Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-kw2vx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-02-11T00:52:38.238Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

7 - Particle-based measurement techniques for soft matter

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2014

By
Nicholas T. Ouellette
Edited by
Jeffrey Olafsen
Nicholas T. Ouellette
Affiliation:
Yale University
Jeffrey Olafsen
Affiliation:
Baylor University, Texas
Get access

Summary

Introduction

Optical measurement techniques are ubiquitous across many disciplines of science. Since so much of our everyday interaction with the world around us is based on vision, optical investigations feel very natural and, when possible, are often the preferred interrogation technique.

While the sophistication of optical measurement has certainly increased with time, the basic idea remains the same: the physical system of interest is illuminated with visible light (which is assumed to interact with the system only passively) and is imaged by a photosensitive detector. In the early days of optical measurement, film was the preferred medium, and optical studies were by and large static. The few dynamic measurements that were made involved long or multiple exposures and tedious reconstructions done by hand [1]. With the advent of digital imaging and large-scale digital storage, however, optical measurements can now easily address dynamic questions, with enough temporal and spatial resolution to measure a wide range of quantities and sufficient storage to gather enough samples for well-converged statistics. In physics, we are often interested in velocities and accelerations, which give us access to momentum, energy, and force; such dynamic quantities are now accessible with imaging techniques.

Type
Chapter
Information
Experimental and Computational Techniques in Soft Condensed Matter Physics , pp. 180 - 208
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

[1] W.-C., Chiu and L. N., Rib, “The rate of dissipation of energy and the energy spectrum in a low-speed turbulent jet,” T. Am. Gœphys. Union 37, 13–26 (1956).Google Scholar
[2] J., Kompenhans, “The 12th international symposium on flow visualization,” J. Visualization 10, 123–128 (2007).Google Scholar
[3] C., Tropea, F., Scarano, J., Westerweel, A. A., Cavone, J. F., Meyers, J. W., Lee, and R., Schodl, “Particle-based techniques,” in C., Tropea, J., Foss, and A., Yarin (eds.), Springer Handbook of Experimental Fluid Mechanics, pp. 287-362 (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2007).
[4] M. R., Maxey and J. J., Riley, “Equation of motion for a small rigid sphere in a nonuniform flow,” Phys. Fluids 26, 883–9 (1983).Google Scholar
[5] N. M., Qureshi, U., Arrieta, C., Baudet, A., Cartellier, Y., Gagne, and M., Bourgoin, “Acceleration statistics of inertial particles in turbulent flow,” Eur. Phys. J. B 66, 531–6 (2008).Google Scholar
[6] N. T., Ouellette, P. J. J., O'Malley, and J. P., Gollub, “Transport of finite-sized particles in chaotic flow,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 174504 (2008).Google Scholar
[7] A., Melling, “Tracer particles and seeding for particle image velocimetry,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 8, 1406–16 (1997).Google Scholar
[8] N. M., Qureshi, M., Bourgoin, C., Baudet, A., Cartellier, and Y., Gagne, “Turbulent transport of material particles: An experimental study of finite size effects,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 184502 (2007).Google Scholar
[9] R. J., Adrian, “Particle-imaging techniques for experimental fluid mechanics,” Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 23, 261–304 (1991).Google Scholar
[10] J., Westerweel, “Fundamentals of digital particle image velocimetry,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 8, 1379–92 (1997).Google Scholar
[11] E. A., Cowen and S. G., Monismith, “A hybrid digital particle tracking velocimetry technique,” Exp. Fluids 22, 199–211 (1997).Google Scholar
[12] J. S., Guasto, P., Huang, and K. S., Breuer, “Statistical particle tracking velocimetry using molecular and quantum dot tracer particles,” Exp. Fluids 41, 869–80 (2006).Google Scholar
[13] F., Scarano, “Interative image deformation methods in PIV,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 13, R1-R19 (2002).Google Scholar
[14] R. D., Keane, R. J., Adrian, and Y., Zhang, “Super-resolution particle imaging velocimetry,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 6, 754–68 (1995).Google Scholar
[15] G. A., Voth, K., Satyanarayan, and E., Bodenschatz, “Lagrangian acceleration measurements at large Reynolds numbers,” Phys. Fluids 10, 2268–80 (1998).Google Scholar
[16] G. A., Voth, A., La Porta, A. M., Crawford, J., Alexander, and E., Bodenschatz, “Measurement of particle accelerations in fully developed turbulence,” J. Fluid Mech. 469, 121–60 (2002).Google Scholar
[17] N., Mordant, A. M., Crawford, and E., Bodenschatz, “Experimental Lagrangian acceleration probability density function measurement,” Physica D 193, 245–51 (2004).Google Scholar
[18] N. T., Ouellette, H., Xu, and E., Bodenschatz, “Measuring Lagrangian statistics in intense turbulence,” in C., Tropea, J., Foss, and A., Yarin (eds.), Springer Handbook of Experimental Fluid Mechanics, pp. 789–99 (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2007).Google Scholar
[19] S., Ott and J., Mann, “An experimental investigation of the relative diffusion of particle pairs in three-dimensional turbulent flow,” J. Fluid Mech. 422, 207–23 (2000).Google Scholar
[20] W. H., Press, S. A., Teukolsky, W. T., Vetterling, and B. P., Flannery, Numerical Recipes in C: The Art of Scientific Computing (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1992).Google Scholar
[21] Y. G., Guezennec, R. S., Brodkey, N., Trigui, and J. C., Kent, “Algorithms for fully automated three-dimensional particle tracking velocimetry,” Exp. Fluids 17, 209–19 (1994).Google Scholar
[22] H. G., Maas, A., Gruen, and D., Papantoniou, “Particle tracking velocimetry in three-dimensional flows. Part 1. Photogrammetric determination of particle coordinates,” Exp. Fluids 15, 13346 (1993).Google Scholar
[23] N. T., Ouellette, H., Xu, and E., Bodenschatz, “A quantitative study of three-dimensional Lagrangian particle tracking algorithms,” Exp. Fluids 40, 301–13 (2006).Google Scholar
[24] C. J., Veenman, M. J. T., Reinders, and E., Backer, “Establishing motion correspondence using extended temporal scope,” Artif. Intell. 145, 227–43 (2003).Google Scholar
[25] J. C., Crocker and D. G., Grier, “Methods of digital video microscopy for colloidal studies,” J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 179, 298–310 (1996).Google Scholar
[26] N. A., Malik, T., Dracos, and D. A., Papantoniou, “Particle tracking velocimetry in three-dimensional flows. Part II. Particle tracking,” Exp. Fluids 15, 279–94 (1993).Google Scholar
[27] C. J., Veenman, M. J. T., Reinders, and E., Backer, “Resolving motion correspondence for densely moving points,” IEEE T. Pattern Anal. 23, 54–72 (2001).Google Scholar
[28] F., Bourgeois and J.-C., Lasalle, “An extension of the Munkres algorithm for the assignment problem to rectangular matrices,” Commun. ACM 14, 802–4 (1971).Google Scholar
[29] N., Mordant, E., Leveque, and J.-F., Pinton, “Experimental and numerical study of the Lagrangian dynamics of high Reynolds turbulence,” New J. Phys. 6, 116 (2004).Google Scholar
[30] H., Xu, “Tracking Lagrangian trajectories in position-velocity space,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 19, 075105 (2008).Google Scholar
[31] G. A., Voth, G., Haller, and J. P., Gollub, “Experimental measurements of stretching fields in fluid mixing,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 254501 (2002).Google Scholar
[32] M., Mathur, G., Haller, T., Peacock, J. E., Ruppert-Felsot, and H. L., Swinney, “Uncovering the Lagrangian skeleton of turbulence,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 144502 (2007).
[33] N. T., Ouellette and J. P., Gollub, “Curvature fields, topology, and the dynamics of spatiotemporal chaos,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 194502 (2007).Google Scholar
[34] N. T., Ouellette and J. P., Gollub, “Dynamic topology in spatiotemporal chaos,” Phys. Fluids 20, 064104 (2008).Google Scholar
[35] T., Dracos, “Particle tracking in three-dimensional space,” in T., Dracos (ed.), “Three-dimensional velocity and vorticity measuring and image analysis techniques,” pp. 129–52 (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996).Google Scholar
[36] K., Hoyer, M., Holzner, B., Lüthi, M., Guala, A., Liberzon, and W., Kinzelbach, “3D scanning particle tracking velocimetry,” Exp. Fluids 39, 923–34 (2005).Google Scholar
[37] J., Lu, J. P., Fugal, H., Nordsiek, E. W., Saw, R. A., Shaw, and W., Yang, “Lagrangian particle tracking in three dimensions via single-camera inline digital holography,” New J. Phys. 10, 125013 (2008).Google Scholar
[38] J. P., Fugal, R. A., Shaw, E. W., Saw, and A. V., Sergeyev, “Airbornedigital holographic system for cloud particle measurements,” Appl. Optics 43, 5987–95 (2004).Google Scholar
[39] M. P., Arroyo and K. D., Hinsch, “Recent developments of PIV towards 3D measurements,” Top. Appl. Phys. 112, 127–54 (2008).Google Scholar
[40] J. C., del Alamo, R., Meili, B., Alonso-Latorre, J., Rodriguez-Rodriguez, A., Aliseda, R. A., Firtel, and J. C., Lasheras, “Spatio-temporal analysis of eukaryotic cell motility by improved force cytometry,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 104, 13343–8 (2007).Google Scholar
[41] K.-Y., Chan, D., Stich, and G. A., Voth, “Real-time image compression for high-speed particle tracking,” Rev. Sci. Instr. 78, 023704 (2007).Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×