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Chapter D4 - Analytical ultracentrifugation

from Part D - Hydrodynamics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 November 2012

Igor N. Serdyuk ,
Nathan R. Zaccai  and
Joseph Zaccai
Igor N. Serdyuk
Affiliation:
Institute of Protein Research, Moscow
Nathan R. Zaccai
Affiliation:
University of Bristol
Joseph Zaccai
Affiliation:
Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble
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Summary

Historical review

1913

A. Dumansky proposed the use of ultracentrifugation to determine the dimensions of colloidal particles.

1923

T. Svedberg and J. B. Nichols constructed the first centrifuge with an optical system to follow particle behaviour in a centrifugal field. One year later, Svedberg noted the decrease in absorbance at the top of the cell during centrifugation of a haemoglobin solution.

1926

Svedberg made the first measurements of protein molecular weights (haemoglobin and ovalbumin) by sedimentation equilibrium and in 1927 he determined the molecular weight of haemoglobin using a combination of sedimentation and diffusion data. These pioneering studies led to the undeniable conclusion that proteins are truly macromolecules, made up of a large number of atoms linked by covalent bonds (Comment D4.1).

(Comment D4.1)

It is interesting to note that Theodor Svedberg was awarded the Nobel prize for his work on colloidal systems and not for inventing the analytical centrifuge.

1929

O. Lamm deduced a general equation describing the behaviour of the moving boundary in the ultracentrifuge field. The exact solution of the equation is an infinite series of integrals, which can be computed only by numerical integration. In later work, the Lamm equation was solved analytically for specific limiting cases (H. Faxen, W. J. Archibald, H. Fujita).

1930s

Schlieren optical systems were designed by J. St. L. Philpot and H. Svenson, and independently by L. G. Longsworth; these allowed a representation of the concentration gradient (or, more precisely, the refractive index increment) as a function of distance in the centrifuge sample cell.

Type
Chapter
Information
Methods in Molecular Biophysics
Structure, Dynamics, Function
 , pp. 339 - 387
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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References

Schachman, H. K. (1989). Analytical ultracentrifugation reborn. Nature, 341, 259–260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schachman, H. K. (1992). Is there a future for the ultracentrifuge? In Analytical Ultracentrifugation in Biochemistry and Polymer Science, eds. Harding, S. E., Rowe, A. J. and Horton, J. C.. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry.Google Scholar
Schachman, H. K. (1959). Ultracentrifugation in Biochemistry. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Ralston, G. (1993). Introduction to Analytical Ultracentrifugation. Fullerton, CA: Beckman Instruments.Google Scholar
Geibeler, R. (1992). The Optima XL-A: A new analytical ultracentrifuge with a novel precision absorption optical system. In Analytical Ultracentrifugation in Biochemistry and Polymer Science, eds. Harding, S. E., Rowe, A. J. and Horton, J. C.. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry,Google Scholar
Holde, K. E., Johnson, W. C., and Ho, S. P. (1998). Principles of Physical Biochemistry. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Holde, K. E. (1975). Sedimentation analysis of proteins. In The Proteins, third edition., eds. Neurath, H. and Hill, R. I., Volume VI, pp. 225–291. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Perkins, S. J. (1986). Protein volumes and hydration effects: the calculation of partial specific volumes, neutron scattering matchpoints and 280 nm absorption coefficients for proteins and glycoproteins from amino acid sequences. Eur. J. Biochem., 157, 169–180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harding, S. E., Rowe, A. J., and Horton, J. C. (eds.) (1992). Analytical Ultracentrifugation in Biochemistry and Polymer Science. Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry.Google Scholar
Stafford, W. F. III (1994). Boundary analysis in sedimentation velocity experiments. Methods Enzymol., 240, 478–501.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harding, S. E. (1994). Determination of macromolecular homogeneity, shape, and interactions using sedimentation velocity analytical centrifugation. In Methods in Molecular Biology, eds. Jones, MC., Mulloy, B. and Thomas, S., Volume 22. Microscopy, Optical Spectroscopy, and Macroscopic Techniques. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press.Google Scholar
Hansen, J. C., Lebowitz, J., and Demeler, B. (1994). Analytical utracentrifugation of complex macromolecular systems. Biochemistry, 33, 13155–13163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hensley, P. (1996). Defining the structure and stability of macromolecular assemblies in solution: the re-emergence of analytical ultracentrifugation as a practical tool. Structure, 4, 367–373.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Laue, T. M., and Stafford, W. F. III (1999). Modern application of analytical ultracentrifugation. Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct., 28, 75–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carruthers, L. M., Schirf, V. R., Demeller, B., and Hansen, J. C. (2000). Sedimentation velocity analysis of macromolecular assemblies. Methods Enzymol., 321, 67Google ScholarPubMed
Shuck, P. (2000). Size distribution analysis of macromolecules by sedimentation velocity ultracentrifugation and Lamm equation modelling. Biophys. J., 78, 1606–1619.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cantor, C., and Schimmel, P. (1980). Biophysical Chemistry. Part II. Technique for the Study of Biological Structure and Function. San Francisco, CA: W. H. Freeman and Company.Google Scholar
Oberfelder, R. W., Consler, T. G., and Lee, J. C. (1985). Measurement of changes of hydrodynamic properties by sedimentation. Meth. Enzymol., 117, 27–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schuster, T. M., and Laue, T. M. (1994). Modern Analytical Ultracentrifugation. Boston, MA: Birkhauser.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laue, T. M. (1995). Sedimentation equilibrium as thermodynamic tool. In Methods in Enzymology, eds. Ackers, G. K. and Jonson, M. L. V, pp. 427–452. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Schachman, H. K. (1989). Analytical ultracentrifugation reborn. Nature, 341, 259–260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schachman, H. K. (1992). Is there a future for the ultracentrifuge? In Analytical Ultracentrifugation in Biochemistry and Polymer Science, eds. Harding, S. E., Rowe, A. J. and Horton, J. C.. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry.Google Scholar
Schachman, H. K. (1959). Ultracentrifugation in Biochemistry. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Ralston, G. (1993). Introduction to Analytical Ultracentrifugation. Fullerton, CA: Beckman Instruments.Google Scholar
Geibeler, R. (1992). The Optima XL-A: A new analytical ultracentrifuge with a novel precision absorption optical system. In Analytical Ultracentrifugation in Biochemistry and Polymer Science, eds. Harding, S. E., Rowe, A. J. and Horton, J. C.. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry,Google Scholar
Holde, K. E., Johnson, W. C., and Ho, S. P. (1998). Principles of Physical Biochemistry. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Holde, K. E. (1975). Sedimentation analysis of proteins. In The Proteins, third edition., eds. Neurath, H. and Hill, R. I., Volume VI, pp. 225–291. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Perkins, S. J. (1986). Protein volumes and hydration effects: the calculation of partial specific volumes, neutron scattering matchpoints and 280 nm absorption coefficients for proteins and glycoproteins from amino acid sequences. Eur. J. Biochem., 157, 169–180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harding, S. E., Rowe, A. J., and Horton, J. C. (eds.) (1992). Analytical Ultracentrifugation in Biochemistry and Polymer Science. Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry.Google Scholar
Stafford, W. F. III (1994). Boundary analysis in sedimentation velocity experiments. Methods Enzymol., 240, 478–501.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harding, S. E. (1994). Determination of macromolecular homogeneity, shape, and interactions using sedimentation velocity analytical centrifugation. In Methods in Molecular Biology, eds. Jones, MC., Mulloy, B. and Thomas, S., Volume 22. Microscopy, Optical Spectroscopy, and Macroscopic Techniques. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press.Google Scholar
Hansen, J. C., Lebowitz, J., and Demeler, B. (1994). Analytical utracentrifugation of complex macromolecular systems. Biochemistry, 33, 13155–13163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hensley, P. (1996). Defining the structure and stability of macromolecular assemblies in solution: the re-emergence of analytical ultracentrifugation as a practical tool. Structure, 4, 367–373.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Laue, T. M., and Stafford, W. F. III (1999). Modern application of analytical ultracentrifugation. Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct., 28, 75–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carruthers, L. M., Schirf, V. R., Demeller, B., and Hansen, J. C. (2000). Sedimentation velocity analysis of macromolecular assemblies. Methods Enzymol., 321, 67Google ScholarPubMed
Shuck, P. (2000). Size distribution analysis of macromolecules by sedimentation velocity ultracentrifugation and Lamm equation modelling. Biophys. J., 78, 1606–1619.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cantor, C., and Schimmel, P. (1980). Biophysical Chemistry. Part II. Technique for the Study of Biological Structure and Function. San Francisco, CA: W. H. Freeman and Company.Google Scholar
Oberfelder, R. W., Consler, T. G., and Lee, J. C. (1985). Measurement of changes of hydrodynamic properties by sedimentation. Meth. Enzymol., 117, 27–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schuster, T. M., and Laue, T. M. (1994). Modern Analytical Ultracentrifugation. Boston, MA: Birkhauser.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laue, T. M. (1995). Sedimentation equilibrium as thermodynamic tool. In Methods in Enzymology, eds. Ackers, G. K. and Jonson, M. L. V, pp. 427–452. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar

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