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Chapter D5 - Electrophoresis

from Part D - Hydrodynamics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 November 2012

Igor N. Serdyuk ,
Nathan R. Zaccai  and
Joseph Zaccai
Igor N. Serdyuk
Affiliation:
Institute of Protein Research, Moscow
Nathan R. Zaccai
Affiliation:
University of Bristol
Joseph Zaccai
Affiliation:
Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble
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Summary

Historical review

1920s

M. Smoluchowski and E.Hückel were the first to elaborate the theory of electrophoresis for thin and thick double layers. D. C. Henry provided a theory for the electrophoresis of spherical polyions that was valid for double layers of arbitrary thickness. In the Henry model, charge distribution within the sphere is assumed to be spherically symmetric, and ion relaxation is ignored. In the 1950s a number of investigators (J. Th. G. Oberbeek, F. Booth, P. H. Wiersma) studied the effect of ion relaxation on the electrophoretic mobility of spheres containing a centrosymmetric charge distribution.

1930

A. Tiselius presented a new technique for studying the electrophoretic properties of proteins. He showed that sharp electrophoretic moving boundaries of ionised molecules could be obtained in U-shaped quartz glass tubes and that the protein boundary could be detected with UV light. A. Tiselius described moving boundaries corresponding to albumin, α-, β-, and γ-globulin in serum.

1940s

T. Wieland and E. Fischer proposed the use of filter paper as a supporting medium for electrophoresis. Simplicity of construction, relative cheapness and compactness, and the requirement of much less than 1mg of protein for analytical or diagnostic purposes popularised paper electrophoresis.

1950s

O. Smithies obtained good resolution of proteins using starch gels. Electrophoresis with molecular sieving of a gel gave a much higher resolution than electrophoresis in free solution. In this decade, many materials (like strips of cellulose acetate, agarose) were introduced as supports for electrophoresis.

Type
Chapter
Information
Methods in Molecular Biophysics
Structure, Dynamics, Function
 , pp. 388 - 413
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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References

Vesterberg, O. (1993). A short history of electrophoretic methods. Electrophoresis, 14, 1243–1249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cantor, C., and Schimmel, P. (1980). Biophysical Chemistry. Part II. Technique for the Study of Biological Structure and Function.San Francisco. A. W. H. Freeman and Co.Google Scholar
Holde, K. E., Johnson, W. C., and Ho, S. P. (1998). Principles of Physical Biochemistry. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Skoog, D. A., Holler, F. J., and Neiman, T. A. (1998). Principles of Instrumental Analysis, fifth edition. Philadelphia: Sounders College Publishing.Google Scholar
Walker, J. M. (2000). Electrophoretic techniques. In Principles and Techniques of Practical Biochemistry, Ch. 12, eds. Wilson, K. and Walker, J.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Garfin, D. E. (1995). Electrophoretic methods. In: Introduction to Biophysical Methods for Protein and Nucleic Acid Research, eds. Glaser, J. A. and Deutscher, M. P.. San Diego: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Manning, G. S. (1978). The molecular theory polyelectrolyte solutions with applications to the electrostatic properties of polynucleotides. Q. Rev. Biophys., 11, 179–246.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schmitz, K. S. (1993). Macroions in Solution and Colloidal Suspension. New York: VCH Publishers.Google Scholar
Allison, S. A. (2001). Boundary element modelling of biomolecular transport. Biophys. Chem., 93, 197–213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laue, T. M., Ridgeway, T. M., Wool, J. O., and Shepard, H. K. (1996). Insights into a new analytical electrophoresis apparatus. J. Pharm. Sci., 85, 1331–1335.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stellwagen, N. C., Gelfi, C., and Righetti, P. G. (1997). The free solution mobility of DNA. Biopolymers, 42, 687–703.3.0.CO;2-Q>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weber, K., and Osborn, M. (1969). The reliability of molecular weight determinations by dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. J. Biol. Chem., 244, 4406–4412.Google ScholarPubMed
O'Farrell, P. (1975). High-resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis of protein. J. Biol. Chem., 250, 4007–4021.Google Scholar
Celis, J. E., and Gromov, P. (1999). 2D protein electrophoresis: can it be perfected?. Curr. Opin. Biotech., 10, 16–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grossman, P. D. (1992). Free solution capillary electrophoresis. In Capillary Electrophoresis: Theory and Practice, eds. Grossman, P. D. and Colburn, J. C.. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Karger, B. L., Chu, Y.-H., and Foret, F. (1995). Capillary electrophoresis of proteins and nucleic acids. Annu. Rev. Biophys Biomol. Struct., 24, 579–610.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zubritsky, E. (2002). How analytical chemists saved the human genome project. Anal. Chem., 74, 23A–26A.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chen, X., Wu, H., Mao, C. and Whitesides, G. M. (2002). A prototype two-dimensional capillary electrophoresis system fabricated in poly(dimethylsiloxane). Anal. Chem., 74, 1772–1778.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plenert, M. L., and Shear, J. B. (2003). Microsecond electrophoresis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 100, 3853–3857.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Colon, L. A., Guo, Y., and Fermier, A. (1997). Capillary electrochromatography. Anal. Chem. News, 69, 461A–467A.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Unger, K. K., Huber, M., Walhagen, K., Hennessy, T. P., and Hearn, M. T. W. (2002). A critical appraisal of capillary electrochromatography. Anal. Chem., 74, 200A–207A.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vesterberg, O. (1993). A short history of electrophoretic methods. Electrophoresis, 14, 1243–1249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cantor, C., and Schimmel, P. (1980). Biophysical Chemistry. Part II. Technique for the Study of Biological Structure and Function.San Francisco. A. W. H. Freeman and Co.Google Scholar
Holde, K. E., Johnson, W. C., and Ho, S. P. (1998). Principles of Physical Biochemistry. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Skoog, D. A., Holler, F. J., and Neiman, T. A. (1998). Principles of Instrumental Analysis, fifth edition. Philadelphia: Sounders College Publishing.Google Scholar
Walker, J. M. (2000). Electrophoretic techniques. In Principles and Techniques of Practical Biochemistry, Ch. 12, eds. Wilson, K. and Walker, J.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Garfin, D. E. (1995). Electrophoretic methods. In: Introduction to Biophysical Methods for Protein and Nucleic Acid Research, eds. Glaser, J. A. and Deutscher, M. P.. San Diego: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Manning, G. S. (1978). The molecular theory polyelectrolyte solutions with applications to the electrostatic properties of polynucleotides. Q. Rev. Biophys., 11, 179–246.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schmitz, K. S. (1993). Macroions in Solution and Colloidal Suspension. New York: VCH Publishers.Google Scholar
Allison, S. A. (2001). Boundary element modelling of biomolecular transport. Biophys. Chem., 93, 197–213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laue, T. M., Ridgeway, T. M., Wool, J. O., and Shepard, H. K. (1996). Insights into a new analytical electrophoresis apparatus. J. Pharm. Sci., 85, 1331–1335.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stellwagen, N. C., Gelfi, C., and Righetti, P. G. (1997). The free solution mobility of DNA. Biopolymers, 42, 687–703.3.0.CO;2-Q>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weber, K., and Osborn, M. (1969). The reliability of molecular weight determinations by dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. J. Biol. Chem., 244, 4406–4412.Google ScholarPubMed
O'Farrell, P. (1975). High-resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis of protein. J. Biol. Chem., 250, 4007–4021.Google Scholar
Celis, J. E., and Gromov, P. (1999). 2D protein electrophoresis: can it be perfected?. Curr. Opin. Biotech., 10, 16–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grossman, P. D. (1992). Free solution capillary electrophoresis. In Capillary Electrophoresis: Theory and Practice, eds. Grossman, P. D. and Colburn, J. C.. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Karger, B. L., Chu, Y.-H., and Foret, F. (1995). Capillary electrophoresis of proteins and nucleic acids. Annu. Rev. Biophys Biomol. Struct., 24, 579–610.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zubritsky, E. (2002). How analytical chemists saved the human genome project. Anal. Chem., 74, 23A–26A.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chen, X., Wu, H., Mao, C. and Whitesides, G. M. (2002). A prototype two-dimensional capillary electrophoresis system fabricated in poly(dimethylsiloxane). Anal. Chem., 74, 1772–1778.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plenert, M. L., and Shear, J. B. (2003). Microsecond electrophoresis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 100, 3853–3857.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Colon, L. A., Guo, Y., and Fermier, A. (1997). Capillary electrochromatography. Anal. Chem. News, 69, 461A–467A.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Unger, K. K., Huber, M., Walhagen, K., Hennessy, T. P., and Hearn, M. T. W. (2002). A critical appraisal of capillary electrochromatography. Anal. Chem., 74, 200A–207A.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

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  • Electrophoresis
  • Igor N. Serdyuk, Institute of Protein Research, Moscow, Nathan R. Zaccai, University of Bristol, Joseph Zaccai, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble
  • Book: Methods in Molecular Biophysics
  • Online publication: 05 November 2012
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511811166.018
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Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Electrophoresis
  • Igor N. Serdyuk, Institute of Protein Research, Moscow, Nathan R. Zaccai, University of Bristol, Joseph Zaccai, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble
  • Book: Methods in Molecular Biophysics
  • Online publication: 05 November 2012
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511811166.018
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Electrophoresis
  • Igor N. Serdyuk, Institute of Protein Research, Moscow, Nathan R. Zaccai, University of Bristol, Joseph Zaccai, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble
  • Book: Methods in Molecular Biophysics
  • Online publication: 05 November 2012
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511811166.018
Available formats
×