Book contents
- Frontmatter
- 1 Introduction
- 2 The papacy, 1024–1122
- 3 The western empire under the Salians
- 4 Italy in the eleventh century
- (a) Northern and Central Italy in the Eleventh Century
- (b) Southern Italy in the eleventh century
- 5 The kingdom of the Franks to 1108
- 6 Spain in the eleventh century
- 7 England and Normandy 1042–1137
- 8 The Byzantine Empire, 1025–1118
- 9 Kievan Rus’, the Bulgars and the southern Slavs, c. 1020 – c. 1200
- 10 Poland in the eleventh and twelfth centuries
- 11 Scandinavia in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries
- 12 Hungary in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries
- 13 The papacy, 1122–1198
- 14 The western empire, 1125–1197
- 15 Italy in the twelfth century
- 16 Spain in the twelfth century
- 17 The kingdom of the Franks from Louis VI to Philip II
- 18 England and the Angevin dominions, 1137–1204
- 19 Scotland, Wales and Ireland in the Twelfth Century
- 20 The Byzantine Empire, 1118–1204
- 21 The Latin East, 1098–1205
- 22 ’Abbasids, Fatimids and Seljuqs
- 23 Zengids, Ayyubids and Seljuqs
- Appendix: genealogical tables
- List of primary sources
- Bibliography of Secondary Works Arranged by Chapter
- Index
- Map 1a The western empire: Burgundy and Provence in the eleventh century"
- Map 1b The western empire: Germany and the north-eastern frontier of Christendom in the eleventh century"
- Map 3 The kingdom of the Franks"
- Map 4 England and Normandy"
- Map 10 Germany under Frederick Barbarossa, c. 1190">
- Map 12 The Angevin empire"
- References
(b) - Southern Italy in the eleventh century
from 4 - Italy in the eleventh century
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 March 2008
By
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- 1 Introduction
- 2 The papacy, 1024–1122
- 3 The western empire under the Salians
- 4 Italy in the eleventh century
- (a) Northern and Central Italy in the Eleventh Century
- (b) Southern Italy in the eleventh century
- 5 The kingdom of the Franks to 1108
- 6 Spain in the eleventh century
- 7 England and Normandy 1042–1137
- 8 The Byzantine Empire, 1025–1118
- 9 Kievan Rus’, the Bulgars and the southern Slavs, c. 1020 – c. 1200
- 10 Poland in the eleventh and twelfth centuries
- 11 Scandinavia in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries
- 12 Hungary in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries
- 13 The papacy, 1122–1198
- 14 The western empire, 1125–1197
- 15 Italy in the twelfth century
- 16 Spain in the twelfth century
- 17 The kingdom of the Franks from Louis VI to Philip II
- 18 England and the Angevin dominions, 1137–1204
- 19 Scotland, Wales and Ireland in the Twelfth Century
- 20 The Byzantine Empire, 1118–1204
- 21 The Latin East, 1098–1205
- 22 ’Abbasids, Fatimids and Seljuqs
- 23 Zengids, Ayyubids and Seljuqs
- Appendix: genealogical tables
- List of primary sources
- Bibliography of Secondary Works Arranged by Chapter
- Index
- Map 1a The western empire: Burgundy and Provence in the eleventh century"
- Map 1b The western empire: Germany and the north-eastern frontier of Christendom in the eleventh century"
- Map 3 The kingdom of the Franks"
- Map 4 England and Normandy"
- Map 10 Germany under Frederick Barbarossa, c. 1190">
- Map 12 The Angevin empire"
- References
Summary
in the year 1000 southern Italy was divided into three distinct zones. Apulia and Calabria were ruled by the Byzantine empire, the island of Sicily by the Arabs (as it had been since the conquest of the ninth century) and the central mountains and the Campania were divided between three Lombard principalities, those of Capua (from a few miles north of Naples to the Monti Ausoni and the upper valley of the River Liri, the border with the papal states), Salerno in the south (from the Amalfitan peninsula down to the Gulf of Policastro) and Benevento (in the inland mountain district, from Avellino northwards to the Adriatic). In addition, to the north of the principality of Benevento, in the Abruzzi (roughly from the River Trigno northwards), lay a series of independent counties, partly Lombard, partly Frankish in origin, but this region was in almost every aspect, geographic, economic and social, separate from the south proper. On the west coast there were three small duchies, Gaeta, Naples and Amalfi, which had throughout the earlier middle ages retained a determined, if at times precarious, independence from their larger neighbours, the principalities of Capua and Salerno. Both Naples and Amalfi still acknowledged some dependence on the Byzantine empire, largely as a means of protection against the aggressive instincts of the Lombard princes.
Fragmented as the political divisions of southern Italy were, the cultural and religious divide was more complex still, for it did not coincide with the political boundaries. In the Byzantine dominions the population of northern and central Apulia was almost entirely Lombard, by this stage speaking a Latin-Romance dialect, and observing Latin religious rites. Southern Apulia and Lucania were more mixed, although the Greek part of the population was probably in the majority, and had been strengthened in Lucania by emigration from further south during the course of the tenth century. Calabria was mainly, and in the south entirely, Greek, but with still some Lombards in the area north of the Sila Grande which had in the ninth century been part of the principality of Salerno.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The New Cambridge Medieval History , pp. 94 - 119Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2004
References
(1966–1967), ‘Aspetti del dominio bizantio in Capitanata’, Atti dell’Accademia Pontaniana n.s. 16Google Scholar
(1977), ‘Specific motivations and continuing themes in the Norman chronicles of southern Italy in the eleventh and twelfth centuries’, in The Normans in Southern Italy and Sicily: Lincei Lectures 1974, OxfordGoogle Scholar
(1907), Histoire de la Domination Normande en Italie et en Sicile, 2 vols., Paris
(1968), ‘Patterns in medieval trade: the commerce of Amalfi before the Crusades’, Journal of Economic History 28Google Scholar
(1982–1983), ‘Stepping stones in the making of the regno’, Bullettino dell’Istituto Storico Italiano per il Medio Evo e 90Google Scholar
(1983), The Age of Abbot Desiderius, Montecassino, the Papacy and the Normans in the Eleventh and Early Twelfth Centuries, Oxford
(1978), Storiografia e politica nell’Italia normanna, Naples
(1989), ‘Servi e liberi’, in Uomo e ambiente nel Mezzogiorno normannosvevo (Centro di Studi Normanno-Svevi 8), BariGoogle Scholar
(1969), Das Papsttum und die süditalienischen Normannestaaten 1053–1212, Göttingen
(1972), Papsttum und Normannen, Cologne
(1974), Papsttum und Normannen: Untersuchungen zu ihren lehnsrechtlichen und kirchenpolitischen Beziehungen, Cologne and Vienna
(1979), Montecassino und die Laien im 11. und 12. Jahrhundert, Stuttgart
(1967), Untersuchungen über die byzantinische Herrschaft in Süditalien vom 9. bis ins 11. Jahrhundert, Wiesbaden
(1975), ‘Aspetti storico-economici dell’età di Roberto il Guiscardo’, in Roberto di Guiscardo e il suo tempo: relazioni e communicazioni nelle prime giornate normanno-sveve, BariGoogle Scholar
(1977), ‘I ceti dirigenti prenormanni al tempo della costituzione degli stati normanni nell’Italia meridionale e in Sicilia’, in (ed.), Forma di potere e struttura sociale in Italia nel medioevo, BolognaGoogle Scholar
(1998), Les Abruzzes médiévales: territoire, économies et société en Italie centrale du IXe au XIIe siècle, Rome
(1977), ‘L’organizzazione ecclesiastica dell’Italia normanna tra l’XI e il XII secolo: i nuovi assetti istituzionali’, in Le istituzioni ecclesiastiche della ‘Societas Christiana’ dei secoli XI e XII (Miscellanea del Centro di Studi Medievali 7), MilanGoogle Scholar
(1991), ‘The occasion of the coming of the Normans to southern Italy’, Journal of Medieval History 17Google Scholar
(1977), ‘Social and political developments in the eleventh and twelfth centuries’, in The Normans in Southern Italy and Sicily: Lincei Lectures 1974, OxfordGoogle Scholar
(1904), L’Italie méridionale et l’empire byzantin depuis l’avènement de Basile Ier jusqu’à la prise de Bari par les Normands (867–1071), Paris
(1963), ‘Inchiesta sulla populazione greca della Sicilia e della Calabria nel medio evo’, Rivista Storica Italiana 75:(repr. in Guillou (1970))Google Scholar
(1965), ‘La Lucanie byzantine: étude de géographie historique’, Byzantion, 35: (repr. in Guillou (1970))Google Scholar
(1970), Studies on Byzantine Italy, London
(1974), ‘Production and profits in the Byzantine province of Italy (tenth to eleventh centuries): an expanding society’, Dumbarton Oaks Papers 28:(repr. in Guillou (1978))Google Scholar
(1978), Culture et société en Italie byzantine (VIe–Xle siècles), London
(1969), ‘Die Anfänge der Normannen in Süditalien’, Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken 49Google Scholar
(1978), ‘Langobarden, Normannen, Päpste: zum Legitimationsproblem in Unteritalien’, Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken 58Google Scholar
(1989), Tra Roma e Palermo: aspetti e momenti del mezzogiorno medioevale, Galatina
(1995), Die Abtei Venosa und das Mönchtum im normannisch-staufischen Suditalien, Tübingen
(1989), Untersuchungen zur normannischer Herrschaft in Süditalien (1040–1100), Frankfurt
(1977), ‘Vescovi e diocesi dell’Italia meridionale nel passagio dalla dominazione bizantina allo stato normanno’, in (ed.), Forma di potere e struttura sociale in Italia nel medioevo, BolognaGoogle Scholar
(1981a), ‘How “Norman” was the Norman Conquest of southern Italy?’, Nottingham Medieval Studies 25Google Scholar
(1981b), ‘A calendar of the diplomas of the Norman princes of Capua’, Papers of the British School at Rome 49Google Scholar
(1985), Church and Society in the Norman Principality of Capua 1058–1197, Oxford
(1987), ‘The abbey of Cava, its property and benefactors in the Norman era’, in (ed.), Anglo-Norman Studies 9: Papers from the Battle Conference 1986, WoodbridgeGoogle Scholar
(1988), ‘Byzantine Italy and the Normans’, in (ed.), Byzantium and the West c. 850–c. 1200: Proceedings of the XVIII Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, AmsterdamGoogle Scholar
(1992), ‘Churches and churchmen in an age of conquest: southern Italy 1030–1130’, Haskins Society Journal 4:(repr. in Loud (1999b))Google Scholar
(1996), ‘Continuity and change in Norman Italy: the Campania during the eleventh and twelfth centuries’, Journal of Medieval History 22:(repr. in Loud (1999b))Google Scholar
(1999a), ‘Coinage, wealth and plunder in the age of Robert Guiscard’, English Historical Review 114Google Scholar
(1999b), Conquerors and Churchmen in Norman Italy, Aldershot
(2000), The Age of Robert Guiscard: Southern Italy and the Norman Conquest, Harlow
and (eds.) (2002), The Society of Norman Italy, Leiden
(1958–1959), ‘La byzantinisation religieuse de l’Italie méridionale (IX-XIIe siècles) et la politique monastique des Normans d’Italie’, Revue d’Histoire Ecclésiastique 53; 54Google Scholar
(1975a), ‘Pesanteur et étiologie de la colonisation normande de l’Italie’, in Roberto il Guiscardo e il suo tempo: relazioni e communicazioni nelle prime giornate normanno-sveve, BariGoogle Scholar
(1975b), ‘Inventaire des familles normandes et franques emigrées en Italie méridionale et en Sicile (XIe–XIIe siècles)’, in Roberto il Guiscardo e il suo tempo: relazioni e communicazioni nelle prime giornate normanno-sveve, BariGoogle Scholar
(1993), La Pouille du VIe au XIIe siècle, Rome
(1967), The Normans in the South, London
(1947), Il monachismo basiliano nella Sicilia medievale, rinascita e decadenza sec. XI-XIV, Rome
(1978), Amalfi im frühen Mittelalter (9.–11. Jahrhundert), Tübingen
(1995), Family Power in Southern Italy: The Duchy of Gaeta and its Neighbours, 850–1139, Cambridge
(1991), Le Principauté lombarde de Salerne (IXe–Xle siècle): pouvoir et société en Italie lombarde méridionale, 2 vols., Rome
(1996), La Terreur du monde: Robert Guiscard et la conquête normande en Italie, Paris
(1970), I Normanni in Italia: linee di ricerca sui primi insediamenti, 1: Aspetti politici e militari, Messina
(1977), ‘Populazione, distribuzione della terra e classi sociali nella Sicilia di Ruggero il Granconte’, in Ruggero il Gran Conte e l’inizio dello stato normanno: relazione e communicazioni nelle seconde giornate normanno-sveve, BariGoogle Scholar
(1983), ‘La monarchia normanna e sveva’, in (ed.), IlMezzogiorno dai Bizantini a Federico II, Turin, chs. 1–4Google Scholar
(1995), La monetazione nell’Italia normanna, Rome
(1930–1931), ‘Benevent als Territorium des Kirchenstaates bis zum Beginn der Avignonesischen Epoche. I. Bis zum Ausgang der normanischn Dynastie’, Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken 22Google Scholar
T (1938), Latin Monasticism in Norman Sicily, Cambridge, MA
(1995), Making History: The Normans and their Historians in Southern Italy, Philadelphia
- 2
- Cited by