Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T13:26:01.848Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Section 5 - Optimal Deployment of ART beyond 40

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 September 2022

Edited by
Dimitrios S. Nikolaou  and
David B. Seifer
Dimitrios S. Nikolaou
Affiliation:
Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London
David B. Seifer
Affiliation:
Yale Reproductive Medicine, New Haven, CT
Get access

Summary

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Optimizing the Management of Fertility in Women over 40 , pp. 71 - 118
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Martin, JA, Hamilton, BE, Osterman, MJ, Curtin, SC, Matthews, TJ. Births: final data for 2013. Natl Vital Stat Rep 2015;64(1):1–65.Google Scholar
Seifer, DB, Baker, VL, Leader, B. Age-specific serum anti-Müllerian hormone values for 17,120 women presenting to fertility centers within the United States. Fertil Steril 2011;95(2):747–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reichman, DE, Goldschlag, D, Rosenwaks, Z. Value of antimüllerian hormone as a prognostic indicator of in vitro fertilization outcome. Fertil Steril 2014;101(4):1012–18.e1.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tokura, Y, Yoshino, O, Ogura-Nose, S, Motoyama, H, Harada, M, Osuga, Y, et al. The significance of serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels in patients over age 40 in first IVF treatment. J Assist Reprod Genet 2013;30(6):821–5.Google Scholar
Scott, RT, Toner, JP, Muasher, SJ, Oehninger, S, Robinson, S, Rosenwaks, Z. Follicle-stimulating hormone levels on cycle day 3 are predictive of in vitro fertilization outcome. Fertil Steril 1989;51(4):651–4.Google Scholar
Klipstein, S, Regan, M, Ryley, DA, Goldman, MB, Alper, MM, Reindollar, RH. One last chance for pregnancy: a review of 2,705 in vitro fertilization cycles initiated in women age 40 years and above. Fertil Steril 2005;84(2):435–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rooij van, IAJ, Bancsi, LFJMM, Broekmans, FJM, Looman, CWN, Habbema, JDF, Velde te, ER. Women older than 40 years of age and those with elevated follicle-stimulating hormone levels differ in poor response rate and embryo quality in in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 2003;79(3):482–8.Google Scholar
Yih, MC, Spandorfer, SD, Rosenwaks, Z. Egg production predicts a doubling of in vitro fertilization pregnancy rates even within defined age and ovarian reserve categories. Fertil Steril 2005;83(1):24–9.Google Scholar
Nelson, SM, Klein, BM, Arce, J-C. Comparison of antimüllerian hormone levels and antral follicle count as predictor of ovarian response to controlled ovarian stimulation in good-prognosis patients at individual fertility clinics in two multicenter trials. Fertil Steril 2015;103(4):923–30.e1.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Khan, HL, Bhatti, S, Suhail, S, Gul, R, Awais, A, Hamayun, H, et al. Antral follicle count (AFC) and serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) are the predictors of natural fecundability have similar trends irrespective of fertility status and menstrual characteristics among fertile and infertile women below the age of 40 years. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2019;17(1):20.Google Scholar
Hendriks, DJ, Mol, B-WJ, Bancsi, LFJMM, Te Velde, ER, Broekmans, FJM. Antral follicle count in the prediction of poor ovarian response and pregnancy after in vitro fertilization: a meta-analysis and comparison with basal follicle-stimulating hormone level. Fertil Steril 2005;83(2):291–301.Google Scholar
Tsakos, E, Tolikas, A, Daniilidis, A, Asimakopoulos, B. Predictive value of anti-müllerian hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and antral follicle count on the outcome of ovarian stimulation in women following GnRH-antagonist protocol for IVF/ET. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2014;290(6):1249–53.Google Scholar
Creanga, AA, Syverson, C, Seed, K, Callaghan, WM. Pregnancy-related mortality in the United States, 2011–2013. Obstet Gynecol 2017;130(2):366–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sheen, J-J, Wright, JD, Goffman, D, Kern-Goldberger, AR, Booker, W, Siddiq, Z, et al. Maternal age and risk for adverse outcomes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018;219(4):390.e1–390.e15.Google Scholar
Wennberg, AL, Opdahl, S, Bergh, C, Aaris Henningsen, A-K, Gissler, M, Romundstad, LB, et al. Effect of maternal age on maternal and neonatal outcomes after assisted reproductive technology. Fertil Steril 2016;106(5):1142–9.e14.Google Scholar
Sullivan-Pyke, CS, Senapati, S, Mainigi, MA, Barnhart, KT. In vitro fertilization and adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes. Semin Perinatol 2017;41(6):345–53.Google Scholar
du Fossé, NA, van der Hoorn, M-LP, van Lith, JMM, le Cessie, S, Lashley, EELO. Advanced paternal age is associated with an increased risk of spontaneous miscarriage: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update 2020;26(5):650–69.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sharma, R, Agarwal, A, Rohra, VK, Assidi, M, Abu-Elmagd, M, Turki, RF. Effects of increased paternal age on sperm quality, reproductive outcome and associated epigenetic risks to offspring. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2015;13:35.Google Scholar
Tsafrir, A, Simon, A, Revel, A, Reubinoff, B, Lewin, A, Laufer, N. Retrospective analysis of 1217 IVF cycles in women aged 40 years and older. Reprod Biomed Online 2007;14(3):348–55.Google Scholar
Corsan, G, Trias, A, Trout, S, Kemmann, E. Ovulation induction combined with intrauterine insemination in women 40 years of age and older: is it worthwhile? Hum Reprod 1996;11(5):1109–12.Google Scholar
Evans, MB, Stentz, NC, Richter, KS, Schexnayder, B, Connell, M, Healy, MW, et al. Mature follicle count and multiple gestation risk based on patient age in intrauterine insemination cycles with ovarian stimulation. Obstet Gynecol 2020;135(5):1005–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gunnala, V, Irani, M, Melnick, A, Rosenwaks, Z, Spandorfer, S. One thousand seventy-eight autologous IVF cycles in women 45 years and older: the largest single-center cohort to date. J Assist Reprod Genet 2018;35(3):435–40.Google Scholar
van Tilborg, TC, Torrance, HL, Oudshoorn, SC, Eijkemans, MJC, Koks, CAM, Verhoeve, HR, et al. Individualized versus standard FSH dosing in women starting IVF/ICSI: an RCT. Part 1: The predicted poor responder. Hum Reprod 2017;32(12):2496–505.Google Scholar
Stimpfel, M, Vrtačnik-Bokal, E, Pozlep, B, Kmecl, J, Virant-Klun, I. Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist protocol of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation as an efficient treatment in Bologna-defined poor ovarian responders. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2016;62(4):290–6.Google Scholar
Boza, A, Cakar, E, Boza, B, Api, M, Kayatas, S, Sofuoglu, K. Microdose flare-up gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist versus GnRH antagonist protocols in poor ovarian responders undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection. J Reprod Infertil 2016;17(3):163–8.Google Scholar
Orvieto, R, Kruchkovich, J, Rabinson, J, Zohav, E, Anteby, EY, Meltcer, S. Ultrashort gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist combined with flexible multidose gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist for poor responders in in vitro fertilization/embryo transfer programs. Fertil Steril 2008;90(1):228–30.Google Scholar
Reichman, DE, Zakarin, L, Chao, K, Meyer, L, Davis, OK, Rosenwaks, Z. Diminished ovarian reserve is the predominant risk factor for gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist failure resulting in breakthrough luteinizing hormone surges in in vitro fertilization cycles. Fertil Steril 2014;102(1):99–102.Google Scholar
Dragisic, KG, Davis, OK, Fasouliotis, SJ, Rosenwaks, Z. Use of a luteal estradiol patch and a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist suppression protocol before gonadotropin stimulation for in vitro fertilization in poor responders. Fertil Steril 2005;84(4):1023–6.Google Scholar
Elassar, A, Engmann, L, Nulsen, J, Benadiva, C. Letrozole and gonadotropins versus luteal estradiol and gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist protocol in women with a prior low response to ovarian stimulation. Fertil Steril 2011;95(7):2330–4.Google Scholar
Rubio, C, Bellver, J, Rodrigo, L, Castillón, G, Guillén, A, Vidal, C, et al. In vitro fertilization with preimplantation genetic diagnosis for aneuploidies in advanced maternal age: a randomized, controlled study. Fertil Steril 2017;107(5):1122–9.Google Scholar
Deng, J, Hong, HY, Zhao, Q, Nadgauda, A, Ashrafian, S, Behr, B, et al. Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy in poor ovarian responders with four or fewer oocytes retrieved. J Assist Reprod Genet 2020;37(5):1147–54.Google Scholar
Zhou, P, Baumgarten, SC, Wu, Y, Bennett, J, Winston, N, Hirshfeld-Cytron, J, et al. IGF-I signaling is essential for FSH stimulation of AKT and steroidogenic genes in granulosa cells. Mol Endocrinol 2013;27(3):511–23.Google Scholar
Duffy, JM, Ahmad, G, Mohiyiddeen, L, Nardo, LG, Watson, A. Growth hormone for in vitro fertilization. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010;1:CD000099.Google Scholar
Garcia-Velasco, JA, Moreno, L, Pacheco, A, Guillén, A, Duque, L, Requena, A, et al. The aromatase inhibitor letrozole increases the concentration of intraovarian androgens and improves in vitro fertilization outcome in low responder patients: a pilot study. Fertil Steril 2005;84(1):82–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nagels, HE, Rishworth, JR, Siristatidis, CS, Kroon, B. Androgens (dehydroepiandrosterone or testosterone) for women undergoing assisted reproduction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015;11:CD009749.Google Scholar
Özcan, P, Fıçıcıoğlu, C, Kizilkale, O, Yesiladali, M, Tok, OE, Ozkan, F, et al. Can coenzyme Q10 supplementation protect the ovarian reserve against oxidative damage? J Assist Reprod Genet 2016;33(9):1223–30.Google Scholar
Fragouli, E, Wells, D. Mitochondrial DNA assessment to determine oocyte and embryo viability. Semin Reprod Med 2015;33(6):401–9.Google ScholarPubMed
Xu, Y, Nisenblat, V, Lu, C, Li, R, Qiao, J, Zhen, X, et al. Pretreatment with coenzyme Q10 improves ovarian response and embryo quality in low-prognosis young women with decreased ovarian reserve: a randomized controlled trial. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2018;16(1):29.Google Scholar
Khosravi, P, Kazemi, E, Zhan, Q, Malmsten, JE, Toschi, M, Zisimopoulos, P, et al. Deep learning enables robust assessment and selection of human blastocysts after in vitro fertilization. NPJ Digit Med 2019;2:21.Google Scholar
Farquhar, CM, Wang, YA, Sullivan, EA. A comparative analysis of assisted reproductive technology cycles in Australia and New Zealand 2004–2007. Hum Reprod 2010;25(9):2281–9.Google Scholar
Smith, ADAC, Tilling, K, Lawlor, DA, Nelson, SM. Live birth rates and perinatal outcomes when all embryos are frozen compared with conventional fresh and frozen embryo transfer: a cohort study of 337,148 in vitro fertilisation cycles. BMC Med 2019;17(1):202.Google Scholar
Maheshwari, A, Pandey, S, Amalraj Raja, E, Shetty, A, Hamilton, M, Bhattacharya, S. Is frozen embryo transfer better for mothers and babies? Can cumulative meta-analysis provide a definitive answer? Hum Reprod Update 2018;24(1):35–58.Google Scholar
Roque, M, Haahr, T, Geber, S, Esteves, SC, Humaidan, P. Fresh versus elective frozen embryo transfer in IVF/ICSI cycles: a systematic review and meta-analysis of reproductive outcomes. Hum Reprod Update 2019;25(1):2–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marozio, L, Picardo, E, Filippini, C, Mainolfi, E, Berchialla, P, Cavallo, F, et al. Maternal age over 40 years and pregnancy outcome: a hospital-based survey. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2019;32(10):1602–8.Google Scholar
Penzias, A, Bendikson, K, Butts, S, Coutifaris, C, Fossum, G, Falcone, T, et al. Guidance on the limits to the number of embryos to transfer: a committee opinion. Fertil Steril 2017;107(4):901–3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gunnala, V, Reichman, DE, Meyer, L, Davis, OK, Rosenwaks, Z. Beyond the American Society for Reproductive Medicine transfer guidelines: How many cleavage-stage embryos are safe to transfer in women ≥43 years old? Fertil Steril 2014;102(6):1626–32.e1.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Singh, B, Reschke, L, Segars, J, Baker, VL. Frozen-thawed embryo transfer: the potential importance of the corpus luteum in preventing obstetrical complications. Fertil Steril 2020;113(2):252–7.Google Scholar
Devesa, M, Tur, R, Rodríguez, I, Coroleu, B, Martínez, F, Polyzos, NP. Cumulative live birth rates and number of oocytes retrieved in women of advanced age. A single centre analysis including 4500 women ≥38 years old. Hum Reprod 2018;33(11):2010–7.Google Scholar
Sneeringer, R, Klipstein, S, Ryley, DA, Alper, MM, Reindollar, RH. Pregnancy loss in the first in vitro fertilization cycle is not predictive of subsequent delivery in women over 40 years. Fertil Steril 2008;89(2):364–7.Google Scholar
Ethics Committee of American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Fertility treatment when the prognosis is very poor or futile: a committee opinion. Fertil Steril 2012;98(1):e6–9.Google Scholar

References

Gleicher, N, Kushnir, VA, Weghofer, A, Barad, DH. The “graying” of infertility services: an impending revolution nobody is ready for. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2014; 12: 63.Google Scholar
Ethics Committee of American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Fertility treatment when the prognosis is very poor or futile: a committee opinion. Fertil Steril 2012; 98(1): e6–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gleicher, N, Vega, MV, Darmon, SK, et al. Live-birth rates in very poor prognosis patients, who are defined as poor responders under the Bologna criteria, with nonelective single embryo, two-embryo, and three or more embryos transferred. Fertil Steril 2015; 104(6): 1435–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leridon, H. Can assisted reproduction technology compensate for the natural decline in fertility with age? A model assessment. Hum Reprod 2004; 19(7): 1548–53.Google Scholar
Gleicher, N, Weghofer, A, Barad, DH. Defining ovarian reserve to better understand ovarian aging. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2011; 9: 23.Google Scholar
Findlay, JK, Dunning, KR, Gilchrist, RB, Hutt, KJ, Russell, DL, Walters, KA. Chapter 1 - Follicle selection in mammalian ovaries. In: Leung, PCK, Adashi, EY, eds. The Ovary (Third Edition): Academic Press; 2019: 3–21.Google Scholar
Prasasya, RD, Mayo, KE. Chapter 2 - Regulation of follicle formation and development by ovarian signaling pathways. In: Leung, PCK, Adashi, EY, eds. The Ovary (Third Edition): Academic Press; 2019: 23–49.Google Scholar
Kushnir, VA, Seifer, DB, Barad, DH, Sen, A, Gleicher, N. Potential therapeutic applications of human anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) analogues in reproductive medicine. J Assist Reprod Genet 2017; 34(9): 1105–13.Google Scholar
Kim, H-A, Choi, J, Park, CS, et al. Post-chemotherapy serum anti-Müllerian hormone level predicts ovarian function recovery. Endocr Connect 2018; 7(8): 949–56.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Zonneveld, P, Scheffer, GJ, Broekmans, FJ, et al. Do cycle disturbances explain the age-related decline of female fertility? Cycle characteristics of women aged over 40 years compared with a reference population of young women. Hum Reprod 2003; 18(3): 495–501.Google Scholar
Prizant, H, Gleicher, N, Sen, A. Androgen actions in the ovary: balance is key. J Endocrinol 2014; 222(3): R141–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sen, A, Prizant, H, Hammes, SR. Understanding extranuclear (nongenomic) androgen signaling: what a frog oocyte can tell us about human biology. Steroids 2011; 76(9): 822–8.Google Scholar
Sen, A, Prizant, H, Light, A, et al. Androgens regulate ovarian follicular development by increasing follicle stimulating hormone receptor and microRNA-125b expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111(8): 3008–13.Google Scholar
Schulman, RA, Dean, C. Solve it with supplements : the best herbal and nutritional supplements to prevent and heal more than 100 common health problems. Emmaus, Pa.: Rodale; 2007.Google Scholar
Zwain, IH, Yen, SSC. Dehydroepiandrosterone: biosynthesis and metabolism in the brain. Endocrinology 1999; 140(2): 880–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chen, F, Knecht, K, Birzin, E, et al. Direct agonist/antagonist functions of dehydroepiandrosterone. Endocrinology 2005; 146(11): 4568–76.Google Scholar
Gleicher, N, Kim, A, Weghofer, A, et al. Hypoandrogenism in association with diminished functional ovarian reserve. Hum Reprod 2013; 28(4): 1084–91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gleicher, N, Barad, DH. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) supplementation in diminished ovarian reserve (DOR). Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2011; 9: 67.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gleicher, N, Kushnir, VA, Barad, DH. Chapter 24 - The ovarian factor in assisted reproductive technology. In: Leung, PCK, Adashi, EY, eds. The Ovary (Third Edition): Academic Press; 2019: 379–401.Google Scholar
Sen, A, Hammes, SR. Granulosa cell-specific androgen receptors are critical regulators of ovarian development and function. Mol Endocrinol 2010; 24(7): 1393–403.Google Scholar
Gallagher, LM, Owen, LJ, Keevil, BG. Simultaneous determination of androstenedione and testosterone in human serum by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Ann Clin Biochem 2007; 44(Pt 1): 48–56.Google Scholar
Shohat-Tal, A, Sen, A, Barad, DH, Kushnir, V, Gleicher, N. Genetics of androgen metabolism in women with infertility and hypoandrogenism. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2015; 11(7): 429–41.Google Scholar
Wojciechowska, A, Osowski, A, Jóźwik, M, Górecki, R, Rynkiewicz, A, Wojtkiewicz, J. Inositols’ importance in the improvement of the endocrine-metabolic profile in PCOS. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20(22): 5787.Google Scholar
Showell, MG, Mackenzie-Proctor, R, Jordan, V, Hodgson, R, Farquhar, C. Inositol for subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 12: CD012378.Google Scholar
Surrey, ES. Management of the poor responder: the role of GnRH agonists and antagonists. J Assist Reprod Genet 2007; 24(12): 613–19.Google Scholar
Barad, DH, Kim, A, Kubba, H, Weghofer, A, Gleicher, N. Does hormonal contraception prior to in vitro fertilization (IVF) negatively affect oocyte yields? A pilot study. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2013; 11: 28.Google Scholar
Smulders, B, van Oirschot, SM, Farquhar, C, Rombauts, L, Kremer, JA. Oral contraceptive pill, progestogen or estrogen pre-treatment for ovarian stimulation protocols for women undergoing assisted reproductive techniques. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010;1: CD006109.Google Scholar
Farquhar, C, Rombauts, L, Kremer, JA, Lethaby, A, Ayeleke, RO. Oral contraceptive pill, progestogen or oestrogen pretreatment for ovarian stimulation protocols for women undergoing assisted reproductive techniques. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 5: CD006109.Google Scholar
Farquhar, C, Rombauts, L, Kremer, JA, Lethaby, A, Ayeleke, RO. Oral contraceptive pill, progestogen or oestrogen pretreatment for ovarian stimulation protocols for women undergoing assisted reproductive techniques. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 5: CD006109-CD.Google Scholar
Fanchin, R, Cunha-Filho, JS, Schonauer, LM, Kadoch, IJ, Cohen-Bacri, P, Frydman, R. Coordination of early antral follicles by luteal estradiol administration provides a basis for alternative controlled ovarian hyperstimulation regimens. Fertil Steril 2003; 79(2): 316–21.Google Scholar
Reynolds, KA, Omurtag, KR, Jimenez, PT, Rhee, JS, Tuuli, MG, Jungheim, ES. Cycle cancellation and pregnancy after luteal estradiol priming in women defined as poor responders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Human Reprod 2013; 28(11): 2981–9.Google Scholar
Kuczynski, A. Anti-aging potion or poison? The New York Times 1998; April 12, Sect. 1.Google Scholar
Liu, H, Bravata, DM, Olkin, I, et al. Systematic review: the safety and efficacy of growth hormone in the healthy elderly. Ann Intern Med 2007; 146(2): 104–15.Google Scholar
Duffy, JM, Ahmad, G, Mohiyiddeen, L, Nardo, LG, Watson, A. Growth hormone for in vitro fertilization. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; 1: CD000099.Google Scholar
Cozzolino, M, Cecchino, GN, Troiano, G, Romanelli, C. Growth hormone cotreatment for poor responders undergoing in vitro fertilization cycles: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertil Steril 2020; 114(1): 97–109.Google Scholar
Bortoletto, P, Spandorfer, S. Growth hormone: in search of the Holy Grail for poor responders (or a felony). Fertil Steril 2020; 114(1): 63–4.Google Scholar
Kasapoğlu, I, Seli, E. Mitochondrial dysfunction and ovarian aging. Endocrinology 2020; 161(2).Google Scholar
Wang, T, Zhang, M, Jiang, Z, Seli, E. Mitochondrial dysfunction and ovarian aging. Am J Reprod Immunol 2017; 77(5): e12651.Google Scholar
Bentov, Y, Yavorska, T, Esfandiari, N, Jurisicova, A, Casper, RF. The contribution of mitochondrial function to reproductive aging. J Assist Reprod Genet 2011; 28(9): 773–83.Google Scholar
Kalén, A, Appelkvist, E-L, Dallner, G. Age-related changes in the lipid compositions of rat and human tissues. Lipids 1989; 24(7): 579–84.Google Scholar
Ben-Meir, A, Burstein, E, Borrego-Alvarez, A, et al. Coenzyme Q10 restores oocyte mitochondrial function and fertility during reproductive aging. Aging Cell 2015; 14(5): 887–95.Google Scholar
Bentov, Y, Casper, RF. The aging oocyte--can mitochondrial function be improved? Fertil Steril 2013; 99(1): 18–22.Google Scholar
Gat, I, Blanco Mejia, S, Balakier, H, Librach, CL, Claessens, A, Ryan, EA. The use of coenzyme Q10 and DHEA during IUI and IVF cycles in patients with decreased ovarian reserve. Gynecol Endocrinol 2016; 32(7): 534–7.Google Scholar
Pantos, K, Nitsos, N, Kokkali, G, et al. Ovarian rejuvenation and folliculogenesis reactivation in peri-menopausal women after autologous platelet-rich plasma treatment. Abstracts of the 32nd Annual Meeting of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology, Helsinki, Finland. Hum Reprod 2016: i301.Google Scholar
Fabi, S, Sundaram, H. The potential of topical and injectable growth factors and cytokines for skin rejuvenation. Facial Plast Surg 2014; 30(02): 157–71.Google Scholar
Xie, X, Zhang, C, Tuan, RS. Biology of platelet-rich plasma and its clinical application in cartilage repair. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16(1): 204.Google Scholar
Macaulay, IC, Carr, P, Gusnanto, A, Ouwehand, WH, Fitzgerald, D, Watkins, NA. Platelet genomics and proteomics in human health and disease. J Clin Invest 2005; 115: 3370–7.Google Scholar
McRedmond, JP, Park, SD, Reilly, DF, et al. Integration of proteomics and genomics in platelets: a profile of platelet proteins and platelet-specific genes. Mol Cell Proteomics 2004; 3: 133–44.Google Scholar
Watson, SP, Bahou, WF, Fitzgerald, D, Ouwehand, W, Rao, AK, Leavitt, AD. ISTH platelet physiology subcommittee: mapping the platelet proteome: a report of the ISTH platelet physiology subcommittee. J Thromb Haemost 2005; 3: 2098–101.Google Scholar
Sills, ES, Wood, SH. Autologous activated platelet-rich plasma injection into adult human ovary tissue: molecular mechanism, analysis, and discussion of reproductive response. Biosci Rep 2019; 39(6): BSR20190805.Google Scholar
Farimani, M, Heshmati, S, Poorolajal, J, Bahmanzadeh, M. A report on three live births in women with poor ovarian response following intra-ovarian injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46(2): 1611–16.Google Scholar
Hosseini, L, Shirazi, A, Naderi, MM, et al. Platelet-rich plasma promotes the development of isolated human primordial and primary follicles to the preantral stage. Reprod Biomed Online 2017; 35(4): 343–50.Google Scholar
Sills, ES, Rickers, NS, Li, X, Palermo, GD. First data on in vitro fertilization and blastocyst formation after intraovarian injection of calcium gluconate-activated autologous platelet rich plasma. Gynecol Endocrinol 2018; 34(9): 756–60.Google Scholar
Bidet, M, Bachelot, A, Bissauge, E, et al. Resumption of ovarian function and pregnancies in 358 patients with premature ovarian failure. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96(12): 3864–72.Google Scholar
Gulati, SC, Van Poznak, C. Pregnancy after bone marrow transplantation. J Clin Oncol 1998; 16(5): 1978–85.Google Scholar
Loren, AW, Chow, E, Jacobsohn, DA, et al. Pregnancy after hematopoietic cell transplantation: a report from the late effects working committee of the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR). Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2011; 17(2): 157–66.Google Scholar
Akahori, T, Woods, DC, Tilly, JL. Female fertility preservation through stem cell-based ovarian tissue reconstitution in vitro and ovarian regeneration in vivo. Clin Med Insights Reprod Health 2019; 13: 1179558119848007.Google Scholar
Herraiz, S, Buigues, A, Diaz-Garcia, C, et al. Fertility rescue and ovarian follicle growth promotion by bone marrow stem cell infusion. Fertil Steril 2018; 109(5): 908–18 e2.Google Scholar
Liu, R, Zhang, X, Fan, Z, et al. Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells improve the follicular microenvironment to recover ovarian function in premature ovarian failure mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10(1): 299.Google Scholar
Pandian, Z, McTavish, AR, Aucott, L, Hamilton, MP, Bhattacharya, S. Interventions for ‘poor responders’ to controlled ovarian hyper stimulation (COH) in in-vitro fertilisation (IVF). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; (1): CD004379.Google Scholar
Al‐Inany, HG, Youssef, MA, Ayeleke, RO, Brown, J, Lam, WS, Broekmans, FJ. Gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone antagonists for assisted reproductive technology. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; (4): CD001750.Google Scholar
Kamath, MS, Maheshwari, A, Bhattacharya, S, Lor, KY, Gibreel, A. Oral medications including clomiphene citrate or aromatase inhibitors with gonadotropins for controlled ovarian stimulation in women undergoing in vitro fertilisation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; (11): CD008528.Google Scholar
Dahhan, T, Balkenende, E, van Wely, M, Linn, S, Goddijn, M. Tamoxifen or letrozole versus standard methods for women with estrogen‐receptor positive breast cancer undergoing oocyte or embryo cryopreservation in assisted reproduction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; (11): CD010240.Google Scholar
Check, JH. The multiple uses of ethinyl estradiol for treating infertility. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 2010; 37(4): 249–51.Google Scholar
Mochtar, MH, Danhof, NA, Ayeleke, RO, Van der Veen, F, van Wely, M. Recombinant luteinizing hormone (rLH) and recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (rFSH) for ovarian stimulation in IVF/ICSI cycles. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; (5): CD005070.Google ScholarPubMed
Youssef, MA, van Wely, M, Mochtar, M, et al. Low dosing of gonadotropins in in vitro fertilization cycles for women with poor ovarian reserve: systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertil Steril 2018; 109(2): 289–301.Google Scholar
Barad, DH, Kushnir, VA, Lee, HJ, Lazzaroni, E, Gleicher, N. Effect of inter-cycle interval on oocyte production in humans in the presence of the weak androgen DHEA and follicle stimulating hormone: a case-control study. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2014; 12: 68.Google Scholar
Barad, DH, Gleicher, N. Increased oocyte production after treatment with dehydroepiandrosterone. Fertil Steril 2005; 84(3): 756.Google Scholar
Wu, YG, Barad, DH, Kushnir, VA, et al. Aging-related premature luteinization of granulosa cells is avoided by early oocyte retrieval. J Endocrinol 2015; 226 (3): 167–80.Google Scholar
Wu, YG, Barad, DH, Kushnir, VA, et al. With low ovarian reserve, Highly Individualized Egg Retrieval (HIER) improves IVF results by avoiding premature luteinization. J Ovarian Res 2018; 11(1): 23.Google Scholar
Gleicher, N, Kushnir, VA, Darmon, S, Albertini, DF, Barad, DH. Older women using their own eggs? Issue framed with two oldest reported IVF pregnancies and a live birth. Reprod Biomed Online 2018; 37(2): 172–7.Google Scholar
Glujovsky, D, Farquhar, C, Quinteiro Retamar, AM, Alvarez Sedo, CR, Blake, D. Cleavage stage versus blastocyst stage embryo transfer in assisted reproductive technology. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; (6): CD002118.Google Scholar
Xiao, JS, Healey, M, Talmor, A, Vollenhoven, B. When only one embryo is available, is it better to transfer on Day 3 or to grow on? Reprod Biomed Online 2019; 39(6): 916–23.Google Scholar
Kissin, DM, Kulkarni, AD, Kushnir, VA, Jamieson, DJ, National ARTSSG. Number of embryos transferred after in vitro fertilization and good perinatal outcome. Obstet Gynecol 2014; 123(2 Pt 1): 239–47.Google Scholar

References

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Committee on Gynecologic Practice and Practice Committee. Female age-related fertility decline. Committee Opinion No. 589. Fertil Steril 2014;101:633–4.Google Scholar
Stein, ZA. A woman’s age: childbearing and child rearing. Am J Epidemiol 1985;121:327–42.Google Scholar
Gosden, RG. Maternal age: a major factor affecting the prospects and outcome of pregnancy. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1985;442:45–57.Google Scholar
Baker, TG. A Quantitative and Cytological Study of Germ Cells in Human Ovaries. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 1963;158:417–33.Google Scholar
Vaskivuo, TE, Anttonen, M, Herva, R, et al. Survival of human ovarian follicles from fetal to adult life: apoptosis, apoptosis-related proteins, and transcription factor GATA-4. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:3421–9.Google Scholar
Markstrom, E, Svensson, E, Shao, R, Svanberg, B, Billig, H. Survival factors regulating ovarian apoptosis – dependence on follicle differentiation. Reproduction 2002;123:23–30.Google Scholar
te Velde, ER, Pearson, PL. The variability of female reproductive ageing. Hum Reprod Update 2002;8:141–54.Google Scholar
Richardson, SJ, Senikas, V, Nelson, JF. Follicular depletion during the menopausal transition: evidence for accelerated loss and ultimate exhaustion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1987;65:1231–7.Google Scholar
Faddy, MJ, Gosden, RG. A model conforming the decline in follicle numbers to the age of menopause in women. Hum Reprod 1996;11:1484–6.Google Scholar
Battaglia, DE, Goodwin, P, Klein, NA, Soules, MR. Influence of maternal age on meiotic spindle assembly in oocytes from naturally cycling women. Hum Reprod 1996;11:2217–22.Google Scholar
Gougeon, A, Ecochard, R, Thalabard, JC. Age-related changes of the population of human ovarian follicles: increase in the disappearance rate of non-growing and early-growing follicles in aging women. Biol Reprod 1994;50:653–63.Google Scholar
Jacobs, SL, Metzger, DA, Dodson, WC, Haney, AF. Effect of age on response to human menopausal gonadotropin stimulation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990;71:1525–30.Google Scholar
Block, E. A quantitative morphological investigation of the follicular system in newborn female infants. Acta Anat (Basel) 1953;17:201–6.Google Scholar
Nasmyth, K. Disseminating the genome: joining, resolving, and separating sister chromatids during mitosis and meiosis. Annu Rev Genet 2001;35:673–745.Google Scholar
Pellestor, F, Anahory, T, Hamamah, S. Effect of maternal age on the frequency of cytogenetic abnormalities in human oocytes. Cytogenet Genome Res 2005;111:206–12.Google Scholar
Pellestor, F, Andreo, B, Arnal, F, Humeau, C, Demaille, J. Maternal aging and chromosomal abnormalities: new data drawn from in vitro unfertilized human oocytes. Hum Genet 2003;112:195–203.Google Scholar
Pellestor, F, Andreo, B, Anahory, T, Hamamah, S. The occurrence of aneuploidy in human: lessons from the cytogenetic studies of human oocytes. Eur J Med Genet 2006;49:103–16.Google Scholar
Hassold, T, Chiu, D. Maternal age-specific rates of numerical chromosome abnormalities with special reference to trisomy. Hum Genet 1985;70:11–17.Google Scholar
Noci, I, Borri, P, Chieffi, O, et al.I. Aging of the human endometrium: a basic morphological and immunohistochemical study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1995;63:181–5.Google Scholar
Abdalla, HI, Burton, G, Kirkland, A, et al. Age, pregnancy and miscarriage: uterine versus ovarian factors. Hum Reprod 1993;8:1512–7.Google Scholar
Borini, A, Bafaro, G, Violini, F, Bianchi, L, Casadio, V, Flamigni, C. Pregnancies in postmenopausal women over 50 years old in an oocyte donation program. Fertil Steril 1995;63:258–61.Google Scholar
Melnick, AP, Rosenwaks, Z. Oocyte donation: insights gleaned and future challenges. Fertil Steril 2018;110:988–93.Google Scholar
Kidd, SA, Eskenazi, B, Wyrobek, AJ. Effects of male age on semen quality and fertility: a review of the literature. Fertil Steril 2001;75:237–48.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eskenazi, B, Wyrobek, AJ, Sloter, E, et al. The association of age and semen quality in healthy men. Hum Reprod 2003;18:447–54.Google Scholar
Vermeulen, A, Kaufman, JM. Ageing of the hypothalamo-pituitary-testicular axis in men. Horm Res 1995;43:25–8.Google Scholar
Almeida, S, Rato, L, Sousa, M, Alves, MG, Oliveira, PF. Fertility and sperm quality in the aging male. Curr Pharm Des 2017;23:4429–37.Google Scholar
Nybo Andersen, AM, Urhoj, SK. Is advanced paternal age a health risk for the offspring? Fertil Steril 2017;107:312–8.Google Scholar
Mihm, M, Gangooly, S, Muttukrishna, S. The normal menstrual cycle in women. Anim Reprod Sci 2011;124:229–36.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sowers, MR, Eyvazzadeh, AD, McConnell, D, et al. Anti-mullerian hormone and inhibin B in the definition of ovarian aging and the menopause transition. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008;93:3478–83.Google Scholar
Bukman, A, Heineman, MJ. Ovarian reserve testing and the use of prognostic models in patients with subfertility. Hum Reprod Update 2001;7:581–90.Google Scholar
Roberts, JE, Spandorfer, S, Fasouliotis, SJ, Kashyap, S, Rosenwaks, Z. Taking a basal follicle-stimulating hormone history is essential before initiating in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 2005;83:37–41.Google Scholar
Abdalla, H, Thum, MY. Repeated testing of basal FSH levels has no predictive value for IVF outcome in women with elevated basal FSH. Hum Reprod 2006;21:171–4.Google Scholar
Buyalos, RP, Daneshmand, S, Brzechffa, PR. Basal estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone predict fecundity in women of advanced reproductive age undergoing ovulation induction therapy. Fertil Steril 1997;68:272–7.Google Scholar
Pache, TD, Wladimiroff, JW, de Jong, FH, Hop, WC, Fauser, BC. Growth patterns of nondominant ovarian follicles during the normal menstrual cycle. Fertil Steril 1990;54:638–42.Google Scholar
Scheffer, GJ, Broekmans, FJ, Dorland, M, Habbema, JD, Looman, CW, te Velde, ER. Antral follicle counts by transvaginal ultrasonography are related to age in women with proven natural fertility. Fertil Steril 1999;72:845–51.Google Scholar
Frattarelli, JL, Lauria-Costab, DF, Miller, BT, Bergh, PA, Scott, RT. Basal antral follicle number and mean ovarian diameter predict cycle cancellation and ovarian responsiveness in assisted reproductive technology cycles. Fertil Steril 2000;74:512–7.Google Scholar
Kupesic, S, Kurjak, A, Bjelos, D, Vujisic, S. Three-dimensional ultrasonographic ovarian measurements and in vitro fertilization outcome are related to age. Fertil Steril 2003;79:190–7.Google Scholar
Themmen, AP. Anti-Mullerian hormone: its role in follicular growth initiation and survival and as an ovarian reserve marker. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2005;34:18–21.Google Scholar
Fleming, R, Seifer, DB, Frattarelli, JL, Ruman, J. Assessing ovarian response: antral follicle count versus anti-Mullerian hormone. Reprod Biomed Online 2015;31:486–96.Google Scholar
Hehenkamp, WJ, Looman, CW, Themmen, AP, de Jong, FH, Te Velde, ER, Broekmans, FJ. Anti-Mullerian hormone levels in the spontaneous menstrual cycle do not show substantial fluctuation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006;91:4057–63.Google Scholar
Broer, SL, Broekmans, FJ, Laven, JS, Fauser, BC. Anti-Mullerian hormone: ovarian reserve testing and its potential clinical implications. Hum Reprod Update 2014;20:688–701.Google Scholar
Gnoth, C, Schuring, AN, Friol, K, Tigges, J, Mallmann, P, Godehardt, E. Relevance of anti-Mullerian hormone measurement in a routine IVF program. Hum Reprod 2008;23:1359–65.Google Scholar
Goswami, M, Nikolaou, D. Is AMH level, independent of age, a predictor of live birth in IVF? J Hum Reprod Sci 2017;10:24–30.Google Scholar
Tal, R, Seifer, DB, Tal, R, Grainger, E, Wantman, E, Tal, O. AMH highly correlates with cumulative live birth rate in women with diminished ovarian reserve independent of age. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021;106:2754–66.Google Scholar
Navot, D, Rosenwaks, Z, Margalioth, EJ. Prognostic assessment of female fecundity. Lancet 1987;2:645–7.Google Scholar
Yong, PY, Baird, DT, Thong, KJ, McNeilly, AS, Anderson, RA. Prospective analysis of the relationships between the ovarian follicle cohort and basal FSH concentration, the inhibin response to exogenous FSH and ovarian follicle number at different stages of the normal menstrual cycle and after pituitary down-regulation. Hum Reprod 2003;18:35–44.Google Scholar
Csemiczky, G, Harlin, J, Fried, G. Predictive power of clomiphene citrate challenge test for failure of in vitro fertilization treatment. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2002;81:954–61.Google Scholar
Hendriks, DJ, Broekmans, FJ, Bancsi, LF, de Jong, FH, Looman, CW, Te Velde, ER. Repeated clomiphene citrate challenge testing in the prediction of outcome in IVF: a comparison with basal markers for ovarian reserve. Hum Reprod 2005;20:163–9.Google Scholar
Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Smoking and infertility: a committee opinion. Fertil Steril 2018;110:611–18.Google Scholar
Ladanyi, C, Mor, A, Christianson, MS, Dhillon, N, Segars, JH. Recent advances in the field of ovarian tissue cryopreservation and opportunities for research. J Assist Reprod Genet 2017;34:709–22.Google Scholar
Girum, T, Wasie, A. Return of fertility after discontinuation of contraception: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Contracept Reprod Med 2018;3:9.Google Scholar
Barnhart, KT, Schreiber, CA. Return to fertility following discontinuation of oral contraceptives. Fertil Steril 2009;91:659–63.Google Scholar
Wei, D, Shi, Y, Li, J, et al. Effect of pretreatment with oral contraceptives and progestins on IVF outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod 2017;32:354–61.Google Scholar
Farquhar, C, Rombauts, L, Kremer, JA, Lethaby, A, Ayeleke, RO. Oral contraceptive pill, progestogen or oestrogen pretreatment for ovarian stimulation protocols for women undergoing assisted reproductive techniques. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017;5:CD006109.Google Scholar
Kloss, JD, Perlis, ML, Zamzow, JA, Culnan, EJ, Gracia, CR. Sleep, sleep disturbance, and fertility in women. Sleep Med Rev 2015;22:78–87.Google Scholar
Palomba, S, Daolio, J, Romeo, S, Battaglia, FA, Marci, R, La Sala, GB. Lifestyle and fertility: the influence of stress and quality of life on female fertility. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2018;16:113.Google Scholar
Joseph, DN, Whirledge, S. Stress and the HPA axis: balancing homeostasis and fertility. Int J Mol Sci 2017;18.Google Scholar
Kaser, DJ, Goldman, MB, Fung, JL, Alper, MM, Reindollar, RH. When is clomiphene or gonadotropin intrauterine insemination futile? Results of the Fast Track and Standard Treatment Trial and the Forty and Over Treatment Trial, two prospective randomized controlled trials. Fertil Steril 2014;102:1331–7 e1.Google Scholar
Reindollar, RH, Regan, MM, Neumann, PJ, et al. A randomized clinical trial to evaluate optimal treatment for unexplained infertility: the fast track and standard treatment (FASTT) trial. Fertil Steril 2010;94:888–99.Google Scholar
Mochizuki, L, Gleicher, N. The PGS/PGT-A controversy in IVF addressed as a formal conflict resolution analysis. J Assist Reprod Genet 2020;37:677–87.Google Scholar
Tal, R, Seifer, DB. Ovarian reserve testing: a user’s guide. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017;217:129–40.Google Scholar
Beroukhim, G, Esencan, E, Seifer, DB. Impact of sleep patterns upon female neuroendocrinology and reproductive outcomes: a comprehensive review. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2022;20:16.Google Scholar

References

ASRM. (2021). COVID-19 updates and resources. American Society for Reproductive Medicine. www.asrm.org/news-and-publications/covid-19/Google Scholar
Malave, A. (2020, April 3). ASRM: tips on communicating with your patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. American Society for Reproductive Medicine. www.asrm.org/news-and-publications/news-and-research/announcements/tips-on-communicating-with-your-patients–during-the-covid-19-pandemic/Google Scholar
ARCS/BFS. (2020). ADDENDUM: COVID 19 VACCINATION ARCS-BFS Joint Working Group. British Fertility Society. www.britishfertilitysociety.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/ARCS-BFS-COVID-19-vaccination-addendum-v2-13.1.20-rev2-FINAL.pdfGoogle Scholar
HFEA. (2020). Directions given under the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 (as amended) Covid-19 Treatment Commencement Strategy Ref: 0014 Version:2. Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority. https://portal.hfea.gov.uk/media/1543/2020-04-28-general-direction-0014-version.pdfGoogle Scholar
HFEA. (2021, January 5). Coronavirus (COVID-19) guidance for professionals. Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority. www.hfea.gov.uk/treatments/covid-19-and-fertility-treatment/coronavirus-covid-19-guidance-for-professionals/Google Scholar
RCOG. (2021, January). Coronavirus (COVID-19), pregnancy and women’s health. Royal College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists. www.rcog.org.uk/en/guidelines-research-services/coronavirus-covid-19-pregnancy-and-womens-health/Google Scholar
Department of Health. (2021, January). Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation: advice on priority groups for COVID-19 vaccination, 30 December 2020. GOV.UK. www.gov.uk/government/publications/priority-groups-for-coronavirus-covid-19-vaccination-advice-from-the-jcvi-30-december-2020/joint-committee-on-vaccination-and-immunisation-advice-on-priority-groups-for-covid-19-vaccination-30-december-2020Google Scholar
Romanski, P. A., Bortoletto, P., Rosenwaks, Z., & Schattman, G. L. (2020). Delay in IVF treatment up to 180 days does not affect pregnancy outcomes in women with diminished ovarian reserve. Human Reproduction, 35(7), 1630–1636. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deaa137Google Scholar
Bhattacharya, S., Maheshwari, A., Ratna, M. B., van Eekelen, R., Mol, B. W., & McLernon, D. J. (2020). Prioritizing IVF treatment in the post-COVID 19 era: a predictive modelling study based on UK national data. Human Reproduction, 36(3), 666–675. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deaa339Google Scholar
WSP. (2020). Hospitals after COVID-19: how do we design for an uncertain future? WSP. www.wsp.com/en-GL/insights/hospitals-after-covid-19-how-do-we-design-for-an-uncertain-futureGoogle Scholar
HFEA. (2019, December). Read the Code of Practice. Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority. https://portal.hfea.gov.uk/knowledge-base/read-the-code-of-practice/Google Scholar
BICA. (2019). Guidelines for Good Practice in Fertility Counselling 4th Edition 2019. British Infertility Counselling Association. www.bica.net/item/1/BICA/Guidelines-for-Good-Practice-in-Fertility-Counselling-4th-Edition-2019.htmlGoogle Scholar
ESHRE. (2015, March). Routine psychosocial care in infertility and medically assisted reproduction – a guide for fertility staff. European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. www.eshre.eu/Guidelines-and-Legal/Guidelines/Psychosocial-care-guideline.aspxGoogle Scholar
Gameiro, S., Boivin, J., Dancet, E., Emery, M., Thorn, P., Van den Broeck, U., Venetis, C., Verhaak, C. M., Wischmann, T., & Vermeulen, N. (2016). Qualitative research in the ESHRE Guideline “Routine psychosocial care in infertility and medically assisted reproduction – a guide for staff.” Human Reproduction, 31(8), 1928–1929. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dew155Google Scholar
HFEA. (2018). Pilot national fertility patient survey. Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority. www.hfea.gov.uk/media/2702/pilot-national-fertility-patient-survey-2018.pdf.Google Scholar
Elrod, J. K., & Fortenberry, J. L. (2017). The hub-and-spoke organization design: an avenue for serving patients well. BMC Health Services Research, 17(S1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-017-2341-xGoogle Scholar
Hawkes, N. (2013). Hospitals without walls. BMJ, 347 (Sep 12), f5479–f5479. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f5479Google Scholar
Shamshudin, M., & Nikolaou, D. (2015). A national survey of organizational standards of fertility services. Oral presentation, ESGE, Budapest, 2015. Annual meeting of the European Society of Gynaecological Endocrinology.Google Scholar
Poddar, S., Sanyal, N., & Mukherjee, U. (2014a). Psychological profile of women with infertility: a comparative study. Industrial Psychiatry Journal, 23(2), 117. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-6748.151682Google Scholar
Pistrui, J., & Dimov, D. (2018, October 26). The role of a manager has to change in 5 key ways. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2018/10/the-role-of-a-manager-has-to-change-in-5-key-waysGoogle Scholar
Hollebeek, L. D., & Macky, K. (2019). Digital content marketing’s role in fostering consumer engagement, trust, and value: framework, fundamental propositions, and implications. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 45, 27–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2018.07.003Google Scholar
Campbell, C., Sands, S., Ferraro, C., Tsao, H.-Y. (Jody), & Mavrommatis, A. (2019a). From data to action: how marketers can leverage AI. Business Horizons, 63(2), 227–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2019.12.002Google Scholar
Bartolacci, G. (2019, September 12). What is a customer engagement platform? New Breed. www.newbreedmarketing.com/blog/what-is-a-customer-engagement-platformGoogle Scholar
Clark, N. (2016, June 15). B2B communications is evolving – PR and marketing need to keep up. Marketing Week. www.marketingweek.com/b2b-communications-is-evolving-pr-and-marketing-need-to-keep-up/Google Scholar
Yohn, D. L. (2015, February 3). 7 steps to deliver better customer experiences. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2015/02/7-steps-to-deliver-better-customer-experiences?ab=at_articlepage_relatedarticles_horizontal_slot3Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×