Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T16:58:55.441Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Part IV - Nonpsychopharmacological Treatment Considerations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 October 2021

Katherine Warburton
Affiliation:
University of California, Davis
Stephen M. Stahl
Affiliation:
University of California, San Diego
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Fazel, S, Gulati, G, Linsell, L, et al. Schizophrenia and violence: systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med. 2009; 6(8): e1000120.Google Scholar
Witt, K, van Dorn, R, Fazel, S. Risk factors for violence in psychosis: systematic review and meta-regression analysis of 110 studies. PLoS One. 2013; 8(2): e55942.Google Scholar
Martell, DA, Dietz, PE. Mentally disordered offenders who push or attempt to push victims onto subway tracks in New York City. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1992; 49(6): 472475.Google Scholar
The Disaster Center. New York Crime Rates 1960–2016. www.disastercenter.com/crime/nycrime.htm (accessed June 2020).Google Scholar
Torrey, EF. Stigma and violence: isn’t it time to connect the dots? Schizophr Bull. 2011; 37(5): 892896.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McQuade, KM. Victim-offender relationship. In: Albanese, JS, ed. The Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice. Hoboken, NJ: Blackwell Publishing Ltd; 2014.Google Scholar
California Department of State Hospitals. Welcome. www.dsh.ca.gov/about_Us/ (accessed June 2020).Google Scholar
White, L, Parrella, M, McCrystal-Simon, J, et al. Characteristics of elderly psychiatric patients retained in a state hospital during downsizing: a prospective study with replication. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 1997; 12(4): 474480.Google Scholar
Bowie, CR, Moriarty, PJ, Harvey, PD, et al. Aggression in elderly schizophrenia patients: a comparison of nursing home and state hospital residents. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2001; 13(3): 357366.Google Scholar
Puri, BK, Richardson, AJ, Higgins, CJ, et al. Reduction in IQ in patients with schizophrenia who have seriously and dangerously violently offended. Schizophr Res. 2002; 53(3): 267268.Google Scholar
Ahmed, AO, Richardson, J, Buckner, A, et al. Do cognitive deficits predict negative emotionality and aggression in schizophrenia? Psychiatry Res. 2018; 259: 350357.Google Scholar
Serper, M, Beech, DR, Harvey, PD, Dill, C. Neuropsychological and symptom predictors of aggression on the psychiatric inpatient service. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2008; 30(6): 700709.Google Scholar
Krakowski, MI, Czobor, P. Proneness to aggression and its inhibition in schizophrenia: interconnections between personality traits, cognitive function and emotional processing. Schizophr Res. 2017; 184: 8287.Google Scholar
Pinkham, AE, Penn, DL, Green, MF, et al. The social cognition psychometric evaluation study: results of the expert survey and RAND panel. Schizophr Bull. 2014; 40(4): 813823.Google Scholar
Pinkham, AE, Penn, DL, Green, MF, et al. Social cognition psychometric evaluation: results of the initial psychometric study. Schizophr Bull. 2016; 42(2): 494504.Google Scholar
Pinkham, AE, Harvey, PD, Penn, DL. Paranoid individuals with schizophrenia show greater social cognitive bias and worse social functioning than non-paranoid individuals with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res Cogn. 2016; 3: 3338.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O’Reilly, K, Donohoe, G, Coyle, C, et al. Prospective cohort study of the relationship between neuro-cognition, social cognition and violence in forensic patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. BMC Psychiatry. 2015; 15: 155.Google Scholar
Skeem, L, Mulvey, EP. Psychopathy and community violence among civil psychiatric patients: results from the MacArthur Violence Risk Assessment Study. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2001; 69: 358374.Google Scholar
Volavka, J. Violence in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Psychiatr Danub. 2013; 25(1): 2433.Google Scholar
Harvey, PD, Velligan, DI, Bellack, AS. Performance-based measures of functional skills: usefulness in clinical treatment studies. Schizophr Bull. 2007; 33(5): 11381148.Google Scholar
Martinez-Martin, N, Fraguas, D, Garcia-Portilla, MP, et al. Self-perceived needs are related to violent behavior among schizophrenia outpatients. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2011; 199(9): 666671.Google Scholar
Keers, R, Ullrich, S, Destavola, BL, et al. Association of violence with emergence of persecutory delusions in untreated schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2014; 171(3): 332339.Google Scholar
Shawyer, F, Mackinnon, A, Farhall, J, et al. Acting on harmful command hallucinations in psychotic disorders: an integrative approach. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2008; 196(5): 390398.Google Scholar
Ekinci, O, Ekinci, A. Association between insight, cognitive insight, positive symptoms and violence in patients with schizophrenia. Nord J Psychiatry. 2013; 67(2): 116123.Google Scholar
Haddock, G, Eisner, E, Davies, G, et al. Psychotic symptoms, self-harm and violence in individuals with schizophrenia and substance misuse problems. Schizophr Res. 2013; 151(1–3): 215220.Google Scholar
Hunt, GE, Large, MM, Cleary, M, et al. Prevalence of comorbid substance use in schizophrenia spectrum disorders in community and clinical settings, 1990–2017: systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2018; 191: 234258.Google Scholar
Van Dorn, R, Volavka, J, Johnson, N. Mental disorder and violence: is there a relationship beyond substance use? Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2012; 47: 487503.Google Scholar
Ntounas, P, Katsouli, A, Efstathiou, V, et al. Comparative study of aggression – dangerousness on patients with paranoid schizophrenia: focus on demographic data, PANSS, drug use and aggressiveness. Int J Law Psychiatry. 2018; 60: 111.Google Scholar
Keefe, RS, Buchanan, RW, Marder, SR, et al. Clinical trials of potential cognitive-enhancing drugs in schizophrenia: what have we learned so far? Schizophr Bull. 2013; 39(2): 417435.Google Scholar
Bradley, ER, Woolley, JD. Oxytocin effects in schizophrenia: reconciling mixed findings and moving forward. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2017; 80: 3656.Google Scholar
Simons, DJ, Boot, WR, Charness, N, et al. Do “brain-training” programs work? Psychol Sci Public Interest. 2016; 17(3): 103186.Google Scholar
Harvey, PD, McGurk, SR, Mahncke, H, et al. Controversies in computerized cognitive training. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. 2018; 3(11): 907915.Google Scholar
McGurk, SR, Twamley, EW, Sitzer, DI, et al. A meta-analysis of cognitive remediation in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2007; 164(12): 17911802.Google Scholar
Wykes, T, Huddy, V, Cellard, C, et al. A meta-analysis of cognitive remediation for schizophrenia: methodology and effect sizes. Am J Psychiatry. 2011; 168(5): 472485.Google Scholar
Harvey, PD, Penn, D. Social cognition: the key factor predicting social outcome in people with schizophrenia? Psychiatry (Edgmont). 2010; 7(2): 4144.Google Scholar
Brekke, JS, Hoe, M, Long, J, et al. How neurocognition and social cognition influence functional change during community-based psychosocial rehabilitation for individuals with schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 2007; 33(5): 12471256.Google Scholar
Fett, AK, Viechtbauer, W, Dominguez, MD, et al. The relationship between neurocognition and social cognition with functional outcomes in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2011; 35(3): 573588.Google Scholar
Combs, DR, Adams, SD, Penn, DL, et al. Social Cognition and Interaction Training (SCIT) for inpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: preliminary findings. Schizophr Res. 2007; 91(1–3): 112116.Google Scholar
Roberts, DL, Combs, DR, Willoughby, M, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of Social Cognition and Interaction Training (SCIT) for outpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Br J Clin Psychol. 2014; 53(3): 281298.Google Scholar
Nahum, M, Fisher, M, Loewy, R, et al. A novel, online social cognitive training program for young adults with schizophrenia: a pilot study. Schizophr Res Cogn. 2014; 1(1): e11e19.Google Scholar
Kurtz, MM, Richardson, CL. Social cognitive training for schizophrenia: a meta-analytic investigation of controlled research. Schizophr Bull. 2012; 38(5): 10921104.Google Scholar
Lindenmayer, JP, McGurk, SR, Khan, A, et al. Improving social cognition in schizophrenia: a pilot intervention combining computerized social cognition training with cognitive remediation. Schizophr Bull. 2013; 39(3): 507517.Google Scholar
Lindenmayer, JP, Khan, A, McGurk, SR, et al. Does social cognition training augment response to computer-assisted cognitive remediation for schizophrenia? Schizophr Res. 2018; 201: 180186.Google Scholar
Fisher, M, Nahum, M, Howard, E, et al. Supplementing intensive targeted computerized cognitive training with social cognitive exercises for people with schizophrenia: an interim report. Psychiatr Rehab J. 2017; 40(1): 2132.Google Scholar
Sacks, S, Fisher, M, Garrett, C, et al. Combining computerized social cognitive training with neuroplasticity-based auditory training in schizophrenia. Clin Schizophr Rel Psychoses. 2013; 7(2): 7886.Google Scholar
Russell, TA, Green, MJ, Simpson, I, et al. Remediation of facial emotion perception in schizophrenia: concomitant changes in visual attention. Schizophr Res. 2008; 103(1–3): 248256.Google Scholar
Penn, DL, Roberts, DL, Combs, D, et al. Best practices: the development of the Social Cognition and Interaction Training program for schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Psychiatr Serv. 2007; 58(4): 449451.Google Scholar
Eack, SM, Hogarty, SS, Greenwald, DP, et al. Cognitive Enhancement Therapy in substance misusing schizophrenia: results of an 18-month feasibility trial. Schizophr Res. 2015; 161(2–3): 478483.Google Scholar
Eack, SM, Hogarty, SS, Bangalore, SS, et al. Patterns of substance use during cognitive enhancement therapy: an 18-month randomized feasibility study. J Dual Diag. 2016; 12(1): 7482.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Darmedru, C, Demily, C, Franck, N. Cognitive remediation and social cognitive training for violence in schizophrenia: a systematic review. Psychiatry Res. 2017; 251: 266274.Google Scholar
Cullen, AE, Clarke, AY, Kuipers, E, et al. A multisite randomized trial of a cognitive skills program for male mentally disordered offenders: violence and antisocial behavior outcomes. J Consult Clinical Psychol. 2012; 80(6): 11141120.Google Scholar
Cullen, AE, Clarke, AY, Kuipers, E, et al. A multi-site randomized controlled trial of a cognitive skills programme for male mentally disordered offenders: social-cognitive outcomes. Psychol Med. 2012; 42(3): 557569.Google Scholar
Ahmed, AO, Hunter, KM, Goodrum, NM, et al. A randomized study of cognitive remediation for forensic and mental health patients with schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res. 2015; 68: 818.Google Scholar
Kumar, D, Zia, Ul Haq, M, Dubey, I, et al. Effect of meta-cognitive training in the reduction of positive symptoms in schizophrenia. Eur J Psychother Couns. 2010; 12(2): 149158.Google Scholar
Ussorio, D, Giusti, L, Wittekind, CE, et al. Metacognitive training for young subjects (MCT young version) in the early stages of psychosis: is the duration of untreated psychosis a limiting factor? Psychol Psychother. 2016; 89(1): 5065.Google Scholar

References

Broderick, C, Azizian, A, Kornbluh, R, Warburton, K. Prevalence of physical violence in a forensic psychiatric hospital system during 2011–2013: patient assaults, staff assaults, and repeatedly violent patients. CNS Spectr. 2015; 20(3): 319330.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
§CA Penal Code 1026.Google Scholar
Vitacco, MJ, Balduzzi, E, Rideout, K, Banfe, S, Britton, J. Reconsidering risk assessment with insanity acquittees. Law Hum Behav. 2018; 42(5): 403.Google Scholar
Almeida, F, Moreira, D, Moura, H, Mota, V. Psychiatric monitoring of not guilty by reason of insanity outpatients. J Forensic Leg Med. 2016; 38: 5863.Google Scholar
McDermott, BE, Edens, JF, Quanbeck, CD, Busse, D, Scott, CL. Examining the role of static and dynamic risk factors in the prediction of inpatient violence: variable- and person-focused analyses. Law Hum Behav. 2008; 32(4): 325338.Google Scholar
Grevatt, M, Thomas-Peter, B, Hughes, G. Violence, mental disorder and risk assessment: can structured clinical assessments predict the short-term risk of inpatient violence? J Forens Psychiatry Psychol. 2004; 15(2): 278292.Google Scholar
Ross, D, Hart, S, Webster, C. Aggression in Psychiatric Patients: Using the HCR-20 to Assess Risk for Violence in Hospital and in the Community. Port Coquitlam, Canada: Riverview Hospital; 1998.Google Scholar
Douglas, KS, Guy, LS, Hart, SD. Psychosis as a risk factor for violence to others: a meta-analysis. Psychol Bull. 2009; 135(5): 679.Google Scholar
Iozzino, L, Ferrari, C, Large, M, Nielssen, O, De Girolamo, G. Prevalence and risk factors of violence by psychiatric acute inpatients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2015; 10(6): e0128536.Google Scholar
Flannery, RB, Wyshak, G, Tecce, JJ, Flannery, GJ. Characteristics of American assaultive psychiatric patients: review of published findings, 2000–2012. Psychiatr Q. 2014; 85(3): 319328.Google Scholar
Schenk, AM, Fremouw, WJ. Individual characteristics related to prison violence: a critical review of the literature. Aggress Violent Behav. 2012; 17(5): 430442.Google Scholar
Morgan, RD, Flora, DB, Kroner, DG, et al. Treating offenders with mental illness: a research synthesis. Law Hum Behav. 2012; 36(1): 37.Google Scholar
Skeem, JL, Steadman, HJ, Manchak, SM. Applicability of the risk-need-responsivity model to persons with mental illness involved in the criminal justice system. Psychiatr Serv. 2015; 66(9): 916922.Google Scholar
Draine, J, Salzer, MS, Culhane, DP, Hadley, TR. Role of social disadvantage in crime, joblessness, and homelessness among persons with serious mental illness. Psychiatr Serv. 2002; 53(5): 565573.Google Scholar
Andrews, DAB. The Psychology of Criminal Conduct, 5th edn. Cincinnati, OH: Anderson Publishing Company; 2010.Google Scholar
Dack, C, Ross, J, Papadopoulos, C, Stewart, D, Bowers, L. A review and meta-analysis of the patient factors associated with psychiatric inpatient aggression. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2013; 127(4): 255268.Google Scholar
Walters, GD. Predicting institutional adjustment and recidivism with the psychopathy checklist factor scores: a meta-analysis. Law Hum Behav. 2003; 27(5): 541558.Google Scholar
Douglas, KS, Strand, S, Belfrage, H, Fransson, G, Levander, S. Reliability and validity evaluation of the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL: SV) in Swedish correctional and forensic psychiatric samples. Assessment. 2005; 12(2): 145161.Google Scholar
Loza, W. Self-Appraisal Questionnaire (SAQ): a tool for assessing violent and non-violent recidivism. In: Handbook of Recidivism Risk/Needs Assessment Tools. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley; 2018: 165.Google Scholar
Loza, W, Conley, M, Warren, B. Concurrent cross-validation of the Self-Appraisal Questionnaire: a tool for assessing violent and nonviolent recidivism and institutional adjustment on a sample of North Carolina offenders. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol. 2004; 48(1): 8595.Google Scholar
Mitchell, O, Caudy, MS, MacKenzie, DL. A reanalysis of the Self Appraisal Questionnaire: psychometric properties and predictive validity. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol. 2013; 57(4): 445459.Google Scholar
Loza, W, Neo, LH, Shahinfar, A, Loza-Fanous, A. Cross-validation of the Self-Appraisal Questionnaire: a tool for assessing violent and nonviolent recidivism with female offenders. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol. 2005; 49(5): 547560.Google Scholar
Derogatis, LR, Melisaratos, N. The brief symptom inventory: an introductory report. Psychol Med. 1983; 13(3): 595605.Google Scholar
Derogatis, LR. BSI Brief Symptom Inventory. Administration, Scoring, and Procedures Manual. Minneapolis, MN: National Computer Systems (NCS); 1993.Google Scholar
Mills, JF, Kroner, DG. Measures of criminal attitudes and associates: user guide. Unpublished instrument and user guide; 1999.Google Scholar
Mills, JF, Kroner, DG, Forth, AE. Measures of Criminal Attitudes and Associates (MCAA) development, factor structure, reliability, and validity. Assessment. 2002; 9(3): 240253.Google Scholar
LaPray, M, Ross, H. San Diego quick assessment. J Reading. 1969; 12: 305307.Google Scholar
Tabachnick, BG, Fidell, LS. Using Multivariate Statistics, 6th edn. Boston, MA: Pearson; 2013.Google Scholar
Lussier, P, Verdun-Jones, S, Deslauriers-Varin, N, Nicholls, T, Brink, J. Chronic violent patients in an inpatient psychiatric hospital: prevalence, description, and identification. Crim Justice Behav. 2010; 37(1): 529.Google Scholar
Broderick, C. Violence report: DSH violence 2010–2017. Sacramento, CA: Department of State Hospitals; 2019.Google Scholar
Warburton, K. The new mission of forensic mental health systems: managing violence as a medical syndrome in an environment that balances treatment and safety. CNS Spectr. 2014; 19(5): 368373.Google Scholar
Morgan, RD, Fisher, WH, Duan, N, Mandracchia, JT, Murray, D. Prevalence of criminal thinking among state prison inmates with serious mental illness. Law Hum Behav. 2010; 34(4): 324336.Google Scholar
Skeem JL, Winter E, Kennealy PJ, Louden JE, Tatar I, Joseph R. Offenders with mental illness have criminogenic needs, too: toward recidivism reduction. Law Hum Behav. 2014;38(3):212.Google Scholar
Bjørkly S,Hartvig P,HeggenF-A,BrauerH,MogerT.Developmentofa brief screen for violence risk (V-RISK-10) in acute and general psychiatry: an introduction with emphasis on findings from a naturalistic test of interrater reliability. Eur Psychiatry. 2009;24(6):388–394.Google Scholar
Douglas KS, Hart SD, Webster CD, Belfrage H. HCR-20V3: Assessing Risk for Violence: User Guide. British Columbia, Canada: Simon Fraser University; 2013.Google Scholar
Webster C, Martin M, Brink J, Nicholls T, Desmarais S. Manual for the Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START; Version 1.1). Coquitlam, Canada: British Columbia Mental Health & Addiction Services; 2009.Google Scholar
Morgan RD, Kroner D, Mills JF. A Treatment Manual for Justice Involved Persons with Mental Illness: Changing Lives and Changing Outcomes: Abingdon, UK: Routledge; 2017. Google Scholar
Morgan RD, Kroner DG, Mills JF, Bauer RL, Serna C. Treating justice involved persons with mental illness: preliminary evaluation of a comprehensive treatment program. Crim Justice Behav. 2014;41 (7):902–916.Google Scholar
Gaspar M, Brown L, Ramler T, et al. Therapeutic outcomes of changing lives and changing outcomes for male and female justice involved persons with mental illness. Crim Justice Behav. 2019: 0093854819879743.Google Scholar
Skeem JL, Schubert C, Odgers C, Mulvey EP, Gardner W, Lidz C. Psychiatric symptoms and community violence among high-riskGoogle Scholar

References

Bartholomew, NR, Morgan, RD. Comorbid mental illness and criminalness implications for housing and treatment. CNS Spectr. 2015; 20(3): 231240.Google Scholar
Bonta, J, Andrews, DA. Risk-need-responsivity model for offender assessment and rehabilitation. Rehabilitation. 2007; 6(1): 122.Google Scholar
Bewley, MT, Morgan, RD. A national survey of mental health services available to offenders with mental illness: who is doing what? Law Hum Behav. 2011; 35(5): 351363.Google Scholar
Morgan, RD, Flora, DB, Kroner, DG, et al. Treating offenders with mental illness: a research synthesis. Law Hum Behav. 2012; 36(1): 3750.Google Scholar
Bonta, J, Andrews, DA. The Psychology of Criminal Conduct. New York, NY: Routledge; 2016.Google Scholar
Ditton, PM. Mental Health and Treatment of Inmates and Probationers. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics; 1999.Google Scholar
Draine, J, Salzer, MS, Culhane, DP, Hadley, TR. Role of social disadvantage in crime, joblessness, and homelessness among persons with serious mental illness. Psychiatr Serv. 2002; 53(5): 565573.Google Scholar
Fisher, WH, Silver, E, Wolff, N. Beyond criminalization: toward a criminologically informed framework for mental health policy and services research. Adm Policy Ment Health. 2006; 33(5): 544557.Google Scholar
Skeem, JL, Winter, E, Kennealy, PJ, et al. Offenders with mental illness have criminogenic needs, too: toward recidivism reduction. Law Hum Behav. 2014; 38(3): 212.Google Scholar
Bonta, J, Law, M, Hanson, K. The prediction of criminal and violent recidivism among mentally disordered offenders: a meta-analysis. Psychol Bull. 1998; 123(2): 123.Google Scholar
Morgan, RD, Fisher, WH, Duan, N, Mandracchia, JT, Murray, D. Prevalence of criminal thinking among state prison inmates with serious mental illness. Law Hum Behav. 2010; 34(4): 324336.Google Scholar
Wolff, N, Morgan, RD, Shi, J. Comparative analysis of attitudes and emotions among inmates: does mental illness matter? Crim Justice Behav. 2013; 40(10): 10921108.Google Scholar
Wolff, N, Morgan, RD, Shi, J, Fisher, W, Huening, J. Comparative analysis of thinking styles and emotional states of male and female inmates with and without mental disorders. Psychiatr Serv. 2011; 62: 14851493.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, AB, Farkas, K, Ishler, K, et al. Criminal thinking styles among people with serious mental illness in jail. Law Hum Behav. 2014; 38(6): 592601.Google Scholar
Bolaños, AD, Mitchell, SM, Morgan, RD, et al. A comparison of criminogenic risk factors between psychiatric inpatients with and without criminal justice involvement (in preparation).Google Scholar
Gross, NR, Morgan, RD. Understanding persons with mental illness who are and are not criminal justice involved: a comparison of criminal thinking and psychiatric symptoms. Law Hum Behav. 2013; 37(3): 175186.Google Scholar
Skeem, JL, Manchak, S, Peterson, JK. Correctional policy for offenders with mental illness. Law Hum Behav. 2011; 35(2): 110126.Google Scholar
Hodgins, S, Muller-Isberner, R, Freese, R, et al. A comparison of general adult and forensic patients with schizophrenia living in the community. Int J Forensic Ment Health. 2007; 6(1): 6375.Google Scholar
Scanlon, F, Morgan, RD, Mitchell, SM, et al. Community mental health settings and the criminal justice systems: The institutions of justice-involved persons with mental illness (in preparation).Google Scholar
Theriot, MT, Dulmus, CN, Sowers, KM, et al. Factors relating to self identification among bullying victims. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2005; 27(9): 979994.Google Scholar
Walters, GD. The psychological inventory of criminal thinking styles: part II. Identifying simulated response sets. Crim Justice Behav. 1995; 22(4): 437445.Google Scholar
Millon, T, Millon, C, Davis, RD, et al. Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III): Manual. Minneapolis, MN: Pearson/PsychCorp; 2009.Google Scholar
Shields, IW, Simourd, DJ. Predicting predatory behavior in a population of incarcerated young offenders. Crim Justice Behav. 1991; 18(2): 180194.Google Scholar
Van Horn, SA, Morgan, RD, Grabowski, KE. Examining the relationship between criminalness, mental illness and institutional misconduct (in preparation).Google Scholar
Dawes, RM, Faust, D, Meehl, PE. Clinical versus actuarial judgment. Science. 1989; 243: 16681674.Google Scholar
Monahan, J. Predicting Violent Behavior: An Assessment of Clinical Techniques. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications; 1981.Google Scholar
Andrews, DA, Bonta, J, Wormith, JS. The recent past and near future of risk and/or need assessment. Crime Delinq. 2006; 52(1): 727.Google Scholar
Mills, JF. Violence risk assessment: a brief review, current issues, and future directions. Can Psychol. 2017; 58(1): 4049.Google Scholar
Mills, JF, Kroner, DG. The effect of base-rate information on the perception of risk for re-offence. Am J Forensic Psychol. 2006; 24: 4556.Google Scholar
Walters, GD, Kroner, DG, DeMatteo, D, Locklair, BR. The impact of base rate utilization and clinical experience on the accuracy of judgments made with the HCR-20. J Forensic Psychol Pract. 2014; 14(4): 288301.Google Scholar
Hilton, NZ, Harris, GT, Rawson, K, Beach, CA. Communicating violence risk information to forensic decision makers. Crim Justice Behav. 2005; 32(1): 97116.Google Scholar
Wormith, JS. The legacy of DA Andrews in the field of criminal justice: how theory and research can change policy and practice. Int J Forensic Ment Health. 2011; 10(2): 7882.Google Scholar
Andrews, DA, Bonta, J, Wormith, JS. The Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (LS/CMI). Toronto, Ontario: Multi-Health Systems; 2004.Google Scholar
Ferguson, AM, Ogloff, JR, Thomson, L. Predicting recidivism by mentally disordered offenders using the LSI-R: SV. Crim Justice Behav. 2009; 36(1): 520.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelly, CE, Welsh, WN. The predictive validity of the Level of Service Inventory—Revised for drug-involved offenders. Crim Justice Behav. 2008; 35(7): 819831.Google Scholar
Campbell, MA, French, S, Gendreau, P. The prediction of violence in adult offenders: a meta-analytic comparison of instruments and methods of assessment. Crim Justice Behav. 2009; 36(6): 567590.Google Scholar
Gray, NS, Hill, C, McGleish, A, et al. Prediction of violence and self-harm in mentally disordered offenders: a prospective study of the efficacy of HCR-20, PCL-R, and psychiatric symptomatology. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2003; 71(3): 443.Google Scholar
Andrews, DA, Dowden, C. Risk principle of case classification in correctional treatment: a meta-analytic investigation. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol. 2006; 50(1): 88100.Google Scholar
Lowenkamp, CT, Latessa, EJ, Holsinger, AM. The risk principle in action: what have we learned from 13,676 offenders and 97 correctional programs? Crime Delinq. 2006; 52(1): 7793.Google Scholar
Wong, SC, Gordon, A. The validity and reliability of the Violence Risk Scale: a treatment-friendly violence risk assessment tool. Psychol Public Policy Law. 2006; 12(3): 279.Google Scholar
Prochaska, JO, DiClemente, CC. The Transtheoretical Approach: Crossing Traditional Boundaries of Therapy. Homewood, IL: Dow Jones-Irwin; 1984.Google Scholar
Morgan, RD, Kroner, DG, Mills, JF, Olafsson, BN. The Services Matching Instrument. Unpublished assessment.Google Scholar
Olafsson, BN, Morgan, RD, Kroner, DG. The services matching instrument: development, reliability and preliminary validity (in preparation).Google Scholar
Morgan, RD, Kroner, DG, Mills, JF, Batastini, AB. Treating criminal offenders. In: Weiner, IB, Otto, RK, eds. Handbook of Forensic Psychology, 4th edn. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons; 2013: 795838.Google Scholar
Little, GL, Robinson, KD. Moral reconation therapy: a systematic step-by-step treatment system for treatment-resistant clients. Psychol Rep. 1988; 62: 135151.Google Scholar
Rotter, M, Carr, WA. Targeting criminal recidivism in mentally ill offenders: structured clinical approaches. Community Ment Health J. 2011; 47(6): 723726.Google Scholar
Goodell, S, Druss, BG, Walker, ER, Mat, M. Mental Disorders and Medical Comorbidity. Cambridge, MA: The Synthesis Project, MIT; 2011.Google Scholar
Holzer, HJ, Raphael, S, Stoll, MA. How willing are employers to hire ex-offenders? Focus. 2004; 23(2): 4043.Google Scholar
Petersilia, J. Prisoner re entry: public safety and reintegration challenges. Prison J. 2001; 81(3): 360375.Google Scholar
Varghese, FP, Hardin, EE, Bauer, RL, Morgan, RD. Attitudes toward hiring offenders: the roles of criminal history, job qualifications, and race. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol. 2009; 54(5): 769782.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Corrigan, P. How stigma interferes with mental health care. Am Psychol. 2004; 59(7): 614.Google Scholar
Alexander, L, Link, B. The impact of contact on stigmatizing attitudes toward people with mental illness. J Ment Health. 2003; 12(3): 271289.Google Scholar
Overton, SL, Medina, SL. The stigma of mental illness. J Couns Dev. 2008; 86(2): 143151.Google Scholar
Batastini, AB, Bolanos, AD, Morgan, RD. Attitudes toward hiring applicants with mental illness and criminal justice involvement: the impact of education and experience. Int J Law Psychiatry. 2014; 37(5): 524533.Google Scholar
Graffam, J, Shinkfield, AJ, Hardcastle, L. The perceived employability of ex-prisoners and offenders. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol. 2008; 52(6): 673685.Google Scholar
Allen, LB, McHugh, RK, Barlow, DH. Emotional disorders: a unified protocol. In: Barlow, DH, ed. Clinical Handbook of Psychological Disorders: A Step-by-Step Treatment Manual. New York, NY: Guilford Press; 2008: 216249.Google Scholar
Aaronson, CJ, Katzman, GP, Gorman, JM. Combination pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy for the treatment of major depression and anxiety disorders. In: Nathan, PE, Gorman, JM, eds. A Guide to Treatments that Work, 3rd edn. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2007.Google Scholar
Morgan, RD, Kroner, D, Mills, JF. A Treatment Manual for Justice Involved Persons with Mental Illness: Changing Lives and Changing Outcomes. New York, NY: Routledge; 2018.Google Scholar
Colwell, LH, Gianesini, J. Demographic, criminogenic, and psychiatric factors that predict competency restoration. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 2011; 39(3): 297306.Google Scholar
Gowensmith, WN, Frost, LE, Speelman, DW, Therson, DW. Lookin’ for beds in all the wrong places: outpatient competency restoration as a promising approach to modern challenges. Psychol Public Policy Law. 2016; 22(3): 293305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gingerich, S, Mueser, KT. Illness Management and Recovery Implementation Resource Kit. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Mental Health Services; 2004.Google Scholar

References

Warburton, K. The new mission of forensic mental health systems: managing violence as a medical syndrome in an environment that balances treatment and safety. CNS Spectr. 2014; 19: 368373.Google Scholar
Fisher, W, Geller, JL, Pandiani, JA. The changing role of the state psychiatric hospital. Health Affairs. 2009; 28(3): 676684.Google Scholar
Bader, S, Evans, SE, Welsh, E. Aggression among psychiatric inpatients: the relationship between time, place, victims, and severity ratings. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc. 2014; 20(3): 179186.Google Scholar
Broderick, C. Violence report: DSH violence 2010–2017. California Department of State Hospitals; 2019: 265.Google Scholar
Morgan, R, Flora, DB, Kroner, DG, et al. Treating offenders with mental illness: a research synthesis. Law Hum Behav. 2012; 36(1): 3750.Google Scholar
Andrews, D. The risk-need-responsivity (RNR) model of correctional assessment and treatment. In: Dvoskin, J, Skeem, JL, Novaco, RW, Douglas, KS, eds. Using Social Science to Reduce Violent Offending. New York: Oxford University Press; 2012: 127156.Google Scholar
Skeem, J, Steadman, HJ, Manchak, SM. Applicability of the risk-need-responsivity model to persons with mental illness involved in the criminal justice system. Psychiatr Serv. 2015; 66: 916922.Google Scholar
Delgado, D, Mitchell, SM, Morgan, RD, Scanlon, F. Examining violence among not guilty by reason of insanity state hospital inpatients across multiple timepoints: the roles of criminogenic risk factors and psychiatric symptoms. Manuscript submitted for publication. 2019Google Scholar
Andrews, D, Bonta, J, Hoge, RD. Classification for effective rehabilitation: rediscovering psychology. Crim Justice Behav. 1990; 17(1): 1952.Google Scholar
Sugarman, P, Dickens, G. The evolution of secure and forensic mental healthcare. In: Sugarman, P, Dickens, GL, Picchioni, MM, eds. Handbook of Secure Care. London: RCPsych Publications; 2015.Google Scholar
Ulrich, R, Bogren, L, Gardiner, SK, Lundin, S. Psychiatric ward design can reduce aggressive behavior. J Environ Psychol. 2018; 57: 5366.Google Scholar
Glynn, S, Mueser, KT. Social learning for chronic mental inpatients. Schizophr Bull. 1986; 12(4): 648668.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Douglas, KS, Nicholls, TL, Brink, J. Interventions for the reduction of violence by persons with serious mental illness. In: Kleespies, PM, ed. The Oxford Handbook of Behavioral Emergencies and Crises. New York: Oxford University Press; 2016: 466488.Google Scholar
Paul, G, Lentz, R. Psychosocial Treatment of Chronic Mental Patients: Milieu versus Social-Learning Programs. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 1977.Google Scholar
Crichton, J. Defining high, medium, and low security in forensic mental healthcare: the development of the matric of security in Scotland. J Forens Psychiatry Psychol. 2009; 20(3): 333353.Google Scholar
Achadjian, K. Assembly Bill No. 1340. Enhanced Treatment Programs. 2014.Google Scholar
Douglas, K, Skeem, JL. Violence risk assessment: getting specific about being dynamic. Psychol Public Policy Law. 2005; 11(3): 347383.Google Scholar
Dvoskin, J, Heilbrun, K. Risk assessment and release decision-making: toward resolving the great debate. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 2001; 29: 610.Google Scholar
Kraemer, H, Kazdin, AE, Offord, DR, et al. Coming to terms with the terms of risk. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1997; 54: 337343.Google Scholar
De Vries Robbe, M, De Vogel, V, Douglas, KS, Nijman, HLI. Changes in dynamic risk and protective factors for violence during inpatient forensic psychiatric treatment: predicting reductions in post discharge community recidivism. Law Hum Behav. 2015; 39(1): 5356.Google Scholar
Quanbeck, C. Forensic psychiatric aspects of inpatient violence. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2006; 29: 743760.Google Scholar
Stahl, S, Morrissette, DA, Cummings, M, et al. California State Hospital Assessment and Treatment (Cal-VAT) guidelines. CNS Spectr. 2014; 19: 4490465.Google Scholar
Douglas, K, Hart, SD, Webster, CD, Belfrage, H. HCR-20V3: Professional guidelines for evaluating risk of violence. Mental Health, Law, and Policy Institute, Simon Fraser University; 2013.Google Scholar
Webster, C, Nicholls, TL, Martin, ML, Desmarais, SL, Brink, J. Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START): the case for a new violence risk structured professional judgment scheme. Behav Sci Law. 2006; 24: 757766.Google Scholar
Hare, R. The Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised, 2nd edn. Toronto, Canada: Multi-Health Systems; 2003.Google Scholar
Penney, S, Marshall, LA, Simpson, AIF. The assessment of dynamic risk among forensic psychiatric patients transitioning to the community. Law Hum Behav. 2016; 40: 374386.Google Scholar
Hogan, N, Olver, ME. Assessing risk for aggression in forensic psychiatric inpatients: an examination of five measures. Law Hum Behav. 2016; 40(3): 233243.Google Scholar
Hogan, N, Olver, ME. Static and dynamic assessment of violence risk among discharged forensic patients. Crim Justice Behav. 2019; 47(7): 923938.Google Scholar
Watt, K, Storey, JE, Hart, D. Violence risk identification, assessment and management practices in inpatient psychiatry. J Threat Assess Management. 2018; 5(3): 155172.Google Scholar
Greenberg, S, Shuman, DA. Irreconcilable conflict between therapeutic and forensic roles. Prof Psychol Res Pr. 1997; 28(1): 5057.Google Scholar
Douglas, K, Nicholls, TL, Brink, J. Reducing the risk of violence among people with serious mental illess: a critical analysis of treatment approaches. In: Kleespies, P, ed. Behavioral Emergencies: An Evidence-Based Resource for Evaluating and Managing Risk of Suicide, Violence, and Victimization. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2009.Google Scholar
Viljoen, J, Cochrane, DM, Jonnson, MR. Do risk assessment tools help manage and reduce risk of violence and reoffending?: a systematic review. Law Hum Behav. 2018; 42(3): 181214.Google Scholar
Morgan, R, Kroner, DG, Mills, JF. A Treatment Manual for Justice Involved Persons with Mental Illness. New York: Routledge; 2018.Google Scholar
Kingdon, D, Turkington, D. Cognitive Therapy of Schizophrenia. New York: Guilford Press; 2005.Google Scholar
Linehan, M. Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder. New York: Guilford Press; 1993.Google Scholar
Roberts, D, Penn, D, Combs, D. Social Cognition and Interaction Training (SCIT). New York: Oxford University Press; 2016.Google Scholar
Shah, T, Weinborn, M, Verdile, G, Sohrabi, H, Martins, R. Enhancing cognitive functioning in healthy older adults: a systematic review of the clinical significance of commercially available computerized cognitive training in preventing cognitive decline. Neuropsychol Rev. 2017; 27(1): 6280.Google Scholar
Morgan, R, Kroner, DG, Mills, JF, Bauer, R, Serna, C. Treating justice involved persons with mental illness: preliminary evaluation of a comprehensive treatment program. Crim Justice Behav. 2014; 41: 902916.Google Scholar
Frazier, S, Vela, J. Dialectical behavior therapy for the treatment of anger and aggressive behaviors: a review. Aggress Violent Behav. 2014; 19(2): 156163.Google Scholar
Haddock, G, Barrowclough, C, Shaw, JJ, et al. Cognitive-behavioural therapy v. social activity therapy for people with psychosis and a history of violence: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2009; 194: 152157.Google Scholar
O’Reilly, K, Donohoe, G, O’Sullivan, D, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive remediation for a national cohort of forensic patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. BMC Psychiatry. 2019; 19: 27.Google Scholar
Kern, R, Glynn, SM, Horan, WP, Marder, SR. Psychosocial treatments to promote functional recovery in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 2009; 35(2): 347361.Google Scholar
Bellack, A, Mueser, KT, Gingerich, S, Agresta, J. Social Skills Training for Schizophrenia: A Step-by-Step Guide. New York: The Guilford Press; 2004.Google Scholar
Miller, W, Rollnick, S. Motivational Interviewing: Helping People Change, 3rd edn. New York: Guilford Press; 2013.Google Scholar
Ginsburg, J, Mann, RE, Rotgers, F, Weekes, JR. Motivational interviewing with criminal justice populations. In: Miller, W, Rollnick, SR, eds. Motivational Interviewing: Preparing People for Change. New York: Guilford Press; 2002: 333346.Google Scholar
Barlett, M, Desteno, D. Gratitude and prosocial behavior: helping when it costs you. Psychol Sci. 2006; 17(4): 319324.Google Scholar
Swanson, J, Van Dorn, RA, Swartz, MS, et al. Alternative pathways to violence in persons with schizophrenia: the role of childhood antisocial behavior problems. Law Hum Behav. 2008; 32: 228240.Google Scholar

References

Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (US). Trauma Informed Care in Behavioral Health Services. Treatment Improved Protocol (TIP) Series, No. 57. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; 2014.Google Scholar
Muskett, C. Trauma-informed care in inpatient mental health settings: a review of the literature. Int J Ment Health Nurs. 2013; 23(1): 5159.Google Scholar
Riemer, D. Creating sanctuary: reducing violence in a maximum security forensic psychiatric hospital unit. Forensic Nurses. 2009; 15(1): 302.Google Scholar
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Creating a Trauma-Informed Criminal Justice System for Women: Why and How. www.nasmhpd.org/sites/default/files/Women%20in%20Corrections%20TIC%20SR(2).pdf (accessed June 2020).Google Scholar
Mueser, KT, Goodman, LB, Trumbetta, SL, et al. Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in severe mental illness. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1998; 66(3): 493499.Google Scholar
McKenna, G, Jackson, N, Browne, C. Trauma history in a high secure male forensic inpatient population. Int J Law Psychiatry. 2019; 66: 101475.Google Scholar
Khalifeh, H, Oram, S, Osborn, D, Howard, LM, Johnson, S. Recent physical and sexual violence against adults with severe mental illness: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2016; 28(5): 433451.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Treatment Advocacy Center. Serious mental illness prevalence in jails and prisons. 2016. www.treatmentadvocacycenter.org/evidence-and-research/learn-more-about/3695 (accessed June 2020).Google Scholar
Al-Rousan, T, Rubenstein, L, Sieleni, B, Deol, H, Wallace, RB. Inside the nation’s largest mental health institution: a prevalence study in a state prison system. BMC Public Health. 2017; 17(1): 342.Google Scholar
Mueser, KT, Salyers, MP, Rosenberg, SD, et al. Interpersonal trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with severe mental illness: demographic, clinical, and health correlates. Schizophr Bull. 2004; 30(1): 4557.Google Scholar
Howgego, IM, Owen, C, Meldrum, L, et al. Posttraumatic stress disorder: an exploratory study examining rates of trauma and PTSD and its effects on client outcomes in community mental health. BMC Psychiatry. 2005; 5: 21.Google Scholar
Alexander, A, Welsh, E, Glassmire, DM. Underdiagnosing posttraumatic stress disorder in a state hospital. J Forensic Psychol Pract. 2016; 16(5): 448459.Google Scholar
Seow, LSE, Ong, C, Mahesh, MV, et al. A systematic review on comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2016; 176(2–3): 441451.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mauritz, MW, Goossens, PJJ, Draijer, N, van Achterberg, T. Prevalence of interpersonal trauma exposure and trauma-related disorders in severe mental illness. Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2013; 4.Google Scholar
Ford, JD, Fournier, D. Psychological trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder among women in community mental health aftercare following psychiatric intensive care. J Psychiatr Intensive Care. 2007; 3(1): 2734.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wigham, S, Emerson, E. Trauma and life events in adults with intellectual disability. Curr Dev Disord Rep. 2015; 2: 9399.Google Scholar
Lysaker, P, LaRocco, V. The prevalence and correlates of trauma-related symptoms in schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Compr Psychiatry. 2008; 49: 330334.Google Scholar
Grubaugh, AL, Zinzow, HM, Paul, L, Egede, LE, Frueh, BC. Trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder in adults with severe mental illness: a critical review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2011; 31: 883899.Google Scholar
Fisher, HL, Craig, TK, Fearon, P, et al. Reliability and comparability of psychosis patients’ retrospective reports of childhood abuse. Schizophr Bull. 2009; 37(3): 546553.Google Scholar
Felitti, VJ, Anda, RF. The relationship of adverse childhood experiences to adult health, well-being, social function, and healthcare. In: Lanius, R, Vermetten, E, Pain, C, eds. The Impact of Early Life Trauma on Health and Disease; The Hidden Epidemic. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2010: 7787.Google Scholar
Dannlowski, U, Struhrmann, A, Beutelmann, V, et al. Limbic scars: long-term consequences of childhood maltreatment revealed by functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging. Biol Psychiatry. 2012; 71: 286293.Google Scholar
Ford, JD. Neurobiological and developmental research: clinical implications. In: Courtois, CA, Ford, JD, eds. Treating Complex Traumatic Stress Disorders: An Evidence-Based Guide. New York: Guilford Press; 2009: 3158.Google Scholar
Read, J, Fosse, R, Moskowitz, A, Perry, B. The traumagenic neurodevelopmental model of psychosis revisited. Neuropsychiatry. 2014; (4): 6579.Google Scholar
Reavis, JA, Looman, J, Franco, KA, Rojas, B. Adverse childhood experiences and adult criminality: how long must we live before we possess our own lives? Perm J. 2013; 17(2): 4448.Google Scholar
Wolff, N, Shi, J. Childhood and adult trauma experiences of incarcerated persons and their relationship to adult behavioral health problems and treatment. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2012; 9: 19081926.Google Scholar
Green, K, Browne, K, Chou, S. The relationship between childhood maltreatment and violence to others in individuals with psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2019; 20(3): 358373.Google Scholar
Cleare, S, Wetherall, K, Clark, A, et al. Adverse childhood experiences and hospital-treated self-harm. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018; 15: 1235.Google Scholar
Bielas, H, Barra, S, Skrivanek, C, et al. The associations of cumulative adverse childhood experiences and irritability with mental disorders in detained male adolescent offenders. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2016; 10: 34.Google Scholar
Pinals, DA. Crime, violence, and behavioral health: collaborative community strategies for risk mitigation. CNS Spectr. 2015; 20: 241249.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DeMatteo, D, LaDuke, C, Locklair, BR, Heilbrun, K. Community-based alternatives for justice-involved individuals with severe mental illness: diversion, problem-solving courts, and reentry. J Crim Justice. 2013; 41: 6471.Google Scholar
Epperson, MW, Wolff, N, Morgan, RD, et al. Envisioning the next generation of behavioral health and criminal justice interventions. Int J Law Psychiatry. 2014; 37(5): 427438.Google Scholar
Munetz, MR, Griffin, PA. Use of the sequential intercept model as an approach to decriminalization of people with serious mental illness. Psychiatr Serv. 2006; 57(4): 544549.Google Scholar
Wolff, N, Frueh, C, Juening, J, et al. Practice informs the next generation of behavioral health and criminal justice interventions. Int J Law Psychiatry. 2013; 36(1): 110.Google Scholar
Skeem, JL, Manchak, S, Peterson, JK. Correctional policy for offenders with mental illness: creating a new paradigm for recidivism reduction. Law Hum Behav. 2011; 35: 110126.Google Scholar
Peterson, J, Skeem, JL, Hart, E, Vidal, S, Keith, F. Analyzing offense patterns as a function of mental illness to test the criminalization hypothesis. Psychiatr Serv. 2010; 61(12): 12171222.Google Scholar
Junginger, J, Claypoole, K, Laygo, R, Crisanti, A. Effects of serious mental illness and substance abuse on criminal offenses. Psychiatr Serv. 2006; 57(6): 879882.Google Scholar
Draine, J, Salzer, MS, Culhane, DP, Hadley, TR. Role of social disadvantage in crime, joblessness, and homelessness among persons with serious mental illness. Psychiatr Serv. 2002; 53(5): 565573.Google Scholar
Wiechelt, SA, Shdaimah, CS. Trauma and substance abuse among women in prostitution: implications for a specialized diversion program. J Forensic Soc Work. 2011; 1(2): 159184.Google Scholar
Pinals, DA, Felthous, AR. Introduction to this double issue: jail diversion and collaboration across the justice continuum. Behav Sci Law. 2017; 35: 375379.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hayes, MA, Zonneville, M, Bassuk, E. The SHIFT (Service and Housing Interventions for Families in Transition) study: final report. American Institutes for Research; 2010. https://www.air.org/resource/service-and-housing-interventions-families-transition-shift-study-final-report (accessed June 2020).Google Scholar
Bonta, J, Andrews, DA. Risk-need-responsivity model for offender assessment and rehabilitation (User Report 2007–06). Public Safety Canada; 2007.Google Scholar
Leitch, L. Action steps using ACEs and trauma-informed care: a resilience model. Health Justice. 2017; 5(1): 110.Google Scholar
Fisher, WH, Silver, E, Wolff, N. Beyond criminalization: toward a criminologically informed framework for mental health policy and services research. Adm Policy Ment Health. 2006; 33(5): 544557.Google Scholar
Elliott, DE, Bjelajac, P, Fallot, RD, Markoff, LS, Reed, BG. Trauma-informed or trauma-denied: principles and implementation of trauma-informed services for women. J Community Psychol. 2005; 33(4): 461477.Google Scholar
Stainbrook, K, Penney, D, Elwyn, L. The opportunities and challenges of multi-site evaluations: lessons from the jail diversion and trauma recovery national cross-site evaluation. Eval Program Plann. 2015; 50: 2635.Google Scholar
Miller, NA, Najavits, LM. Creating trauma-informed correctional care: a balance of goals and environment. Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2012; 3(1): 17246.Google Scholar
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. SAMHSA’s Concept of Trauma and Guidance for a Trauma-Informed Approach. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 14–4884. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; 2014.Google Scholar
Horowitz, D, Guyer, M, Sanders, K. Psychological approaches to violence and aggression: contextually anchored and trauma-informed interventions. CNS Spectr. 2015; 20: 190199.Google Scholar
Swan, S, Keen, N, Reynolds, N, Onwumere, J. Psychological interventions for posttraumatic stress symptoms in psychosis: a systematic review of outcomes. Front Psychol. 2017; 8: 341.Google Scholar

References

Chein, I. The environment as a determinant of behavior. J Soc Psychol. 1954; 39: 115121.Google Scholar
Dix, DL. On Behalf of the Insane Poor. Honolulu, Hawaii: University Press of the Pacific; 2001.Google Scholar
Rowling, JK. Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone, 1st edn. New York: A.A. Levine Books; 1998.Google Scholar
Penrose, LS. Mental disease and crime: outline of a comparative study of European statistics. Br J Med Psychol. 1939; 18: 115.Google Scholar
Lamb, HR. Does deinstitutionalization cause criminalization?: the Penrose hypothesis. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015; 72(2): 105.Google Scholar
Large, MM, Nielssen, O. The Penrose hypothesis in 2004: patient and prisoner numbers are positively correlated in low-and-middle income countries but are unrelated in high-income countries. Psychol Psychother. 2009; 82(Pt 1): 113119.Google Scholar
Kalapos, MP. Penrose’s law: methodological challenges and call for data. Int J Law Psychiatry. 2016; 49: 19.Google Scholar
Chaimowitz, G. The criminalization of people with mental illness. Can J Psychiatry. 2012; 57 (2): 6.Google Scholar
Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation. The psychological impact of incarceration: implications for post-prison adjustment. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services; 2001. https://aspe.hhs.gov/basic-report/psychological-impact-incarceration-implications-post-prison-adjustment (accessed June 2020).Google Scholar
Gramlich, J. U.S. incarceration rate is at its lowest in 20 years. Pew Research Center; 2018. www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/05/02/americas-incarceration-rate-is-at-a-two-decade-low/ (accessed June 2020).Google Scholar
Collins, WC. Supermax Prisons and the Constitution: Liability Concerns in the Extended Control Unit. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Library; 2004.Google Scholar
Riveland, C. Prison management trends, 1915–2025. Crime Justice. 1999; 26: 163203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grassian, S. Psychopathological effects of solitary confinement. Am J Psychiatry. 1983; 140(11): 14501454.Google Scholar
Kupers, TA. Trauma and its sequelae in male prisoners: effects of confinement, overcrowding, and diminished services. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 1996; 66(2): 189196.Google Scholar
Grassian, S, Friedman, N. Effects of sensory deprivation in psychiatric seclusion and solitary confinement. Int J Law Psychiatry. 1986; 8(1): 4965.Google Scholar
Madrid v. Gomez, 889 F. Supp. 1146 (N.D. Cal. 1995).Google Scholar
Jones ’El v. Berge, 172 F. Supp. 2d 1128 (W.D. Wis. 2001).Google Scholar
Bronson, J, Berzofsky, M. Indicators of mental health problems reported by prisoners and jail inmates, 2011–12. U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics; 2017: 11. www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/imhprpji1112.pdf (accessed June 2020).Google Scholar
Broderick, C, Azizian, A, Kornbluh, R, Warburton, KD. Prevalence of physical violence in a forensic psychiatric hospital system during 2011–2013: patient assaults, staff assaults, and repeatedly violent patients. In: Warburton, KD, Stahl, SM, eds. Violence in Psychiatry. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2016: 4963.Google Scholar
Convit, A, Isay, D, Otis, D, Volavka, J. Characteristics of repeatedly assaultive psychiatric inpatients. Hosp Community Psychiatry. 1990; 41(10): 11121115.Google Scholar
Cooke, DJ, Wozniak, E, Johnstone, L. Casting light on prison violence in Scotland: evaluating the impact of situational risk factors. Crim Justice Behav. 2008; 35(8): 10651078.Google Scholar
Swanson, JW. Mental disorder, substance abuse, and community violence: an epidemiological approach. In: Monahan, J, Steadman, HJ, eds. Violence and Mental Disorder: Developments in Risk Assessment. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; 1994: 101136.The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Series on Mental Health and Development.Google Scholar
Swanson, JW, Swartz, MS, Van Dorn, RA, et al A national study of violent behavior in persons with schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2006; 63(5): 490499.Google Scholar
Clements, CB. Crowded prisons: a review of psychological and environmental effects. Law Hum Behav. 1979; 3(3): 217225.Google Scholar
Bader, SM, Evans, SE. Implementing an ecological approach to violence reduction at a forensic psychiatric hospital: approaches and lessons learned. In: Warburton, KD, Stahl, SM, eds. Violence in Psychiatry. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2016: 263268.Google Scholar
Welsh, E, Bader, S, Evans, SE. Situational variables related to aggression in institutional settings. Aggress Violent Behav. 2013; 18(6): 792796.Google Scholar
Gadon, L, Johnstone, L, Cooke, D. Situational variables and institutional violence: a systematic review of the literature. Clin Psychol Rev. 2006; 26(5): 515534.Google Scholar
Katz, P, Kirkland, FR. Violence and social structure on mental hospital wards. Psychiatry Interpers Biol Process. 1990; 53(3): 262277.Google Scholar
Lion, JR, Pasternak, SA. Countertransference reactions to violent patients. Am J Psychiatry. 1973; 130(2): 207210.Google Scholar
Cornfield, RB, Fielding, SD. Impact of the threatening patient on ward communications. Am J Psychiatry. 1980; 137(5): 616619.Google Scholar
Rossberg, JI, Friis, S. Staff members’ emotional reactions to aggressive and suicidal behavior of inpatients. Psychiatr Serv. 2003; 54(10): 13881394.Google Scholar
Evans, GW. The built environment and mental health. J Urban Health. 2003; 80(4): 536555.Google Scholar
Holahan, C. Environment and Behavior: A Dynamic Perspective. Berlin, Germany: Springer Science & Business Media; 2012.Google Scholar
Timko, C. Physical characteristics of residential psychiatric and substance abuse programs: organizational determinants and patient outcomes. Am J Community Psychol. 1996; 24(1): 173192.Google Scholar
Zimring, C, Weitzer, W, Knight, R. Opportunity for control and the designed environment. In: Baum, A, Singer, J, eds. Advances in Environmental Psychology. New Jersey: Erlbaum; 1982; 4: 171210.Google Scholar
Eleventh Judicial Circuit of Florida. Criminal mental health project. www.jud11.flcourts.org/Criminal-Mental-Health-Project (accessed June 2020).Google Scholar
Iglehart, JK. Decriminalizing mental illness – the Miami model. N Engl J Med. 2016; 374(18): 17011703.Google Scholar

References

Broderick, C, Azizian, A, Kornbluh, R, Warburton, KD. Prevalence of physical violence in a forensic psychiatric hospital system during 2011–2013: patient assaults, staff assaults, and repeatedly violent patients. In: Warburton, KD, Stahl, SM, eds. Violence in Psychiatry. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2016: 4963.Google Scholar
Daffern, M, Mayer, MM, Martin, T. A preliminary investigation into patterns of aggression in an Australian forensic psychiatric hospital. J Forens Psychiatry Psychol. 2003; 14(1): 6784.Google Scholar
Arango, C, Calcedo Barba, A, Gonzalez, S, Calcedo Ordonez, A. Violence in inpatients with schizophrenia: a prospective study. Schizophr Bull. 1999; 25(3): 493503.Google Scholar
Lussier, P, Verdun-Jones, S, Deslauriers-Varin, N, Nicholls, T, Brink, J. Chronic violent patients in an inpatient psychiatric hospital: prevalence, description, and identification. Crim Justice Behav. 2010; 37(1): 528.Google Scholar
Daffern, M, Howells, K, Ogloff, J. Interaction between individual characteristic and the function of aggression in forensic psychiatric inpatients. Psychiatry Psychol Law. 2007; 14(1): 1725.Google Scholar
Barlow, K, Grenyer, B, Ilkiw-Lavalle, O. Prevalence and precipitants of aggression in psychiatric inpatient units. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2000; 34(6): 967974.Google Scholar
Bjorkly, S. A ten-year prospective study of aggression in a special secure unit for dangerous patients. Scand J Psychol. 1999; 40(1): 5763.Google Scholar
Decaire, MW, Bedard, M, Riendeau, J, Forrest, R. Incidents in a psychiatric forensic setting: association with patient and staff characteristics. Can J Nurs Res. 2006; 38(3): 6980.Google Scholar
Flannery, RB, Jr. Repetitively assaultive psychiatric patients: review of published findings, 1978–2001. Psychiatr Q. 2002; 73(3): 229237.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cooper, SJ, Browne, FW, McClean, KJ, King, DJ. Aggressive behaviour in a psychiatric observation ward. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1983; 68(5): 386393.Google Scholar
Owen, C, Tarantello, C, Jones, M, Tennant, C. Violence and aggression in psychiatric units. Psychiatr Serv. 1998; 49(11): 14521457.Google Scholar
Bader, SM, Evans, SE. Predictors of severe and repeated aggression in a maximum-security forensic psychiatric hospital. Int J Forensic Ment Health. 2015; 14(2): 110119.Google Scholar
Krakowski, M, Czobor, P. Violence in psychiatric patients: the role of psychosis, frontal lobe impairment, and ward turmoil. Comp Psychiatry. 1997; 38(4): 230236.Google Scholar
Krakowski, MI, Convit, A, Volavka, J. Patterns of inpatient assaultiveness: effect of neurological impairment and deviant family environment on response to treatment. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol. 1988; 1(1): 2129.Google Scholar
Langton, CM, Hogue, TE, Daffern, M, Mannion, A, Howells, K. Personality traits as predictors of inpatient aggression in a high-security forensic psychiatric setting: prospective evaluation of the PCL-R and IPDE dimension ratings. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol. 2011; 55(3): 392415.Google Scholar
Kraus, JE, Sheitman, BB. Characteristics of violent behavior in a large state psychiatric hospital. Psychiatr Serv. 2004; 55(2): 183185.Google Scholar
Gudjonsson, G, Rabe-Hesketh, S, Wilson, C. Violent incidents on a medium secure unit over a 17-year period. J Forensic Psychiatry. 1999; 10(2): 249263.Google Scholar
Staniloiu, A, Markowitsch, H. Gender differences in violence and aggression – a neurobiological perspective Procedia. 2012; 33: 10321036.Google Scholar
Barnard, GW, Robbins, L, Newman, G, Carrera, F. A study of violence within a forensic treatment facility. Bull Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 1984; 12(4): 339348.Google Scholar
Best, MW, Bowie, CR. A review of cognitive remediation approaches for schizophrenia: from top-down to bottom-up, brain training to psychotherapy. Expert Rev Neurother. 2017; 17(7): 713723.Google Scholar
Grube, M. Which types of aggressive behaviour are associated with suicidal and self-injurious behaviour at the time of admission? Psychopathology. 2004; 37(1): 4149.Google Scholar
Jollant, F, Lawrence, NL, Olié, E, Guillaume, S, Courtet, P. The suicidal mind and brain: a review of neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2011; 12(5–6): 319339.Google Scholar
Bredemeier, K, Miller, IW. Executive function and suicidality: a systematic qualitative review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2015; 40: 170183.Google Scholar
Keilp, JG, Gorlyn, M, Russell, M, et al. Neuropsychological function and suicidal behavior: attention control, memory and executive dysfunction in suicide attempt. Psychol Med. 2013; 43(3): 539551.Google Scholar
Hoptman, MJ, Yates, KF, Patalinjug, MB, Wack, RC, Convit, A. Clinical prediction of assaultive behavior among male psychiatric patients at a maximum-security forensic facility. Psychiatr Serv. 1999; 50(11): 14611466.Google Scholar
Tardiff, K. A survey of five types of dangerous behavior among chronic psychiatric patients. Bull Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 1982; 10(3): 177182.Google Scholar
Darmedru, C, Demily, C, Franck, N. Cognitive remediation and social cognitive training for violence in schizophrenia: a systematic review. Psychiatry Res. 2017; 251: 266274.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×