mark-zuckerberg-testify-congress.html.Google Scholar
Kant, Immanuel. Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. Translated by H. J. Paton. New York, NY: HarpPeren, 1964.Google Scholar
Kar, Robin Bradley, and Radin, Margaret Jane. “Pseudo-Contract & Shared Meaning Analysis.” Harvard Law Review 132, no. 4 (2019): 11351219.Google Scholar
Keller, Daphne. “The Right Tools: Europe’s Intermediary Liability Laws and the EU 2016 General Data Protection Regulation.” Berkeley Technology Law Journal 33, no. 1 (2018): 287.Google Scholar
Keller, Evelyn Fox. Reflections on Gender and Science. Anniversary edition. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Kelly, Thomas. “Epistemic Rationality as Instrumental Rationality: A Critique.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 66, no. 3 (2003): 612640.Google Scholar
Kirchner, Lauren, and Goldstein, Matthew. “Access Denied: Faulty Automated Background Checks Freeze Out Renters,” May 28, 2020. https://themarkup.org/locked-out/2020/05/28/access-denied-faulty-automated-background-checks-freeze-out-renters.Google Scholar
Kitchin, Rob. “Big Data, New Epistemologies and Paradigm Shifts.” Big Data & Society 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 112.Google Scholar
Korsgaard, Christine M., Cohen, G. A., Geuss, Raymond, Nagel, Thomas, and Williams, Bernard. The Sources of Normativity. Edited by Onora O’Neill. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Kumar, Rahul. “Defending the Moral Moderate: Contractualism and Common Sense.” Philosophy & Public Affairs 28, no. 4 (1999): 275309.Google Scholar
Kumar, RahulReasonable Reasons in Contractualist Moral Argument.” Ethics 114, no. 1 (2003): 637.Google Scholar
Kutz, Christopher. “Responsibility.” In Oxford Handbook of Jurisprudence and Philosophy of Law, edited by Coleman, Jules, Shapiro, Scott, and Himma, Kenneth Einar, 548587. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.Google Scholar
Lanier, Jaron. Ten Arguments for Deleting Your Social Media Accounts Right Now. New York: Henry Holt and Co., 2018.Google Scholar
Lanzing, Marjolein. “‘Strongly Recommended’ Revisiting Decisional Privacy to Judge Hypernudging in Self-Tracking Technologies.” Philosophy & Technology 32, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 549568.Google Scholar
Lee, Dami. “Duolingo Redesigned Its Owl to Guilt-Trip You Even Harder.” The Verge, December 13, 2018. www.theverge.com/2018/12/13/18137843/duolingo-owl-redesign-language-learning-app.Google Scholar
Levin, Sam, and Wong, Julia Carrie. “Self-Driving Uber Kills Arizona Woman in First Fatal Crash Involving Pedestrian.” The Guardian, March 19, 2018. www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/mar/19/uber-self-driving-car-kills-woman-arizona-tempe.Google Scholar
Lewis, Paul. “‘Fiction Is Outperforming Reality’: How YouTube’s Algorithm Distorts Truth.” The Guardian, 2018. www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/feb/02/how-youtubes-algorithm-distorts-truth.Google Scholar
Lin, Zi. New Perspectives on the Moral Significance of Coercion, Manipulation, and Bodily Violence. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2019.Google Scholar
MacCallum, Gerald C.Negative and Positive Freedom.” The Philosophical Review 76, no. 3 (1967): 312334.Google Scholar
Mackenzie, Catriona. “Relational Autonomy, Normative Authority and Perfectionism.” Journal of Social Philosophy 39, no. 4 (2008): 512533.Google Scholar
Mackenzie, Catriona, and Stoljar, Natalie, eds. Relational Autonomy: Feminist Perspectives on Autonomy, Agency, and the Social Self. 1st ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Maheshwari, Sapna. “On YouTube Kids, Startling Videos Slip Past Filters.” The New York Times, November 4, 2017. www.nytimes.com/2017/11/04/business/media/youtube-kids-paw-patrol.html.Google Scholar
Marcus, Gary. “Deep Learning: A Critical Appraisal.” ArXiv:1801.00631 [Cs, Stat], January 2, 2018. http://arxiv.org/abs/1801.00631.Google Scholar
Martin, Kirsten E.Ethical Issues in the Big Data Industry.” MIS Quarterly Executive 14, no. 2 (April 25, 2015): 6785.Google Scholar
Mather, Kate, and Winton, Richard. “LAPD Uses Its Helicopters to Stop Crimes Before They Start.” Los Angeles Times, March 7, 2015. www.latimes.com/local/crime/la-me-lapd-helicopter-20150308-story.html.Google Scholar
Matheson, Craig. “Weber and the Classification of Forms of Legitimacy.” The British Journal of Sociology 38, no. 2 (1987): 199215.Google Scholar
Matthias, Andreas. “The Responsibility Gap: Ascribing Responsibility for the Actions of Learning Automata.” Ethics and Information Technology 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2004): 175183.Google Scholar
Matz, Sandra C., Kosinski, Michal, Nave, Gideon, and Stillwell, David J.. “Psychological Targeting as an Effective Approach to Digital Mass Persuasion” 114, no. 48 (2017): 1271412719.Google Scholar
Meijer, Albert, and Wessels, Martijn. “Predictive Policing: Review of Benefits and Drawbacks.” International Journal of Public Administration 42, no. 12 (September 10, 2019): 10311039.Google Scholar
Mendoza, Isak, and Bygrave, Lee. “The Right Not to Be Subject to Automated Decisions Based on Profiling.” In EU Internet Law: Regulation and Enforcement, edited by Tatiani-Eleni Synodinou, Philippe Jougleux, Christiana Markou, and Thalia Prastitou, 7798, 2017.Google Scholar
Meyers, Diana T.Personal Autonomy and the Paradox of Feminine Socialization.” The Journal of Philosophy 84, no. 11 (1987): 619628.Google Scholar
Meyers, Diana T. Self, Society, and Personal Choice. 1st edition. New York: Columbia University Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Mill, John Stuart. On Liberty. Edited by Rapaport, Elizabeth. Indianapolis, IN; Cambridge, UK: Hackett Publishing Company, 1978.Google Scholar
Mittelstadt, Brent Daniel, Allo, Patrick, Taddeo, Mariarosaria, Wachter, Sandra, and Floridi, Luciano. “The Ethics of Algorithms: Mapping the Debate.” Big Data & Society 3, no. 2 (November 1, 2016): 121.Google Scholar
Morganstein, David, and Wasserstein, Ron. “ASA Statement on Value-Added Models.” Statistics and Public Policy 1, no. 1 (December 22, 2014): 108110.Google Scholar
Mosseri, Adam. “Working to Stop Misinformation and False News.” Facebook Newsroom (blog), 2017. https://about.fb.com/news/2017/04/working-to-stop-misinformation-and-false-news/.Google Scholar
National Science and Technology Council. “Preparing for the Future of Artificial Intelligence.” Washington, DC, October 30, 2016.Google Scholar
Nedelsky, Jennifer. “Reconceiving Autonomy: Sources, Thoughts and Possibilities.” Yale Journal of Law and Feminism 1, no. 1 (1989): 736.Google Scholar
Nelson, Ariel. “Broken Records Redux: How Errors by Criminal Background Check Companies Continue to Harm Consumers Seeking Jobs and Housing.” Boston, MA: National Consumer Law Center, December 6, 2019.Google Scholar
Netherlands Gaming Authority. “Study into Loot Boxes: A Treasure or a Burden?” Netherlands Gaming Authority, April 10, 2018. https://kansspelautoriteit.nl/publish/pages/8676/study_into_loot_boxes_-_a_treasure_or_a_burden_-_eng.pdf.Google Scholar
Nguyen, C. Thi. “Echo Chambers and Epistemic Bubbles.” Episteme 17, no. 2 (June 2020): 141161.Google Scholar
Nissenbaum, Helen. “Computing and Accountability.” Communications of the ACM 37, no. 1 (January 2, 1994): 72–80.Google Scholar
Noble, Safiya Umoja. Algorithms of Oppression: How Search Engines Reinforce Racism. New York: New York University Press, 2018.Google Scholar
Northpointe, Inc. “Practitioner’s Guide to COMPAS Core,” March 19, 2015. www.northpointeinc.com/files/technical_documents/Practitioners-Guide-COMPAS-Core-_031915.pdf.Google Scholar
Nyholm, Sven. Humans and Robots: Ethics, Agency, and Anthropomorphism. London; New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2020.Google Scholar
Obermeyer, Ziad, Powers, Brian, Vogeli, Christine, and Mullainathan, Sendhil. “Dissecting Racial Bias in an Algorithm Used to Manage the Health of Populations.” Science 366, no. 6464 (October 25, 2019): 447453.Google Scholar
Olson, Parmy. “Germany Wants Facebook to Pay for Fake News.” Forbes, December 19, 2016. www.forbes.com/sites/parmyolson/2016/12/19/germany-wants-facebook-to-pay-for-fake-news/?sh=1c22d48f2dcc.Google Scholar
O’Neil, Cathy. Weapons of Math Destruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality and Threatens Democracy. 1st ed. New York: Crown, 2016.Google Scholar
OpenAI. “About OpenAI.” Accessed July 15, 2020. https://openai.com/about/.Google Scholar
Oremus, Will, and Carey, Bill. “Facebook’s Offensive Ad Targeting Options Go Far Beyond ‘Jew Haters.’” Slate, September 14, 2017. www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2017/09/14/facebook_let_advertisers_target_jew_haters_it_doesn_t_end_there.html.Google Scholar
Orphanides, K. G. “Children’s YouTube Is Still Churning out Blood, Suicide and Cannibalism.” Wired UK, March 23, 2018. www.wired.co.uk/article/youtube-for-kids-videos-problems-algorithm-recommend.Google Scholar
Oshana, Marina. “Ascriptions of Responsibility.” American Philosophical Quarterly 34, no. 1 (1997): 7183.Google Scholar
Oshana, Marina Personal Autonomy in Society. 1st ed. Aldershot, Hants, England; Burlington, VT: Routledge, 2006.Google Scholar
Parfit, Derek. On What Matters. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.Google Scholar
Pariser, Eli. The Filter Bubble: How the New Personalized Web Is Changing What We Read and How We Think. Reprint edition. New York, NY: Penguin Books, 2012.Google Scholar
Pasquale, Frank. The Black Box Society: The Secret Algorithms That Control Money and Information. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2016.Google Scholar
Peter, Fabienne. Democratic Legitimacy. New York: Routledge, 2008.Google Scholar
Peter, FabienneThe Epistemic Circumstances of Democracy.” In The Epistemic Life of Groups: Essays in the Epistemology of Collectives, edited by Fricker, Miranda and Brady, Michael, 133149. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016.Google Scholar
Peter, FabienneThe Grounds of Political LegitimacyJournal of the American Philosophical Association 6, no. 3 (Fall 2020): 372–390.Google Scholar
Pettit, Philip. “Freedom as Antipower.” Ethics 106, no. 3 (April 1996): 576604.Google Scholar
Pettit, Philip Just Freedom: A Moral Compass for a Complex World. 1st edition. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2014.Google Scholar
Pham, Adam, and Castro, Clinton. “The Moral Limits of the Market: The Case of Consumer Scoring Data.” Ethics and Information Technology 21, no. 2 (March 18, 2019): 117126.Google Scholar
Piper, Mark. “Autonomy: Normative.” In Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Accessed July 8, 2020. www.iep.utm.edu/aut-norm/.Google Scholar
Quick, Kimberly. “The Unfair Effects of IMPACT on Teachers with the Toughest Jobs.” The Century Foundation (blog), October 16, 2015. https://tcf.org/content/commentary/the-unfair-effects-of-impact-on-teachers-with-the-toughest-jobs/.Google Scholar
Rawls, John. A Theory of Justice. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1999.Google Scholar
Rawls, JohnJustice as Fairness: Political Not Metaphysical.” Philosophy & Public Affairs 14, no. 3 (1985): 223251.Google Scholar
Rawls, John Political Liberalism. New York: Columbia University Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Raz, Joseph. The Morality of Freedom. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Reddit. “Update on Site-Wide Rules Regarding Violent Content.” Accessed July 7, 2020. www.reddit.com/r/modnews/comments/78p7bz/update_on_sitewide_rules_regarding_violent_content/.Google Scholar
Reddit Metrics. “Top Subreddits.” Accessed July 15, 2020. https://redditmetrics.com/top.Google Scholar
Regan, Tom. “Introduction to Moral Reasoning.” In Information Ethics: Privacy, Property, and Power, edited by Moore, Adam D., 3046. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Roberts, Sarah T. Behind the Screen: Content Moderation in the Shadows of Social Media. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2019.Google Scholar
Roose, Kevin. “The Making of a YouTube Radical.” The New York Times, June 8, 2019. www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/06/08/technology/youtube-radical.html.Google Scholar
Rosen, Guy, and Lyons, Tessa. “Remove, Reduce, Inform: New Steps to Manage Problematic Content.” Facebook Newsroom (blog), April 10, 2019. https://about.fb.com/news/2019/04/remove-reduce-inform-new-steps/.Google Scholar
Rosenblat, Alex. Uberland: How Algorithms Are Rewriting the Rules of Work. Oakland, CA: University of California Press, 2018.Google Scholar
Rothbard, Murray N. For a New Liberty: The Libertarian Manifesto. 2nd ed. Auburn, AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2006.Google Scholar
Rubel, Alan. “Privacy and Positive Intellectual Freedom.” Journal of Social Philosophy 45, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 390407.Google Scholar
Rubel, AlanPrivacy and the USA Patriot Act: Rights, the Value of Rights, and Autonomy.” Law and Philosophy 26, no. 2 (2007): 119159.Google Scholar
Rubel, Alan, Castro, Clinton, and Pham, Adam. “Agency Laundering and Information Technologies.” Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 22 (2019): 10171041.Google Scholar
Rubel, Alan, Castro, Clinton, and Pham, AdamAlgorithms, Agency, and Respect for Persons.” Social Theory & Practice 43, no. 3 (July 2020): 547572.Google Scholar
Ryan, Shane. “Paternalism: An Analysis.” Utilitas 28, no. 2 (June 2016): 123135.Google Scholar
Sandberg, Sheryl. “Last Week We Temporarily Disabled Some of Our Ads Tools.” Facebook, September 20, 2017. www.facebook.com/sheryl/posts/10159255449515177.Google Scholar
Sandel, Michael J. Liberalism and the Limits of Justice. Cambridge, UK; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Santoni de Sio, Filippo, and van den Hoven, Jeroen. “Meaningful Human Control over Autonomous Systems: A Philosophical Account.” Frontiers in Robotics and AI 5 (2018).Google Scholar
Satz, Debra. Why Some Things Should Not Be for Sale: The Moral Limits of Markets. Reprint edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Scanlon, T. M. What We Owe to Each Other. Revised edition. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Scheiber, Noam. “How Uber Uses Psychological Tricks to Push Its Drivers’ Buttons.” The New York Times, April 2, 2017. www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/04/02/technology/uber-drivers-psychological-tricks.html.Google Scholar
Schwartz, Barry. The Paradox of Choice: Why More Is Less. Revised edition. HarperCollins e-books, 2009.Google Scholar
Schwartz, Joanna C.After Qualified Immunity.” Columbia Law Review 120, no. 2 (2020): 309388.Google Scholar
Segal, David. “A Russian Oligarch’s $500 Million Yacht Is in the Middle of Britain’s Costliest Divorce.” The New York Times, June 6, 2018. www.nytimes.com/2018/06/06/business/britain-divorce-farkhad-akhmedov.html.Google Scholar
Selbst, Andrew D., and Powles, Julia. “Meaningful Information and the Right to Explanation.” International Data Privacy Law 7, no. 4 (November 1, 2017): 233242.Google Scholar
Select Committee on Artificial Intelligence. “AI in the UK: Ready, Willing and Able?” HL 100 2017–2019. London: House of Lords, 2018.Google Scholar
Select Committee on Intelligence, United States Senate. “Report of the Select Committee on Intelligence, United States Senate, on Russian Active Measures Campaigns and Interference in the 2016 U.S. Election, Volume I: Russian Efforts against Election Infrastructure with Additional Views.” Washington, DC: Select Committee on Intelligence, United States Senate, 2019.Google Scholar
Select Committee on Intelligence, United States Senate “Report of the Select Committee on Intelligence, United States Senate, on Russian Active Measures Campaigns and Interference in the 2016 U.S. Election, Volume II: Russia’s Use of Social Media and Additional Views.” Washington, DC: Select Committee on Intelligence, United States Senate, 2019.Google Scholar
Shearer, Elisa. “Social Media Outpaces Print Newspapers in the U.S. as a News Source.” Pew Research Center, December 10, 2018. www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/12/10/social-media-outpaces-print-newspapers-in-the-u-s-as-a-news-source/.Google Scholar
Shearer, Elisa, and Matsa, Katerina Eva. “News Use across Social Media Platforms 2018.” Pew Research Center, September 10, 2018. www.journalism.org/2018/09/10/news-use-across-social-media-platforms-2018/.Google Scholar
Shiffrin, Seana Valentine. “Paternalism, Unconscionability Doctrine, and Accommodation.” Philosophy & Public Affairs 29, no. 3 (2000): 205250.Google Scholar
Shklar, Judith. “The Liberalism of Fear.” In Liberalism and the Moral Life, edited by Rosenblum, Nancy L.. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Simon, Herbert A. Models of Man: Social and Rational-Mathematical Essays on Rational Human Behavior in a Social Setting. 1st ed. New York: Wiley, 1957.Google Scholar
Skeem, Jennifer, Monahan, John, and Lowenkamp, Christopher. “Gender, Risk Assessment, and Sanctioning: The Cost of Treating Women like Men.” Law and Human Behavior 40 (September 5, 2016).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sloan, Robert H., and Warner, Richard. “Algorithms and Human Freedom.” Santa Clara High Technology Law Journal 35, no. 4 (March 13, 2019): 134.Google Scholar
Smith, Angela M.Attributability, Answerability, and Accountability: In Defense of a Unified Account.” Ethics 112, no. 3 (April 2012): 575589.Google Scholar
Smith, Michael. “A Constitutivist Theory of Reasons: Its Promise and Parts.” Law, Ethics and Philosophy 1 (December 1, 2013): 930.Google Scholar
Solove, Daniel J.Privacy Self-Management and the Consent Dilemma.” Harvard Law Review 126 (2013): 18801903.Google Scholar
Sonnad, Nikhil, and Squirrell, Tim. “The Alt-Right Is Creating Its Own Dialect. Here’s the Dictionary.” Quartz. Accessed July 7, 2020. https://qz.com/1092037/the-alt-right-is-creating-its-own-dialect-heres-a-complete-guide/.Google Scholar
Sosa, Ernest. “For the Love of Truth?” In Virtue Epistemology: Essays on Epistemic Virtue and Responsibility, edited by Zagzebski, Linda and Fairweather, Abrol, 4962. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Spears, Andy. “Bias Confirmed – Tennessee Education Report.” VAMboozled! (blog), 2015. http://tnedreport.com/2016/05/bias-confirmed/.Google Scholar
Squirrell, Tim. “A Definitive Guide to Incels.” Timsquirrell.com (blog), 2020. www.timsquirrell.com/blog/2018/5/30/a-definitive-guide-to-incels-part-two-the-blackpill-and-vocabulary.Google Scholar
Stoljar, Natalie. “Feminist Perspectives on Autonomy.” In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, edited by Zalta, Edward N., Winter 2018. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, 2018.Google Scholar
Strauss, Valerie. “D.C. Teacher Tells Chancellor Why IMPACT Evaluation Is Unfair.” Washington Post, August 16, 2011. www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/answer-sheet/post/dc-teacher-tells-chancellor-why-impact-evaluation-is-unfair/2011/08/15/gIQA0yhBIJ_blog.html.Google Scholar
Strawson, Peter. “Freedom and Resentment.” Proceedings of the British Academy 48 (1962): 125.Google Scholar
Sunstein, Cass R. #Republic: Divided Democracy in the Age of Social Media. Princeton; Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2017.Google Scholar
Superson, Anita. “Deformed Desires and Informed Desire Tests.” Hypatia 20, no. 4 (2005): 109126.Google Scholar
Susser, Daniel, Roessler, Beate, and Nissenbaum, Helen. “Online Manipulation: Hidden Influences in a Digital World.” Georgetown Law Technology Review 4 (2019): 145.Google Scholar
Sweeney, Latanya. “Discrimination in Online Ad Delivery.” Communications of the ACM 56, no. 5 (January 28, 2013): 4454.Google Scholar
Sweeney, Latanya “Only You, Your Doctor, and Many Others May Know.” Technology Science, September 29, 2015. https://techscience.org/a/2015092903/.Google Scholar
Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1 (1968).Google Scholar
Turque, Bill. “More than 200 D.C. Teachers Fired.” The Washington Post, July 15, 2011. www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/dc-schools-insider/post/more-than-200-dc-teachers-fired/2011/07/15/gIQADnTLGI_blog.html.Google Scholar
U.S. Department of Justice. “Report on the Investigation into Russian Interference in the 2016 Presidential Election, Volume I (‘Mueller Report’).” Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, March 2019.Google Scholar
U.S. Department of Justice “Report on the Investigation into Russian Interference in the 2016 Presidential Election, Volume II (‘Mueller Report’).” Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, March 2019.Google Scholar
U.S. v. Internet Research Agency, LLC, No. 1:18-cr-00032 (U.S. District Court for the District of DC) (Indictment, February 16, 2018) www.justice.gov/file/1035477/download.Google Scholar
Vincent, Nicole A.A Structured Taxonomy of Responsibility Concepts.” In Moral Responsibility: Beyond Free Will and Determinism, edited by Vincent, Nicole A., van de Poel, Ibo, and van den Hoven, Jeroen, 1535. Library of Ethics and Applied Philosophy. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1007/978–94-007–1878-4_2.Google Scholar
Wachter, S., Mittelstadt, B. D. M., and Russell, C.. “Counterfactual Explanations without Opening the Black Box: Automated Decisions and the GDPR.” Harvard Journal of Law and Technology 31, no. 2 (2018): 841887.Google Scholar
Wachter, Sandra, Mittelstadt, Brent, and Floridi, Luciano. “Why a Right to Explanation of Automated Decision-Making Does Not Exist in the General Data Protection Regulation.” International Data Privacy Law 7, no. 2 (May 1, 2017): 7699.Google Scholar
Wagner, Ben. “Liable, but Not in Control? Ensuring Meaningful Human Agency in Automated Decision-Making Systems.” Policy & Internet 11, no. 1 (2019): 104122. https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.198.Google Scholar
Wagner v. Haslam, 112 F. Supp. 3d 673 (M.D. Tenn. 2015).Google Scholar
Waldman, Ari Ezra. “Power, Process, and Automated Decision-Making.” Fordham Law Review 88, no. 2 (September 29, 2019): 613–632.Google Scholar
Walsh, Elias, and Dotter, Dallas. “Longitudinal Analysis of the Effectiveness of DCPS Teachers.” Mathematica Policy Research Reports. Mathematica Policy Research. Accessed April 21, 2018. https://ideas.repec.org/p/mpr/mprres/65770df94dde4573b331ce1cb33a9e07.html.Google Scholar
Weaver, Matthew. “Facebook Scandal: I Am Being Used as Scapegoat – Academic Who Mined Data.” The Guardian, March 21, 2018. www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/mar/21/facebook-row-i-am-being-used-as-scapegoat-says-academic-aleksandr-kogan-cambridge-analytica.Google Scholar
Weber, Max. Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology. University of California Press, 1978.Google Scholar
Wells, Katie J., and Cullen, Declan. “The Uber Workplace in Washington, D.C.” Kalmanovitz Initiative for Labor and the Working Poor, Georgetown University, 2019.Google Scholar
Whittlestone, Jess, Nyrup, Rune, Alexandrova, Anna, Dihal, Kanta, and Cave, Stephen. “Ethical and Societal Implications of Algorithms, Data, and Artificial Intelligence: A Roadmap for Research.” London: The Nuffield Foundation, 2019.Google Scholar
Williams, Bernard. “Deciding to Believe.” In Problems of the Self: Philosophical Papers 1956–1972, edited by Williams, Bernard, 136151. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973.Google Scholar
Williams, Garrath. “Responsibility as a Virtue.” Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 11, no. 4 (2008): 455470.Google Scholar
Wingfield, Nick, Isaac, Mike, and Benner, Katie. “Google and Facebook Take Aim at Fake News Sites.” The New York Times, November 14, 2016. www.nytimes.com/2016/11/15/technology/google-will-ban-websites-that-host-fake-news-from-using-its-ad-service.html.Google Scholar
Wisconsin v. Loomis, 881 N.W.2d 749 (Wisconsin Supreme Court 2016).Google Scholar
Wood, Allen W.Coercion, Manipulation, Exploitation.” In Manipulation: Theory and Practice, edited by Coons, Christian and Weber, Michael. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2014.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. “Ten Health Issues WHO Will Tackle This Year.” Accessed July 6, 2020. www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/ten-threats-to-global-health-in-2019.Google Scholar
Wylie, Christopher. Mindf*ck: Cambridge Analytica and the Plot to Break America. New York: Random House, 2019.Google Scholar
Yaffe-Bellany, David. “Equifax Data-Breach Settlement: Get up to $20,000 If You Can Prove Harm.” The New York Times, July 22, 2019. www.nytimes.com/2019/07/22/business/equifax-data-breach-claim.html.Google Scholar
Yeung, Karen. “‘Hypernudge’: Big Data as a Mode of Regulation by Design.” Information, Communication & Society 20, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 118136.Google Scholar
Yu, Persis S., and Dietrich, Sharon M.. “Broken Records: How Errors by Criminal Background Checking Companies Harm Workers and Businesses.” National Consumer Law Center, April 11, 2012.Google Scholar
Zarsky, Tal. “The Trouble with Algorithmic Decisions: An Analytic Road Map to Examine Efficiency and Fairness in Automated and Opaque Decision Making.” Science, Technology, & Human Values 41, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 118132.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • References
  • Alan Rubel, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Clinton Castro, Florida International University, Adam Pham, California Institute of Technology
  • Book: Algorithms and Autonomy
  • Online publication: 17 May 2021
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108895057.010
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • References
  • Alan Rubel, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Clinton Castro, Florida International University, Adam Pham, California Institute of Technology
  • Book: Algorithms and Autonomy
  • Online publication: 17 May 2021
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108895057.010
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • References
  • Alan Rubel, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Clinton Castro, Florida International University, Adam Pham, California Institute of Technology
  • Book: Algorithms and Autonomy
  • Online publication: 17 May 2021
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108895057.010
Available formats
×