Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-03T07:58:53.493Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

References

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 May 2022

Jonathan J. Kinkel
Jonathan J. Kinkel
Affiliation:
Arizona State University
Get access

Summary

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Growth and Survival
An Ecological Analysis of Court Reform in Urban China
 , pp. 168 - 182
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abbott, A. (1988). The system of professions: An essay on the division of expert labor. University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abbott, A. (2005). Linked ecologies. Sociological Theory, 23(3), 245–274. https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.0735-2751.2005.00253.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ahl, B. (2014). Retaining judicial professionalism: The new guiding cases mechanism of the supreme people’s court. The China Quarterly, 217, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741013001471CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alford, W. P. (1995). Tasselled loafers for barefoot lawyers: Transformation and tension in the world of Chinese legal workers. The China Quarterly, 141, 22–38. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741000032896Google Scholar
Alford, W. P. (2010). “Second lawyers, first principles”: Lawyers, rice-roots legal workers, and the battle over legal professionalism in China. In Alford, W. P., Kirby, W., & Winston, K. (Eds.), Prospects for the professions in China (pp. 48–77). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203843024CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amnesty International. (2018). Death sentences. In Death sentences and executions 2017. www.amnesty.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/amnesty-report-deathpenalty-2018.pdfGoogle Scholar
Baker, G. P., Jensen, M. C., & Murphy, K. J. (1988). Compensation and incentives: Practice vs. theory. The Journal of Finance, 43(3), 593–616. https://doi/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1988.tb04593.x/fullGoogle Scholar
Balme, S. (2009). Ordinary justice and popular constitutionalism in China. In Balme, S. & Dowdle, M. W. (Eds.), Building constitutionalism in China (pp. 179–198). Palgrave MacMillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnett, A. D., & Vogel, E. F. (1967). Cadres, bureaucracy, and political power in communist China. Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Baum, L. (2006). Judges and their audiences: A perspective on judicial behavior. Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
BBC News. (2014, January 26). China court sentences Xu Zhiyong to four years in jail. www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-25900272Google Scholar
BBC News. (2019, December 13). Hong Kong–China extradition plans explained. www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-47810723Google Scholar
BBC News. (2020a, January 16). A quick guide to the US–China trade war. www.bbc.com/news/business-45899310Google Scholar
BBC News. (2020b, May 28). Hong Kong security legislation backed by China’s parliament. www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-52829176Google Scholar
Bennett, A., & Elman, C. (2006). Qualitative research: Recent developments in case-study methods. Annual Review of Political Science, 9(1), 455–476. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.8.082103.104918CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Black, D. (n.d.). The behavior of law (2nd ed.). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.Google Scholar
Black, M., Moffitt, R., & Warner, J. (1990). The dynamics of job separation: The case of federal employees. Journal of Applied Economics, 245(5), 245–262.Google Scholar
Blecher, M. (2003). China against the tides (2nd ed.). Continuum.Google Scholar
Bodde, D., & Morris, C. (1967). Law in imperial China. Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borjas, G. J. (1982). Labor turnover in the U.S. federal bureaucracy. Journal of Public Economics, 19, 187–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-2727(82)90042-1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bourdieu, P. (1987). The force of law: Toward a sociology of the juridical field. Hastings Law Journal, 38, 805–853.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, P., & Wacquant, L. J. D. (1992). An invitation to reflexive sociology. University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Boylan, R. (2004). Salaries, turnover, and performance in the federal criminal justice system. Law and Economics, 47(1), 75–92.Google Scholar
Branigan, T. (2009, July 30). Chinese police detain human rights lawyer. The Guardian. www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jul/30/china-human-rights-lawyerGoogle Scholar
Brødsgaard, K. E. (2002). Institutional reform and the bianzhi system in China. The China Quarterly, 170(June), 361–386. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0009443902000232CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brødsgaard, K. E. (2012). Cadre and personnel management in the CPC. China: An International Journal, 10(2), 69–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brinks, D. M. (2008). The judicial response to police killings in Latin America. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Brinks, D. M., & Blass, A. (2018). The DNA of constitutional justice in Latin America. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buckley, C., & Bradsher, K. (2018, February 25). China moves to let Xi stay in power by abolishing term limit. The New York Times.Google Scholar
Burns, J. P., & Wang, X. (2010). Civil service reform in China: Impacts on civil servants’ behavior. The China Quarterly, 201, 58–78. https://doi.org/10.1017/S030574100999107XCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cai, Y., & Yang, S. (2005). State power and unbalanced legal development in China. Journal of Contemporary China, 14(42), 117–134. https://doi.org/10.1080/1067056042000300817Google Scholar
Cain, M. (1974). The main themes of Marx and Engels’ sociology of law. British Journal of Law and Society, 1, 136–148. https://doi.org/10.2307/1409865CrossRefGoogle Scholar
CASS: Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Legal Studies Department Rule of Law National Status Research Group. (2012). Problems and strategies for making written judicial opinions public on the internet (in Chinese; internal document). Leadership Reference Material (Lingdao Canyue), 2.Google Scholar
Chan, H. (2019, March 31). In pictures: 12,000 Hongkongers march in protest against ‘evil’ China extradition law, organisers say. Hong Kong Free Press.Google Scholar
Chavez, R. B. (2004). The evolution of judicial autonomy in Argentina: Establishing the rule of law in an ultrapresidential system. Journal of Latin American Studies, 36(3), 451–478. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022216X04007758CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, J. (2008). Chinese law: Context and transformation. Brill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chengdu Bureau of Statistics. (2011). Chengdu statistical yearbook 2011 (Chengdu tongji nianjian 2011). China Statistics Publishing House (Zhongguo tongji chubanshe). www.cdstats.chengdu.gov.cn/list.asp?ClassID=020703Google Scholar
Chengdu Intermediate People’s Court. (1997). Chengdu court gazette (Chengdu fayuanzhi). Sichuan People’s Publishing House (Sichuan renmin chubanshe).Google Scholar
Cheung, G., & Ng, T. (2020, July 15). National security law: Beijing vows to retaliate after Donald Trump ends special treatment for Hong Kong and targets officials with sanctions. South China Morning Post. www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3093344/national-security-law-beijing-vows-retaliate-after-trumpGoogle Scholar
Chin, J. (2014, October 21). China tries to hold on to judges by offering freer hand: With judges quitting in droves, party plenum to focus on tweaking legal system. Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/articles/china-tries-to-hold-on-to-judges-by-offering-freer-hand-1413822462Google Scholar
China Daily Staff. (2017, March 14). Workload for judges addressed. China Daily. www.chinadaily.com.cn/m/chinalic/2017-03/14/content_28555039.htmGoogle Scholar
China Law Yearbook Editing Committee. (Various years). China Law Yearbook (Zhongguo falü nianjian). Beijing: China Law Yearbook Publishing House.Google Scholar
China Lawyers Yearbook Editing Committee. (2005). China lawyers yearbook 2004 (Zhongguo lüshi nianjian 2004). Legal System Publishing House (Zhongguo fazhi chubanshe).Google Scholar
China Lawyers Yearbook Editing Committee. (2009). China lawyers yearbook 2006–2008 (Zhongguo lüshi nianjian 2006–2008). People’s Court Publishing House.Google Scholar
China Lawyers Yearbook Editing Committee. (2011). China yearbook of lawyers 2009 (Zhongguo lüshi nianjian 2009). People’s Court Publishing House.Google Scholar
Chinese Lawyers Yearbook Editing Committee. (2005). Chinese yearbook of lawyers, 2001–2003 (Zhongguo lüshi nianjian, 2001–2003). Renmin fayuan chubanshe.Google Scholar
Clarke, D. C. (2003). Empirical research in Chinese law. In Jensen, E. & Heller, T. (Eds.), Beyond common knowledge: Empirical approaches to the rule of law (pp. 164–192). Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Cohen, J. (1979). Due process (in China)? In The China difference: A portrait of life today inside the country of one billion (pp. 237–259). Harper and Row.Google Scholar
Cohen, J. (2016, February). A looming crisis for China’s legal system. Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/02/22/a-looming-crisis-for-chinas-legal-system/Google Scholar
Cohen, J. A. (1980). China’s new lawyers’ law. American Bar Association Journal, 66(12), 1533–1535.Google Scholar
Council, H. K. L. (2019). Legal service division report on fugitive offenders and mutual legal assistance in criminal matters legislation (Amendment) bill 2019.Google Scholar
Dahl, R. (1957). Decision-making in a democracy: The supreme court as a national policy-maker. Journal of Public Law, VI(2), 279.Google Scholar
Damaska, M. (1986). The faces of justice and state authority: A comparative approach to the legal process. Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Davis, B. (2020, January 16). U.S.-China deal could upend the way nations settle disputes. Wall Street Journal.Google Scholar
Deng, J. (Ed.). (2001). A record of the Shenzhen intermediate people’s court Chuji level cadre leaders competitive promotion system (Shenzhenshi Zhongji Renmin Fayuan Chuji Lingdao Ganbu Jingzheng Shanggang Jishi). China Legal System Publishing House (Zhongguo fazhi chubanshe).Google Scholar
DiFederico, G., & Guarnieri, C. (1988). The courts in Italy. In Waltman, J. L. & Holland, K. M. (Eds.), The political role of law courts in modern democracies (pp. 153–180). MacMillan.Google Scholar
Dimitrov, M. (2009). Piracy and the state: The politics of intellectual property rights in China. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Donnan, S., Wingrove, J., & Mohsin, S. (2020, January 15). U.S. and China sign phase one of trade deal. Bloomberg.Google Scholar
Economy, E. (2019, October). China’s neo-Maoist Moment. Foreign Affairs. www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2019-10-01/chinas-neo-maoist-momentGoogle Scholar
Edin, M. (2003). State capacity and local agent control in China: CCP cadre management from a township perspective. The China Quarterly, 173, 35–52.Google Scholar
Epp, C. (1998). The rights revolution: Lawyers, activists, and supreme courts in comparative perspective. University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Epstein, L., Knight, J., & Shvetsova, O. (2001). The role of constitutional courts in the establishment and maintenance of democratic systems of government. Law & Society Review, 35, 117–164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finder, S. (2016). What China’s judicial reform white paper says about its vision for its judiciary. Supreme People’s Court Monitor.Google Scholar
Finder, S. (2020, May 4). Supreme people’s court’s new vision for the Chinese courts. Supreme People’s Court Monitor. https://supremepeoplescourtmonitor.com/2020/05/04/supreme-peoples-courts-new-vision-for-the-chinese-courts/Google Scholar
Fioretos, O., Falleti, T., & Sheingate, A. (2016). The Oxford handbook of historical institutionalism. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline and punish: The birth of the prison (trans. Sheridan, A.). Vintage Books.Google Scholar
Foucault, M. (2008). The birth of biopolitics: Lectures at the College de France, 1978–1979 (Senellart, M. [Ed.]). Palgrave MacMillan.Google Scholar
Fraenkel, E. (1941). The dual state: A contribution to the theory of dictatorship. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Fu, H. (2003). Putting China’s judiciary into perspective: Is it independent, competent, and fair? In Jensen, E. G. & Heller, T. C., (Eds.), Beyond common knowledge: Empirical approaches to the rule of law (pp. 193–219). Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Fu, H., & Zhu, H. (2018). After the July 9 (709) crackdown: The future of human rights lawyering. Fordham International Law Journal, 41(5), 1135–1164.Google Scholar
Galanter, M. (1974). Why the “haves” come out ahead: Speculations on the limits of legal change. Law & Society Review, 9, 95–160.Google Scholar
Gallagher, M. (2005). Contagious capitalism: Globalization and the politics of labor in China. Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Gallagher, M. E. (2017). Authoritarian legality in China: Law, workers, and the state. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gauri, V., & Brinks, D. M. (2008). Introduction: The elements of legalization and the triangular shape of social and economic rights. In Gauri, V. & Brinks, D. M. (Eds.), Courting social justice: Judicial enforcement of social and economic rights in the developing world (pp. 1–37). Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Geddes, B. (1990). How the cases you choose affect the answers you get: Selection bias in comparative politics. Political Analysis, 2(1), 131–150.Google Scholar
Gerring, J. (2007). Is there a (viable) crucial-case method? Comparative Political Studies, 30(3), 231–253.Google Scholar
Givens, J. (2014). Sleeping with dragons? Politically embedded lawyers suing the Chinese state. Wisconsin International Law Journal, 31(3), 101–140.Google Scholar
Ginsburg, T. (2003). Judicial review in new democracies: Constitutional courts in Asian cases. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ginsburg, T., & Moustafa, T. (Eds.). (2008). Rule by law: The politics of courts in authoritarian regimes. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Guo, N. (2013, April 20). Shanghai courts’ judicial fairness index and transparency level are highest in the country (in Chinese). Liberation Daily (Jie’fang Ribao). www.chinacourt.org/article/detail/2013/04/id/939740.shtmlGoogle Scholar
Hall, P., & Taylor, R. (1996). Political science and the three new institutionalisms. Political Studies, 44, 936–957.Google Scholar
Halliday, T., & Karpik, L. (Eds.). (1997). Lawyers and the rise of western political liberalism: Europe and north America from the eighteenth to twentieth centuries. Oxford University Press on Demand.Google Scholar
Halliday, T., Karpik, L., & Feeley, M. (Eds.). (2007). Fighting for political freedom: Comparative studies of the legal complex and political liberalism. Hart.Google Scholar
Hand, K. J. (2007). Using the law for a righteous purpose: The Sun Zhigang incident and evolving forms of citizen action in the People’s Republic of China. Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, 45(1), 1114–1195.Google Scholar
Hannan, M. T., & Freeman, J. (1977). The population ecology of organizations. American Journal of Sociology, 82(5), 929–964.Google Scholar
Hannan, M. T., & Freeman, J. (1989). Organizational ecology. Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Harding, H. (1981). Organizing China: The problem of bureaucracy, 1949–1976. Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Hazard, J. N. (1969). Communists and their law: A search for the common core of legal system of the Marxian socialist states. University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
He, X. (2009). Administrative law as political control mechanism. In Balme, S. & Dowdle, M. (Eds.), Building constitutionalism in China (pp. 143–162). Palgrave MacMillan.Google Scholar
Hendley, K. (2012). The puzzling non-consequences of societal distrust of courts: Explaining the use of Russian courts. Cornell International Law Journal, 45(3), 517–567.Google Scholar
Hendley, K. (2013). Too much of a good thing? Assessing access to civil justice in Russia. Slavic Review, 72(4), 802–827.Google Scholar
Hernandez, J. C. (2018, September 28). For Xi Jinping, Being a man of the people means looking the part. The New York Times.Google Scholar
Hernandez, J. C., & Carlsen, A. (2017, November 9). Why Xi’s (Airbrushed) face is plastered all over China. The New York Times. www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/11/09/world/asia/xi-propaganda.htmlGoogle Scholar
Hilbink, L. (2007). Judges beyond politics in democracy and dictatorship: Lessons from Chile. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hilbink, L., & Woods, P. J. (2009). Comparative sources of judicial empowerment: Ideas and interests. Political Research Quarterly, 62(4), 745–752.Google Scholar
Ho, D. Y. (1976). On the concept of face. American Journal of Sociology, 81(4), 867–884.Google Scholar
Howson, N. C. (2010). Corporate law in the Shanghai People’s Courts, 1992–2008: Judicial autonomy in a contemporary authoritarian state. East Asia Law Review, 5, 303–442.Google Scholar
Hsueh, R. (2011). China’s regulatory state: A new strategy for globalization. Cornell University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hu, C. (2015). China judges professional satisfaction analysis: Detailed analysis of a survey of 2660 respondents (Zhongguo Faguan Zhiye Manyidu Kaocha: Yi 2660 Fen Wenjuan wei Yangben de Fenxi). China Law Review (Zhongguo Falv Pinglun), 4. www.lawpress.com.cn/zgflplzazhi.htmlGoogle Scholar
Hui, M. (2020, April 1). Hong Kong police are using coronavirus restrictions to clamp down on protesters. Quartz.Google Scholar
Hurst, W. (2009). The Chinese worker after socialism. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hurst, W. (2011). Politics, society, and the legal system in contemporary China. In Garrick, J. (Ed.), Law, wealth, and power in China: Commercial law reforms in context (pp. 72–88). Routledge.Google Scholar
Hurst, W. (2018). Ruling before the law: The politics of legal regimes in China and Indonesia. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Jiang, Y. (2013). Some thoughts on China’s system of judicial remuneration security (Qian tan woguo faguan de daiyu baozhang zhidu). Guangming Online (Guangmingwang). http://court.gmw.cn/html/article/201301/30/118223.shtmlGoogle Scholar
Johnson, I. (2016, January 2). China grants courts greater autonomy on limited matters. The New York Times. www.nytimes.com/2016/01/03/world/asia/china-grants-courts-greater-autonomy-on-limited-matters.htmlGoogle Scholar
Kapiszewski, D. (2012). High courts and economic governance in Argentina and Brazil. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Karpik, L., & Halliday, T. C. (2011). The legal complex. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 7, 217–236.Google Scholar
Katznelson, I., & Weingast, B. R. (2005). Intersections between historical and rational choice institutionalism. In Preferences and situations: Points of intersection between historical and rational choice institutionalism (pp. 1–24). Russel Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
King, G., Keohane, R. O., & Verba, S. (1994). Designing social inquiry: Scientific inference in qualitative research. Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kinkel, J. (2015). High-end demand: Markets for legal services and pressure for judicial autonomy in urban China. Law & Social Inquiry, 40(4), 969–1000.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kinkel, J., & Hurst, W. (2011). Review essay – Access to justice in post-Mao China: Assessing the politics of criminal and administrative law. Journal of East Asian Studies, 11(3), 467–499. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1598240800007414Google Scholar
Kinkel, J., & Hurst, W. (2015). The judicial cadre evaluation system in China: Foundational institutional incentives and “intra-state legibility.” The China Quarterly, 224, 933–954.Google Scholar
Kisilowski, M. (2014). The middlemen: The legal profession, the rule of law, and authoritarian regimes. Law & Social Inquiry, 40(3), 700–722.Google Scholar
Lague, D., Pomfret, J., & Torode, G. (2019, December 20). How murder, kidnappings and miscalculation set off Hong Kong’s revolt. Reuters.Google Scholar
Landes, W., & Posner, R. (1975). The independent judiciary in an interest group perspective. Journal of Law, Economics & Organization, 18(3), 875.Google Scholar
Landry, P. F. (2008). Decentralized authoritarianism in China: The communist party’s control of local elites in the post-Mao era. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leung, K., Xinqi, S., & Lok-kei, S. (2019, June 15). Hong Kong protest organisers vow to press ahead with Sunday march despite government backing down on extradition bill – but Monday’s strike is off. South China Morning Post.Google Scholar
Li, Lin, & Tian, H. (2013). Blue book of the rule of law: China rule of law development report, No. 11 (Fazhi lanpishu: Zhongguo fazhi fazhan baogao). Social Sciences Academic Press (Shehui kexue chubanshe).Google Scholar
Li, Ling. (2012). The “production” of corruption in China’s courts: Judicial politics and decision making in a one-party state. Law & Social Inquiry, 37(4), 848–877.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, V. (1978). Law without lawyers. Stanford Alumni Association.Google Scholar
Li, X., & Cheng, J. (2013). Structural constraints on legal change: Chinese lawyers in the interaction between the state, the market, and society. Social Sciences in China, 34(1), 58–77.Google Scholar
Lieberthal, K. (2004). Governing China: From revolution through reform. W. W. Norton & Company.Google Scholar
Lieberthal, K., & Oksenberg, M. (1988). Policy making in China: Leaders, structures, and processes. Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Liebman, B. L., Roberts, M. E., Stern, R. E., & Wang, A. Z. (2020). Mass digitization of Chinese court decisions: How to use text as data in the field of Chinese law. Journal of Law and Courts, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.1086/709916Google Scholar
Lijphart, A. (1977). Democracy in plural societies: A comparative exploration. Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Liu, S. (2008). Globalization as boundary-blurring: International and local law firms in China’s corporate law market. Law & Society Review, 42(4), 771–804.Google Scholar
Liu, S. (2011a). Lawyers, state officials and significant others: Symbiotic exchange in the Chinese legal services market. The China Quarterly, 206, 276–293.Google Scholar
Liu, S. (2011b). The logic of fragmentation: An ecological analysis of the Chinese legal services market (in Chinese). Shanghai Sanlian Bookstore (China).Google Scholar
Liu, S. (2014). The shape of Chinese law. Peking University Law Journal, 1(2), 415–444. https://doi.org/10.1080/20517483.2014.11424478Google Scholar
Liu, S. (2015). Law’s social forms: A powerless approach to the sociology of law. Law and Social Inquiry, 40(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1111/lsi.12105Google Scholar
Liu, S., & Au, A. (2020). The gateway to global China: Hong Kong and the future of Chinese law firms. Wisconsin International Law Journal, 37, 308–349.Google Scholar
Liu, S., & Emirbayer, M. (2016). Field and ecology. Sociological Theory, 34(1), 62–79. https://doi.org/10.1177/0735275116632556CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, S., & Halliday, T. C. (2016). Criminal defense in China: The politics of lawyers at work. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Liu, S., & Halliday, T. C. (2019). The ecology of activism: Professional mobilization as a spatial process. Canadian Review of Sociology, 56(4), 452–471. https://doi.org/10.1111/cars.12258Google Scholar
Liu, S., Liang, L., & Michelson, E. (2014). Migration and social structure: The spatial mobility of Chinese lawyers. Law & Policy, 36(2), 165–194. https://doi.org/10.1111/lapo.12016Google Scholar
Liu, S., & Wu, H. (2016). The ecology of organizational growth: Chinese law firms in the age of globalization. American Journal of Sociology, 122(3), 798–837.Google Scholar
Liu, X. (2014, March 12). Shanghai courts lost 74 judges last year; representative suggests construction of a salary system for specialized professionals (Shanghai fayuan qunian liushi faguan 74 ren; Daibiao jianyi: shili yu zhuanye zhiwu xiangshiying de gongzi zhidu). Youth Daily (Qingnian Bao). http://youthdaily.why.com.cn/epublish/node37623/node38420/userobject7ai392817.htmlGoogle Scholar
Liu, Z. (2009). Regarding the system of managing separate divisions within China’s courts (Lun zhongguo fayuan de fenting guanli zhidu). Legal System and Social Development (Fazhi Yu Shehui Fazhan), 89(5), 124–135.Google Scholar
Liu, Z. (2012). The emergence of court presidents as structured by vertical and horizontal relations of authority (Tiao tiao yu kuai kuai guanxixia de fayuan yuanzhang chansheng). Global Legal Forum (Quanqiu Falü Pinglun), 1, 107–125.Google Scholar
Liu, Z. (2014). Specification, position, rank and the competition for office (Ge, zhi, ji yu jingzheng shanggang). Tsinghua University Law Journal, 8(2), 146–163.Google Scholar
Lü, S., & Wang, X. (2014, April 10). Shenzhen explores judicial professionalization reforms; judicial wages might exceed that of court president (Shenzhen tansuo faguan zhiyehua gaige; faguan gongzi huo chao fayuan yuanzhang). People’s Daily (Renmin Ribao).Google Scholar
Lubman, S. (1999). Bird in a cage: Legal reform in China after Mao. Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Ma, S. (2011). Shanghai court departmental vice leaders’ selection through competitive promotion smoothly completed (Shanghai fayuan bumen fuzhi lingdao jingzheng shanggang gongzuo shunli wancheng). China Court Web (Zhongguo Fayuanwang). http://old.chinacourt.org/html/article/201201/11/473401.shtmlGoogle Scholar
Manion, M. (1985). The cadre management system, post-Mao: The appointment, promotion, transfer and removal of party and state leaders. The China Quarterly, 102(June), 203–233. https://doi.org/10.1017/S030574100002991XGoogle Scholar
McCubbins, M. D., & Schwartz, T. (1984). Congressional oversight overlooked: Police patrols versus fire alarms. American Journal of Political Science, 28(1), 165–179.Google Scholar
Meierhenrich, J. (2008). The legacies of law: Long-run consequences of legal development in South Africa, 1652–2000. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Merry, S. E. (2011). Measuring the world: Indicators, human rights, and global governance: With CA comment by John M. Conley. Current Anthropology, 52(S3), S83–S95.Google Scholar
Merryman, J. H. (1969). The civil law tradition: An introduction to the legal systems of Europe and Latin America. Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Mertha, A. (2006). Policy enforcement markets: How bureaucratic redundancy contributes to effective intellectual property enforcement in China. Comparative Politics, 38(3), 295–316.Google Scholar
Mertha, A. (2009). “Fragmented authoritarianism 2.0”: Political pluralization in the Chinese policy process. The China Quarterly, 200, 995–1012. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741009990592Google Scholar
Merton, R. K., Fiske, M., & Kendall, P. L. (1990). The focused interview: A manual of problems and procedures (2nd ed.). Free Press.Google Scholar
Miceli, T. J., & Cosgel, M. M. (1994). Reputation and judicial decision-making. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 23(1), 31–51.Google Scholar
Michelson, E. (2003). Unhooking from the state: Chinese lawyers in transition. University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Michelson, E. (2007). Lawyers, political embeddedness, and institutional continuity in China’s transition from socialism. American Journal of Sociology, 113(2), 352–414.Google Scholar
Michelson, E. (2020). In search of activist lawyers in China: A time machine back to the heyday of political activism in the Chinese legal profession. Wisconsin International Law Journal, 37(2), 350–414.Google Scholar
Michelson, E., & Read, B. (2011). Public attitudes toward official justice in Beijing and rural China. In Woo, M. Y. K. & Gallagher, M. (Eds.), Chinese justice: Civil dispute resolution in contemporary China (pp. 169–204). Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Michener, G. (2015). Policy evaluation via composite indexes: Qualitative lessons from international transparency policy indexes. World Development, 74, 184–196.Google Scholar
Min, J. (2006, January 18). Sichuan legislative meetings: Basic court judges leave courts in great numbers, making it difficult to resolve cases (Sichuan lianghui: Jiceng faguan daliang liushi nanyi duiying ban’an). China Youth Daily (Zhongguo Qingnian Bao). http://news.163.com/06/0119/06/27QERUVU0001124T.htmlGoogle Scholar
Minzner, C. (2011a). China’s turn against law. American Journal of Comparative Law, 59, 935–984.Google Scholar
Minzner, C. (2011b). Judicial disciplinary systems for incorrectly decided cases: The imperial Chinese heritage lives on. In Woo, M. & Gallagher, M. (Eds.), Chinese justice: Civil dispute resolution in contemporary China (pp. 58–90). Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Minzner, C. F. (2009). Riots and cover-ups: Counterproductive control of local agents in China. University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Law, 31(1), 53–123.Google Scholar
Minzner, C. F. (2013). The rise and fall of Chinese legal education. Fordham International Law Journal, 36(2), 335–396.Google Scholar
Moustafa, T. (2007). The struggle for constitutional power: Law, politics, and economic development in Egypt. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
National Bureau of Statistics of the PRC. (2011). Communiqué of the National Bureau of Statistics of People’s Republic of China on major figures of the 2010 population census[1] (No. 2). www.stats.gov.cn/english/NewsEvents/201104/t20110429_26450.htmlGoogle Scholar
Ng, K. H., & He, X. (2017). Embedded courts: Judicial decision making in China. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
North, D. (1990). Institutions, institutional change, and economic performance. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
North, D., & Weingast, B. R. (1989). Constitutions and commitment: The evolution of institutions governing public choice in seventeenth-century England. Journal of Economic History, 49(4), 803–832.Google Scholar
O’Brien, K. J., & Li, L. (1999). Selective policy implementation in rural China. Comparative Politics, 31(2), 167–186.Google Scholar
Paletta, D., Lee, C. E., & Browne, A. (2016, December 2). Trump spoke with Taiwan president in break with decades of U.S. policy. Wall Street Journal.Google Scholar
Pan, Y. (2003). The inflow of foreign direct investment to China: The impact of country-specific factors. Journal of Business Research, 56(10), 829–833. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(02)00470-8Google Scholar
Park, R. E., & Burgess, E. W. (1969). Introduction to the science of sociology (2nd ed.). University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Peerenboom, R. (2002). China’s long march to the rule of law. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Peerenboom, R. (Ed.). (2003). Varieties of the rule of law: An introduction and provisional conclusion. In Asian discourses of rule of law: Theories and implementation of rule of law in twelve Asian countries, France, and the U.S. (pp. 1–53). Routledge Curzon.Google Scholar
Peerenboom, R. (2006). Judicial independence and judicial accountability: An empirical study of individual case supervision. The China Journal, 55, 67–92.Google Scholar
Peerenboom, R. (2009). Middle income blues: The east Asian model and implications for constitutional development in China. In Balme, S. & Dowdle, M. (Eds.), Building constitutionalism in China (pp. 77–96). Palgrave MacMillan.Google Scholar
Peerenboom, R. (2010). Judicial independence in China: Common myths and unfounded assumptions. In Peerenboom, R. (Ed.), Judicial independence in China: Lessons for global rule of law promotion (pp. 69–94). Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Peerenboom, R. (2011). Economic development and the development of the legal profession in China. In Woo, M. & Gallagher, M. E. (Eds.), Chinese justice: Civil dispute resolution in contemporary China (pp. 114–138). Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Pieke, F. N. (2009). The good communist: Elite training and state building in today’s China. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Pils, E. (2007). Asking the tiger for his skin: Rights activism in China. Fordham International Law Journal, 30, 1209–1287.Google Scholar
Pils, E., & Rosenzweig, J. (2014, January 26). Beijing confronts a new kind of dissident the new citizen movement can continue even as Xu Zhiyong sits in jail. Wall Street Journal. www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303553204579344160684807586Google Scholar
Press, H. K. F. (2020, June 30). Beijing unanimously passes national security law for Hong Kong as Chief Exec. Carrie Lam evades questions. Hong Kong Free Press.Google Scholar
Quigley, J. (1989). Socialist law and the civil law tradition. The American Journal of Comparative Law, 37(4), 781–808.Google Scholar
Reuters Staff. (2020, August 3). France says it will not ratify extradition treaty with Hong Kong. Reuters.Google Scholar
Rigobon, R., & Rodrik, D. (2005). Rule of law, democracy, openness, and income: Estimating the interrelationships. Economics of Transition, 13(3), 533–564.Google Scholar
Santos, B. de S. (1987). Law: A map of misreading. Toward a postmodern conception of law. Journal of Law and Society, 14(3), 279–302.Google Scholar
Sapio, F. (2010). Sovereign power and the law in China. Brill.Google Scholar
Schlesinger, J. M., & Ailworth, E. (2018, January 22). U.S. imposes new tariffs, ramping up ‘America First’ trade policy. Wall Street Journal.Google Scholar
Schurmann, F. (1971). Ideology and organization in communist China (2nd ed.). University of California Press.Google Scholar
Scoggins, S. E., & O’Brien, K. J. (2016). China’s unhappy police. Asian Survey, 56(2), 225–242.Google Scholar
Scott, J. C. (1999). Seeing like a state: How certain schemes to improve the human condition have failed. Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Segal, J. A., & Spaeth, H. J. (2002). The supreme court and the attitudinal model revisited. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Shanghai Bureau of Statistics. (2011). Shanghai statistical yearbook 2011 (Shanghai tongji nianjian 2011). China Statistics Publishing House (Zhongguo tongji chubanshe). www.stats-sh.gov.cn/data/toTjnj.xhtml?y=2011Google Scholar
Shanghai High People’s Court. (2011). Shanghai court IP adjudication mechanism research report (Shanghai fayuan zhishichanquan shenpan jizhi yanjiu, yanjiu baogao). www.hshfy.sh.cn/shzcw/gweb/xxnr_view.jsp?pa=aaWQ9MTY4MzIwJnhoPTEmdHlwZT0xz&jdfwkey=0jvgtGoogle Scholar
Shanghai Judicial Gazette Editing Committee. (2003). Shanghai judicial gazette (Shanghai shenpanzhi). Shanghai Social Science Publishing House (Shanghai shehui kexue chubanshe).Google Scholar
Shapiro, M. (1981). Courts: A comparative and political analysis. University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Shapiro, M., & Stone Sweet, A. (2002). On law, politics & judicialization. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Shen, G. (Ed.). (1998). Judges’ handbook (Faguan Shouce), part I. China Personnel Publishing Company (Zhongguo renshi chubanshe).Google Scholar
Shenzhen Bureau of Statistics. (2011). Shenzhen statistical yearbook 2011, Vol. 21 (Shenzhen tongji nianjian 2011 zong di 21 qi). China Statistics Publishing House (Zhongguo tongji chubanshe). www.sztj.gov.cn/xxgk/tjsj/tjnj/201202/t20120221_1806408.htmGoogle Scholar
Shenzhen City Local Gazette Editing Committee. (2006). Shenzhen city gazette, volume on legal system and politics (Shenzhen shi zhi, fazhi zhengwu juan). Local Gazette Publishing House (Fangzhi chubanshe).Google Scholar
Shenzhen Intermediate People’s Court. (2010, January). Shenzhen court IP judicial protection situation white paper for 2006–2010 (Shenzhen fayuan zhishichanquan sifa baohu zhuangkuang).Google Scholar
Shenzhen Intermediate People’s Court. (2011). Shenzhen intermediate people’s court labor dispute litigation white paper. www.szcourt.gov.cn/shenwu/view.aspx?id=4208Google Scholar
Simard, S. (2021). Finding the mother tree: Discovering the wisdom of the forest. Knopf.Google Scholar
Solinger, D. J. (2006). Interviewing Chinese people: From high-level officials to the unemployed. In Heimer, M. & Thogersen, S. (Eds.), Doing fieldwork in China (pp. 153–168). NIAS Press.Google Scholar
Solomon, P. H. (2007a). Courts and judges in authoritarian regimes. World Politics, 60(1), 122–145.Google Scholar
Solomon, P. H. (2007b). Review article: Courts and judges in authoritarian regimes. World Politics, 60(1), 122–145.Google Scholar
Stern, R. E. (2010). On the frontlines: Making decisions in Chinese civil environmental lawsuits. Law & Policy, 32(1), 79–103.Google Scholar
Stern, R. E. (2013). Environmental litigation in China: A study in political ambivalence. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Stern, R. E., & Li, S. (2016). The outpost office: How international law firms approach the China market. Law and Social Inquiry, 41(1), 184–211. https://doi.org/10.1111/lsi.12138Google Scholar
Su, F., Tao, R., Xi, L., & Li, M. (2012). Local officials’ incentives and China’s economic growth: Tournament thesis reexamined and alternative explanatory framework. China & World Economy, 20(4), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-124X.2012.01292.xGoogle Scholar
Sun, Y. (2010, September 17). Shenzhen established specialized court divisions, pushes forward with 3 in 1 IP courts (Shenzhen she zhuanmen shenpanting tuixing zhishichanquan san shen he yi). Southern Daily (Nanfang Ribao). www.sipo.gov.cn/mtjj/2010/201009/t20100917_537441.htmlGoogle Scholar
Tate, N. C., & Vallinder, T. (Eds.). (1995). The global expansion of judicial power. New York University Press.Google Scholar
The Economist. (2014). Realigning justice: Judges are often impotent in China’s courtrooms. That might be changing. The Economist. www.economist.com/news/china/21612161-judges-are-often-impotent-chinas-courtrooms-might-be-changing-realigning-justiceGoogle Scholar
Thelen, K. (1999). Historical institutionalism in comparative politics. Annual Review of Political Science, 2, 369–404. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.2.1.369Google Scholar
Tian, H. (2012). Gaijin Zhengfu Xinxi Gongkai Gongzuo, Tigao Yifa Xingzheng Shuiping (Improve government information transparency, improve the level of administration according to law). Lingdao Canyue (Leadership Reference Reading), 16, 3–9.Google Scholar
Tiffert, G. D. (2011). The Chinese judge: From literatus to cadre (1907–1949). 1–43. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1948259Google Scholar
Tiffert, G. D. (2015). Judging revolution: Beijing and the birth of the PRC judicial system (1906–1958). University of California.Google Scholar
Toharia, J. J. (1975). Judicial independence in an authoritarian regime: The case of contemporary Spain. Law & Society Review, 9(3), 475–496.Google Scholar
Trevaskes, S. (2011). Political ideology, the party, and politicking: Justice system reform in China. Modern China, 37, 315–344.Google Scholar
Trochev, A. (2004). Less democracy, more courts: A puzzle of judicial review in Russia. Law & Society Review, 38(3), 513–548.Google Scholar
Trochev, A. (2008). Judging Russia: The constitutional court in Russian politics, 1990–2006. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Trubek, D., & Galanter, M. (1974). Scholars in self-estrangement: Some reflections on the crisis in law and development studies. Wisconsin Law Review, 1062–1101.Google Scholar
Tsai, K. (2007). Capitalism without democracy: The private sector in contemporary China. Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Tsai, K. (2016). Adaptive informal institutions. In Fioretos, O., Falleti, T. G., & Sheingate, A. (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of historical institutionalism. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ulc, O. (1972). The judge in a communist state. Ohio University Press.Google Scholar
Valverde, M. (2009). Jurisdiction and scale: Legal “technicalities” as resources for theory. Social and Legal Studies, 18(2), 139–157. https://doi.org/10.1177/0964663909103622Google Scholar
Valverde, M. (2015). Chronotopes of law: Jurisdiction, scale, and governance. Routledge.Google Scholar
Van Evera, S. (1997). Guide to methods for students of political science. Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Wang, A. L. (2013). The search for sustainable legitimacy: Environmental law and bureaucracy in China. Harvard Environmental Law Review, 37, 365–440.Google Scholar
Wang, J., & Liang, W. (2019). Political resources and divergent court empowerment in China: A subnational comparison. Modern China, 45(6), 629–665.Google Scholar
Wang, Y. (2015). Tying the autocrat’s hands: The rise of the rule of law in China. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Wang, Y., & Minzner, C. (2015). The rise of the Chinese security state. The China Quarterly, 222, 339–359.Google Scholar
Wang, Y., & Shen, M. (2009). Litigating economic disputes in rural China. The China Review, 9(1), 97–121.Google Scholar
Weber, M. (1946). From Max Weber: Essays in sociology (Gerth, H. H. & Mills, C. W. [Eds.]). Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Weber, M. (1978). Economy and society (Roth, G. & Wittch, C. [Eds.]). University of California Press.Google Scholar
Wei, J. (2010, December 2). Shanghai courts fully carry out the work mechanism of competitive cadre promotion (Shanghai fayuan quanmian tuixing jingzhengxing xuanba ganbu gongzuo jizhi). People’s Court News (Renmin Fayuan Bao).Google Scholar
Whiting, S. H. (2000). Power and wealth in rural China. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511571596CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whiting, S. H. (2004). The cadre evaluation system at the grass roots: The paradox of party rule. In Naughton, B. J. & Yang, D. L. (Eds.), Holding China together: Diversity and national integration in the post-Deng era (pp. 101–119). Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Wong, J., & Lo, C. (2021, December 16). Hong Kong’s pro-democracy activists are running out of options. Bloomberg. www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2021-12-16/china-s-communist-party-crackdowns-leave-hong-kongprotesters-with-few-tacticsGoogle Scholar
Xinhua News Agency. (2013). The salaries of civil servants in all 31 of China’s Provinces revealed. (Quanguo 31 ge diqu gongwuyuan gongzi baoguang). http://news.xinhuanet.com/photo/2013-10/11/c_125512066.htmGoogle Scholar
Xinhua News Agency. (2017). China has 300,000 lawyers. (January 9). www.xinhuanet.com//english/2017-01/09/c_135967814.htm (last visited January 5, 2022).Google Scholar
Yan, F. (2007, March 7). Beijing adds three new IP tribunals (Beijing zhishichanquan fating xin zeng 3 ge). Beijing Morning Post (Beijing Chenbao). http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2007-03-07/012511352574s.shtmlGoogle Scholar
Ying, Y. (2011). Comply with judicial regulations, improve the assessment system, diligently lead and implement the SPC’s new case quality assessment system (Zunxun Sifa Guilü, Youhua Pinggu Tixi, Renzhen Linghui He Shishi Zuigao Fayuan Xin Anjian Zhiliang Pinggu Tixi). Shanghai Shenpan Shijian (Shanghai Adjudication in Practice), 228(12), 3–4.Google Scholar
Yung, L. H. (1991). From revolutionary cadres to party technocrats in socialist China. University of California Press.Google Scholar
Zhang, J. (2011). “Bawo pinggu tixi jingshen, tisheng anjian zhixiao shuiping” (“Grasp the assessment system spirit, raise the level of case quality and efficiency”) (internal document). Shanghai Shenpan Shijian (Shanghai Adjudication in Practice), 228(12), 12–13.Google Scholar
Zhang, M., & Zhang, B. (2012). Specialized environmental courts in China: Status quo, challenges, and responses. Journal of Energy and Natural Resources Law, 30(3), 1–25.Google Scholar
Zhang, Q. (2003). The people’s court in transition: The prospects of the Chinese judicial reform. Journal of Contemporary China, 12(34), 69–101.Google Scholar
Zhang, T. (2012). The pragmatic court: Reinterpreting the supreme people’s court of China. Columbia Journal of Asian Law, 25(1), 1–61.Google Scholar
Zhang, X. (2014, August 26). The National People’s Congress considers establishing IP courts in Shanghai, Beijing, and Guangzhou (Quanguo renda changweihui shenyi “bei shang guang” sheli zhishichanquan fayuan). People’s Court News (Renmin Fayuan Bao). www.chinacourt.org/article/detail/2014/08/id/1426955.shtmlGoogle Scholar
Zhejiang High Court. (2013). Circular of the Zhejiang High Court issuing “the guiding opinion regarding strengthening the operation of adjudication analysis work” (Zhejiangsheng Gaoji Renmin Fayuan Yinfa “Guanyu Jiaqiang Shenpan Yunxing Taishi Fenxi Gongzuo de Zhidao Yijian’ de Tongzhi”) (Doc. No. 58 [2013]).Google Scholar
Zhou, L. (2011). Toushi zhibiao shuju, cujin shenpan xiaoneng (Thoroughly Look at Index Statistics, Promote Adjudication Efficacy). Shanghai Shenpan Shijian (Shanghai Adjudication in Practice), 12.Google Scholar
Zhu, S. (2010). The party and the courts. In Peerenboom, R. (Ed.), Judicial independence in China: Lessons for global rule of law promotion (pp. 52–68). Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Zhuang, G. (2010). Theory and practice of the evaluation system for leading cadres (Lingdao ganbu zhengji pingjia de lilun yu shijian). China Economics Publishing House (Zhongguo jingji chubanshe).Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×