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33 - Oral Inflammation and Periodontitis

from PART VI - ANIMAL MODELS OF INFLAMMATION

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 April 2014

By
Alpdogan Kantarci ,
Hatice Hasturk  and
Thomas E. Van Dyke
Edited by
Charles N. Serhan ,
Peter A. Ward  and
Derek W. Gilroy
With contributions by
Samir S. Ayoub
Alpdogan Kantarci
Affiliation:
Boston University
Hatice Hasturk
Affiliation:
Boston University
Thomas E. Van Dyke
Affiliation:
Boston University
Charles N. Serhan
Affiliation:
Harvard Medical School
Peter A. Ward
Affiliation:
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
Derek W. Gilroy
Affiliation:
University College London
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Summary

INTRODUCTION

The oral cavity is a complex organ system composed of salivary glands, tongue, tonsils, and teeth. The tissues of the oral cavity are either mineralized-hard (e.g., enamel, dentin, cementum, and bone) or soft tissues (e.g., mucosa, periodontal ligament, and gingiva), which altogether maintain a complex system of function and esthetics. The oral cavity is the entrance to and a major component of the gastrointestinal tract as the first site in the body to break down the food due to its masticatory function; it is also the gateway for respiration. Oral systems are crucial for proper phonation; the alignment of the teeth affects how words are pronounced. Facial esthetics is also directly associated with the shapes of the teeth and soft tissues surrounding them. With this unique blend of components and functions, the health and the disease of the oral cavity, therefore, present an important area of research as well as a challenge to the maintenance of general health. As in many diseases common to humankind, oral pathologies are associated with alterations in tissue homeostasis. Oral pathological conditions and diseases have been recognized as important health problems since the dawn of the early civilizations. For example, golden toothpicks found in Mesopotamia have indicated that Sumerians were practicing oral hygiene as early as 3000 B.C. Various herbal medications were used by Babylonians and Assyrians to “treat” periodontal problems. Egyptians, Chinese, and Indians all have written documentation of treating dental and periodontal inflammation, ulcerations, and abscesses.

Type
Chapter
Information
Fundamentals of Inflammation , pp. 433 - 447
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

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