Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-01T00:14:19.041Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

6 - The Early History of Weaving in West Africa

A Review of the Evidence

from Part II - Technological Mobility and Transfers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2020

C. N. Duckworth
Affiliation:
University of Newcastle upon Tyne
A. Cuénod
Affiliation:
University of Leicester
D. J. Mattingly
Affiliation:
University of Leicester
Get access

Summary

In this chapter the early history of weaving in West Africa is discussed in the light of archaeological evidence. The oldest preserved textiles in West Africa were discovered at Kissi in Burkina Faso and dated to the early first millennium AD. They add to the small corpus of first millennium AD textile finds and push back in time the evidence for the demand and use of cloth in sub-Saharan Africa. However, it is unclear whether these earliest textile finds mark the beginning of a weaving tradition south of the Sahara. Rather, archaeological and historical evidence seem to indicate that local woven textile production began relatively late in West Africa, towards the end of the first millennium AD, possibly accelerated by long-distance connections with the north or north-east and the spread of Islam.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bedaux, R.M.A. 1972. Tellem, reconnaissance archéologique d’une culture de l’Ouest africain au Moyen Age: Recherches architectoniques. Journal de la Société des Africanistes 42.2: 103–85.Google Scholar
Bedaux, R.M.A. 1993. Les plus anciens tissus de l’Afrique de l’Ouest. In Devisse, J (ed.), Vallées du Niger, Paris: Editions de la Réunion des Musées nationales, 456–63.Google Scholar
Bedaux, R.M.A. and Bolland, R. 1980. Tellem, reconnaissance archéologique d’une culture de l’Ouest africain au Moyen-Age: Les textiles. Journal des Africanistes 50.1: 923.Google Scholar
Bender Jørgensen, L. 2017. Textiles and textile trade in the first millennium AD: Evidence from Egypt. In Mattingly et al. 2017, 231–58.Google Scholar
Berthier, S. 1997. Recherches archéologiques sur la capitale de l’empire de Ghana: Etude d’un secteur d’habitat à Koumbi Saleh, Mauritanie: Campagnes II–III–IV–V, (1975–1976) – (1980–1981). BAR International Series 680. Oxford: Archaeopress.Google Scholar
Bolland, R. 1991. Tellem Textiles: Archaeological Finds from Burial Caves in Mali’s Bandiagara Cliff. Leiden: Tropenmuseum and Royal Tropical Institute.Google Scholar
Boser-Sarivaxévanis, R. 1972. Les tissus de l’Afrique Occidentale. Basel: Basler Beiträge zur Ethnologie.Google Scholar
Camps, G. 1974. L’âge du tombeau de Tin Hinan, ancêtre des Touareg du Hoggar. Zephyrus 25: 497516.Google Scholar
Connah, G. 1981. Three Thousand Years in Africa: Man and His Environment in the Lake Chad Region of Nigeria. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Edwards, D.N., Mattingly, D.J., Daniels, C.M. and Hawthorne, J. 2010. Excavations of other Garamantian cemeteries and burials. In Mattingly 2010, 343–74.Google Scholar
Filipowiak, W. 1979. Etudes archéologiques sur la capitale médiévale du Mali. Szczecin: Muzeum Narodowe.Google Scholar
Gado, B. 1993. Un ‘village des morts’ à Bura en République du Niger: Un site méthodiquement fouillé fournit d’irremplaçables informations. In Devisse, J (ed.), Vallées du Niger, Paris: Editions de la Réunion des Musées Nationaux, 365–74.Google Scholar
Haour, A., Manning, K., Arazi, N., Gosselain, O., Guèye, N.S., Keita, D., Livingstone Smith, A., MacDonald, K., Mayor, A., McIntosh, S. and Vernet, R. 2010. African Pottery Roulettes Past and Present: Techniques, Identification and Distribution. Oxford: Oxbow Books.Google Scholar
Hoffmann, B., Mattingly, D.J., Tagart, C., Cole, F. and Wild, J.P. 2010. Non-Ceramic finds from CMD’s excavations and the work of M.S. Ayoub. In Mattingly 2010, 411–88.Google Scholar
Holl, A., Bocoum, H., Dueppen, S. and Gallagher, D. 2007. Switching mortuary codes and ritual programs: The double-monolith-circle from Sine-Ngayène, Senegal. Journal of African Archaeology 5.1: 127–48.Google Scholar
Insoll, T. 1996. Islam, Archaeology and History: Gao Region (Mali) ca. AD 900–1250. Oxford: Tempus Reparatum, BAR International Series 647.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, M. 1977. Cloth strips and history. West African Journal of Archaeology 7: 169–78.Google Scholar
Kriger, C.E. 2006. Cloth in West African History. Lanham: Altamira Press.Google Scholar
Levtzion, N. and Hopkins, J.F. (eds) 1981. Corpus of Early Arabic Sources for West African History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Linseele, V. 2007. Archaeofaunal Remains from the Past 4000 Years in Sahelian West Africa: Domestic Livestock, Subsistence Strategies and Environmental Changes. BAR International Series 1658, Cambridge Monographs in African Archaeology 70. Oxford: Archaeopress.Google Scholar
Liverani, M. (ed.) 2006. Aghram Nadharif: The Barkat Oasis (Sha’abiya of Ghat, Libyan Sahara) in Garamantian Times. The Archaeology of Libyan Sahara Volume 2. Firenze: All’Insegna del Giglio.Google Scholar
MacDonald, K.C. and MacDonald, R.H. 2000. The origins and development of domesticated animals in arid West Africa. In Blench, R.M. and MacDonald, K.C. (eds), The Origins and Development of African Livestock: Archaeology, Genetics, Linguistics and Ethnography, London: Routledge, 127–63.Google Scholar
Magnavita, S. 2008. The oldest textiles from sub-Saharan West Africa: Woolen facts from Kissi, Burkina Faso. Journal of African Archaeology 6.2: 243–57.Google Scholar
Magnavita, S. 2015. 1500 Jahre am Mare de Kissi: Eine Fallstudie zur Besiedlungsgeschichte des Sahel von Burkina Faso. Frankfurt am Main: Africa Magna Verlag.Google Scholar
Maspero, A., Bruni, S., Cattaneo, C. and Lovisolo, A. 2002. Textiles and leather: Raw materials and manufacture. In di Lernia, S and Manzi, G (eds), Sand, Stones and Bones: The Archaeology of Death in the Wadi Tanezzuft Valley (5000–2000 BP), The Archaeology of Libyan Sahara I, Arid Zone Archaeology Monographs 3, Firenze: All’Insegna del Giglio, 157–68.Google Scholar
Mattingly, D.J. (ed.) 2010. The Archaeology of Fazzan. Volume 3, Excavations of C.M. Daniels. London: Society for Libyan Studies, Department of Antiquities.Google Scholar
Mattingly, D.J. and Cole, F. 2017. Visible and invisible commodities of trade: The significance of organic materials in Saharan trade. In Mattingly et al. 2017, 211–30.Google Scholar
Mattingly, D.J., Thomas, D.C., Meadows, J., Pelling, R., Dore, J.N. and Edwards, D. 2007. AMS and radiometric radiocarbon dates from the CMD work and FP. In Mattingly, D.J. (ed.), The Archaeology of Fazzan. Volume 2, Site Gazetteer, Pottery and Other Survey Finds, London: Society for Libyan Studies, Department of Antiquities.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mattingly, D., Dore, J., Lahr, M., Ahmed, M., Cole, F., Crisp, J. and Moussa, F. 2008. DMP II: 2008 fieldwork on burials and identity in the Wadi al-Ajal. Libyan Studies 39: 223–62.Google Scholar
Mattingly, D.J., Hawthorne, J. and Daniels, C.M. 2010. Excavations at the Classic Garamantian settlement of Saniat Jibril (GER002). In Mattingly 2010, 123204.Google Scholar
Mattingly, D.J., Leitch, V., Duckworth, C.N., Cuénod, A., Sterry, M. and Cole, F. 2017. Trade in the Ancient Sahara and Beyond. Trans-Saharan Archaeology, Volume 1. Series editor Mattingly, D.J.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mauny, R. 1961. Tableau géographique de l’Ouest africain au Moyen-âge: D’après les sources écrites, la tradition et l’archéologie. Dakar: IFAN.Google Scholar
Mayor, A. 2011. Traditions céramiques dans la boucle du Niger: Ethnoarchéologie et histoire du peuplement au temps des empires précoloniaux. Journal of African Archaeology Monograph Series 7. Frankfurt am Main: Africa Magna Verlag.Google Scholar
Mayor, A., Huysecom, E., Ozainne, S. and Magnavita, S. 2014. Early social complexity in the Dogon Country (Mali) as evidenced by a new chronology of funerary practices. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 34: 1741.Google Scholar
McIntosh, S.K. 1995. Excavations at Jenné-Jeno, Hambarketolo, and Kaniana (Inland Niger Delta, Mali), the 1981 Season. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Mori, L. 2006a. The excavation of residential unit AN9-13. In Liverani 2006, 121–33.Google Scholar
Mori, L. 2006b. The loom weights. In Liverani, M (ed.), Aghram Nadharif: The Barkat Oasis (Sha’abiya of Ghat, Libyan Sahara) in Garamantian Times, The Archaeology of Libyan Sahara, Volume 2, Firenze: All’Insegna del Giglio, 319–21.Google Scholar
Paris, F. 1996. Les sépultures du Sahara nigérien du Néolithique à l’islamisation, 1: Coutumes funéraires, chronologie, civilisations. Paris: Orstom.Google Scholar
Paris, F., Roset, J.-P. and Saliège, J.-F. 1986. Une sépulture musulmane ancienne dans l’Air séptentrional (Niger). Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, Série 3: Sciences de la Vie 303.12 : 513–18.Google Scholar
Reimer, P.J., Bard, E., Bayliss, A. et al. 2013. INTCAL and MARINE13 radiocarbon age calibration curves 0–50,000 years Cal BP. Radiocarbon 55 (4): 1869–87.Google Scholar
Robert-Chaleix, D. 1983. Fusaioles décorées du site de Tegdaoust. In Devisse, J, Babacar, O and Bah, T.M. (eds), Tegdaoust III: Recherches Sur Aoudaghost (Campagnes 1960–1965, Enquêtes générales), Paris: Éditions Recherche sur les Civilisations (ADPF), 447514.Google Scholar
Schmidt, A. and Bedaux, R. 2006. Fusaioles. In Bedaux, R, Polet, J, Sanogo, K and Schmidt, A (eds), Recherches archéologiques à Dia dans le Delta intérieur du Niger (Mali): Bilan des saisons de fouilles 1998–2003, Mededelingen van het Rijksmuseum voor Volkenkunde 33, Leiden: CNWS Publications, 282–87.Google Scholar
Shaw, T. 1970. Igbo-Ukwu, 2 volumes. London: Faber and Faber.Google Scholar
Shaw, T. 1975. Those Igbo-Ukwu radiocarbon dates: Facts, fictions and probabilities. The Journal of African History 16.4: 503–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shaw, T. 1995. Those Igbo-Ukwu dates again. Nyame Akuma 44: 43.Google Scholar
Thilmans, G. and Ravisé, A. 1980. Protohistoire du Sénégal: Recherches archéologiques, Volume 2. Dakar: IFAN.Google Scholar
Thilmans, G., Ravisé, A., Descamps, C. and Khayat, B. 1980. Protohistoire du Sénégal: Les sites mégalithiques, Volume 1. Dakar: IFAN.Google Scholar
Wiesmüller, B. 2001. Die Entwicklung der Keramik von 3000 BP bis zur Gegenwart in den Tonebenen südlich des Tschadsees. PhD thesis, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main.Google Scholar
Wild, J.P. 1984. Textiles from Building 32. In Brogan, O and Smith (eds), D, Ghirza: A Libyan Settlement in the Roman Period, Tripoli: Department of Antiquities, 291308.Google Scholar
Wilson, R.T. 1991. Small Ruminant Production and the Small Ruminant Genetic Resource in Tropical Africa. FAO Animal Production and Health Paper 88. Rome: FAO.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×