ART. 239 - Some Experiments with the Telephone

Summary

Early estimates of the minimum current of suitable frequency audible in the telephone having led to results difficult of reconciliation with the theory of the instrument, experiments were undertaken to clear up the question. The currents were induced in a coil of known construction, either by a revolving magnet of known magnetic moment, or by a magnetised tuning-fork vibrating through a measured arc. The connexion with the telephone was completed through a resistance which was gradually increased until the residual current was but just easily audible. For a frequency of 512 the current was found to be 7 × 10⁻⁸ ampères. This is a much less degree of sensitiveness than was claimed by the earlier observers, but it is more in harmony with what might be expected upon theoretical grounds.

In order to illustrate before an audience these and other experiments requiring the use of a telephone, a combination of that instrument with a sensitive flame was introduced. The gas, at a pressure less than that of the ordinary supply, issues from a pin-hole burner into a cavity from which air is excluded (see figure). Above the cavity, and immediately over the burner, is mounted a brass tube, somewhat contracted at the top where ignition first occurs. In this arrangement the flame is in strictness only an indicator, the really sensitive organ being the jet of gas moving within the cavity and surrounded by a similar atmosphere.