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8 - The Textile Industry of Eastern Africa in the Longue Durée

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 September 2014

By
William G. Clarence-Smith
Edited by
Emmanuel Akyeampong ,
Robert H. Bates ,
Nathan Nunn  and
James Robinson
William G. Clarence-Smith
Affiliation:
University of London
Emmanuel Akyeampong
Affiliation:
Harvard University, Massachusetts
Robert H. Bates
Affiliation:
Harvard University, Massachusetts
Nathan Nunn
Affiliation:
Harvard University, Massachusetts
James Robinson
Affiliation:
Harvard University, Massachusetts
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Summary

Introduction

Historians are divided over the issue of the role of textiles in the economic development of eastern Africa, defined here as stretching from the Sudan to South Africa. Ravi Palat and Immanuel Wallerstein claim that India “deindustrialized” its Indian Ocean periphery by exploiting advanced textile techniques and cheap labor (Palat and Wallerstein 1999, 36–7). Similarly, John Mack and Pedro Machado contend that Indian imports fatally undermined a fragile textile sector in eastern Africa, long before Lancashire and New England cottons flooded in from the mid-nineteenth century (Machado 2005, 91–151, 2009, 167; Mack 1993, 303–4). Michael Pearson recognizes that Indian cloth penetrated deep into the markets of early modern eastern Africa, but he poses a crucial counterfactual question: Would the performance of African textiles have been better or worse without imports from South Asia? (Pearson 1998, 121–2).

The fact that textile production grew in South Asia’s oceanic periphery from the mid-seventeenth to the mid-nineteenth century, including in eastern Africa, argues against the position adopted by Palat, Wallerstein, Mack, and Machado. Trade proved to have generally positive rather than negative consequences. While locally produced cloth was only episodically competitive overseas, it had substantial internal markets in Africa. South Asian artisans emigrated little, but they provided models to imitate. Specialized trade diasporas, often South Asian in composition, supplied information, credit, shipping, commercial facilities, and intermediate goods for further transformation, such as colored yarn and plain cloth (Clarence-Smith 2009, 2011). Thus eastern Africa was not a captive market for South Asia, but rather a partner in the development of textile production.

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Africa's Development in Historical Perspective , pp. 264 - 294
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2014

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