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We will work in natural units in which ħ = c = 1. In these units, all dimensionful quantities have dimensions of mass to some power. One way to convert from mass (g) to length (cm) and time (s), is to remember the values for the Planck mass, time, and length: mP = 1.2 × 1019 GeV, tP = 5.4 × 10−43 s, lP = 1.6 × 10−33 cm. Also, mPtP = 1 = mPlP in natural units. It is also useful to remember mP = 2.2 × 10−5 g and, when dealing with magnetic fields, the conversion: 1 Gauss = 1.95 × 10−20 GeV2. In addition, for cosmological estimates it is convenient to know that 1 pc = 3.1 × 1018 cm.
The metric signature is taken to be (+,−,−,−).
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